- 


V  I O  ' 


MAYORS  OF  PHILADELPHIA, 
From  Consolidation,  1854  to  1887. 


THE 


PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


PAST    AND    PRESENT. 


BY 


HOWARD    O.    SPROGLE. 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  PORTRAITS  AND  ETCHINGS. 


PHILADELPHIA,  1887. 


COPYRIGHTED  BY 
HOWARD    O.    SPROGLB. 

1887. 
ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED. 


PREFACE. 


PROBABLY  the  most  important  branch  of  municipal 
government  is  the  department  of  police.  What  the 
condition  of  affairs  would  be  in  a  great  city  like 
Philadelphia  without  this  controlling  power  for 
good  order  and  protection  is  simply  indescribable. 
It  is  a  mighty  force  that  few  people  in  the  ordinary 
walks  of  life  ever  stop  to  think  of.  They  take  it 
as  a  matter  of  course  that  they  are  able  to  go  and  come 
at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night  in  all  parts  of 
this  great  city  without  molestation.  They  do  not 
realize  what  the  consequences  would  be  if  this 
human  dyke  against  the  waves  of  crime  and  out- 
rage should  give  way  for  a  day  or  even  an  hour. 

The  most  careless  and  least  observing,  however, 
must  know  that  in  a  community  of  a  million  souls 
there  must  be  the  usual  proportion  of  the  vicious 
and  criminal.  This  proportion  does  not  vary 
greatly  in  any  community,  and  Philadelphians  have 
no  right  to  claim  for  themselves  a  purer  social  at- 
mosphere than  that  of  other  great  cities  of  the  world, 
unless  it  be  true  that  the  laws  are  more  rigidly 
enforced  here  than  elsewhere.  If  this  be  true — and 
statistics  bear  out  the  proposition — then  the  credit 
belongs  to  the  blue-coated  conservators  of  the  peace, 
and  the  heads  that  direct  their  operations.  A  city 
free  from  crime  is  a  consummation  of  which  poets 
sing  and  police  officials  dream,  but  it  will  only  be  a 

iii 


IV  PREFACE. 

reality  when  the  millennium  arrives  or  Utopia  is 
annexed.  The  ambition  of  every  honest  police 
official  is  to  keep  the  district  confided  to  his  care 
as  free  from  crime  as  possible,  and  the  officer  who 
never  loses  sight  of  his  ambition  is  seldom  brought 
"to  the  front."  The  watchwords  of  every  faithful 
officer  are  "  vigilance,"  "  courage  "  and  "  perse- 
verance," and  the  greatest  of  these  is  "  vigilance." 

There  is  a  glamour  of  mysterious  interest  invest- 
ing the  men  who  watch  while  other  men  sleep,  who 
keep  the  social  wolves  at  bay  or  track  them  to  their 
lair,  who  take  all  the  risks  of  a  soldier  and  receive 
none  of  the  popular  glory  when  they  fall  in  the 
performance  of  their  duty,  as  do  the  men  who  carry 
arms  in  the  field.  Few  people  outside  of  those 
directly  interested  with  the  administration  of  justice 
and  of  municipal  affairs  know  anything  of  the 
operation  of  this  department,  or  of  the  duties  and 
characteristics  of  the  men  constituting  the  force. 
Every  citizen,  and  certainly  every  official  connected 
with  the  administration  of  the  laws  of  the  city,  must 
feel  an  interest  in  the  institution  and  development 
of  the  system  that  protects  his  person  and  property. 
It  is  the  object  of  this  work  to  trace  the  develop- 
ment of  the  present  perfect  system  from  its  most 
primitive  beginnings  and  to  record  the  personnel 
of  a  police  force  that,  unlike  any  other  in  the  United 
States,  is  native  to  the  city  which  it  watches  and 
guards.*  H.  O.  S. 

PHILADELPHIA, 

February,  1887. 


*  Of  the  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  Bixty  officers  rand  patrolmen,  five-sixths 
were  born  in  this  city,  and  seven-eighths  in  the  United  States. 


INTRODUCTION. 


IN  so  large  a  body  of  men  as  that  constituting  the 
police  force  of  Philadelphia,  changes  necessarily 
frequently  occur.  The  following  pages  give  the 
roster  of  the  force  as  it  stood  on  a  given  date,  the 
1 5th  of  February,  1887.  It  can  be  said  that  in  the 
following  pages  justice  has  not  been  done  either 
officers  or  patrolmen  ;  space  would  not  permit  it. 
Even  the  bare  mention  of  each  patrolman  has  ex- 
panded the  book  to  almost  unwieldy  proportions. 
There  are  many  on  the  force  who  have  held  their 
positions  for  years,  some  upwards  of  thirty,  concern- 
ing any  one  of  whom  a  readable  story  could  be 
written.  But  these  with  the  others  had  to  be  dis- 
missed, each  with  a  few  lines.  Of  the  officers  com- 
manding, a  short  sketch  has  been  given,  chronicling 
the  most  noteworthy  services  they  have  rendered  in 
their  capacity  of  conservators  of  the  public  peace. 

The  historical  material  for  this  work  was  obtained 
chiefly  from  the  official  records  of  the  police  depart- 
ment in  the  mayor's  office,  though  much  informa- 
tion was  had  from  other  sources.  For  the  early  his- 
tory the  writer  has  drawn  on  the  "  Historical  Notes 
of  the  Early  Government  and  Legislative  Coun- 
cils and  Assemblies  of  Pennsylvania,"  Mr.  Thompson 
Westcott's  valuable  "  History  of  Philadelphia,"  and 
other  historical  works,  old  guide  books,  directories, 
and  papers  which  were  kindly  placed  at  his  disposal 


vi  INTRODUCTION. 

by  the  Mercantile  Library  through  its  librarian,  Mr. 
John  Edwards.  The  various  ordinances  of^councils 
and  acts  of  assembly  relating  to  the  subject  have 
also  been  consulted  and  used.  To  Mr.  Thompson 
Westcott,  personally,  the  writer  wishes  to  express 
his  acknowledgments  for  courtesies  extended.  To 
ex-mayors  Vaux,  Stokley  and  King ;  ex-chiefs  of 
police  General  Mulholland  and  Colonel  Givin  ;  to 
Mr.  Joseph  Wood,  ex-chief  of  detectives;  to  Mayor 
Smith  and  to  General  James  Stewart,  Jr.,  chief  of 
police,  the  writer  is  under  obligations  for  much  in- 
formation, and  the  means  to  verify  the  correctness 
of  the  work,  and  to  every  officer,  patrolman  and  sub- 
stitute of  the  department,  he  is  indebted  for  mate- 
rial aid  and  assistance. 

Mr.  Edwin  S.  Stuart  kindly  allowed  the  use  of 
many  of  the  original  illustrations  of  old-time  jails, 
buildings,  and  other  historical  places,  taken  from 
"Watson's  Annals  of  Philadelphia." 

Messrs.  Gilbert  &  Bacon,  photographers,  kindly 
furnished  the  negatives  for  a  number  of  portraits, 
as  did  also  "  Kuebler"  and  D.  Lothrop.  The 
etchings,  including  both  scenes  and  portraits,  are 
the  work  of  the  Crosscup  &  West  Engraving 
Company. 

HOWARD  O.  SPROGLE. 

PHILADELPHIA,  February  15,  1887. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

EARLY  POLICE  REGULATIONS. 
(1609 — 1700.) 

DISCOVERY  OF  THE  DELAWARE  RIVER  AND  SETTLEMENT 
BY  THE  DUTCH. — CHARTER  OF  THE  DUTCH  WEST 
INDIA  COMPANY  (l62l). — ARRIVAL  OF  THE  SWEDES 
(1638). — SEAT  OF  GOVERNMENT  ESTABLISHED  AT  TIN- 
ICUM  (1643). — THE  SETTLEMENTS  OF  THE  SWEDES 
ALONG  THE  DELAWARE  FALL  INTO  THE  HANDS  OF 
THE  DUTCH  (1655). — THE  "  SCHOUT  FISCAL." — CON- 
QUEST BY  THE  ENGLISH  (1664). — THE  GRANT  TO  THE 
DUKE  OF  YORK. — CONSTABLES  APPOINTED  TO  KEEP 
THE  KING'S  PEACE  (1671). — DUTIES  OF  THE  CON- 
STABLES.— THEIR  FEES  AND  EMOLUMENTS  OF  OFFICE. 
—THE  OFFICE  OF  SCHOUT  CONVERTED  INTO  A  SHRIEV- 
ALTY (1672). — THE  GRANT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  TO  WIL- 
LIAM PENN  (l68l). — THE  LAWS  ESTABLISHED  FOR 
THE  PROVINCIAL  GOVERNMENT. —ARRIVAL  OF  PENN 
AT  PHILADELPHIA  (1682). — CONDITION  OF  THE  CITY.— 
APPOINTMENT  OF  SHERIFFS  AND  OTHER  PEACE  OFFI- 
CERS.— THE  GOVERNOR  AND  PROVINCIAL  COUNCIL  AS 
A  COURT. — TRIAL  OF  PICKERING  AND  HIS  COMPAN- 
IONS FOR  FORGERY. — DEPARTURE  OF  PENN  FOR 
ENGLAND  (1684). — FIRST  WATCH  ESTABLISHED  (1684). 
— CAGE  BUILT  FOR  CONFINEMENT  OF  EVIL-DOERS.— 
A  "  HIRED  "  PRISON  USED  (1685). — FIRST  PUBLIC 
PRISON  BUILT. — LAX  PRISON  DISCIPLINE. — ODD  PRE- 
SENTMENT BY  THE  GRAND  JURY. — PIRATES  IN  PHIL- 
ADELPHIA (1699). — FIRST  NIGHTLY  WATCH  ESTAB- 
LISHED (1700) Pp.  1-27. 

vii 


vj;,  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  II. 

WATCHMEN  IN  THE  OLDEN  TIME. 
(1700 — -1797.) 

REPORTS  OF  THE  LOW  STATE  OF  MORALS  IN  PHILADEL- 
PHIA CALL  FORTH  A  LETTER  FROM  PENN. — THE  COUN- 
CILS REPLY  OF  CONFESSION  AND  AVOIDANCE. — PENN's 
SECOND  VISIT.— A  GRAND  JURY'S  PRESENTMENT  ON 
THE  MORALS  OF  THE  TIMES  (1702).— GOVERNOR 
EVANS'  MILITIA. — AFFRAY  OF  WILLIAM  PENN,  JUNIOR, 
AND  GOVERNOR  EVANS  WITH  THE  WATCH. — A  NIGHT 
PATROL  OF  CITIZENS  TO  ACT  AS  WATCHMEN  ESTAB- 
LISHED (1705). — NEW  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  CITY 
WATCH. — CITIZENS  FINED  FOR  REFUSING  TO  ACT  AS 
CONSTABLES  AND  WATCHMEN. — INSTRUCTIONS  TO  A 
CONSTABLE  DEFINING  HIS  DUTIES  AS  CAPTAIN  OF 
THE  WATCH  (1722). — A  NEW  ORDER  OF  THINGS  SUG- 
GESTED BY  THE  GRAND  JURY  (1742). — THE  ACT  OF 
1751,  FOR  LIGHTING  THE  STREETS  AND  REGULATING 
THE  NIGHTLY  WATCH. — THE  FIRST  REGULARLY  SALA- 
RIED POLICE  FORCE  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — REGULA- 
TIONS PRESCRIBED  FOR  THE  CONSTABLES  AND  WATCH- 
MEN.— PENALTIES  FOR  SMASHING  THE  CITY'S  NEW 
LAMPS. — WATCH-BOXES  IN  THE  OLDEN  TIME. — THE 
WATCHMEN'S  CRY. — THEIR  EARLY  TRIALS. — "OLD" 
CARLISLE  AND  "JIM"  WEST. — SINGULAR  DUTIES  OF 
THE  EARLY  MAYORS.  —  WATCH-HOUSES.  —  SUPERIN- 
TENDENT OF  THE  WATCH  APPOINTED  (1797). 

Pp.  28-53. 

CHAPTER  III. 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  CITY  TOWARDS  A  POLICE  SYSTEM. 
(1797—1850.) 

THE  STONE  PRISON  AT  THIRD  AND  HIGH  STREETS. — THE 
WHIPPING-POST,  PILLORY  AND  STOCKS. — PUNISHMENTS 


CONTENTS.  ix 

INFLICTED  ON  CRIMINALS.— THE  TOWN  BELL. — PRIMI- 
TIVE MANNER  IN  WHICH  CASES  WERE  DECIDED. — PRO- 
VINCIAL COURT  ERECTED.— BARBAROUS  PUNISHMENT 
INFLICTED  ON  A  WOMAN.— THE  DUCKING-STOOL. — THE 
OLD  WALNUT  STREET  PRISON.— INSURRECTION  WITHIN 
THE  PRISON. — ARCH  STREET  PRISON. — INDEPENDENCE 
HALL  ERECTED. — THE  LIBERTY  BELL. — HOW  THE  OLD 
BELL  WAS  CRACKED. — ITS  JOURNEY  TO  THE  NEW 
ORLEANS  EXHIBITION.  —  THE  POOR  LAWS.  —  THE 
FRIENDS'  ALMSHOUSES. — THE  SPRUCE  STREET  "  BET- 
TERING HOUSE."— THE  HIGH  CONSTABLES  AND  THEIR 
DUTIES  (l8ll). — THE  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  WATCH. — PAY 

OF  WATCHMEN. — WATCHMEN  STATIONED  AT  CENTRE 
SQUARE  ENGINE-HOUSE  (1814). — NIGHTLY  WATCHES 
AND  LAMPS  ESTABLISHED  IN  NORTHERN  LIBERTIES 
AND  SOUTH WARK. — THE  CITY'S  GUARDIANS  IN  1831. 
—MARKED  PROGRESS  IN  THE  POLICE  SYSTEM  (1833). 
—THE  CITY  DIVIDED  INTO  DIVISIONS  AND  SECTIONS 
FOR  POLICE  PURPOSES. — WATCH-HOUSES  PROVIDED. — 
LIEUTENANTS  OF  POLICE  APPOINTED. — NEGRO  RIOTS 
(1842). — THE  WEAVERS'  RIOTS  IN  KENSINGTON  (1843). 
—"NATIVE  AMERICAN"  RIOTS  OF  1844. — THE  KILL- 
ING OF  GEORGE  SHIFFLER. — HIBERNIA  HOSE-HOUSE 
BURNED. — THE  MILITARY  CALLED  OUT. — DESTRUCTION 
OF  ST.  AUGUSTINE  CHURCH.  —  THE  POLICE  FORCE 
STRENGTHENED. — THE  CITY  AND  DISTRICTS  APPROACH- 
ING CONSOLIDATION. — POLICE  AND  POLICE  SUPERIN- 
TENDENTS CREATED  FOR  THE  CITY  AND  DISTRICT. — 
THE  LAW  OF  1845 Pp-  54-88. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

BIRTH  AND  INFANCY  OF  THE  PRESENT  SYSTEM. 
(1850—1858.) 

THE  RULE  OF  THE  "  GANGS." — ST.  MARY  STREET  RIOT. — 
A  POLICE  MARSHALATE  CREATED. — WORKINGS  OF  THE 
NEW  SYSTEM. — GROWTH  OF  THE  CONSOLIDATION  IDEA. 


x  CONTENTS. 

—PASSAGE   OF  THE  ACT. — MAYOR  CONRAD'S  ELECTION. 

—REORGANIZATION  OF  THE  FORCE. — THE  NEW  MAY- 
OR'S RINGING  MESSAGE. — THE  "AMERICAN  BIRTH" 
QUALIFICATION. — OPPOSITION  TO  A  UNIFORM. — EN- 
FORCEMENT OF  THE  SUNDAY  LAWS. — MAYOR  VAUX'S 
LARGE  FORCE. — FORMATION  OF  THE  RESERVES.— 
LOYAL  "  RAT  "  ALLEN. — THE  ALARM  TELEGRAPH  IN- 
TRODUCED   Pp.  89-113. 

CHAPTER  V. 
THE  FIRST  Two  REPUBLICAN  MAYORS. 

(1858—1868.) 

MAYOR  HENRY  BESET  BY  OFFICE-SEEKERS.  —  THE  RE- 
SERVES UNIFORMED. — ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  DE- 
TECTIVE FORCE. — CHIEF  WOOD'S  EFFICIENCY. — THE 
.  WHOLE  DEPARTMENT  UNIFORMED. — RIVER  AND  HAR- 
BOR POLICE  ORGANIZED  WITH  TWO  BOATS'  CREWS.— 
WAR  DUTY  IN  HARRISBURG. — OFFICE  OF  FIRE  MAR- 
SHAL CREATED. — MAYOR  HENRY'S  LIFE  AND  SER- 
VICES.— PROVISION  FOR  DISABLED  SOLDIERS. — THE 
OFFENCE  OF  "CORNER  LOUNGING." — NEW  POLICE 
DISTRICTS Pp.  114-131. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  DAYS  OF  "  Fox's  POLICE." 

THE  RELIGIOUS  ISSUE  IN  THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  1 868. — RESIG- 
NATION AND  DEATH  OF  CHIEF  RUGGLES. — MAYOR 
FOX'S  RECEPTION  TO  GENERAL  GRANT. — EXCITEMENT 
OVER  ABOLITION  OF  THE  VOLUNTEER  FIRE  DEPART- 
MENT.— THE  PERIL  OF  THE  ENGINE-HOUSE. — REOR- 
GANIZATION OF  THE  DEMORALIZED  DETECTIVE  FORCE 
UNDER  CHIEF  MULHOLLAND. — THE  FOUR  CAPTAINCIES 
CREATED. — THE  FORCE  AT  LAST  INCREASED. — GENERAL 
MULHOLLAND'S  DEFENCE  OF  THE  ADMINISTRATION. 

Pp.  132-149. 


CONTENTS.  xi 

CHAPTER  VII. 

"  MARTINET  "  STOKLEY'S  TIME. 

(1872—1881.) 

THE  NEW  MAYOR'S  ELECTION.  —  A  PROMOTION.  --  HIS 
COURSE  IN  COUNCILS.  —  IMMEDIATE  REFORM  AND 
STRICT  DISCIPLINE  IN  THE  FORCE.— FURTHER  NU- 
MERICAL INCREASE.— THE  CENTENNIAL  POLICE  AND 
CENSUS.— HOUSE-TO-HOUSE  SEARCH  FOR  CHARLIE 
ROSS.— LODGING  FOR  THE  INDIGENT  IN  STATION- 
HOUSES.— RAILROAD  RIOTS  OF  1877.— DEATH  OF  CHIEF 
JONES.— CAPTAIN  GIVIN  HIS  SUCCESSOR.  Pp.  150-163. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE  POLICE  FREE  FROM  POLITICS. 

(1881—1884.) 

THE  NEW  MAYOR'S  PLEDGES  AND  PRINCIPLES.  —  THE 
FIRE-CRACKER  AND  CONCEALED-WEAPON  NUISANCES 
ABATED. — CONFIDENCE  OF  REPUBLICAN  COUNCILMEN 

IN  THE  ADMINISTRATION. — A  MODEL  STATION-HOUSE 
BUILT  AND  THE  GAMEWELL  ALARM  SYSTEM  INTRO- 
DUCED. —  JAILING  OF  POOL-ROOM  PROPRIETORS.  - 
THE  SULLIVAN-CLEARY  FIGHT  PREVENTED. — APPOINT- 
MENT OF  COLORED  PCvLICEMEN. — DR.  WHITE'S  LEC- 
TURES ON  "  FIRST  AID  TO  THE  WOUNDED,"  AND  THE 
REWARD  MEDAL. — LIFE  OF  MAYOR  KING. — EXTRAOR- 
DINARY SERVICES  OF  CHIEF  GIVIN  DURING  THE  LABOR 
RIOTS Pp.  164-188. 


xii  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  FORCE  AS  PERFECTED. 
(1884-1887.) 

MAYOR  SMITH'S  CAREER.— HIS  PLEDGES.— PHYSICAL  EX- 
AMINATIONS.— INCREASE  IN  HEADQUARTERS'  STAFF. 
—  SYSTEM  OF  APPOINTMENT.  —  REPAIR  OF  POLICE 
BOATS  AND  STATION-HOUSES. — DUTIES  OF  THE  POLICE 
SURGEON  AND  SOLICITOR.— THE  ALMSHOUSE  AND 
KING  FIRES  CAUSE  THE  CREATION  OF  A  LIFE-SAVING 
SERVICE. — TRAMP  LODGINGS  ABOLISHED  AND  STATION- 
HOUSE  MATRONS  APPOINTED. — REFORM  OF  THE  VAN 
SERVICE.— CHANGE  IN  UNIFORM  ...  Pp.  189-225. 

CHAPTER  X. 

CHIEF  OF  POLICE  AND  DETECTIVES. 

CHIEF  STEWART'S  APTITUDE  FOR  DISCIPLINE. — HIS  WAR 
RECORD. — HIS  DUTIES. — IMPROVEMENT  IN  THE  MOR- 
ALE OF  THE  FORCE.— ITS  MANAGEMENT  ON  GREAT 
OCCASIONS  AND  ITS  PARADES.— GENERAL  STEWART'S 
VIEWS  ON  THE  CHARACTER  OF  THE  FORCE. — LIFE 
OF  CLERK  THOMPSON. — INSPECTION  CLERK  FELL  AND 
HIS  DUTIES. — CREATION  AND  GROWTH  OF  THE  DE- 
TECTIVE DEPARTMENT. — TECHNICAL  DIFFICULTIES  IN 
THE  WAY  OF  CHIEF  KELLY'S  APPOINTMENT.  —  HIS 
LIFE. — SMASHING  THE  WHISKEY  RING. — BREAKING  UP 
THE  OPIUM  TRAFFIC. — CONVICTING  COUNTERFEITERS. 
—COMMENDATIONS  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  SECRET 
SERVICE. — REORGANIZATION  OF  FORCE  AND  METHODS 

OF  WORK Pp.  226-272. 


CONTENTS.  xiii 

CHAPTER  XI. 
THE  DETECTIVE  OFFICERS. 

DETECTIVE  HOUSER  AND  THE  $IO  NOTE. — PETER  MIL- 
LER TAKES  SNELL  OUT  OF  A  MINING  CAMP  AND 
COMES  UP  WITH  ONE  OF  THE  LORD  BOND  ROBBERS. 
— "  SIDE  PARTNERS  "  BOND  AND  DONAGHY. — HULFISH 
AND  THE  "MOLLIES."  -CRAWFORD  AMONG  THE 
"  RANGERS." — ECKSTEIN'S  SERVICE. — WORK  OF  OFFICER 
TATE. — THE  "  MURDER  DETECTIVE." — MINTZHOUSER 
RUNS  DOWN  GIUSSEPPE  DAVINO.  —  VETERAN  JOHN 
WEIR. — THE  BANK  AND  VAGRANT  DETECTIVES'  DU- 
TIES.— THE  TERROR  OF  HORSE  THIEVES.  Pp.  273-304. 

CHAPTER  XII. 
ELECTRICITY  AND  INCENDIARISM. 

BELL  TOWER  BEGINNINGS  OF  THE  FIRE-ALARM  SYSTEM. — 
DETAILS  OF  THE  PERFECTED  PLAN. — SUPERINTEND- 
ENT PHILIPS'  LONG  TERM. — CHIEF  WALKER  AND  HIS 
DUTIES. — THE  DEPARTMENT'S  NEW  QUARTERS  IN  THE 
CITY  HALL. — MAYOR  SMITH  ON  THE  LOCK-BOX  NUI- 
SANCE.— FUNCTIONS  OF  THE  FIRE  MARSHAL. — EFFECT 
OF  THE  CREATION  OF  THE  OFFICE. — THE  MYSTERY 
OF  THE  LEWIS  FIRE. — INFANTILE  FIRE-BUGS. — DR. 
BLACKBURN'S  SERVICES. — LIGHT  FIRE  LOSS  IN  THE 
CENTENNIAL  YEAR. — SKETCH  OF  CAPTAIN  EMERY. 

PP-  305-324. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 
THE  DIVISION  COMMANDERS. 

PATROLMAN  BROWN  AND  THE  MURDERERS  OF  THE 
"  SLUMS." — "  LIMPY"  CLARK'S  QUICK  TRIP  TO  JAIL.— 
ROOTING  OUT  "  BADGER  THIEVING." — CAPTAIN  EDGAR 
TAKES  1200  PRISONERS. — THE  KENSINGTON  WEAVERS' 


xiv  CONTENTS. 

EXPERIENCE  WITH  CAPTAIN  QUIRK. — CHASE  AND 
CAPTURE  OF  THE  FERNWOOD  ROBBERS. — LIEUTENANT 
ALLBRIGHT  REORGANIZES  THE  SEVENTH  DISTRICT.— 
HARD  USAGE  BY  BRECKENRIDGE  DEMOCRATS. — THE 
SAVING  FUND  ROBBERY. — "  COFFEE  POT  "  NATURAL- 
IZATION PAPERS ^  ...  Pp.  325-351. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE. 

FORMATION,  ACHIEVEMENTS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  THE  RE- 
SERVES.— LIEUTENANT  ERODE,  HIS  SERVICES  AND  RE- 
SPONSIBILITY.— SERGEANT  MALIN,  THE  LIBERTY  BELL'S 
GUARDIAN. — THE  MEN  AND  THEIR  RECORDS. — LIEU- 
TENANT WARNOCK  AND  THE  FIRST  DISTRICT. — SER- 
GEANTS CHARLTON  AND  CALHOUN,  CHADWICK  AND 
BELL. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN  ....  Pp.  352-373. 

CHAPTER  XV. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}: 

SECOND  DISTRICT  AND  PATROL  SERVICE. — LIEUTENANT 
GILLINGHAM. — SERGEANTS  PETERMAN,  LYNCH,  BEATTY, 
ZANE  AND  POPE.  —  SPECIAL  OFFICERS  HAGAN  AND 
BECKLEY. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — CAPTAIN  MALA- 
TESTA,  OF  THE  PATROL.— -WORKING  OF  THE  SYSTEM. 

PP-  374-400. 

CHAPTER  XVI. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

THIRD  AND  FOURTH  DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT  ROCHE'S 
DARING. — SERGEANTS  MOORE,  McCLOSKEV.  CROMWELL, 
JONES  AND  HARING. — SPECIAL  ALEXANDER'S  6lO 
CAPTURES. — PATROL  SERGEANTS  HILLARY  AND  MIL- 
LINGTON. — RECORDS  OF  THE  PATROLMEN. — LIEUTEN- 
ANT SHIELDS  RIDS  THE  WORLD  OF  A  RUFFIAN. — SER- 


CONTENTS.  Xv 

GEANTS    SHOURDS,  HEWITT,  TAYLOR    AXD    MARLOW.— 
RECORDS  OF  PATROLMEN. — SPECIAL  OFFICER  YARDNER. 

Pp.  401-419. 

CHAPTER  XVII. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued], 

FIFTH  AND  SIXTH  POLICE  AXD  FIFTH  PATROL  DISTRICTS. 
—LIEUTENANT  USILTON'S  DUTIES. — SERGEANTS  KING, 
MATTHEWS,  IRWIN,  FRANK  M.  AND  GEORGE  B.  EVANS. 
—RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — THE  PATROL  WAGON'S 
10,000  MILES  OF  TRAVEL. — SERGEANTS  CROOKS  AND 
WOODS. — LIEUTENANT  WALTON'S  LONG  SERVICE.— 
SERGEANTS  EAGAN,  FORD  AND  BALE. — SPECIAL  OF- 
FICERS MYERS  AND  LENOIR. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

Pp.  420-438. 

CHAPTER   XVIII. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

SEVENTH,  EIGHTH  AND  NINTH  DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT 
SMITH. — SERGEANTS  VINCENT,  PEMBERTON,  BROWN 
AND  PAINTER. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — PECULIARITY 
OF  THE  EIGHTH  DISTRICT. — PLUCKY  LIEUTENANT 
GEORGE  W.  SMITH. — SERGEANTS  HYNSON,  LEUTWINE, 
FULMER  AND  GOODHART.— SPECIAL  OFFICERS  HOFFMAN 
AND  KEATON. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTENANT 
GREEN  AND  HIS  DISTRICT. — SERGEANTS  SHILLING, 
MOORE,  SHAFFER  AXD  SMITH.  —  SPECIAL  OFFICERS 
HUMPHRIES  AND  RICHARDS.  —  OFFICER  WILHELM'S 
UNREQUITED  SERVICE Pp.  439-466. 

CHAPTER  XIX. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued]. 

TENTH,  ELEVENTH  AND  TWELFTH  DISTRICTS,  AND  THE 
SUB-STATIONS. — LIEUTENANT  BEALE  RAIDS  THE  GREAT 
COCKING  MAIN. — SERGEANTS  McCLAIN,  STECK,  DOUGH- 


xvi  CONTENTS. 

ERTY  AND  COOPER. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEU- 
TENANT WOOD'S  GREAT  MANUFACTURING  DISTRICT.— 
SERGEANTS  MURRAY,  GILBERT,  \YILS<>\  AND  LINTHI- 
CUM. — SPECIAL  OFFICER  KENNKV's  MISHAPS  IN  THE 
SERVICE. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIKUTENANT  KIM- 
BLE'S  IMPORTANT  ARRESTS.  —  SERGEANT  BRODE'S 
THIRTY-FIVE  YEARS'  SERVICE. — SERGEANT  JEFFRIES' 
FOUR  BULLET  WOUNDS. — SERGEANTS  DEPERVEN  AND 
ASHTON — SPECIAL  OFFICER  EHRMAN. — RECORDS  OF 
THE  MEN. — SYSTEM  AND  LOCATION  OF  SUB-STATIONS. 

Pp.  467-497. 

CHAPTER  XX. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

THIRTEENTH  DISTRICT,  FOURTEENTH  DISTRICT  AND  AB- 
DUCTION OF  CHARLEY  ROSS. — LIEUTENANT  ALLISON'S 
DUTIES  IN  MANAYUNK. — SERGEANTS  WARD,  LUSH, 
REGER,  DUNLAP,  HORNBY  AND  LAWRENCE. — LIEUTEN- 
ANT BUCHANAN  AND  THE  GERMANTOWN  DISTRICT.— 
THE  ROSS  MYSTERY. — SERGEANTS  CURRIER,  MAXWELL, 
SANDERSON,  NKII.SON,  FRALEY,  ELLIOTT,  WILDE  AND 
TOMLINSON.— PATROLMAN  HOUSTON  AND  THE  WISSA- 
HICKON  MURDER  MYSTERY. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

Pp.  498-516. 

CHAPTER  XXI. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE— (Continued}. 

FIFTEENTH,  SIXTEENTH  AND  SEVENTEENTH  DISTRICTS.— 
LIEUTENANT  DUNGAN'S  FRANKFORT)  INTERESTS. — SER- 
GEANTS HANSON,  ASHTON,  LANARD,  SHALLCROSS. 
MURRAY,  WELLS,  KEHO  AND  TRAMPE. — SPECIAL  OF- 
FICER BALDWIN.— RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN.— LIEUTEN- 
ANT BAILEY'S  CHARGE.— SERGEANTS  ALLISON,  MCDOW- 
ELL, ROBINSON,  CORRESTON  AND  WILSON. — SPECIAL 
OFFICER  STEPHENS,  PATROL  SERGEANTS  BROWN 


CONTENTS. 

AND  LORD. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTENANT 
THOMPSON  AND  THE  KANE  FRATRICIDE. — SERGEANTS 
TOMLINSON,  WILSON,  MCCOACH,  PRIOR  AND  WHIT- 

TINGHAM Pp.  517-543. 

CHAPTER  XXII. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

EIGHTEENTH,  NINETEENTH  AND  TWENTIETH  DISTRICTS. — 
LIEUTENANT  FERGUSON'S  LONG  TERM  OF  SERVICE. — 
THE  CARPET  MANUFACTURING  INTERESTS  IN  THE 
EIGHTEENTH. — SERGEANTS  SNYDER,  McGARVEY,  COON 
AND  FLETCHER. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTEN- 
ANT SKILTON'S  VIGILANCE  IN  THE  NINETEENTH.— 

SERGEANTS  HANCE,  MCK1BBEN,  BROWN  AND  BOYD.— 
SPECIAL  OFFICER  MCLAUGHLIN. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 
— LIEUTENANT  MYERS  AND  HIS  IMPORTANT  DIS- 
TRICT.— PATROL  STATION  NO.  4. — SERGEANTS  EMERY 
THOMPSON,  ORF,  CLEMENTS,  BERENS,  GESSENGER, 
SKILTON  AND  CLINTON. — SPECIAL  OFFICERS  JAMES 
AND  EARLY. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN  .  .  Pp.  544-569. 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

TWENTY-FIRST,  TWENTY-SECOND  AND  TWENTY-THIRD  DIS- 
TRICTS.— LIEUTENANT  BLANKLEY'S  GOOD  RECORD. — 
THE  DISTRICT  OF  HOMES. — SERGEANTS  BROOKS,  HAN- 
SELL,  SIMPSON,  DONNAGHA  AND  GIBSON. — PATROL  SER- 
GEANTS ULRICK  AND  LATTIMER. — RECORDS  OF  THE 
MEN.— LIEUTENANT  WOLF'S  CAREER  AND  HIS  EFFEC- 
TIVE WORK.  —  SERGEANTS  McCLURE  HALLOWELL, 
EGOLF,  DARLING,  REED,  KISTER  AND  LAFFERTY. — SPE- 
CIAL OFFICERS  FULTON  AND  VANDERSLICE. — RECORDS 
OF  THE  MEN. — SKETCH  OF  LIEUTENANT  LYONS. — SER- 
GEANTS NORBURY,  WATSON,  PETERSON  AND  FLINN.— 
SPECIAL  OFFICER  CARPENTER'S  RECORD. — RECORDS  OF 
THE  MEN Pp.  570-597. 


xviii  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

TWENTY-FOURTH  AND  TWENTY-FIFTH  DISTRICTS.— LIEU- 
TENANT CLASE  AND  HIS  LARGE  DISTRICT.— CHIEF  SHED- 
DEN  OF  THE  EQUIPMENT  BUREAU.— MESSAGE  CLERK 
GORDON. — SERGEANTS  REED,  CREALMAN.  ENDERS,  BUR- 
GIN,  HARMER,  CHADWICK,  CUMMINGS,  CRAIGHEAD  AND 
WEISS.— SPECIAL  OFFICER  CRUPP. — RECORDS  OF  THE 
MEN.— LIEUTENANT  PATTERSON  AND  THE  NEW  TWEN- 
TY-FIFTH.— PATROL  STATION  NO.  6. — SERGEANTS  DAL- 
LAS, BUCHANAN,  LEWIS,  MACTAGUE  AND  O'DONNEL. 
— PATROL  SERGEANTS  DAVIS  AND  CHARLTON. — THE 
SHOOTING  OF  SALOON-KEEPER  TAMANY  BY  SAILOR 
SULLIVAN. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN  .  .  Pp.  $98-618. 

CHAPTER  XXV. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Concluded}. 

THE  NAVAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  SERVICE. — THE  DELAWARE 
AND  SCHUYLKILL  HARBOR  POLICE. — GALLANT  LIEU- 
TENANT MOORE,  COMMANDER  OF  THE  "  STOKLEY," 
AND  HIS  MEN. — RIVER  PIRATES  AND  THEIR  MAN- 
NER OF  OPERATING. — "  JUNKERS." — DOCK-THIEVES.— 
FIGHTS  ALONG  THE  RIVER  FRONT. — THE  FIRE  APPA- 
RATUS OF  THE  "  STOKLEY." — THE  RIVER'S  DEAD  AND 
ITS  GHASTLY  SECRETS. — MUTINIES  ON  SHIPBOARD.— 
HUMAN  FREIGHT  FOR  THE  HOUSE  OF  CORRECTION.— 
THE  PATROL-BOATS. — RIVER-PIRATE  JACK  TONER.— 
STEALING  HORSES  FROM  VESSELS. — "DICK  "  SIMMONS, 
"  TOM  "  ANDERSON,  "  WES  "  SCOTT  AND  "  BILL  "  HART, 
RIVER  THIEVES. — A  PIRATE  TAKES  A  TUMBLE. — A 
REFORMED  PIRATE  BECOMES  A  PREACHER. — STEALING 
A  STAKE  FOR  THE  GAMING  TABLE. — UNDERMINING  A 
COTTON  PILE. — DISHONKST  MATES  OF  VESSELS. — A 


CONTENTS.  xix 

BITER  BITTEN. — SERGEANT  ALLEN'S  CAREER. — "  DOC- 
TOR "  BUCHANAN  OF  BOGUS  DIPLOMA  AND  BOGUS 
SUICIDE  FAME,  AND  "CHIP"  STEWART. — A  NIGHT 
PLUNGE  INTO  THE  DELAWARE. — PILOTS  EDWARDS 
AND  FENTON. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN.— LIEUTENANT 
FRANCIS,  COMMANDER  OF  THE  "KING." — SERGEANT 
SMITH. — PILOTS  DUEY  AND  HAGAN. — RECORDS  OF 
THE  MEN Pp.  619-640. 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 

THE  CITY'S  NEW  CHARTER  AND  THE   POLICE  PENSION 

FUND. 

SKETCH  OF  JOHN  C.  BULLITT,  THE  ORIGINATOR  OF  THE 
BULLITT  BILL. — DIFFICULTIES  IN  THE  WAY  OF  ITS 
FINAL  PASSAGE. — EDWIN  H.  FITLER  ELECTED  FIRST 
MAYOR  UNDER  THE  NEW  CHARTER.  —  THE  POL- 
ICE PLACED  UNDER  THE  "DIRECTOR  OF  PUBLIC 
SAFETY." — THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THE  BILL  AFFECT- 
ING THE  POLICE.  —  THE  OFFICE  OF  "SUPERINTEND- 
ENT OF  POLICE."  -THE  PROVISION  CREATING  THE 
POLICE  PENSION  FUND.  —  POLICEMEN  CANNOT  BE 
DISMISSED  EXCEPT  BY  DECISION  OF  A  COURT. 

-  THE    ORDINANCE    OF   COUNCILS  TO   CARRY   THE 
BILL  INTO  EFFECT. — POLICE  SURGEON  FRENCH. — POL- 
ICE   SOLICITOR   MILES.  —  DISTRICT   ATTORNEY    GRA- 
HAM AND  HIS  STAFF.  —  FIRST  ASSISTANT  BREGY.— 
SECOND  ASSISTANT  KINSEY. — THIRD  ASSISTANT  SIN- 
ER. — MURDER  DETECTIVE  MYERS. — DETECTIVE  WEYL. 

-  THE  PARK  GUARDS.  —  THE  GHASTLY  FIND   OF  A 
GUARD. — THE  DEALEY  MURDER. — PARK  GUARD  DOR- 
SEY  W7HO  ARRESTED   THE  MURDERER  PROBST. — THE 
MYSTERIOUS  DUTCHMAN Pp.  641-657. 


LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


FRONTISPIECE.    MAYORS  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

WILLIAM  PENN 12 

WILLIAM  PENN 15 

LANDING  OF  WILLIAM  PENN  AT  CHESTER l6 

LANDING  OF  WILLIAM  PENN  AT  BLUE  ANCHOR  INN  .  2O 

THE  SWEDES'  CHURCH  AND  HOUSE  OF  SVEN  SENER  .  22 

TREATY  TREE 23 

HIGH  STREET  PRISON  AND  MARKET  SHAMBLES  ...  24 

PENN'S  COTTAGE  IN  L/ETITIA  COURT 29 

SHIPPEN'S  HOUSE 31 

PENNY  POT-HOUSE  AND  LANDING 32 

THE  DRAWERBRIDGE  AND  DOCK  CREEK 34 

ARCH  STREET  BRIDGE  ON  FRONT  STREET      ....  36 

SLATE-ROOF  HOUSE — PENN'S  RESIDENCE 37 

BENEZET'S  HOUSE  AND  CHESTNUT  STREET  BRIDGE    .  38 

OLD  COURT-HOUSE  AND  FRIENDS'  MEETING  ....  39 

STATE  HOUSE  AND  CONGRESS  HALL 41 

THE  LONDON  COFFEE  HOUSE -44 

OLD  WATCHMAN  AND  HIS  BOX 49 

CARPENTER'S  HALL  AND  PLACE  OF  FIRST  CONGRESS  52 
STONE    PRISON,    SOUTH-WEST    CORNER    OF    THIRD 

AND  HIGH  STREETS 55 

THE  PILLORY  AND  WHIPPING-POST 56 

THE  DUCKING-STOOL 60 

WALNUT  STREET  PRISON 6l 

THE  LIBERTY  BELL 65 

INDEPENDENCE  HALL 66 

HEAD-DRESS  FASHIONS,  l8OQ /I 

WILLIAM  B.  SMITH,  MAYOR  OF  PHILADELPHIA  .    .    .19! 

THE  MAYOR'S  OFFICE 195 

xxi 


xxii  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

INDEPENDENCE  HALL,  1887 2O8 

GENERAL  JAMES  STEWART,  JR.,  CHIEF  OF  POLICE  .  .  .  22/ 
JOSEPH  W.  THOMPSON,  CLERK  TO  CHIEF  OF  POLICE  .  243 

WILLIAM  F.  FELL,  INSPECTION  CLERK 247 

FRANCIS  R.  KELLY,  CHIEF  OF  DETECTIVES 253 

CHIEF  KELLY  IN  HIS  OFFICE 259 

ROGUES'  GALLERY 275 

BANK  BURGLARS'  OUTFIT 283 

DAVID  R.  WALKER,  CHIEF  OF  THE  ELECTRICAL  DEP'T  .  309 

JOHN  W.  EMERY,  FIRE  MARSHAL 321 

THOMAS  BROWN,  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  FIRST  DIVISION  .  .  327 
CHARLES  B.  EDGAR,  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  SECOND  DIVISION  333 
HARRY  M.  QUIRK,  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  THIRD  DIVISION  .  339 
JACOB  ALLBRIGHT,  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  FOURTH  DIVISION  345 
WALTER  ERODE,  JR.,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  RESERVE 

CORPS 353 

WILLIAM  WARNOCK,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  FIRST  DIS- 
TRICT     365 

LEWIS  GILLINGHAM,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  SECOND  DIS- 
TRICT      375 

SECOND  DISTRICT  STATION-HOUSE 381 

SECOND  DISTRICT  STATION-HOUSE,  INTERIOR  PLAN  .  384 
JOSEPH  MALATESTA,  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  POLICE  PATROL 

SERVICE 389 

CALLING  FOR  THE  PATROL  WAGON 392 

THE  STREET  STATION 393 

ALARM  BOX 394 

PATROL  WAGON ' 397 

DAVID  B.  ROCHE,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  THIRD  DISTRICT  403 
WILLIAM  H.  SHIELDS,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  FOURTH 

DISTRICT 411 

EDWIN    L.   USILTON,   LIEUTENANT   OF  THE    FIFTH    DIS- 
TRICT       421 

ENOCH    E.    WALTON,  LIEUTENANT    OF   THE    SIXTH    DIS- 
TRICT  429 

WILLIAM     L.     SMITH,    LIEUTENANT    OF    THE    SEVENTH 

DISTRICT 441 


ILLUSTRATIONS.  xxiii 

PAGE. 

GEORGE  \V.  SMITH,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  EIGHTH  DIS- 
TRICT   447 

JOSEPH  P.  GREEN,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  NINTH  DIS- 
TRICT   457 

CHARLES  E.  BEALE,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  TENTH  DIS- 
TRICT   469 

GEORGE  WOOD,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  ELEVENTH  DIS- 
TRICT   479 

NATHAN  S.  KIMBLE,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  TWELFTH  DIS- 
TRICT       487 

ALBERT  C.  ALLISON,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  THIRTEENTH 

DISTRICT 499 

ALEXANDER  BUCHANAN,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  FOUR- 
TEENTH DISTRICT 505 

WILLIAM  L.  DUNCAN,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  FIFTEENTH 

DISTRICT 519 

E.  M.  BAILEY,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  SIXTEENTH  DIS- 
TRICT  "  .  .  .  .  527 

GEORGE  W.  THOMPSON,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  SEVEN- 
TEENTH DISTRICT 537 

JAMES   FERGUSON,   LIEUTENANT    OF   THE   EIGHTEENTH 

DISTRICT 545 

ALEXANDER  SKILTON,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  NINE- 
TEENTH DISTRICT 555 

JOHN    K.     MYERS,    LIEUTENANT    OF    THE    TWENTIETH 

DISTRICT 561 

GEORGE  BLANKLEY,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  TWENTY-FIRST 

DISTRICT 571 

HENRY    WOLF,  LIEUTENANT    OF    THE    TWENTY-SECOND 

DISTRICT 581 

EDWARD  M.  LYONS,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  TWENTY- 
THIRD  DISTRICT  . 589 

SAMUEL  CLASE,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  TWENTY-FOURTH 

DISTRICT .    599 

JOHN  B.  PATTERSON,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  TWENTY- 
FIFTH  DISTRICT 609 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE. 

GEORGE  MOORE,  LIEUTENANT  OF  THE  DELAWARE  HAR- 
BOR SQUAD 621 

DELAWARE  HARBOR  POLICE  BOAT  "  STOKLEY  "...   625 
THE  SCHUYLKILL   HARBOR   POLICE   BOAT   "KING"   .      .   633 
WILLIAM   H.   FRANCIS,    LIEUTENANT   OF   THE    SCHUYL- 
KILL HARBOR   SQUAD 637 


THE 

PHILADELPHIA    POLICE, 

PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   SYSTEM    FROM    THE    FOUNDING    OF  THE   CITY   TO 
THE   PRESENT   DAY. 


CHAPTER    I. 

EARLY  POLICE  REGULATIONS. 
(1609 — 1700.) 

DISCOVERY  OF  THE  DELAWARE  RIVER  AND  SETTLEMENT 
BY  THE  DUTCH.— CHARTER  OF  THE  DUTCH  WEST 
INDIA  COMPANY  (l62l). — ARRIVAL  OF  THE  SWEDES 
(1638). — SEAT  OF  GOVERNMENT  ESTABLISHED  AT  TIN- 
ICUM  (1643). — THE  SETTLEMENTS  OF  THE  SWEDES 
ALONG  THE  DELAWARE  FALL  INTO  THE  HANDS  OF 
THE  DUTCH  (1655). — THE  "  SCHOUT  FISCAL." — CON- 
QUEST BY  THE  ENGLISH  (1664). — THE  GRANT  TO  THE 
DUKE  OF  YORK. — CONSTABLES  APPOINTED  TO  KEEP 
THE  KING'S  PEACE  (1671). — DUTIES  OF  THE  CON- 
STABLES.— THEIR  FEES  AND  EMOLUMENTS  OF  OFFICE. 
—THE  OFFICE  OF  SCHOUT  CONVERTED  INTO  A  SHRIEV- 
ALTY (1672). — THE  GRANT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  TO  WIL- 
LIAM PENN  (l68l). — THE  LAWS  ESTABLISHED  FOR 
THE  PROVINCIAL  GOVERNMENT. — ARRIVAL  OF  PENN 
AT  PHILADELPHIA  (l682). — CONDITION  OF  THE  CITY.— 
APPOINTMENT  OF  SHERIFFS  AND  OTHER  PEACE  OFFI- 
CERS.— THE  GOVERNOR  AND  PROVINCIAL  COUNCIL 
AS  A  COURT.— TRIAL  OF  PICKERING  AND  HIS  COM- 

I 


2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

PANIONS  FOR  FORGERY. — DEPARTURE  OF  PENN 
FOR  ENGLAND  (1684).— FIRST  WATCH  ESTABLISHED. 
(1684). — CAGE  BUILT  FOR  CONFINEMENT  OF  EVIL- 
DOERS.— A  "  HIRED  "  PRISON  USED  (1685). — FIRST 
PUBLIC  PRISON  BUILT.— LAX  PRISON  DISCIPLINE.— 
ODD  PRESENTMENT  BY  THE  GRAND  JURY. — PIRATES 
IN  PHILADELPHIA  (1699).— FIRST  NIGHTLY  WATCH 
ESTABLISHED  (l/OO). 

WHEN  at  the  Autumn  review  the  wide  platoons  of 
stout  blue-coats  swing  saluting  past  the  heads  of 
the  department,  the  oldest  inhabitant  grows  garru- 
lous in  print  and  talk  and  we  hear  stories  of  the 
old  watchmen  or  "  Charleys,"  whom  the  young 
swells  played  pranks  upon  at  night,  and  around 
whose  beats  the  early,  vigilant  mayors  used  to 
prowl.  This  seems  ancient  history,  and  yet  the 
"  Charley "  period  was  almost  the  last  stage  in  the 
evolution  of  the  Philadelphia  policeman.  To  get 
back  to  the  primordial  atomic  globule  of  the  force, 
one  must  go  away  back,  back  of  the  Consolidation, 
back  of  the  old  "  District "  days,  back  of  colonial 
times,  back  even  of  William  Penn  to  Henry  Hudson, 
the  Englishman  in  the  employ  of  the  Dutch  East 
India  Company,  who,  while  cruising  in  North 
American  waters  in  search  of  a  north-west  passage 
to  India,  discovered  and  entered  Delaware  Bay. 
Finding  shoals  near  the  entrance  he  left  it,  and 
sailing  northward  discovered  New  York  Bay  and 
the  river  which  bears  his  name.  The  name  "Dela- 
ware "  was  given  it  by  the  English  in  Virginia, 
from  the  fact  that  in  the  year  following,  1610, 
Lord  De  La  War  touched  at  the  bay  ;  and  the  Vir- 
ginians, knowing  nothing  of  Hudson's  visit,  sup- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  3 

posed  Lord  De  La  War  to  have  been  the  discoverer, 
and  gave  it  his  name. 

From  this  visit  of  Hudson,  the  Dutch  claimed 
title  to  the  country  on  both  these  rivers,  and  the 
West  India  Company  was  formed  in  1621,  for  the 
purpose  of  extending  discoveries  and  reaping  the 
commercial  advantages  of  this  newly-found  region, 
which  they  named  the  New  Netherlands. 

The  first  settlement  upon  the  shores  of  the  Dela- 
ware was  made  in  the  year  1623-1624  by  the 
Dutch  West  India  Company,  whose  powers  in  cer- 
tain particulars  were  co-extensive  with  those  of  the 
Government  creating  it.  In  their  charter  they  were 
empowered  :  "  To  protect  their  commerce  and  de- 
pendencies ;  to  erect  forts  and  fortifications  ;  to  ad- 
minister justice  and  preserve  order;  maintain  police, 
and  exercise  the  government  generally  of  their 
trans-marine  affairs. 

The  Director-General  and  his  Council  were  in- 
vested with  all  powers  judicial,  legislative  and 
executive. 

Under  their  charter  the  Dutch  West  India  Com- 
pany took  general  possession  of  the  country  of 
New  Netherlands,  and  in  1624  built  "Fort  Nassau" 
on  the  "  Zuydt  "  or  South  River,  as  the  Delaware  was, 
by  them  called.  This  fort,  built  near  the  present 
site  of  Gloucester,  New  Jersey,  was  simply  a  post  for 
trading  with  the  Indians,  and  incidentally,  one  may 
infer,  for  the  catching  of  shad. 

In  the  year  1638  the  Swedish  West  India  Com- 
pany sent  out  its  first  colony  to  the  South  (Dela- 
ware) River,  under  the  patronage  of  Queen  Chris- 
tina. They  passed  up  the  river  to  Minquas 


4  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Creek, — the  Christiana  as  now  called, — where  Wil- 
mington, Delaware,  stands.  Their  settlement  called 
forth  protests  from  the  Dutch,  which  were,  however, 
disregarded.  In  1643  the  seat  of  government  was 
located  on  the  island  of  Teneko,  now  Tinicum,  by 
the  governor,  Printz,  where  law  and  justice  were  first 
regularly  administered  within  the  present  limit  of 
Pennsylvania. 

In  the  document  appointing  Printz  governor,  and 
the  "Instructions"  given  him,  he  is  ordered  to  de- 
fend the  inhabitants  of  New  Sweden  against  : 

"all  violence  and  foreign  attachment,"  and  "to  preserve,  above 
all,  that  Country  in  safe  and  faithful  hands."  Also,  he.  must  pre- 
serve amity,  good  neighborhood,  and  correspondence  with  for- 
eigners, with  those  who  depend  upon  his  government,  and  the 
natives  of  the  Country ;  to  render  justice  without  distinction,  so 
that  there  shall  be  injury  to  no  one,  and  if  any  person  be- 
haves himself  grossly,  he  must  punish  him  "in  a  convenient 
manner."  He  was  also  commanded  "  to  decide  all  controversies 
according  to  the  laws,  customs  and  usages  of  Sweden,  and  in  all 
other  things  he  will  adopt  and  follow  all  the  laudable  manners, 
customs  and  usages  of  the  Kingdom  of  Sweden,"  and  "  to  bring 
to  obedience  and  order,  by  necessary  and  convenient  means,  the 
mutinous  and  refractory  persons  who  will  not  live  in  peace  ;  and 
he  may  punish  great  offenders,  if  he  finds  any,  not  only  by  im- 
prisonment and  other  proportionate  punishment,  but  even  with 
death,  according  to  the  crime,  if  he  can  seize  the  criminal ;  but 
not  otherwise  than  according  to  the  ordinances  and  legal  forms, 
and  after  having  sufficiently  considered  and  examined  the  affairs 
with  the  most  noted  persons,  such  as  the  most  prudent  assessors 
of  justice  that  he  can  fiod  and  consult  in  the  country. 

In  1655  all  the  forts  and  settlements  of  the 
Swedes  along  the  Delaware  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Dutch,  and  John  Paul  Jacquet  was  made  Vice- 
Director  and  Chief  Magistrate. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


5 


In  his  letter  of  appointment  he  was  commanded 
"to  give  orders  and  have  them  observed  in  all  mat- 
ters concerning  trade,  policy,  justice  and  military, 
and  to  administer  law  and  justice  to  the  citizens  as 
well  as  soldiers."  Andries  Hudde  was  appointed 
"  Secretary  and  Surveyor,"  and  his  duties  were  in 
general  those  of  a  "  Schout "  or  "  Schout  Fiscal,"  which 
were  large  and  various.  The  Schout,  among  other 
things,  was  charged  with  enforcing  and  maintaining 
the  placards,  laws,  ordinances,  resolutions  and  mili- 
tary regulations  of  their  High  Mightinesses,  the 
States  General ;  and  protecting  the  rights,  domains, 
and  jurisdiction  of  the  Company,  and  executing  their 
orders,  as  well  in  as  out  of  court,  without  favor  or  re- 
spect to  individuals  ;  he  was  bound  to  superintend 
all  prosecutions  and  suits,  but  could  not  undertake 
any  action  on  behalf  of  the  Company  except  by 
order  of  council ;  nor  arraign  or  arrest  any  person  on 
a  criminal  charge,  except  on  information  previously 
received  or  unless  he  caught  him  in  flagrante  de- 
licto. 

In  taking  information  he  was  bound  to  note,  as 
well  those  points  which  were  made  for  the  prisoner, 
as  those  which  supported  the  charge  against  him  ; 
and  after  trial,  he  was  to  see  to  the  proper  and  faith- 
ful execution  of  the  sentence  pronounced  by  the 
judges,  who,  in  indictments  carrying  with  them  loss 
of  life  and  property,  were  not  to  be  less  than  five  in 
number.  He  was,  moreover,  specially  obliged  to  at- 
tend to  the  Commissaries  arriving  from  the  Com- 
pany's out-posts,  and  to  vessels  arriving  from  or  leav- 
ing for  Holland,  to  inspect  their  papers  and  superin- 
tend the  loading  and  discharging  of  their  cargoes,  so 


6  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

that  smuggling  might  be  prevented ;  and  all  goods 
introduced,  except  in  accordance  with  the  Company's 
regulations,  were  at  once  to  be  confiscated.  He  was 
to  transmit  to  the  Directors,  in  Holland,  copies  of  all 
informations  taken  by  him,  as  well  as  all  sentences 
pronounced  by  the  Court,  and  no  person  was  to  be 
kept  long  in  prison,  at  the  expense. of  the  Company, 
without  special  cause,  but  all  were  to  be  prosecuted 
as  expeditiously  as  possible. 

The  Vice-Director  was  specially  charged  "  to 
strictly  observe  and  have  observed  the  published  or- 
dinances against  the  sale  of  strong  drink  to  the  In- 
dians ;  the  robbing  of  gardens  and  plantations  ;  run- 
ning about  in  the  country,  and  drinking  on  or  pro- 
faning the  Sabbath  day." 

Jacob  Alrichs  succeeded  Jacquet  as  Vice-Director, 
or  Commissary  General,  who  was  in  turn  succeeded 
by  Alexander  D'Hinnoyossa.  Under  his  adminis- 
tration G.  Van  Sweringen  was  Secretary  and  Schout, 
John  Crato,  Councilor,  and  "  in  extraordinary  cases 
they  associate  to  themselves  Mr.  Williams,  the  Sur- 
geon, and  Hans  Block,  Constable."  This  last  wor- 
thy may  be  called  the  first  Philadelphia  policeman, 
since  he  is  the  first  person  named  in  local  history 
by  a  quasi-modern  police  title. 

D'Hinnoyossa's  administration  was  of  short  dura- 
tion, extending  from  December  28,  1663,  to  October 
i,  1664,  when  it  was  brought  to  an  abrupt  termination 
by  the  conquest  of  the  Colony  by  the  English  under 
Sir  Robert  Carre,  which  proved  to  be  a  final  quietus 
to  Dutch  authority  on  the  Delaware,  except  for  a 
short  period  in  1672. 

In  the  year  1664,  King  Charles  II.  granted  to  his 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  » 

brother,  the  Duke  of  York,  the  territory  in  and 
about  the  New  Netherlands,  for  the  consideration, 
named  in  the  charter,  of  the  payment  in  each  year 
of  forty  beaver  skins  within  ninety  days  after  de- 
mand. To  the  Duke,  his  deputies,  agents,  commis- 
sioners and  assigns,  were  given  full  and  absolute 
power  and  authority : 

"  to  correct,  punish,  pardon,  govern  and  rule  the  inhabitants  of 
the  territory  granted,  according  to  such  laws,  orders,  ordinances, 
directions  and  instruments  as  by  our  said  Dearest  Brother  or  his 
Assigns  shall  be  established  and  in  defect  thereof,  in  cases  of  .ne- 
cessity, according  to  the  good  discretions  of  his  Deputies,  Com- 
missioners, Officers  or  Assigns,  respectively,  as  well  in  all  causes 
and  matters  capital  and  criminal,  as  civil,  both  marine  and  others  ;  so 
always  as  the  said  Statutes,  Ordinances  and  Proceedings  be  not 
contrary  to,  but  as  near  as  conveniently  may  be  agreeable  to  the 
Laws,  Statutes  and  Government  of  this  our  Realm  of  Eng- 
land" 

The  Duke,  on  the  2d  of  April,  1664,  issued  a  com- 
mission to  Colonel  Richard  Nicolls  to  be  Deputy- 
Governor  over  the  territory  in  America.  With  him 
were  associated,  by  the  King's  appointment,  Sir  Rob- 
ert Carre,  Knt.,  George  Cartwright  and  Samuel 
Maverick,  Esquires,  as  Commissioners,  to  visit,  in 
turn,  all  His  Majesty's  American  Colonies,  and 
there  to  hear  and  determine  all  complaints  and  ap- 
peals, in  military,  criminal  and  civil  affairs,  and  so 
to  proceed  in  all  matters  that  the  peace  and  security 
of  the  country  might  be  settled  according  to  the  in- 
structions given  them. 

New  Amsterdam  capitulated  to  Colonel  Rich- 
ard Nicolls  on  the  8th  of  September,  and  thereupon 
became  New  York,  and  Fort  Amsterdam  was  hence- 
forth called  Fort  James.  The  surrender  of  New 


8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Amsterdam  was  followed  by  the  almost  immediate 
reduction  of  the  colonies  on  the  Delaware,  and  Sir 
Robert  Carre  assumed  command  of  affairs,  with  the 
seat  of  government  at  New  Amstel,  or  New  Castle, 
as  it  is  now  called. 

As  soon  as  the  whole  country  was  brought  under 
subjection  to  the  English,  Colonel  Nicolls  assumed 
control  of  the  government  as  Deputy,  and  governed 
the  province  for  nearly  three  years  "with  justice  and 
good  sense,"  as  it  is  written  of  him.  In  the  mean 
time,  Sir  Robert  Carre  remained  in  charge  of  the 
government  on  the  Delaware. 

Among  the  ordinances  promulgated  on  June  14, 
1671,  was  the  following:  "That  constables  be  ap- 
pointed to  keep  the  King's  peace,  who  shall  have 
staves  with  the  King's  arms  upon  them  as  practised 
iri  the  rest  of  His  Royal  Highness's  dominions." 
In  1672  the  office  of  Schout  was  converted  into  a 
Shrievalty. 

The  duties  of  this  officer  then  were  about  the  same 
as  those  of  the  present  day,  and,  among  other  things, 
he  was,  "  by  himself  or  deputies,  to  execute  all  the 
magistrate's  judgments,  and  not  discharge  any  one, 
except  by  advice  of  the  Court ;  he  shall  also  take 
good  care  that  the  places  under  his  charge  shall  be 
cleansed  of  all  mobs,  gamblers,  houses  of  ill-fame 
and  such  like  impurities."  His  remuneration  was 
one-half  of  all  civil  fines  accruing  during  his  term 
of  office,  and  one-third  of  what  belonged  to  the  sev- 
eral villages  from  the  criminal  cases. 

On  September  25,  1676,  the  Duke  of  York's 
laws  were  formally  promulgated.  Under  them  the 
constables  were  charged  with  the  maintenance  of  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  9 

peace,  and  good  order  in  their  several  towns,  and  their 
duties  were  similar  to  those  of  our  present  police, 
together  with  many  others  which  do  not  fall  to  the 
lot  of  our  modern  officers.  For  example,  it  was 
laid  down  that  "  the  constable  shall  whip  or  punish 
any  one  to  be  punished  by  Order  of  Authority  when 
there  is  not  any  other  officer  appointed  to  do  it,  in 
their  own  Towns,  unless  they  can  get  another  person 
to  do  it"  It  was  also  provided  that  any  and  every 
person  tendered  to  any  constable  of  the  Government, 
by  any  other  constable  or  other  officer  belonging  to 
any  jurist  ction  within  the  Government,  or  as  war- 
rant from  any  justice,  should  be  presently  received, 
and  conveyed  forthwith  from  constable  to  constable 
till  he  be  brought  to  the  place  to  which  he  was  sent, 
or  before  some  Justice  of  the  Peace,  who  should  dis- 
pose of  him  as  the  justice  of  the  cause  should  re- 
quire. The  law  goes  on  to  state  that : 

"All  Hue  and  Cryes  shall  be  duly  received  and  diligently  pur- 
sued to  full  effect,  and  where  no  Justice  of  the  Peace  is  near,  every 
constable  shall  have  full  power  to  make,  Sign  and  put  forth  pur- 
suits, or  Hue  and  Cryes,  after  Murtherers,  Man  Slayers,  Theves, 
Robbers,  Burglurers,  and  other  Capitall  Offenders, .as  also  to 
Apprehend,  without  warrant,  such  as  are  overtaken  with  Drink, 
Swearing,  Sabbath  breaking,  Vagrant  persons,  or  night  walkers, 
provided  they  be  taken  in  the  manner,  either  by  the  Sight  of  the 
Constable,  or  by  present  information  from  others,  As  also  to  make 
search  for  all  Such  Persons,  either  on  the  Sabbath  Day  or  other, 
when  there  shall  be  Occasion,  in  all  Houses  Licensed  to  sell  either 
Beer  or  Wine,  or  any  other  Suspected  or  Disordered  places,  and 
those  to  Apprehend  and  Keep  in  Safe  Custody,  till  opportunity 
Serves  to  bring  them  before  the  Next  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
further  Examination,  Provided  that  when  any  Constable  is  Em- 
ployed by  any  Justice  for  apprehending  of  any  person  he  shall  not 
do  it  without  a  warrant  in  writing." 


I0  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

If  any  persons  refused  to  assist  any  constable  in 
the  execution  of  his  office,  they  were  liable  to  pay  a 
fine  of  ten  shillings,  to  the  use  of  the  town,  to  which 
the  constable  belonged  ;  and  if  it  appeared  by  good 
testimony  that  any  should  wilfully  or  contemptu- 
ously refuse,  or  neglect,  to  assist  any  constable  he 
should  pay  forty  shillings.  That  no  one  might  plead 
ignorance  for  such  neglect  or  refusal,  every  constable 
was  required  to  have  a  staff  of  about  six  feet  long, 
with  the  arms  of  the  King  on  it  as  a  badge  of  his 
office — a  mixture  of  emblem  and  implement  which 
survives  to-day  in  the  title  of  tip-staff,  borne  by 
certain  officers  of  the  Common  Pleas.  The  con- 
stable and  two  overseers  were  permitted  to  take 
bail  for  any  person  arrested  within  their  precincts,  if 
not  committed  by  special  warrant. 

The  constables,  similarly  to  the  magistrate's  con- 
stables of  to-day,  were  chosen  in  all  towns  upon  the 
first  day  of  April,  yearly,  by  a  plurality  of  the  votes 
of  the  freeholders,  but  in  an  emergency,  such  as 
when  their  number  was  deemed  insufficient  to 
properly  care  for  the  public  peace,  the  court  could 
appoint,  as  is  seen  from  the  records  of  the  Upland 
Court,  where  the  following  order  was  made  on 
October  13,  1680  : 

"  Whereas  the  Court  finds  itt  necessary  for  the  due  preserving  of 
ye  peace  of  Or.  Souerayne  Lord  ye  King,  &  ye  hinderance  of  all 
attempts  against  ye  same,  that  one  other  Constable  more  bee 
made  and  authorized  to  officiate  between  the  Schuyl  Kill  and 
Nieshambenies  Kill  (Neshaminy).  It  was  therefore  this  day  or- 
dered &  resolved,  and  Mr.  Erik  Cock  was  nominated  &  sworne 
as  Constable  for  one  yeare  or  till  another  bee  put  in  his  place." 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  that  when  the  Quakers 


PAST  AND  PRESENT,  H 

came  they  found  by  no  means  a  virgin  soil  on  which 
to  plant  the  doctrines  of  Fox. 

'Notwithstanding  the  many  and  onerous  duties  of 
a  constable  in  the  olden  time,  the  perquisites  of  his 
office  were  not  great.  For  collecting  the  assess- 
ments, amercements  and  fines,  and  paying  them 
in  to  the  high  constable,  he  received  one  shilling  in 
the  pound ;  for  attachments,  or  apprizements  of 
goods,  he  had  two  pence  per  pound,  and  for  assist- 
ing upon  common  action — the  plaintiff  to  pay  his  fee 
—he  was  allowed  is.  6d.  But  the  law  provided  that: 
"  No  fees  are  to  be  paid  for  executing  of  speciall 
warrants  or  apprehending  Criminal  or  Capitall  of- 
fenders, but  are  to  be  done  Ex  offiso."  In  case  the 
emoluments  of  the  office  were  not  sufficiently  tempt- 
ing to  make  a  newly  elected  constable  desirous  of 
performing  his  duties,  he  was  incontinently  fined  for 
his  dereliction,  the  law  providing  :  "That  whosoever 
(being  duly  elected)  shall  refuse  to  serve  in  the 
office  of  a  Constable,  hee  shall  forfeite  for  his 
refusall  the  summe  of  five  pounds  towards  defraying 
of  Towne  Charges." 

At  Westminster,  on  January  5,  1681,  the  charter 
now  in  the  capitol  at  Harrisburg  was  issued,  consti- 
tuting William  Penn  absolute  proprietor  of  all  that 
tract  of  land  contained  within  the  present  limits  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  investing  him  with  the  power 
of  government  therein  :  making  him  substantially 
independent  of  the  royal  authority.  The  grant 
covered  : 

"  the  tract  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Delaware  River,  from 
twelve  miles  distance  northward  of  New  Castle  town  unto  the 
three-and-fortieth  degree  of  north  latitude,  if  the  said  river  doth 


12  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

extend  so  far  northward  :  if  not,  then  by  the  said  river  as  far  as  it 
does  extend "  (which  shows  how  little  was  then  known  of  the 
topography  of  our  country),  "  and  from  the  head  of  the  river,  the 
eastern  bounds  are  to  be  determined  by  a  meridian  line  drawn 
from  the  head  of  the  river,  unto  the  said  forty-third  degree." 

It  was  to  extend  westward  five  degrees  in  longi- 
tude   from    the    eastern   bounds.       It  gave   him  all 


WILLIAM     PENN. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 


property  in  the  lands  and  waters,  the  woods  and 
mines,  and  all  fish  ;  authority  to  make  laws  for  the 
raising  of  money,  with  the  consent  of  the  greater  part 
of  the  freemen  or  their  delegates  ;  power  to  appoint 
officers,  pardon  crimes,  constitute  courts,  and  nomi- 
nate judges  to  maintain  the  laws  of  England  and 
the  Province  ;  authority  to  lay  out  towns,  cities  and 
counties  ;  to  make  fairs  and  markets,  sea-ports  and 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  1<3 

harbors  ;  to  impose  custom  duties  ;  to  punish  sav- 
ages, pirates  and  robbers  ;  to  raise  militia  ^nd  make 
war  against  enemies  by  sea  or  robbers  by  land  ;  to 
put  his  prisoners  to  death  or  to  save  them,  accord- 
ing to  the  laws  of  war  ;  to  dispose  of  lands,  erect 
manors,  with  power  to  hold  courts-baron  and  hold 
view  of  frankpledge.  The  king  agreed  not  to  levy 
taxes,  without  consent  of  the  proprietary,  or  chief 
governor,  or  of  act  of  Parliament  in  England ;  and 
that  whenever  twenty  inhabitants  should  signify 
their  desire,  the  bishop  of  London  might  send  them 
a  preacher  or  preachers.  For  all  this,  Penn  was  to 
send  two  beaver  skins  annually  to  the  castle  at 
Windsor  in  token  of  fealty. 

"  I  took  charge,"  said  Penn,  "of  the  Province  for 
the  Lord's  sake  ;  to  raise  a  people  who  shall  be  a 
praise  in  the  earth  for  conduct,  as  well  as  for  civil  and 
religious  liberty  ;  to  afford  an  asylum  to  the  good 
and  oppressed  of  every  nation  ;  to  frame  a  govern- 
ment which  may  be  an  example  ;  and  to  show  men  as 
free  and  happy  as  they  can  be.  I  have  also  kind 
views  towards  the  Indians." 

On  the  loth  of  April,  1681,  Penn  issued  a  com- 
mission to  William  Markham,  his  cousin,  as  deputy 
governor,  to  whom  he  gave  instructions  on  his 
arrival  to  call  a  council  of  nine,  he  to  preside  ;  to  send 
his  letter  to  the  inhabitants  and  take  their  acknowl- 
edgment of  his  authority  ;  to  settle  boundaries  ;  to 
survey,  sell  or  rent  lands  ;  to  erect  courts  and  ap- 
point officers  ;  to  call  to  his  aid  any  of  the  inhabi- 
tants ;  to  suppress  tumults,  make  ordinances,  or  any- 
thing else  needed,  except  making  laws.  Markham 


14  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

arrived  at  New  York  on  the  2ist  day  of  June,  and, 
shortly  after  his  arrival,  came  to  Philadelphia. 

In  the  mean  while,  laws  were  prepared  in  England, 
which  were  afterward  presented  to  the  General  As- 
sembly of  Pennsylvania  at  its  first  meeting  and  sub- 
stantially adopted.  Elections  were  to  be  free.  A 
bribe  forfeited  the  vote  and  the  right  of  office  of  the 
one  who  offered  it.  Contributions  could  only  be 
raised  by  public  tax  according  to  laws  made. 
Courts  were  to  be  open,  and  free  to  every  one  to 
plead  his  own  cause.  Process  was  to  be  regulated 
by  complaint  in  court  fourteen  days  before  trial, 
with  summons  ten  days  before.  Pleadings  to  be 
short  and  in  English  ;  trials  by  juries  of  twelve  men ; 
indictments  by  the  finding  of  a  grand  jury  of  twenty- 
four.  Moderate  legal  fees  were  provided  for. 

There  were  established  a  prison  and  workhouse  in 
each  caunty  ;  bail  for  offences  less  than  capital,  and 
double  damages  for  wrong  imprisonment.  Lands 
and  goods  were  liable  to  pay  debts,  except  when 
there  was  legal  issue,  and  then  all  the  goods  and 
one-third  of  the  land  only.  Wills  in  writing,  with 
two  witnesses,  were  valid.  Briberies  and  extortions 
were  to  be  punished  ;  marriages  encouraged,  parents 
or  guardians  being  first  consulted.  Defacers  or  cor- 
rupters  of  charters,  deeds  or  other  securities  were  to 
be  punished.  Births,  marriages,  burials,  wills  and 
letters  of  administration  were  to  be  registered.  The 
lands  and  goods  of  felons  were  subject  to  make 
double  satisfaction  to  the  party  wronged,  and  in  case 
of  the  want  of  lands  and  goods  the  felons  were  to 
be  bondmen,  to  work  in  prison  or  workhouse,  or 
otherwise,  until  the  wronged  party  was  satisfied. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  !5 

Estates  of  traitors  and  murderers  were  to  go  one- 
third  to  next  of  kin  of  the  sufferer,  and  the  remain- 
der to  next  of  kin  of  the  criminal.  Witnesses  were 
to  be  protected,  and  allowed  to  testify  upon  their 
solemn  promise  to  speak  the  truth.  In  case  of 
perjury,  the  false  witness  was  to  suffer  the  same 


(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

penalty  or  punishment  that  would  have  been  under- 
gone by  the  person  against  whom  the  false  testimony 
was  given.  Besides  the  ordinary  crimes,  the  fol- 
lowing were  to  be  punished  :  "  Lying,  drinking  of 
healths,  prizes,  stage-plays,  cards,  dice,  May  games, 
masks,  revels,  bull-baitings,  cock-fightings  and  the 
like,  which  excite  the  people  to  rudeness,  cruelty, 
looseness  and  irreligion." 


i6 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


These  laws  were  hung  up  in  the  Provincial  Coun- 
cil chamber,  the  General  Assembly  and  Courts  of 
Justice,  and  read  once  a  year. 

Penn  appointed,  on  April  18,  1682,  Thomas 
Holme  as  surveyor-general,  which  was  a  very  impor- 
tant office,  and  John  Claypole  as  assistant.  They 


LANDING  OF  WILLIAM  PENN  AT  CHESTER. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

sailed  for  the  new  province  on  the  23d  of  the  same 
month. 

Penn  arrived  at  New  Castle  October  27,  1682. 
Two  days  later  he  proceeded  up  the  river,  stopping 
at  Upland,  when  its  name  was  changed  to  Chester ; 
and  in  a  few  days  he  sailed  up  to  the  new  city,  and 
landed  from  a  boat  at  the  mouth  of  Dock  Creek, 
where  George  Guest  had  built  a  house,  which  was 
long  afterward  known  as  the  Blue  Anchor  Tavern. 

The  name  of  "  Philadelphia,"  importing  in  its  origi- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  I? 

nal  Greek  brotherly  love,  was  bestowed  by  Penn  soon 
after  his  landing.  In  the „ records  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  is  found  the  following  brief  and  common- 
place record  of  the  dawn  of  colonial  history  :  "  At 
a  monthly  meeting  the  8th  of  gth  month,  1682.  At 
this  time  Governor  William  Penn  and  a  multitude 
of  Friends  arrived  here  and  erected  a  city,  called 
Philadelphia,  about  half  a  mile  from  Shakamaxon, 
where  meetings,  etc.,  were  established."  Penn  once 
referred  to  his  city  in  the  following  terms  :  "  And 
thou,  Philadelphia, — the  virgin  settlement,  named 
before  thou  wert  born,  what  love,  what  care,  what 
service,  and  what  travail  has  there  been  to  bring 
thee  forth,  and  preserve  thee  from  such  as  would 
abuse  and  defile  thee ;  I  long  to  be  with  you." 

When  Penn  arrived,  not  over  twenty  houses  and 
a  few  wigwams  were  to  be  found  within  the  entire 
limits  of  what  is  now  Philadelphia  County,  and  there 
were  probably  not  more  than  3500  white  people  in 
the  province  and  territory  on  the  eastern  bank  of 
the  Delaware,  from  Trenton  to  Salem.  Of  the  one 
or  two  hundred  persons  at  Philadelphia,  but  few  had 
the  means  of  erecting  houses,  so  that  the  majority 
spent  the  winter  in  caves  dug  under  the  high  bluff 
on  the  river  front,  between  Valley  (now  Vine)  and 
Pool  (Walnut)  streets.  The  young  city  thrived  won- 
derfully, and  in  the  course  of  a  year  from  Penn's 
landing  it  was  estimated  it  contained  over  eighty 
dwelling  houses  and  over  500  inhabitants.  In  170x3 
there  were  700  houses  and  4500  inhabitants.  . 

Among  Penn's  first  acts  after  his  arrival  was  the 
appointment  of  sheriffs,  and  officers  subordinate  to 
them  in  each  county,  and  to  issue  writs  for  the  elec- 


jg  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

tion  of  members  of  the  Provincial  Council.  The 
Council  met  in  Philadelphia  March  10,  1683.  The 
Assembly  consisted  of  nine  delegates  from  each  of 
the  six  counties,  who  met  two  days  later.  John 
Tost  was  the  first  sheriff  of  Philadelphia  County. 

The  Proprietary  and  Provincial  Council  exercised 
supreme  authority  for  the  correction  of  errors  over 
the  Civil  Courts,  and  compelled  them  to  keep  within 
their  jurisdiction.  Thus,  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  Philadelphia  was  fined  forty  pounds  for 
having  tried  and  given  judgment  in  a  land  case  aris- 
ing upon  a  title  for  ground  in  Bucks  County. 
The  Council  also  took  a  hand  occasionally  in  exer- 
cising judicial  functions.  Charles  Pickering,  a  lawyer, 
and  two  other  men,  were  accused  of  counterfeiting 
Spanish  pieces,  for  which  they  were  brought  before 
the  Governor  and  Council,  and  after  a  long  trial  were 
found  guilty.  From  the  sentences  imposed,  however, 
the  crime  could  not  have  been  rated  as  a  very  grave 
offence.  The  sentence  of  Pickering,  pronounced  by 
the  Governor,  was  as  follows  : 

"  The  Court  hath  sentenced  thee  for  this  high  misdemeanor 
whereof  thou  hast  been  found  guilty  by  the  Country,  that  thou 
make  full  satisfaction  in  good  and  current  pay  to  Every  Person  that 
shall  within  ye  space  of  one  month  bring  in  any  of  this  false,  Base, 
and  Counterfeit  Coyne,  (which  will  to-morrow  by  Proclamation  be 
called  in),  according  to  their  respective  proportions,  and  that  the 
money  brought  in  shall  be  melted  into  gross  before  returned  to 
thee  ;  and  that  thou  shalt  pay  a  fine  of  forty  pounds  into  this 
Court,  toward  ye  Building  of  a  Court  house  in  this  Towne  and 
stand  committed  till  payd,  and  afterwards  find  security  for  thy 
good  abearance." 

Samuel  Buckley,  who  was  found  guilty  of  com- 
plicity with  Pickering,  fared  even  more  easily.  His 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  Tg 

sentence  was,  "  The  Court  considering  thee  to  have 
been  more  ingenious  (candid)  than  he  that  went 
before  thee,  hath  thought  fitt  to  fine  thee,  and  doe 
fine  thee,  tenn  pounds,  towards  a  public  Courthouse 
here,  and  to  finde  security  for  thy  good  abearance." 

To  the  third  and  last  culprit  the  Court,  in  language 
which  showed  that  it  fully  appreciated  its  own  mag- 
nanimity, said  :  "  The  Court  having  also  considered 
thy  Ingenuity,  (?>.,  ingenuousness)  in  confessing  the 
truth  of  matters,  and  that  thou  art  a  servant,  hath 
only  sentenced  thee  to  sitt  an  hour  in  the  stocks  to- 
morrow morning."  Small  aid  or  comfort  would  the 
Secret  Service  men  of  to-day  find  in  such  sentences 
as  these. 

The  Council  was  very  jealous  of  its  dignity,  and 
took  prompt  and  decided  measures  in  any  matter 
that  seemed  to  show  want  of  proper  respect  for  it. 
Anthony  Weston,  an  unlucky  wight,  seems  to  have 
offered  a  paper  to  the  Council,  which  was  deemed 
disrespectful.  The  minutes  of  the  Council  state 
that  "  the  proposal  of  Anto.  W7eston  with  ye  rest  of 
ye  Persons'  names  thereunto  subscribed,  was  read  : 
and  the  Governor  proposes  which  way  to  punish  him, 
and  they  thought  the  best  way  was  to  have  him 
Whypt." 

Weston  was  heard  in  his  own  behalf  to  purge  him- 
self of  the  contempt,  but  "  the  Governor  and  Provin- 
cial Council  thought  that,  for  the  great  presumption 
and  Contempt  of  this  Government  and  authority, 
that  Anto.  Weston  be  Whypt  at  ye  market  place 
on  market  days  three  times,  each  time  to  have  tenn 
lashes,  at  12  of  the  clock  at  noone,  this  being  ye 
first  day." 


20 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


After  spending  nearly  ten  years  in  establishing  the 
government  and  laying  out  the  city,  Penn  felt  desir- 
ous of  returning  to  England.  His  visit  was  intended 
to  be  of  short  duration,  but  the  course  of  events  did 
not  run  smoothly  for  him  in  England,  and  his  return 
to  this  country  was  delayed  for  seventeen  years. 

The  first  notice  of  the  necessity  of  establishing  a 
watch  occurs  in  the  year  1684,  when  by  order  of 


LANDING   OK  WILLIAM  PENN  AT  BLUE  ANCHOR  INN. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

the  Council  it  was  recommended  "to  ye  Justices  of 
this  towne,  to  take  care  of  the  same."  There  may 
be  no  connection  between  the  two,  but  it  is  a  coinci- 
dence that  about  the  same  time  a  letter  was  re- 
ceived from  Penn  directed  to  the  magistrates  of  Phil- 
adelphia, stating  that  "  there  is  a  cry  come  over 
unto  these  parts  against  the  number  of  drinking 
houses  and  looseness  that  is  committed  in  the  caves. 
I  am  prest  in  my  spirit,"  says  the  good  Proprietary, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  21 

"  being  very  apt  to  believe  too  many  disorders  in 
that  respect,  stricktly  to  require  that  speedy  and  ef- 
fectual care  be  taken,  to  reduce  ye  number  of  ordi- 
naries, or  drinking  houses,  and  yt  without  respect 
to  persons,  such  are  continued  that  are  most  tender 
of  God's  glory  and  ye  reputation  of  ye  Government, 
and  that  all  others  presuming  to  sell  be  punished 
according  to  law."  It  may  be  presumed  that  this 
appeal  brought  good  results,  as  it  is  related  that, 
after  nine  at  night,  the  officers  go  the  Rounds,  and 
no  person,  without  very  good  cause,  was  suffered  to 
be  at  any  "publick  house  that  is  not  a  lodger." 

The  Council  at  this  time  tried  the  experiment  of 
uniting  the  duties  of  prosecuting  attorney  with  those 
of  sheriff  ;  and  Samuel  Hersent,  the  sheriff  of  Phila- 
delphia, was  empowered  to  prosecute  all  offenders 
against  the  penal  laws  of  the  province.  It  did  not 
take  long,  however,  to  discover  that  the  plan  was 
not  practicable,  and  it  was  afterwards  considered  that 
this  mingling  of  the  duties  of  sheriff  and  prosecut- 
ing attorney,  "  in  the  same  court  in  which  he  was 
sheriff,"  was  not  in  accord  with  the  fitness  of  things  ; 
and  the  authority  was  withdrawn. 

As  early  as  1683  a  place  for  the  confinement  of 
evil-doers  was  found  necessary,  and  William  Clayton 
was  ordered  "to  build  a  Cage  against  next  Councill 
day  7  foot  high,  7  foot  long  and  5  foot  broad." 
This  small  building  was  soon  found  to  be  insufficient, 
and  Lacy  Cock  undertook  to  build  a  log  house  for 
jail  purposes,  on  the  west  side  of  Second  Street, 
north  of  High  Street,  which  is  the  Market  Street  of 
to-day,  for  which  he  was  to  have  ^60.  When  it  was 
finished,  however,  it  was  not  thought  suitable,  and  a 


22 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


house  belonging  to  Patrick  Robinson  was  hired 
instead.  In  1685  the  sheriff  declared  in  Court  that 
this  building  was  sufficient,  and  that,  with  fetters  and 
chains,  and  the  attendance  of  himself  and  his  dep- 
uties, he  would  not  blame  the  County  for  any  es- 
capes, for  want  of  a  sufficient  jail.  On  the  strength 
of  this  statement  it  was  resolved  that  the  rent  to 
Patrick  Robinson  should  then  begin. 


THE    SWEDES'    CHURCH    AND  HOUSE    OF    SVEN    SENER. 
(From  Watson's  "Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

The  location  of  this  house,  used  for  a  prison,  is 
not  exactly  known,  but  it  is  supposed  to  have  been 
either  on  the  west  side  of  Front  Street,  or  on  the 
east  side  of  Second,  below  Walnut,  or  on  the  west 
side  of  Second  Street,  below  Chestnut. 

In  1685  tne  need  of  a  public  prison  was  brought 
before  the  Quarter  Sessions,  and  estimates  were 
made  of  the  cost  of  building  a  house  twenty  feet 
long,  and  fourteen  broad,  two  stories  high,  of  "  brick, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  23 

sand  and  stone,"  and  the  whole  not  to  cost  more 
than  ^140.  This  structure  was  not  erected  at  that 
time,  as  in  the  next  year  the  grand  jury  presented 
the  want  of  a  public  prison,  the  hired  prison  being 
then  in  use.  It  was  between  the  years  1686  and 
1700  that  the  first  public  prison  was  built,  in  the 
middle  of  Market  Street,  east  of  Second.  The  wide 
area  of  Market  Street,  from  the  prison  to  Front 


TREATV    TREE. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 


Street,  was  then  a  grassy  common,  on  which  the 
town  butcher  kept  his  sheep  at  pasture,  previously  to 
their  being  slaughtered,  and  exposed  for  sale  on  a 
movable  stand,  which  was  placed  there  on  market 
days. 

An  incident  is  related,  to  show  the  simplicity  of 
the  obliging  jailers  in  those  early  days.  William 
Bradford,  the  printer,  and  John  Macomb  were  impli- 
cated in  the  quarrels  of  George  Keith  with  the 


24  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Friends,  in  1692,  and  were  sent  to  prison  for  refus- 
ing to  give  security.  The  jailer,  Patrick  Robinson, 
after  some  time  granted  them  "  the  favor  to  go  home," 
and  as  they  were  still  prisoners,  when  they  wished  to 
petition  for  their  trial  at  the  next  sessions,  they  went 
to  the  prison  to  write  and  sign  it  there ;  but  it  hap- 
pened that  the  jailer  was  gone  abroad  and  had  the 
key  with  him.  So,  as  they  could  not  get  in,  they 


HIGH  STREET  PRISON  AND  MARKET  SHAMBLES. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

signed  that  paper  in  the  entry  or  porch.  In  the 
latter  years  of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  good 
people  of  Philadelphia  seem  to  have  amassed  quite 
a  list  of  local  grievances,  and  a  petition  was  prepared 
to  the  Governor  and  Provincial  Council,  who  were 
then  sitting,  which  bore  the  signatures  of  the  most 
prominent  and  influential  citizens.  Among  other 
things  it  contained  : 

"  Wee  also  Considering  that  theyr  is  now  many  ordinaries  and 
tipling  houses  in  this  town   of  Philidelfia  kept  by  several  as  are 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 

o 

not  well  qualified  for  such  undertakings,  tending  to  debauchery  and 
Corrupting  of  youth,  wee  request  you  that  only  sober,  honest, 
conscientious  persons  bee  suffered  to  keep  such  houses,  and  that 
all  occasions  tending  to  corrupt  youth  or  others  may  be  taken 
away,  according  to  the  article  of  our  charter  from  our  Proprietor. 
Also  wee  request  that  sum  place  may  bee  provided  (as  stocks  or 
cage)  to  put  drunkards,  or  other  violators  of  the  good  lawes  of  Eng- 
land and  of  this  province,  in,  being  taken  up  by  the  watch  and 
Constables,  to  avoid  being  Carried  to  prisoiv.for  such  Misde- 
meanors of  such  moment,  that  unnecessary  fees  may  be  avoided." 

At  this  time  there  had  been  established  a  watch, 
but  its  duties  were  confined  to  the  daytime  only,  as 
it  was  not  until  several  years  afterwards  that  any 
provision  was  made  for  a  nightly  watch.  They  also 
asked,  "  That  theyr  may  bee  a  check  to  horse  rac- 
ing, which  begets  swearing,  blaspheming  God's  holy 
name,  drawing  youth  to  vanity,  making  such  noises 
and  public  shouting  and  uncivil  riding  in  the  streets." 

Not  long  before  the  deplorable  state  of  affairs 
complained  of  in  this  petition,  a  grand  jury  in  one 
of  its  presentments  called  the  attention  of  the  Court 
to  "  ye  Great  rudeness  and  wildness  of  ye  youth  and 
Children  in  ye  town  of  Philadelfia.  That  they  dayly 
appeare  up  and  clown  ye  streets,  gaming  and  playing 
for  money,"  etc.  The  same  year  a  grand  jury  dep- 
recated the  custom  common  at  that  time,  of  firing 
guns  in  salute  of  ships  arriving  in  the  river.  On 
one  occasion  a  vessel  arrived  on  Sunday,  and  the 
nuisance  of  firing  seems  to  have  particularly  affected 
the  Swedes,  the  majority  of  the  names  signed  to  the 
presentment  of  the  grand  jury  being  Swedish. 

The  records  of  this  time  are  full  of  references  to 
pirates  and  their  nefarious  trade,  and  Pennsylvania 
was  reported  to  have  become  "  ye  greatest  Refuge 


26  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  shelter  for  Pirates  and  Rogues  in  America." 
As  showing  the  lax  nature  of  prison  discipline  of  those 
times  the  following  is  apropos.  In  1699  Isaac  Norris, 
writing  from  Philadelphia  to  Jonathan  Dickinson, 
said  :  "  We  have  four  men  in  prison,  taken  up  as 
Pirates,  supposed  to  be  Kidd's  men.  Shelley  of  York 
has  brought  to  these  parts  scores  of  them,  and  there 
is  a  sharp  looking  out  to  take  them.  We  have  various 
reports  of  their  riches  and  money  hid  between  this 
and  the  capes."  The  same  year  two  of  these  men 
were  reported  to  be  wandering  at  large  about  the 
streets  of  Philadelphia.  The  Governor  of  the  jail 
was  sent  for  by  the  Council,  and  questioned  about 
the  matter.  The  Governor  was  aggrieved  when  he 
learned  the  nature  of  the  complaint  against  him,  and 
indignantly  responded  :  "  They  never  go  out  with- 
out my  leave  and  a  keeper!"  he  said,  ''which  I 
think  may  be  allowed  in  hot  weather." 

In  1700,  the  prison  which  these  'pirates'  had 
most  likely  occupied  when  not  out  for  exercise 
"  with  leave,"  appears  to  have  been  considered  a 
nuisance,  and  on  the  loth  of  July  we  find  the  fol- 
lowing minute  in  relation  to  it : 

The  inconvenience  of  the  gaoles  standing  where  it  now  does, 
and  the  removal  thereof  to  the  place  purchased  for  ye  same  in 
Third  street,  being  moved  to  the  Gov'r  and  Council.  After  some 
debate  yrupon,  the  Gov'r  and  Council  appointed  Edward  Shippen 
and  William  Clark  to  go  to  ye  inhabitants  adjacent  to  ye  prison, 
and  to  see  what  they  and  others  will  advance  beforehand  (to  be 
deducted  outt  of  the  next  County  tax  to  be  laid  for  building  a 
Court-house)  towards  removing  ye  said  gaol  and  brick  wall. 

From  which  it  appears  that  our  ancestors  were  in- 
clined to  be  forehanded  in  their  management  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  27 

public  affairs ;  if  a  public  nuisance  was  to  be 
removed,  it  was  well  to  see  what  those  who  were 
immediately  affected  by  it,  were  willing  to  do  to- 
wards its  abatement. 

As  we  have  seen,  the  city,  up  to  the  year  1 700,  was 
unguarded  in  the  night  time.  On  July  i  of  that 
year  the  first  order  was  made  by  the  Council  estab- 
lishing a  nightly  watch,  as  shown  in  the  following 
minute  of  the  record  : 

It  was  unanimouslie  agreed  and  assented  tc  by  ye  Gov'r  and 

Council  that be  appointed,  and  is  hereby  authorized 

and  empowered  to  go  round  ye  town  with  a  small  bell  in  ye  night 
time,  to  give  notice  of  ye  time  of  the  night  and  the  weather,  and 
if  anie  disorders  or  danger  happen  by  fire  or  otherwise  in  the 
night  time  to  acquaint  the  constables  thereof. 

How  such  a  watchman,  with  his  clanging  little 
bell  to  disturb  our  slumbers  and  impart  the  informa- 
tion of  the  time  of  night  and  state  of  the  weather, 
would  be  received  in  our  time,  may  easily  be  im- 
agined. His  bell,  no  doubt,  also  served  as  a  timely 
warning  to  any  marauders  on  evil  designs  intent. 
But  from  such  a  primitive  beginning  has  developed 
our  perfect  system  of  "ward  and  watch  in  the  night 
time,"  of  the  city  of  the  present  day. 


2g  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER    II. 

WATCHMEN  IN   THE  OLDEN  TIME. 
(1700—1797.) 

REPORTS  OF  THE  LOW  STATE  OF  MORALS  IN  PHILADELPHIA 
CALL  FORTH  A  LETTER  FROM  PENN. — THE  COUN- 
CIL'S REPLY  OF  CONFESSION  AND  AVOIDANCE. — PENN'S 
SECOND  VISIT. — A  GRAND  JURY'S  PRESENTMENT  ON 
THE  MORALS  OF  THE  TIMES  (l/O2). — GOVERNOR  EVANS* 
MILITIA. — AFFRAY  OF  WILLIAM  PENN,  JUNIOR,  AND 
GOVERNOR  EVANS  WITH  THE  WATCH. — A  NIGHT 
PATROL  OF  CITIZENS  TO  ACT  AS  WATCHMEN  ESTAB- 
LISHED (1705). — NEW  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  CITY 
WATCH. — CITIZENS  FINED  FOR  REFUSING  TO  ACT 
AS  CONSTABLES  AND  WATCHMEN. — INSTRUCTIONS  TO 
A  CONSTABLE  DEFINING  HIS  DUTIES  AS  CAPTAIN  OF 
THE  WATCH  (1722). — ANEW  ORDER  OF  THINGS  SUG- 
GESTED BY  THE  GRAND  JURY  (1742). — THE  ACT  OF 
1751,  FOR  LIGHTING  THE  STREETS  AND  REGULATING 
THE  NIGHTLY  WATCH. — THE  FIRST  REGULARLY  SALA- 
RIED POLICE  FORCE  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — REGULATIONS 
PRESCRIBED  FOR  THE  CONSTABLES  AND  WATCHMEN. 
—PENALTIES  FOR  SMASHING  THE  CITY'S  NEW  LAMPS. 
—WATCH-BOXES  IN  THE  OLDEN  TIME. — THE  WATCH- 
MEN'S CRY.— THEIR  EARLY  TRIALS.— ''  OLD  "  CARLISLE 
AND  "JIM"  WEST. — SINGULAR  DUTIES  OF  THE  EARLY 
MAYORS. — WATCH-HOUSES.— SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE 
WATCH  APPOINTED  (1797) 

DURING  several  years  prior  to  the  return  of  Penn 
from   England,    and    again   assuming  control  of  his 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


29 


long  neglected  Province,  the  people  thereof  seem  to 
have  relapsed  into  ways  of  worldliness,  and  been  the 
cause  of  much  uneasiness  to  their  worthy  Proprietary. 
A  general  apathy  seems  to  have  fallen  upon  the 
government  in  chapge,  and  a  carelessness  in  the 
preservation  of  the  records  of  its  business.  The 
enemies  of  the  administration  were  not,  however,  so 
apathetic  as  those  in  charge  of  the  governmental 


PENN'S    COTTAGE    IN    LJET1TIA    COURT. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia,") 

affairs,  and  prompted  by  jealousy  and  revenge  for 
supposed  private  wrongs,  harassed  the  absent  Pro- 
prietary with  defamatory  accounts  of  the  condition  of 
the  government,  and  the  low  state  of  society  in  the 
Province,  especially  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

These  reports  served  to  strengthen  the  suspicions 
of  Penn,  already  aroused  by  previous  events,  that 
pernicious  practices  and  crime  had  obtained  a  solid 
foothold  in  Philadelphia  during  his  sojourn  in  Eng- 


3o  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

land.  He,  therefore,  on  September  5,  1697,  indited 
a  letter  to  Governor  Markham%  with  explicit  in- 
structions that  the  same  should  be  opened  and  read 
by  him  in  a  full  meeting  of  the  Council,  which,  in 
the  following  February,  was  done.  The  Council 
were  informed  in  plain  terms  that  reports  and  accu- 
sations, tending  to  ruin  and  disgrace,  had  reached 
England,  and  among  other  things,  that  they  had  not 
only  countenanced  but  actually  encouraged  piracy. 
In  regard  to  Philadelphia,  it  had  been  reported  that 
there  was  "  no  place  more  overcome  with  wicked- 
ness, sins  sa  scandalous,  openly  committed,  in  de- 
fiance of  law  and  virtue,"  and,  in  short,  actions  of  so 
bad  a  nature  that  modesty  forbade  their  recital. 

The  Proprietary  commanded  the  Governor  and 
Council  (in  order  to  counteract  these  reports,  and  at 
the  same  time  to  correct  the  alleged  abuses,  if  actu- 
ally existing)  forthwith  to  issue  some  act  of  state,  to 
repress  forbidden  trade  and  piracy,  and  to  prevent 
the  growth  of  vice  and  looseness.  This  was  to  re- 
main in  force  until  some  severer  law  could  be  de- 
vised. In  regard  to  licenses  for  public  houses  in 
Philadelphia,  it  was  commanded,  that  no  person  not 
known  to  be  "  of  a  sober  conversation,"  and  not  ap- 
proved of  by  the  Justice,  of  the  County  Court,  should 
be  granted  license. 

To  this  letter,  after  much  and  serious  deliberation, 
the  Governor  and  Council  formulated  and  sent  a 
reply.  They  met  the  charges  seriatim,  and  in  many 
points  their  defence  was  of  the  nature  of  confession 
and  avoidance.  (<  As  to  Imbracing  of  pirates,"  they 
said, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  3! 

"We  know  of  none  that  has  been  entertained  here  unless  Chin- 
ton  and  Lassell,  with  some  others  of  Avery's  Crew,  that  happened 
for  a  small  time  to  sojourn  in  this  place,  as  they  did  in  some  of 
the  neighboring  Governments;  but  as  soon  as  the  magistrates 
of  Philadelphia  (they  explain)  had  received  but  a  copie  of  the 
Lord  Justice's  proclamation,  got  all  that  were  here  apprehended, 
&  would  have  taken  the  care  and  charge  of  securing  them,  until 
a  Legal  Court  had  been  erected  for  their  trial,  or  an  opportunity 
presented  to  send  them  to  England." 


SHIPPEN'S    HOUSE. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.'1) 

But  before  that  could  be  effected,  the  inconsiderate 
pirates  "broke  gaole "  and  made  their  escape  to 
New  York,  where  "  Hues  &  crys  wersent  after  them," 
and  where  it  may  be  presumed  they  remained,  as  it 
does  not  appear  that  they  were  apprehended  and 
brought  back. 

As  to  the  growth  of  vice,  "we  cannot  but  owne," 
they  said, 

"  As  this  place  hath  growne  more  popular  and  the  people  more 
increased,  Looseness  and  vice  Hath  also  Creept  in,  which  we 


32 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


33 


lament,  altho'  endeavors  have  been  used  to  suppress  it  by  the 
care  and  industry  of  the  magistrates  from  time  to  time,  offenders 
Having  received  deserved  &  exemplary  punishments,  according 
to  law." 

In  their  opinion  there  were  also  too  many  "ordi- 
naries" (drinking  places)  in  the  government,  "  espe- 
ciallie  in  Philadelphia,"  which  was  one  great  cause  of 
the  growth  of  vice,  "  &  makes  the  same  more  diffi- 
cult to  be  supprest  &  keept  under." 

Penn's  second  visit  to  this  country  was  made  in 
1699,  when  he  remained  two  years,  returning  in  the 
month  of  November,  1701.  During  this  second 
visit  he  occupied  the  house  of  Edward  Shippen,  in 
Second  Street,  near  Spruce.  Afterwards  he  removed 
to  the  "slate  roof  house," situated  at  the  corner  of 
Second  Street  and  Norris  Alley  (now  Gothic  Street). 
Some  rather  curious  incidents  are  narrated  of  the 
state  of  the  weather  on  the  several  occasions  upon 
which  Penn  visited  the  young  city.  When  he  first 
came  here — on  a  Sunday — there  was  an  earth- 
quake shock ;  when  he  went  away  there  was  a  ter- 
rific thunder-storm,  and  on  the  day  of  his  second  visit 
there  was  a  fearful  hurricane. 

In  the  year  1701,  William  Pfenn  ordained  "that 
the  landing  places  now  and  heretofore  used  at  the 
Penny  Pot-House  and  Blue  Anchor,  shall  be  left 
open  and  common  for  the  use  of  the  city,"  etc. 

The  landing  appears  to  have  derived  its  name 
from  the  inn  built  there,  which  was  early  famed  for 
its  beer  at  a  penny  a  pot. 

From  a  presentment  made  by  the  grand  jury  in  the 

3 


34 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


PAST  AjSTD  PRESENT.  35 

latter  part  of  1/02,  we  learn  something  further  of  the 
morals  of  the  town  at  that  time.  "  Gentlemen's  sons 
and  servants,"  they  said,  were  too  fond  of  taking 
the  "  licencius  liberty"  of  robbing  orchards  and  com- 
mitting unruly  actions,  "  especially  on  the  first  day  of 
the  week,  commonly  called  the  Lord's  Day  ;  "  and 
also  that  the  community  was  plagued  by  "  the  great 
abuse  and  ill  consequence  "  of  negroes  collecting  in 
crowds  on  the  street,  with  riot  and  disorder.  "  Mul- 
titudes of  dogges  needlessly  kept  in  this  citty " 
caused  great  annoyance  to  the  inhabitants,  "  by  the 
great  loss  of  their  sleepe  and  other  dammages."  The 
safety  of  property  was  imperilled  by  the  erection  of 
stacks  of  hay  and  reeds  in  private  yards  close  to 
dwellings  and  outbuildings,  and  butchers  killed  their 
meat  daily  in  the  street.  John  Sims  was  prosecuted 
by  the  grand  jury  for  keeping  a  disorderly  house,  "  a 
nursery  to  debotch  ye  inhabitants  and  youth  in  this 
city,  and  suffering  masqueraded  persons  in  the  house 
to  dance  and  revall." 

John  Evans,  who  was  then  Governor,  in  order  to 
encourage  enlistments  in  the  militia,  had  promised, 
on  his  own  responsibility,  that  those  who  enlisted 
should  be  exempted  from  watch  duty.  The  min- 
utes of  the  Council  record  of  September  3,  1704, 
show  that  several  complaints  had  been  publicly 
made  "of  great  disorders  lately  committed  within 
ye  Gitty  in  ye  night  season,  to  ye  great  disturbance 
of  ye  sober  inhabitants,  and  ye  encouragement  of 
vice,  by  evil  examples."  Anthony  Morris,  Mayor, 
on  behalf  of  the  Corporation,  complained  of  the  ex- 
emption, or  discouraging  people  from  taking  their 
turns  in  watching  the  City  ;  to  which  the  Governor 


36  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  Council  answered,  that  4t  the  safety  of  the  people 
by  the  maintenance  of  a  militia  was  greater  than 
safety  by  a  watch  and  ward."  The  City  at  this  time 
had  received  its  first  Charter  from  William  Penn, 
— in  1701, — which  vested  the  City  government 
in  a  Mayor,  Recorder,  and  Common  council,  with 
full  power  to  make  whatever  laws  and  ordinances 
thought  to  be  necessary,  and  to  alter  and  revoke 


ARCH    STREET    BRIDGE   ON    FRONT   ST. 

(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

the  same  as  occasion  might  require.  They  were 
empowered  to  admit  new  members  ;  to  expel  any  for 
misconduct  ;  to  supply  all  vacancies  in  cases  of  death 
or  resignations  ;  to  punish  offenders  against  the 
peace  and  good  order  of  the  city  ;  to  hold  courts, 
appoint  markets,  fairs,  etc.,  etc.  Under  this  regula- 
tion, we  are  informed,  that  the  police  was  supported 
with  dignity,  justice  equally  administered,  and, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


37 


"which   is    indispensably  necessary  in  populous  cit- 
ies, subordination  and  decorum  preserved." 

William  Penn,  Junior,  son  of  the  Proprietary, 
about  this  time  came  in  conflict  with  the  Constab- 
ulary and  watch.  It  appears  that  he  and  Governor 
Evans,  Sheriff  Finney,  Thomas  Gray  and  Joseph 
Ralph,  roysterers  all,  were  concerned  in  a  night 
broil  and  affray  at  Enoch  Story's  tavern,  in  Coombs 


SLATE-ROOF    HOUSE-PENN'S    RESIDENCE. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

Alley.  The  Constable,  James  Wood,  and  nignt- 
watchman  James  Dough  entered  the  place  ;  there 
was  a  quarrel  about  Governor  Evans'  militia,  and  the 
argument  ended  in  blows.  Young  Penn  called  for  a 
pistol,  Wood  and  Dough  and  Story  were  beaten, 
when  some  outsiders  came  in,  among  them  Alder- 
man Wilcox,  who  beat  Penn,  afterwards  claiming  as 
an  excuse  that  he  did  not  know  who  he  was.  The 


38  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

party  was  carried  before  the  Mayor,  when  Penn  was 
defiant,  and  was  sharply  lectured.  The  Council 
took  the  matter  up,  making  it  appear  as  if  "  some 
gentleman  "  had  been  greatly  abused  by  the  watch, 
backed  by  the  Mayor,  Recorder  and  Alderman  Wil- 
cox.  Penn  and  his  companions  were  indicted,  but 
were  never  brought  to  trial,  as  the  Governor  forbade 


RENEZET'S    HOUSE    AND    CHESTNUT    STREET    BRIDGE. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

the  trial  by  proclamation.  After  this  incident, 
young  Penn  renounced  the  Quaker  faith  and  prin- 
ciples, which  caused  indignation  among  his  personal 
friends.  They  were,  however,  not  the  only  persons 
who  were  indignant  at  his  behavior  generally.  "  I 
wish  things  had  been  better,"  wrote  Isaac  Norris, 
"  or  that  he  had  never  come."  The  young  man 
soon  after  took  his  departure  from  the  City  of  Broth- 
erly Love. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


39 


In  1705,  by  ordinance  of  the  Common  Council,  the 
people  of  Philadelphia  were  divided  into  ten  patrols, 
and  each  Constable  was  required  "to  bring  in  a 
number,  to  have  an  equal  number  assigned  to  serve 
upon  the  watch,  and  that  nine  persons  besides  the 
constable  attend  the  watch  each  night."  Thus  the 
patrol  was  a  squad  of  ten,  each  division  of  citizens 
contributing  a  patrolman  each  night.  Alderman 
\\  ilcox  and  Recorder  Story  were  ordered  to  draw 
up  an  ordinance  for  the  regulation  of  the  city  watch. 


OLD    COURT-HOUSE    AND    FRIENDS'    MEETING. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

This  was  done,  and  the  new  ordinance  adopted  and 
published.  Governor  Evans  construed  this  act  as  a 
defiance  of  his  militia  proclamation,  and  summoned 
the  Mayor  and  Municipal  officers  before  him. 
They  disclaimed  any  intention  of  contempt,  however, 
and  were  dicharged. 

The  Council  assigned  certain  citizens  to  act  as 
constables  for  a  stated  period,  and  no  distinction  was 
made  in  the  selection  ;  rich  and  poor,  eminent  and 
obscure,  all  were  liable  to  be  designated.  They 


40  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

were  fined  if  they  refused  to  act.  They,  in  turn, 
nominated  or  assigned  who  should  act  as  watchmen. 
The  names  of  such  men  as  Joseph  Shippen,  Abram 
Carpenter,  George  Claypole  and  Henry  Preston 
appear,  in  1 706,  as  having  been  fined  five  pounds  for 
neglect  to  serve  as  Constables  and  Gyles  Green  and 
William  Morris  were  prosecuted  for  not  serving 
their  turn  of  duty  as  watchmen,  when  nominated 
thereto. 

We  have  a  record  of  the  duties  of  the  constables 
who  were  the  principal  officers  of  the  watch,  from  a 
document  of  instructions  to  Thomas  Todd,  Consta- 
ble of  Mulberry  Ward,  issued  in  1722  by  Mayor 
Fishbourne.  As  to  his  duties  in  the  daytime,  he 
is  directed  particularly  to  suppress  disorder  on  the 
first  day  of  the  week  in  the  public  streets,  and  to 
arrest  any  persons  tippling  in  public-houses,  and 
the  maintenance  of  peace  at  other  times.  The  in- 
structions go  on  to  say  : 

"What  I  have  said  chiefly  concerns  thy  conduct  in  the  day,  but 
what  follows  is  relative  to  the  Night  Watches. 

"  I.  Take  care  to  warn  and  watch  duly,  and  that  thou  attend 
accordingly  at  the  time  and  place  already  appointed 

"  II.  If  any  person  duly  warned  does  not  come  or  send  one  in 
time,  or  when  come  does  not  attend  his  duty  therein,  return  the 
names  of  every  such  to  some  magistrate  next  day. 

"  III.  If  thou  meet  any  disorderly  persons  in  the  streets,  en- 
deavor to  suppress  them,  and  commit  them  to  Gaol  until  next 
morning ;  but  if,  with  the  assistance  of  the  watch,  thou  canst 
not,  then  learn  their  names,  make  return  thereof  accordingly  next 
day  to  some  magistrate. 

"  IV.  If  thou  knows  or  hears  of  any  suspected  lew'd  houses  as 
entertaining  debauched  persons  or  servants,  etc.,  search  there  ac- 
cordingly and  apprehend  all  suspected  persons  thou  finclst  therein, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  41 

and  commit  them  to  Gaol  in  order  to  be  brought  before  some 
magistrate  next  morning. 

"  V.  If  any  publick  housekeepers  keep  unseasonable  hours  or 
rude  disorderly  company  in  their  houses,  thou  art  to  require  them 
to  disperse  the  company  and  return  the  name  of  such  publick 
housekeeper  to  some  magistrate  the  next  day." 

This  mode  of  policing  the  city  seems  to  have  met 
with  every  requirement  of  those  early  times  for  a 


STATE    HOUSE    AND    CONGRESS    HALL. 
(From  Watson's  "Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

number  of  years,  and  no  material  change  was  made. 
But  in  1742  the  inconvenience  of  the  system  was  ad- 
nitted,  and  the  grand  jury  represented  the  need  of 
i  stated  watch  and  watch-house.  Very  little  was 
ione,  however,  for  in  1749  the  grand  jury  insisted 
strongly  upon  the  fact  that  "five  or  six"  men  em- 
)loyed  as  nightly  watchmen,  and  who  go  their 
•ounds  in  company,  are  poor  protection  for  so 
jrea't  a  city,  containing  from  two  to  three  thousand 


42  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

houses  and  fifteen  thousand  inhabitants.  The  watch 
was  thereupon  increased.  This  is  the  best  evidence 
of  the  orderly  character  of  the  young  community, 
that  the  city  had  remained  so  long  with  so  few  guar- 
dians, and  these  private  citizens,  who  did  duty  for 
the  common  good.  It  was  only  when  the  popula- 
tion was  swelled  by  the  thousands  who  flocked  to 
these  shores,  that  we  hear  of  thefts  and  robber- 
ies, of  midnight  brawls  and  debauchery,  requiring  a 
repressive  force. 

It  was  not  until  the  .year  1751  that  anything  like 
a  comprehensive  law  was  passed  for  systematically 
policing  and  lighting  the  city  in  the  night  time.  In 
that  year  the  General  Assembly  passed  an  act 

"  for  the  better  regulating  the  nightly  watch  within  the  City  of 
Philadelphia  and  for  enlightening  of  the  streets,  lanes  and  alleys 
of  said  City,  and  for  raising  of  money  on  the  inhabitants  of  said 
City  for  defraying  the  necessary  expenses  thereof." 

The  act  recited  that 

"whereas  the  well-ordering  and  regulating  the  Watch  and  the  en- 
lightening the  streets,  lanes,  and  alleys,  in  the  night  lime,  within 
the  City  of  Philadelphia  is  of  great  importance  for  the  Preservation 
of  the  Persons  and  Properties  of  the  Inhabitants,  and  very  neces- 
sary to  prevent  Fires,  Murders,  Burglaries,  Robberies  and  other 
outrages  and  Disorders," 

and  that  by  the  laws  then  in  force,  no  effectual  pro- 
vision was  made  for  the  "  ordering  or  well-governing  " 
of  the  nightly  watch,  etc.,  or  for  levying  and  col- 
lecting the  money  necessary  for  defraying  the 
charges  thereof,  etc. 

The  law  then  went  on  to  provide  for  the  creation 
of  a  board  of  "  Wardens,"  who  were  empowered  to 
have  a 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


43 


"  sufficient  and  convenient  number  of  lamps  in  such  parts  and 
places  of  the  City  as  to  them  should  seem  meet  and  expedient, 
and  to  contract  with  any  person  or  persons  for  the  lighting, 
trimming,  snuffing,  supplying,  maintaining  and  repairing  them  ;  and 
shall  likewise  order,  appoint,  hire  and  employ  what  number  of 
Watchmen  they  shall  judge  necessary  and  proper," 

from  time  to  time,  and  direct  what  wages  should  be 
given  them.  This  then  was  the  first  regularly  sal- 
aried Police  Force  of  Philadelphia.  The  Wardens 
were  given  the  power  to  remove  any  watchman  for 
any  dereliction  of  duty,  and  exercise  a  general  su- 
pervising control  over  them.  The  Mayor,  Recorder 
and  four  aldermen  of  the  city  were  directed  "  to  set 
down  in  writing  at  what  stands  it  is  fit  for  the  said 
watchmen  to  be  placed ;  how  often  they  shall  go 
their  rounds  ;  to  appoint  the  rounds  of  each  Watch- 
man ;  to  order  what  number  of  constables  of  the 
city  should  watch  each  night;"  make  orders  and 
regulations  for  the  government  of  the  Constables 
and  Watchmen,  which  should  be  written  or  printed, 
and  a  copy  delivered  to  each. 

One  or  more  constables,  as  should  be  judged  nec- 
essary, were  to  attend  at  the  Court-House,  or  at 
such  other  convenient  place  as  might  be  designated, 
and  "  keep  watch  and  ward  from  the  tenth  day  of 
March  to  the  tenth  of  September,  from  the  hours  of 
ten  in  the  evening  until  four  the  next  morning  ;  and 
from  the  tenth  day  of  September  to  the  tenth  day 
of  March,  from  nine  in  the  evening  until  six  in  the 
morning," 

"  and  the  Constables  shall  in  their  several  turns  and  Courses  of 
Watching,  use  their  best  endeavors  to  prevent  Fires,  Murders, 
Burglaries,  Robberies  and  other  outrages  and  Disorders  within  the 
said  City," 


44  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  to  that  end  they  were  empowered  and  required 
to  arrest  and  apprehend  "  all  night-walkers,  male- 
factors, and  suspected  persons,"  who  were  found 
wandering  and  misbehaving  themselves,  and  carry 
them  "as  soon  as  conveniently  they  may"  before  a 
justice  of  the  peace  to  be  examined  and  dealt  with 
according  to  law.  The  constables  were  required 
"  once,  or  oftener  at  convenient  times  in  every 


THE    LONDON    COFFEE    HOUSE. 
(From  Watson's    "Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

night,"  to  go  about  the  several  wards  of  the  city  and 
take  notice  whether  the  Watchmen  performed  their 
duties  in  their  several  stations,  according  to  the 
orders  and  regulations,  and  report  any  delinquent. 

The  constable  for  every  night's  watching  was  paid 
three  shillings.  If  he  failed  in  any  of  his  prescribed 
duties,  such  as  wilfully  neglecting  to  attend  any 
night  in  his  turn  to  keep  watch  and  ward,  or  "  de- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


45 


part  from  and  leave  keeping  watch  and  ward,"  or 
neglect  to  go  about  the  several  wards,  and  the  like, 
he  was  to  forfeit  twenty  shillings.  In  the  absence 
of  the  constable,  the  watchmen  were  given  the  power 
of  arresting,  during  the  time  of  their  keeping  watch, 
all  "  night-walkers,  Malefactors,  Rogues,  Vagabonds, 
and  disorderly  persons,  whom  they  found  disturbing 
the  peace  or  had  just  cause  to  suspect  of  any  evil 
design,  and  carry  them  before  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace."  In  case  of  any  fire  breaking  out,  ''or  other 
great  necessity,"  they  were  to  immediately  alarm 
each  other  and  the  inhabitants  in  their  respective 
rounds,  which,  when  done,  they  were  to  repair  to 
their  respective  stands,  the  better  to  discover  any 
other  fire  that  might  happen,  "  as  well  as  to  prevent 
any  Burglaries,  Robberies,  outrages  and  Disorders, 
and  to  apprehend  any  suspected  persons  who 
in  such  times  of  confusion  may  be  feloniously  carry- 
ing off  the  goods  and  effects  of  others." 

The  legislators  evidently  foresaw  that  the  new 
lamps  by  which  the  streets  were  to  be  "  enlight- 
ened "  would  be  marks  for  the  revellers  of  that  day? 
or  night  rather,  and  took  steps  to  discourage  and 
punish  attacks  upon  the  lights.  In  the  act  they 
recited  that : 

"  Whereas  several  evil  disposed  Persons  have  broken  and  may  wil- 
fully and  maliciously  break  and  destroy  the  lamps  hung  out  in  the 
streets,  lanes  and  alleys  of  the  said  City ;  now  to  prevent  the  like 
malicious  practices  for  the  future,  Be  it  enacted,  that  if  any  person, 
or  persons  shall  and  do  from  and  after  ten  Days  after  the  Publica- 
tion of  this  act,  wilfully  or  maliciously  break,  throw  down,  or  extin- 
guish any  lamp  that  is  or  shall  be  hung  out  or  set  up  to  light  the 
said  streets,  etc.,  they  shall,  on  being  convicted  thereof,  forfeit  the 


46  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

sum  of  Forty  shillings  for  each  lamp  so  broken,  thrown  down  or  ex- 
tinguished." 

This  act  was  by  its  provisions  to  continue  in  force 
but  five  years,  and  in  1756  was  re-enacted  to  continue 
for  seven  years  longer,  and  again  in  i  763  the  General 
Assembly  declared  that  the  act  "hath  upon  expe- 
rience proved  conducive  to  the  Ease  and  Security  of 
the  Persons  and  Estates  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  said 
City,"  and  again  continued  it.  The  penalty  affixed 
to  the  sport  of  lamp-breaking  of  forty  shillings,  far 
from  being  a  prohibitory  tariff,  seems  raiher  to  have 
fostered  that  tendency  in  the  young  men  of  the  day, 
and  additional  legislation  was  found  necessary  on 
the  subject.  The  General  Assembly,  in  1 765,  made 
lamp-breaking  an  indictable  offence,  triable  by  the 
Quarter  Sessions,  and  fixed  the  penalty  at  ^"25  for 
each  lamp  broken,  thrown  down  or  extinguished. 
During  the  occupation  of  Philadelphia  by  the  British, 
at  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  the  city's  Civil  Govern- 
ment was  suspended.  The  last  election  for  Mayor 
under  the  proprietary  charter  was  on  the  third  day 
of  October,  1775.  There  had  been  no  meeting  of 
Councils  who  elected  this  officer  for  six  months  pre- 
viously, and  there  was  no  meeting  afterwards  until 
the  1 7th  of  February,  1776,  which  was  the  last  ap- 
pearing on  the  minutes  of  that  body.  The  city 
charter  was  considered  superseded  by  the  events  of 
the  Revolution.  The  people  claimed  to  have  suc- 
ceeded to  every  right  which  the  proprietaries  had 
under  the  Royal  charter,  and  which  the  Assembly 
and  every  local  government  had.  The  old  gov- 
ernment, after  the  4th  of  July,  1776,  was  overthrown. 
The  convention  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


47 


1776,  appointed  a  large  number  of  justices  of  the 
peace  for  the  city  and  county,  among  whom  were 
Benjamin  Franklin,  John  Dickinson,  and  George 
Bryan.  They  were  required,  before  assuming  their 
duties,  to  take  an  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania  and  renunciation  of  the  authority 
of  George  III.  Under  the  Constitution  of  1776 
justices  were  elected,  two  for  each  ward,  and  they 
were  commissioned  March  28,  1777,  for  the  city,  and 
for  the  city  and  county  June  6  of  the  same  year. 
After  that  justices  were  appointed  and  elected  for  the 
city  up  to  the  time  of  the  second  city  charter.  No 
Aldermen  were  appointed  within  that  period.  Dur- 
ing the  interval  the  municipal  government  was  sus- 
pended, and  the  affairs  of  the  city  were  carried  on  by 
Councils  of  Safety,  Wardens,  and  Street  Commis- 
sioners, officers  having  authority  under  old  acts  of 
Assembly.  The  Wardens  had  control  of  lighting 
the  streets,  and  the  Commissioners  of  paving  and 
keeping  the  highways  in  repair.  There  were  no 
watchmen  during  the  Revolution,  except  the  military 
guards. 

With  the  advent  of  a  regular  watch,  the  watch-box 
was  an  early  necessity.  They  were  small  wooden 
constructions,  square  or  hexagonal,  and  at  a  late 
period  of  their  use  were  perfectly  round.  They 
were  four  to  five  feet  in  width  or  diameter,  and  sur- 
mounted by  lamps  not  much  unlike  the  police 
patrol  signal-boxes  recently  introduced.  Within 
them  was  a  space  for  a  narrow  bench,  fixed  to  one  of 
the  sides  of  the  building.  Sometimes  there  was 
space  for  a  small  stove,  the  pipe  of  which  rose  near 
the  top  of  the  box  and  opened  out  upon  the  street. 


48  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Around  the  inside  walls  were  hooks  upOn  which  to 
hang  coats,  capes,  torches,  etc.,  and  underneath  the 
bench  was  a  place  in  which  to  store  cans  of  oil,  with 
wicks,  lamp-dishes,  and  other  appliances.  Alto- 
gether we  have  a  pretty  good  picture  of  a  watch- 
house  in  the  den  of  a  suburban  railway  flagman.  In 
the  later  days  of  their  use,  round  holes  were  placed 
in  the  doors  of  the  watch-boxes,  behind  which  were 
fixed  revolving  discs  of  iron  or  tin,  upon  which  were 
cut  in  Roman  numerals  figures  running  from  IX.  to 
XII.,  then  commencing  at  I.  down  to  VI.,  the  latest 
morning  hour.  The  watchman  set  this  dial  on 
each  return  from  travelling  his  beat,  and  the  way- 
farer by  consulting  it  could  learn  the  hour  of  night. 
It  was  not  essentially  necessary  in  the  earlier  period 
of  the  watch  that  such  precaution  should  be  taken. 
It  was  the  duty  of  the  watchman,  as  he  went  his 
rounds,  to  announce  the  hour  in  a  loud  voice. 

The  watchman's  cry  was  peculiar  and  musical,  and 
was  usually  listened  for  by  those  awake  with  some 
interest,  because  he  not  only  told  the  time  of  night, 
but  the  condition  of  the  weather.  They  started  from 
their  stations  hourly,  carrying  a  lantern,  a  rattle  and 
club,  and  perambulated  their  allotted  district,  calling 
out  the  hour  thus:  "  Ten-o-clock-and-all's-well,"  or 
"  Oh-past-tw-elve-o-clock-and  a  starlight  morning," 
or  "  Oh-past-three-o-clock-and  a  stormy  morning." 
At  any  alarm,  if  assistance  was  needed,  they 
would  spring  their  rattles,  and  it  was  exciting  to 
hear  the  various  rattles  answer  and  repeat  as  they 
gathered  together  at  the  place  of  the  first  alarm,  or 
pursued  fleeing  malefactors.  It  is  related  as  fact 
that  on  the  night  that  the  news  of  the  British  sur- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


49 


render  at  Yorktown,  in  1781,  was  brought  to  the  city, 
the  intelligence  having  come  in  at  a  late  hour,  a  Ger- 
man watchman  who  went  his  rounds  startled  the 
wakeful  population  by  crying  the  hour  and  adding, 
"  Unt  Cornwalish  ist  daken  ! "  In  the  earlier  days, 
the  watchman  carried  a  staff  and  flambeau,  which  was 
made  of  tin  or  iron,  with  a  square  fountain  for  oil  at 


OLD  WATCHMAN  AND  HIS  BOX. 


the  end,  which  he  held  in  his  hand.  A  short  wick 
ran  through  the  tube,  which  burned  with  a  great 
flare,  and  was  rarely  blown  out,  even  in  the  most 
windy  weather.  A  badge  buckled  around  his  hat 
was  a  certificate  of  his  official  authority,  and  a  rattle 
conveniently  carried  in  the  side-pocket  of  his  coat, 
or  great-coat  in  winter,  was  ready  for  use  in  case  of 
alarm  or  the  attempted  escape  of  an  offender.  In 
1806  the  city  watchmen  were  provided  with  trum- 

4 


50  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

pets.  The  watch-boxes  were  an  institution  until 
1848,  when  an  ordinance  was  passed  which  declared 
that  thereafter  no  watch-boxes  should  be  provided 
or  permitted  in  the  public  streets. 

The  watchmen  were  also  marks  for  the  "fun  "  of 
the  lamp-breaking  young  bloods  of  those  days  "  out 
for  a  lark."  To  assault  the  watch  seems  to  have 
been  one  of  their  pastimes.  It  is  related  that  on  a 
cold,  stormy  night,  while  a  watchman  was  toasting 
himself  over  his  little  stove  in  his  box,  which  was 
located  at  Front  and  Market  streets,  a  party  of 
young  men  turned  the  key  on  him,  which  he  had  left 
sticking  in  the  door,  put  ropes  around  his  box,  and 
with  the  unlucky  watchman  inside,  rolled  it  up  and 
down  the  steep  hill  at  that  point.  Another  watch- 
man, also  a  German,  before  going  his  rounds  on  a 
cold  winter  night,  anticipating  how  genial  would  be 
the  glow  of  the  fire  of  the  little  stove  in  his  box  on 
his  return,  heaped  on  the  coals,  turned  the  lock  of 
the  box  door,  and  carefully  placed  the  key  in  his 
pocket.  During  his  absence,  which  must  have  been 
prolonged  beyond  his  expectations,  the  fire  in  his 
stove  burned  briskly  and  the  pipe,  becoming  over- 
heated, set  the  box  in  flames.  Being  attracted  by 
the  light,  he  was  hurrying  back,  when  some  one  in- 
formed him  that  it  was  his  box  that  was  on  fire. 
"  Mein  Gott,"  he  exclaimed,  "  dat  ist  not  bossiple  ! 
for  it  ist  lockdt  undt  I  hef  der  key  in  mine 
pockedt ! " 

Altogether  the  watchmen  and  constables  had  pretty 
hard  times  of  it.  They  were  few  in  number  and 
their  authority,  except  in  rare  instances,  was  scoffed 
and  jeered  at.  However,  there  were  exceptions. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  51 

There  were  old  Carlisle  and  "Jim"  West.  They 
were  a  terror  to  evil  doers  and  brawlers ;  but  most 
especially  to  the  two  boyish  factions — the  "up-town" 
and  "  down-town."  The  contending  parties  used  to 
have  regular  battles  at  night  with  sticks,  stones  and 
other  weapons,  but  the  appearance  of  either  West  or 
Carlisle  upon  the  scene  would  scatter  the  belligerents 
in  all  directions.  Here  is  another  story  of  a  differ- 
ent complexion — or  rather,  the  watchman  indicated 
was  of  a  different  cast  of  character.  He  was  a  lit- 
tle old  German,  and  his  box  was  located  near  the 
tavern  known  as  the  "Three  Jolly  Irishmen,"  at  the 
corner  of  Race  and  Water  streets.  It  was  a  notori- 
ous resort,  and  was  the  scene  of  daily  riot  and  night- 
brawling.  Some  of  the  respectable  residents  of  the 
locality  got  tired  of  the  continual  din,  and  frequently 
urged  upon  the  decrepit  old  watchman  the  necessity 
of  his  taking  some  action  in  the  matter  by  arresting 
them.  The  old  German  was  evidently  astounded 
and  alarmed  at  such  a  proposition,  for  he  loudly 
exclaimed  :  "  Mine  Gott,  vot  you  tinks  I  do  mit 
dem  fellers !  Mine  friends,  der  best  vay  vas  to  led 
dem  alone." 

Andrew  Bradford,  the  printer,  offered  a  reward  of 
^15,  in  1724,  for  the. apprehension  of  John  Jones, 
"  a  tall,  slender  lad  of  eighteen  years,"  who  stole  five 
or  six  sheets  of  the  $s.  and  2os.  bills,  which  said 
Bradford  was  printing.  He  was  arrested,  but  es- 
caped from  the  constable  who  captured  him,  by 
slipping  out  of  his  coat  and  leaving  it  behind.  And, 
it  is  gravely  stated,  "he  wore  a  light  bob  wig." 

In  October,  1769,  a  man  who  had  informed 
against  some  "run  wines"  from  an  Egg  Harbor 


52  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

shallop,  was  seized  by  some  sailors  and  tarred  and 
feathered  from  head  to  foot,  then  hurried  through 
the  streets,  before  the  Collector's  and  every  other 
Custom  House  officer's  door.  The  crowd  then  sat 
him  in  the  pillory  and  afterwards  ducked  him.  Af- 
ter these  pleasantries  they  let  him  "go  in  peace, 
to  sin  no  more."  Some  funny  (to  the  minds  of 
those  of  the  preseht  generation)  ordinances  were 


CARPENTER'S    HALL    AND    PLACE    OF    FIRST    CONGRESS. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

passed  in  the  early  days  of  the  city's  existence.  In 
i  704,  for  instance,  it  was  ordered  by  the  Aldermen 
and  Council  that  the  Mayor,  "  once  in  a  month,  go 
round  to  the  respective  breadmakers  in  this  city  and 
weigh  their  bread  and  seize  all  such  as  shall  be  defi- 
cient in  weight,  and  dispose  of  the  same  as  the  law 
directs."  And  the  Mayor  had  to  personally  perform 
this  duty. 

The   watch-house    became   an   early  necessity  for 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


53 


the  reception  of  the  watchman's  prisoners,  when  he 
was  so  fortunate  as  to  capture  any.  The  location  of 
the  earliest  one  is  not  known,  but  in  1 704  it  was  or- 
dered by  the  Common  Council  that  a  watch-house 
should  be  built  in  the  market-place,  sixteen  feet  long 
by  fourteen  feet  wide.  It  is  not  known  how  long 
its  use  was  continued.  In  1710  the  Mayor,  Re- 
corder, Aldermen,  and  others,  petitioned  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  for  a  grant  of  more  liberal  powers 
to  check  the  growth  of  vice  and  immorality,  prevent 
the  decay  of  public  credit,  "  and  also  to  enable  them 
to  build  a  watch-house  and  cage,  erect  a  work-house 
to  imploy  the  poor  and  vagrant."  For  a  long  time 
the  headquarters  of  the  watch  were  fixed  at  the 
State  House.  In  the  times  of  the  Revolution  there 
was  a  watch-house  in  the  State  House  yard,  and 
under  the  second  city  charter  of  1789  the  old  Court- 
House  at  Market  and  Second  streets  became  the 
city  watch-house,  and  was  occupied  as  such  for  a 
number  of  years. 

In  1797  a  superintendent  of  the  nightly  watch  was 
appointed,  whose  duty  it  was  to  take  care  of  the 
oil,  wick  and  utensils  belonging  to  the  city,  and  to 
see  that  the  watchmen  performed  their  duties,  and 
to  aid  them  in  "  preventing  murders,  burglaries,  rob- 
beries and  other  outrages."  This  officer  corre- 
sponded, in  a  primitive  way,  with  our  prsent  Chief 
of  Police,  exercising  similar  functions  in  a  lim- 
ited manner.  In  the  course  of  time,  the  principal 
watch-house  came  to  be  established  in  the  basement 
of  the  City  Hall,  at  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets,  where 
are  now  located  the  headquarters  of  the  Reserve 
Corps  of  whom  all  Philadelphians  feel  so  justly 
proud. 


54 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  III. 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  CITY  TOWARDS  A  POLICE  SYSTEM. 
(1797—1850.) 

THE  STONE  PRISON  AT  THIRD  AND  HIGH  STREETS. — THE 
WHIPPING-POST,  PILLORY  AND  STOCKS. — PUNISHMENTS 
INFLICTED  ON  CRIMINALS. — THE  TOWN  BELL. — PRIMI- 
TIVE MANNER  IN  WHICH  CASES  WERE  DECIDED. — PRO- 
VINCIAL COURT  ERECTED.— -BARBAROUS  PUNISHMENT 
INFLICTED  ON  A  WOMAN. — THE  DUCKING-STOOL. — THE 
OLD  WALNUT-STREET  PRISON. — INSURRECTIONS  WITH- 
IN THE  PRISON. — ARCH  STREET  PRISON. — INDEPEN- 
DENCE HALL  ERECTED. — THE  LIBERTY  BELL. — HOW 
THE  OLD  BELL  WAS  CRACKED. — ITS  JOURNEY  TO 
THE  NEW  ORLEANS  EXHIBITION. — THE  POOR  LAWS. 
—THE  FRIENDS'  ALMSHOUSES. — THE  SPRUCE-STREET 
"BETTERING  HOUSE." — THE  HIGH  CONSTABLES  AND 

THEIR  DUTIES  (l8ll). — THE  CAPTAIN  OF  THE  WATCH. 
—PAY  OF  WATCHMEN. — WATCHMEN  STATIONED  AT 
CENTRE  SQUARE  ENGINE  HOUSE  (1814). — NIGHTLY 
WATCHES  AND  LAMPS  ESTABLISHED  IN  NORTHERN 
LIBERTIES  AND  SOUTHWARK. — THE  CITY'S  GUAR- 
DIANS IN  1831. — MARKED  PROGRESS  IN  THE  POLICE 
SYSTEM  (1833). — THE  CITY  DIVIDED  INTO  DIVISIONS 
AND  SECTIONS  FOR  POLICE  PURPOSES. — WATCH-HOUSES 
PROVIDED. — LIEUTENANTS  OF  POLICE  APPOINTED.— 
NEGRO  RIOTS  (1842). — THE  WEAVERS'  RIOTS  IN  KEN- 
SINGTON (1843). — "  NATIVE  AMERICAN  "  RIOTS  OF  1844. 
—THE  KILLING  OF  GEORGE  SHIFFLER. — HIBERNIA 
HOSE  HOUSE  BURNED. — THE  MILITARY  CALLED  OUT. 
— DESTRUCTION  OF  ST.  AUGUSTINE  CHURCH. — THE  PO- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


55 


LICE  FORCE  STRENGTHENED. — THE  CITY  AND  DIS- 
TRICTS APPROACHING  CONSOLIDATION. — POLICE  AND 
POLICE  SUPERINTENDENTS  CREATED  FOR  THE  CITY 
AND  DISTRICTS. — THE  LAW  OF  1845. 

IN  the  year  1718  an  act  was  passed  providing  for 
the  erection  of  a  new  prison  at  the  south-west  cor- 
ner of  Third  and  High  (Market)  streets,  the  old 
prison  on  High  Street  having  been  condemned. 
The  building  was  completed  in  1723,  when  the  old 
prison  was  torn  down.  The  whipping-post,  pillory 


STONE  PRISON,  SOUTH-WEST  COR.   OF  THIRD  AND  HIGH    STREETS. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

and  stocks,  all  important  elements  in  the  correction 
of  offenders,  were  on  High  Street,  in  front  of  the 
market,  east  of  Third  Street. 

The  new  prison,  which  was  built  of  stone,  two 
stories  high,  was  commonly  known  as  the  Stone 
Prison.  That  part  of  it  fronting  on  Third  Street 
was  for  criminals,  and  was  called  the  workhouse. 
All  offenders  were  put  to  work.  The  building  front- 
ing on  High  Street  was  called  the  debtors'  jail. 
Tl^ere  the  unfortunates  who  could  not  satisfy  their 


c6  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

creditors  lingered  until  they  could  find  persons  "to 
sell  themselves  unto  for  a  term  of  years  to  pay  the 
same  (i.  e.,  their  debts)  and  redeem  their  bodies" 
This  custom  of  selling  men  for  debt  only  applied  to 
single  men  ;  married  men  stayed  in  jail. 

Fraud    sent    men    to   the  pillory  and  workhouse. 
The    last   remembered   exhibition  of  this   kind  was 


THE   PILLORY  AND  WHIPPING-POST. 

that  of  a  storekeeper,  who,  to  build  up  his  failing 
credit,  made  too  free  use  with  other  people's  names. 
He  was  exposed  in  the  pillory,  where  the  populace 
pelted  him  with  eggs,  and,  to  conclude,  had  his  ears 
clipped  by  the  sheriff,  who  held  up  his  ghastly  tro- 
phies to  the  gaze  and  shouts  of  the  populace. 
Whipping  was  the  usual  punishment  for  larceny 
and  for  felonious  assaults.  In  1743  a  black  man, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


57 


brought  up  to  the  whipping-post  to  receive  punish- 
ment, took  out  his  knife  and  cut  his  throat  in  the 
presence  of  the  crowd  before  the  officers  could 
interfere.  The  whipping-post  and  pillory  display 
was  always  on  a  market  day,  and  then  the  price 
of  eggs  advanced.  The  criminals  were  first  marched 
round  the  streets.  Murder,  house-breaking,  horse- 
stealing  and  counterfeiting  were  punished  by  hang- 
ing. 

On  High  Street  there  stood  a  mast,  supporting 
the  great  town  bell  until  1/07,  when  on  its  site  was 
erected  the  Court-House,  or  "  Great  Towne  House," 
as  it  was  called.  At  the  ringing  of  the  bell  the  peo- 
ple assembled  to  listen  to  the  royal  and  provincial 
proclamations,  city  ordinances,  and  the  like,  which 
were  read  aloud  by  the  town  crier,  who  was  a  very 
important  personage  in  those  days. 

Justice  was  administered  during  the  earlier  years 
of  the  existence  of  Philadelphia  by  the  Governor 
and  Council.  The  first  "  Court  "  was  held  on  Jan- 
uary n,  1682,  and  the  second  on  February  7,  of  the 
same  year,  when  Benjamin  Chambers  was  appointed 
sheriff,  John  Cock  constable  for  the  lower  part  of 
the  county  of  Philadelphia,  and  Nathaniel  Harden 
for  the  upper.  At  this  court  an  indictment  was 
found  against  one  John  Skeetch,  charging  that  he 
had  two  wives  in  Bristol,  England,  and  that  he  had 
now  taken  a  Mrs.  Smith  to  wife.  His  petition, 
praying  to  be  "  stocked,"  rather  than  to  be  beaten 
with  twenty  lashes,  was  placed  on  file.  A  capital 
illustration  of  the  primitive  and  patriarchal  manner 
in  which  cases  were  decided  is  to  be  found  in  the 
record  of  the  court  held  on  January  20,  1683.  Na- 


58  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

thaniel  Allen  complained  to  the  Governor  and 
Council  that  he  had  sold  a  servant  to  Henry  Bow- 
man for  six  cwt.  of  beef,  with  the  hide  and  tallow, 
and  £6  sterling ;  also  that  he  had  hired  his  boat 
to  the  said  Bowman  and  another  for  one  month, 
which  they  detained  eighteen  weeks.  Allen  there- 
fore prayed  redress  for  these  grievances,  whereupon 
it  was  ordered  that  William  Clarke,  John  Simcoe 
and  James  Harrison  should  "speak"  to  Henry 
Bowman  concerning  the  matter. 

On  the  1 6th  of  January,  1684,  the  Council  deter- 
mined that  there  should  be  a  Provincial  Court  of 
five  judges  to  try  all  criminal  cases  and  titles  to  land, 
and  to  be  a  court  of  equity  to  decide  all  differences 
upon  appeals  from  the  County  Courts.  In  accord- 
ance with  this  order,  the  following  judges  were  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  on  June  4  following: 
Nicholas  Moore,  William  Welsh,  William  Wood, 
Robert  Turner,  and  John  Eckley,  the  first-named 
being  Chief  Justice.  Their  appointment  was  but 
for  two  years. 

Up  to  1759  it  had  been  the  occasional  practice 
for  justices  of  the  peace  to  hear  and  decide  cases 
at  public  inns  ;  but  as  it  had  a  demoralizing  effect, 
in  bringing  so  many  people  to  drinking-places,  the 
Governor  forbade  its  longer  continuance.  Even 
the  courts  themselves,  before  they  had  a  court-house, 
had  been  held  in  taverns,  as  it  is  on  record  that  in 
1702  the  court  at  Philadelphia  sat  in  Hall's  public- 
house. 

The  records  of  criminal  cases  of  these  times  are 
very  interesting.  In  1705  Thomas  Docherty,  barber, 
was  indicted  for  pursuing  his  avocation  on  First 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


59 


Day.  During  the  year  1717  women  were  publicly 
whipped  for  having  illegitimate  children ;  while 
poor  runaway  apprentices  and  others  who  were 
flogged  were  charged  6s.  for  the  performance  of  the 
operation !  -Four  years  later,  a  butcher  named 
Nicholas  Gaulan,  a  foreigner,  was  fined  14^.  \d.  for 
that  he  "by  colour  of  his  art  as  a  butcher  did,  with 
his  breath  and  wind,  blow  up  the  meat  of  his  calf, 
whereby  the  meat  was  made  unwholsome  to  the 
human  body."  The  most  •  horrible  occurrence  of 
these  times  was  the  execution,  in  1731,  of  Catherine 
Bevan,  who  was  condemned  to  be  burned  alive.  A 
feeling  of  pity  on  the  part  of  the  executioner  made 
him  promise  to  strangle  her  when  he  put  the  rope 
around  her  neck  so  as  to  hang  her  over  the  fire ;  but 
the  flames  severed  the  rope  before  she  was  insensi- 
ble, "  so  that  she  fell  alive  into  the  blaze,  and  was 
seen  to  struggle  therein."  The  Quarter  Sessions, 
held  in  December,  1733,  was  remarkable  for  the 
large  number  of  criminals  arraigned  for  trial.  Thir- 
teen men  and  women  were  convicted  of  grand  lar- 
ceny, and  were  sentenced  to  be  whipped.  The  whip- 
ping-post was  a  dread  instrument  of  punishment  in 
those  days,  and  was  looked  upon  with  no  small 
terror. 

The  pillory  was  another  good  old-fashioned  in- 
strument of  correction,  as  was,  also,  the  ducking- 
stool.  The  pillory  and  whipping-post  stood  in  the 
market-place,  while  the  ducking-stool  was  operated 
at  the  river.  They  were  aged  institutions,  compar- 
atively speaking.  As  far  back  as  1717,  the  Grand 
Jury  presented  the  great  need  of  a  ducking-stool, 
saying  that : 


6o 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


"  Whereas,  it  has  been  frequently  and  often  presented  by  former 
juries  the  necessity  of  a  ducking-stool  and  house  of  correction  for 
the  just  punishment  of  scolding  and  drunken  women,  as  well  as 
divers  others  unruly  persons,  who  may  become  a  public  nuisance, 
they  therefore  earnestly  pray  the  Court  it  may  be  no  longer 
delayed." 

Although  the  whipping-post  may  have  been  kept 
pretty  busy,  the  salary  paid  the  public  whipper  was 


THE    DUCKING-STOOL. 


not  a  very  large  one,  as  on  May  28,  1753,  it  is  re- 
corded that  Daniel  Petit,  or  Pettitoe,  prayed  £\o 
for  his  services  in  this  direction.  His  prayer  was 
granted. 

The  old  prison  at  Third  and  Market  streets  served 
its  purpose  as  a  jail  and  workhouse  until  17/5,  when 
part  of  the  new  building,  known  as  the  Walnut 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


61 


Street  Prison,  was  in  readiness  for  the  reception  of 
prisoners,  and  they  were  removed  there.  The  old 
prison  was  demolished  in  1 784. 

The  condition  of  the  poor  debtors,  detained  in 
prison  for  debt  about  this  time,  was  most  wretched. 
They  were  practically  dependent  upon  charity,  as 
there  was  no  law  compelling  their  creditors  to  sup- 
port them,  and  the  province  only  allowed  prisoners 


WALNUT    STREET    PRISON. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 

two  pence — -fo2tr  cents — a  day  per  capita..  Without 
means  of  their  own  they  literally  perished  from  cold 
and  want.  In  1 770  a  prisoner  died  of  starvation,  and 
in  March,  1772,  three  more  perished  in  the  same  way. 
A  committee  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly  to 
visit  the  prison,  reported  finding  in  confinement 
thirty-two  men  and  twelve  women,  some  criminals 
and  some  debtors.  Many  of  the  men  were  naked, 


62  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  without  shirts ;  they  had  no  bedding,  no  cover- 
ing but  a  single  blanket,  given  through  chanty,  for 
two  persons.  Laws  were  passed  to  alleviate  their 
condition. 

The  Walnut  Street  Prison  was  projected  before 
the  Revolution,  and  was  finished  in  1773,  but  was 
not  immediately  used  for  county  purposes.  The 
Americans  used  it  for  confining  their  prisoners  of 
war,  and  the  British,  while  they  held  Philadelphia, 
did  the  same  with  their  captives.  It  stood  on  the 
south  side  of  Walnut  Street,  opposite  the  State 
House  Yard,  occupying  half  the  block,  and  extend- 
ing to  the  corner  of  Sixth  Street,  and  running  back 
to  Prune  Street.  It  was  built  of  stone,  two  stories 
high,  with  a  basement,  and  surmounted  by  a  bell- 
tower.  The  doorway  was  reached  by  a  high  flight 
of  stone  steps,  which  were  flanked  on  either  side  by 
a  one-story  structure,  where  were  the  offices  or  res- 
idences of  the  jailers'  families.  The  front  on  Wal- 
nut Street  was  occupied  as  the  prison-house  and 
prison-yard  of  criminals  and  convicts,  and  the  south- 
ern, or  Prune  Street  portion,  was  used  for  the  safe- 
keeping of  persons  imprisoned  for  debt,  or  other 
delinquencies.  The  Walnut  Street  Prison  was  sold 
in  the  spring  of  1835,  in  which  year  the  prisoners 
were  removed  to  Moyamensing,  and  in  the  following 
year  it  was  taken  down. 

Many  thrilling  stones  are  connected  with  this  old 
prison.  There  were  confined  within  its  walls  many 
men  of  note  and  character.  Robert  Morris,  the 
financier,  William  B.  Wood  and  others  were  pris- 
oners for  debt.  On  September  22,  1795,  there  was 
an  outbreak,  and  a  body  of  convicts  made  their 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  63 

escape  through  the  Sixth  Street  entrance.  Five 
prisoners  effected  an  escape  in  1817  by  forcing  the 
lock  of  the  door  of  the  vestibule  leading  into  the 
Sixth  Street  gate,  and  by  burrowing  under  the  gate 
into  the  street.  On  July  29,  1819,  Jock  Smith,  one 
Mcllhenny,  and  other  prisoners,  attempted  to  saw 
through  the  bars,  but  failing  in  that  they  made  a 
rush  into  the  hall  and  attempted  to  batter  down  the 
iron  doors  leading  into  Walnut  Street.  They  were 
foiled  in  this  attempt,  however,  principally  through 
the  efforts  of  another  prisoner,  a  negro,  named 
Powell.  The  convicts,  afterwards,  on  Jan.  20,  1820, 
attacked  Powell  and  killed  him.  The  prisoners  were 
generally  in  a  mutinous  state,  and,  following  the  mur- 
derers, ranged  furiously  through  the  yard  and  cor- 
ridors. An  attempt  was  made  to  make  a  breach  at 
the  Sixth  Street  gate,  by  battering  it  down.  So 
fierce  was  the  attack  that  the  citizen-soldiers  were 
called  out,  who  fired  on  the  mutineers  from  the 
prison  wall.  John  Runner,  a  prisoner,  was  killed  by 
this  discharge.  Through  the  efforts  of  Colonel 
John  Swift  the  prisoners  were  then  subdued.  Thir- 
teen or  fourteen  of  them  were  subsequently  put  on 
trial  for  the  murder  of  Powell,  but  through  lack  of 
evidence  were  not  convicted.  Nfomerous  bursts 
for  freedom  were  made  between  1820  and  1829,  and 
in  one  instance  six  convicts  got  over  the  wall  and 
fled.  Jock  Smith  and  nine  others  escaped  from  a 
room  on  the  Walnut  Street  front  by  sawing  off  the 
window  bars  and  letting  themselves  down,  leaving 
the  marks  of  their  boots  on  the  front  of  the  building. 
There  they  were  visible  until  it  was  torn  down.  Of 
all  the  insurrections  and  escapes  which  made  this 


64  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

prison  notorious,  false  keys  do  not  appear  to  have 
aided  a  single  convict  in  regaining  his  liberty. 

The  Arch  Street  Prison,  as  it  was  called  from  its 
location  in  that  thoroughfare,  was  built  in  1807,  be- 
tween Broad  and  Schuylkill  Eighth  (now  Fifteenth) 
streets.  It  was  used  for  untried  prisoners  and  debt- 
ors. Upon  the  completion  of  Moyamensing  prison 
its  use  was  discontinued. 

For  many  years  after  the  government  under  Penn 
had  been  established,  the  Assembly  of  Pennsyl- 
vania met  at  various  places.  It  was  not  until  1729 
that  any  active  measures  were  taken  towards  secur- 
ing a  permanent  place  for  State  purposes.  The  cit- 
izens of  Philadelphia  then  petitioned  the  Assembly 
to  empower  the  city  and  county  to  build  a  State- 
House  in  High  Street  near  the  prison.  The  Assem- 
bly passed  a  bill  providing  for  the  erection  of  such  a 
structure,  and  appointed  a  Building  Commission, 
which  exercised  powers  similar  to  those  of  the  com- 
mission bearing  the  same  name  of  the  present  day, 
and  having  in  charge  the  erection  of  the  new  public 
buildings.  The  building  was  not  commenced  until 
1732,  owing  to  variance  of  opinions  among  the 
committee,  when  the  structure  now  known  as  Inde- 
pendence Hall  was  begun.  It  was  completed  in 
1741.  As  originally  planned  and  constructed,  it  had 
neither  tower  nor  steeple,  and  no  arrangements 
were  made  for  a  staircase.  The  wings  were  built  in 

1733- 

In  1750  the  Assembly  ordered  an  addition,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  house,  to  contain  the  staircase,  and 
a  suitable  place  for  hanging  a  bell,  and  the  present 
tower  and  staircase,  finished  in  1753,  were  built.  A 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  65 

steeple  was  also  erected  at  this  time,  in  which  was 
hung  the  Liberty  Bell  with  its  prophetic  motto : 
"  Proclaim  liberty  throughout  the  land,  and  to  all 
the  people -thereof."  The  bell  was  ordered  in  Octo- 
ber, 1751,  in  London,  and  reached  Philadelphia  in 
August,  1752.  In  September  it  was  found  "that  it 
was  cracked  by  a  stroke  of  the  clapper  without  any 


THE    LIBERTY    BELL. 


other  violence,  as  it  was  hung  up  to  try  the  sound," 
and  it  was  re-cast  here  by  Pass  &  Snow,  in  March, 
and  hung  in  April,  1753,  but  not  proving  satisfac- 
tory in  tone,  it  was  re-cast  and  hung  in  June  follow- 
ing. 

In  1781   the  wood-work  of  the  steeple  was  consid- 
ered dangerous,  and  the   Liberty  Bell  and  its  frame 
were  taken  down  and  re-hung  in  the  brick  tower.     It 
s 


66  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

had  been  reported  unsafe  in  its  old  position  as  early 
as  1773,  when  the  Assembly  ordered  that  it  be  re- 
moved ;  but  the  exciting  events  of  the  Revolution 
coming  on  the  further  consideration  of  the  matter 
was  deferred.  So  then  in  the  steeple  hung  the  old 
bell,  when  it  rang  forth  the  summons  to  the  people 
to  assemble  and  hear  the  first  public  reading  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  on  the  8th  of  July, 
1776. 


INDEPENDENCE   HALL,    1776. 

The  Liberty  Bell,  after  the  first  steeple  was  taken 
down,  was  rung  only  on  particular  occasions.  It 
gave  forth  its  joyous  notes  on  the  reception  of  the 
news  of  the  passage  of  the  act  by  the  British  Parlia- 
ment, emancipating  the  Catholics,  in  1828.  It  was 
rung  on  the  22d  of  February,  1832,  in  honor  of  the 
centennial  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Washington. 
It  was  cracked  upon  the  morning  of  July  8,  1835, 
while  being  tolled  in  memory  of  Chief-Justice  Mar- 
shall, who  had  died  in  Philadelphia  on  the  6th  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  67 

that  month,  and  whose  body  was  being  removed  to 
the  steam-boat  wharf  to  be  transported  to  its  last 
resting-place  in  Richmond,  Virginia.  Although  it 
was  cracked,  the  bell  was  used  on  subsequent  occa- 
sions, which  increased  the  fracture.  It  became  hope- 
lessly useless  after  having  been  tried  upon  the  cele- 
bration of  Washington's  birthday,  February  22,  1843. 
It  was  soon  afterwards  removed  from  its  framework 
in  the  tower,  and  placed  upon  a  pedestal  in  Indepen- 
dence Hall.  A  handsome  pedestal  with  emblematic 
carvings  and  decorations  was  prepared,  upon  which 
the  bell  was  placed,  and  so  remained  until  1873, 
when  the  national  museum  was  fitted  up  in  the  west 
room,  on  the  first  story  of  Independence  Hall,  to 
which  place  it  was  removed.  Not  long  afterwards 
it  was  placed  in  its  present  position,  suspended  by  a 
chain  under  the  tower,  over  the  main  hall-way. 

The  bell  has  been  removed  from  the  city  on  two 
occasions:  In  1/77,  at  the  time  the  British  were  ex- 
pected to  occupy  the  city,  it,  with  other  bells,  was 
taken  away  to  Lancaster  to  preserve  it  from  the  en- 
emy. The  6nly  other  and  last  time  was  in  1885, 
when  it  made  its  triumphal  journey  and  visit  to  the 
New  Orleans  Exhibition,  accompanied  by  a  guard 
of  honor,  consisting  of  Mayor  Smith  and  a  committee 
of  councils.  The  immediate  guard  of  the  bell  were 
Sergeant  Malin  and  officers  Thomas  Newman 
and  John  Patton  of  the  Reserve  Corps,  who  were 
charged  with  its  care  and  safe  keeping.  Three  of- 
ficers of  the  New  Orleans  police  force  were  detailed 
to  act  with  the  Philadelphia  officers  upon  its  arrival, 
and  two  guards  were  on  duty  with  the  bell  every 
moment  of  its  absence  from  its  home.  The  bell,  with 


68  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

its  guard,  was  provided  with  a  special  car,  built  for 
the  purpose.  It  was  not  removed  from  this  car, 
which  was  run  on  tracks  into  the  Exposition  build- 
ing. On  its  return  to  Philadelphia  in  May,  1885, 
the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans  and  a  committee  of 
councils  of  that  city,  together  with  a  detail  of  the 
"  Continental  Guards,"  acted  as  an  escort  of  honor. 
The  day  of  its  return  was  a  gala  day  in  Philadelphia. 
The  police  force,  militia  and  civic  organizations 
turned  out  to  escort  the  bell  and  the  city's  guests  to 
Independence  Hall,  while  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
citizens  lined  the  streets  to  welconrc  the  sacred  relic. 
It  was  returned  to  its  accustomed  place  above  the 
corridor  in  old  Independence  Hall  with  great  pomp 
and  ceremony. 

The  poor  you  have  with  you  always,  it  is  said, 
and  although  the  early  settlers  of  Philadelphia  were 
an  unusually  thrifty  class  of  people  it  was  not  long 
before  there  were  some  who  were  really  in  need  of 
assistance,  whether  through  misfortune  or  their  own 
idle  habits  the  fact  still  remained  for  consideration ; 
they  were  there,  and  had  to  be  cared  for. 

In  the  year  1705  the  Assembly  passed  a  law  direct- 
ing that  the  justices  of  the  peace  should  annually 
appoint  two  overseers  of  the  poor  for  each  town- 
ship, and  provided  for  a  levy  of  one  penny  in  the 
pound  for  the  relief  of  the  poor.  This  system  was 
one  of  personal  relief,  the  names  of  the  beneficiaries 
being  entered  in  the  poor-book.  The  roll  of  those 
requiring  relief  seems  to  have  increased  rapidly,  as 
in  1712  the  Common  Council  resolved  "  the  poor  of 
this  City,  Dayly  Increasing,  it  is  ye  opinion  of  this 
Council  that  a  Workhouse  be  immediately  Hired 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  69 

to    Imploy    poor    P'sons     &    Sufficient     P'sons    ap- 
pointed to  keep  them  at  Work." 

The  Friends'  almshouses  on  Walnut  Street, 
west  of  Third,  were  the  first  erected  in  this  city. 
They  built  some  small  houses  for  the  relief  of  poor 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  but  the  institu- 
tion was  not  available  as  a  place  of  refuge  for  the 
general  public.  Those  accepting  charitable  relief 
wore  literally  the  badge  of  poverty,  as  in  1717  it 
was  directed  that  those  receiving  relief  from  the 
overseers  of  the  poor  should  wear  upon  the  right 
shoulder  of  the  upper  garment  a  large  letter  P, 
together  with  the  initial  of  the  County,  City  or 
place  where  he  belonged.  A  Philadelphia  pauper 
wore  the  badge  letters  P.P.  If  he  should  neglect  or 
refuse  to  wear  the  letters  the  relief  was  withdrawn, 
and  he  was  further  liable  to  whipping  and  being 
kept  at  hard  labor  for  twenty-one  days. 

In  1731  the  square  bounded  by  Spruce,  Pine, 
Third  and  Fourth  streets,  was  purchased  and  an 
almshouse  erected.  The  building  was  of  brick,  the 
main  front  being  on  Third  Street,  from  which  there 
was  an  entrance  by  a  stile.  The  Philadelphia  Hos- 
pital also  started  here.  Then  was  established  an 
infirmary,  or  hospital,  with  accommodations  for  the 
sick  and  insane,  which  has  always  been  conducted  in 
connection  with  the  almshouse. 

The  poor  increased  so  rapidly,  that  in  1765  the 
overseers  represented  to  the  Assembly  that  they 
were  much  restricted  in  accommodations  for  the  pau- 
pers, the  number  requiring  care  at  that  time  being 
two  hundred  and  twenty,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
being  out-pensioners.  Their  support  had  cost  for 


70  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

the  year  three  thousand  two  hundred  dollars.  In 
February,  1766,  the  Assembly  passed  an  act  creat- 
ing a  corporation  known  as  the  "  Contributors  to 
the  Relief  and  Employment  of  the  Poor  within  the 
City  of  Philadelphia."  Every  person  who  contrib- 
uted ten  pounds  toward  the  purposes  of  the  alms- 
house  became  a  member  of  the  corporation.  The 
managers  purchased  the  lot  of  ground  bounded  by 
Spruce,  Pine,  Tenth  and  Eleventh  streets,  and  the 
alms,  or  bettering-house,  as  it  was  called,  was 
built.  The  buildings  were  opened  in  October,  1767. 
Two  hundred  and  eighty-four  persons  were  ad- 
mitted to  the  almshouse  when  it  was  opened.  The 
old  house  at  Third  and  Spruce  streets  was  aban- 
doned. Before  the  end  of  the  year  the  number  of 
inmates  increased  to  three  hundred  and  sixty-eight. 
This  almshouse  in  turn  gave  way  to  "  Blockley," 
when  it  was  built  in  1835,  and  the  buildings  were 
torn  down.  Yet  as  long  as  Longfellow's  verse  lives 
this  old  place — and  a  beautiful  place  it  was,  quite 
unlike  our  modern  notions  of  an  almshouse — will 
live  too.  This  was  the  spot  he  chose  for  the  ten- 
der conclusion  of  his  poem  "  Evangeline." 

Matters  jogged  along  comfortably  with  the  watch- 
men under  the  superintendent  of  the  nightly  watch 
without  material  change  until  1833.  In  1811  there 
were  fourteen  constables,  one  for  each  ward,  and 
one  high  constable.  The  duties  of  the  latter  were 
to  walk  through  the  streets  daily  and  examine  all 
vagrant  and  disorderly  persons,  and  upon  refusal  to 
give  him  account  of  their  residence  and  employ- 
ment, or  not  giving  a  satisfactory  account,  to  carry 
such  persons  before  the  Mayor  or  an  alderman  to 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


HEAD-DRESS  FASHIONS,  1800. 
(From  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia.") 


72  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

be  dealt  with  according  to  law.  He  was  also  re- 
quired to  give  notice  of  all  nuisances  or  obstructions 
in  the  streets  to  the  City  Commissioners,  or  Mayor; 
and  of  offences  committed  against  the  laws  in  force 
and  of  the  names  of  the  offenders  and  witnesses, 
and  generally  to  superintend  the  execution  of  and 
cause  the  obedience  to  the  ordinances  in  force,  and 
"to  do  all  such  things  as  the  Councils,  Mayor  or 
recorder  shall  direct,  touching  the  order,  regulation 
and  policy  of  the  city."  In  that  year  an  additional 
high  constable  was  appointed  by  the  Mayor,  under 
ordinance  of  Councils.  The  salary  of  each  was  $700 
per  annum.  There  were  thirty-two  watchmen  at 
that  time  "who  cry  the  hour,"  and  six  who  visited 
the  boxes  of  the  others,  to  insure  a  punctual  per- 
formance of  their  duty.  The  whole  were  under  the 
direction  of  the  captain  of  the  watch.  The  captain 
of  the  watch  attended  at  the  old  Court-House  every 
night  to  receive  "  the  vagrants,  rioters  or  thieves  " 
who  might  be  taken  up  by  the  watchmen,  and  "  to 
take  care  of  the  oil,  wick,  etc.,"  of  which  he  was 
required  to  render  an  account  to  the  City  Commis- 
sioners, monthly,  of  the  quantity  received,  ex- 
pended, and  on  hand.  There  were,  in  1810,  eleven 
hundred  and  thirty-two  lamps  in  the  city.  The  pay 
of  the  watchmen  was  fourteen  dollars  per  month, 
besides  which  they  received  27  cents  extra 
wages  for  each  lamp  under  their  care.  Besides  this 
it  is  gravely  stated  that  they  also  "  have  the  gratu- 
ity of  a  great-coat."  The  total  cost  of  lighting  and 
watching  the  city  in  1809  amounted  to  $19,263.73. 

Early  in    1814   a    resolution  was  introduced  into 
Councils    providing    for   watchmen    and    lamps     in 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  73 

Centre  Square,  as  Penn  Square  was  then  called. 
Councils  thought  the  scheme  "  too  gorgeous,"  and 
the  citizens  were  bound  to  be  content  with  having 
watchmen  placed  on  duty  at  the  Centre  Square 
engine-house. 

About  this  same  time  much  difficulty  was  expe- 
rienced in  satisfactorily  lighting  the  streets  of  the 
city,  in  consequence  of  the  increasing  scarcity  of 
oil,  a  result  of  the  war  of  1812,  which  interfered  with 
the  whale  fisheries.  A  plan  was  adopted  for  burn- 
ing tallow  and  lard  instead  of  oil,  and  the  public 
lamps  altered  accordingly.  In  1810  the  Northern 
Liberties  required  better  police  protection,  and  in 
November  of  that  year  a  nightly  watch  was  organ- 
ized and  the  district  provided  with  lamps.  In  1811 
the  force  was  increased,  and  a  captain  of  the  watch 
appointed.  The  district  of  Southwark  followed,  in 
1812,  with  an  ordinance  appropriating  five  thousand 
dollars  for  establishing  a  nightly  watch,  and  erecting 
public  lamps. 

In  1831  the  arrangement  of  the  watch  was  con- 
sidered a  very  efficient  one,  *'  as  the  infrequence  of 
fire,  robberies,  and  disturbances  of  the  peace  suffi- 
ciently prove,"  says  a  chronicle  of  that  time.  The 
whole  number  of  the  city  watch,  including  the  cap- 
tain and  lieutenant,  was  106.  They  were  divided 
into  the  following  classes :  16  silent,  or  captain 
and  lieutenant's  watch  ;  50  north  and  south  watch, 
or  lamplighters  ;  31  east  and  west  watch,  four  market 
watch,  two  turnkeys,  and  three  watchmen  at  the 
City  Hall  and  Independence  Square  and  at  the 
bridge,  whose  duty  it  was  to  watch  the  city  property. 
The  city  at  that  time  was  divided  into  two  districts, 


74  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Eastern  and  Western.  The  Eastern  district  ex- 
tended from  the  Delaware  to  Eighth  Street,  and 
from  the  southern  to  the  northern  bounds  of  the 
city  as  then  established,  which  was  under  the  par- 
ticular charge  of  the  captain  of  the  watch.  This 
officer  had  his  quarters  at  the  old  Court-House,  at 
Second  and  Market  streets.  He  had  under  his  com- 
mand eight  silent  watch,  21  north  and  south  watch, 
or  lamplighters,  eight  east  and  west  watch,  one 
turnkey  and  the  market  watch.  The  Western  district 
included  that  part  of  the  city  between  Eighth  Street 
and  the  Schuylkill,  from  the  southern  to  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  the  city,  and  was  under  the  care 
of  the  lieutenant  of  the  watch,  whose  quarters  were 
at  the  Western  Watch  House,  at  the  corner  of 
Broad  and  Filbert  streets.  Under  his  command 
were  eight  silent  watch,  26  north  and  south  watch. 
1 7  east  and  west  watch,  and  one  turnkey. 

It  was  the  duty  of  the  north  and  south  watch- 
men to  light  and  keep  in  order  all  the  lamps.  The 
lamps  were  lighted  previous  to  setting  the  watch, 
for  which  the  watchmen  received  25  cents  per 
month  for  each  lamp,  in  addition  to  their  monthly 
wages,  which  were  at  that  time  fixed  at  $18.  The 
lamps  were  not  lighted  on  moonlight  nights.  The 
east  and  west  watchmen  received  $20  a  month. 
On  December  31,  1829,  there  were  2016  lamps 
within  the  charter  bounds  of  the  city.  For  a  time 
swinging  or  "  suspension  lamps  "  were  used.  They 
were  placed  at  the  intersection  of  streets,  suspended 
on  a  chain  running  diagonally  across  the  streets. 
At  each  end  of  the  chain  were  weights  running  up 
and  down  in  posts,  bored  out  for  the  purpose.  When 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


75 


a  watchman  wished  to  light  or  arrange  a  lamp  he 
pulled  it  down  with  a  hook  at  the  end  of  a  pole. 
This  arrangement  did  not  work  satisfactorily  and 
was  abandoned  for  lamps  set  on  top  of  posts. 

The  watch  was  set  at  ten  o'clock.  Each  watch- 
man went  in  a  direct  line  for  four  squares,  and 
turned  no  corners  except  into  alleys,  etc.,  that  lead 
from  the  street  allotted  to  him.  The  four  squares 
formed  the  watchman's  district,  through  which  he 
had  to  pass  once  in  each  hour.  For  example  :  an 
east  and  west  watchman  would  set  out  from  the 
wharf  on  Arch  Street,  and  pass  up  Arch  Street,  on 
the  north  side,  to  Fourth  Street,  and  return  on  the 
south  side  to  the  wharf,  visiting  each  alley  as  he 
went  and  returned.  Others  went  westward  from 
Eighth  street,  and  from  Eighth  to  Twelfth  streets, 
etc.  Others  passed  along  Water,  Front,  Second, 
Third,  Fourth  streets,  etc.,  from  Vine  to  Market 
Street,  and  return.  So  that  while  the  east  and  west 
watchmen  were  travelling  east  and  -west,  the 
north  and  south  watchmen  were  crossing  them  at 
the  intersection  of  every  street.  The  cost  of 
maintaining  the  watch  in  1829  was  $28,704.96. 
The  wrhole  expense  for  lighting  and  watching  the 
city,  $49,586.73. 

Stephen  Girard,  among  his  many  other  benefac- 
tions, did  not  forget  the  police  force  of  the  city  in  his 
will,  and  by  it  devised  money  for  enlarging  its  use- 
fulness and  improvement  of  the  system.  Under 
this  stimulus  considerable  activity  was  manifested, 
and  in  1833  the  city  was  divided  into  four  equal  di- 
visions for  public  purposes.  Each  division  was  ap- 
portioned into  three  sections.  There  were  d  captain 


76  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

of  the  watch  and  a  lieutenant  of  the  city  police  for 
each  division.  For  each  section  there  was  an  inspec- 
tor of  police  to  superintend  the  policemen  and  watch- 
men, subject  to  the  orders  of  the  lieutenant  of  the 
division.  The  force  was  increased  to  twenty-four 
day  policemen,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  watch- 
men by  night.  Suitable  watch-houses  were  pro- 
vided for  each  section  ;  there  were,  therefore, 
twelve  watch-houses.  The  watch-house  for  the 
northern  section  of  the  city  proper  stood  upon 
the  north  side  of  Cherry  Street,  east  of  Fifth. 
Another  was  on  the  south  side  of  Union  Street,  be- 
tween Third  and  Fourth,  opposite  the  spot  where 
the  Third  District  police  station  now  stands.  On 
Broad  Street,  near  Arch,  was  the  western  watch- 
house,  on  the  site  now  partly  covered  by  the  Ma- 
sonic Temple.  The  watch-houses  of  the  district 
corporation  were  established  at  the  Commissioner's 
halls. 

This  development  of  the  police  force  seems,  how- 
ever, to  have  been  too  rapid,  and  in  1835  the  ar- 
rangements as  then  constituted  were  considered  so 
unsatisfactory  and  expensive  that  a  new  ordinance 
was  passed  reducing  the  number  of  day  police  and 
the  number  of  watch-houses.  Nothing  more  typi- 
cally Philadelphian  than  this  cautious  retrogression 
can  be  well  imagined. 

Riots  have  not  been  numerous  in  Philadelphia, 
but  still  there  have  been  some.  The  first  one  of 
which  there  is  any  record  occurred  in  1 738,  under 
the  regime  of  Governor  Thomas.  The  ballot-box 
for  the  whole  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia  was 
opened  at  the  Court-House  on  Market  Street  early 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


77 


on  the  morning  of  Oct.  ist.  Both  parties  assem- 
bled in  large  numbers  in  the  vicinity,  and  crowds, 
mostly  Germans,  came  in  from  the  surrounding 
country.  The  Governor's  party,  so  it  is  said,  had 
engaged  a  gang  of  sailors,  from  the  ships  then  in 
the  harbor,  to  attack  the  voters  and  drive  them 
from  the  polls.  Soon  after  the  people  had  assem- 
bled, these  sailors  appeared,  marching  through  the 
streets  in  a  riotous  manner.  They  attacked  the 
men  at  the  polls  with  clubs,  knocking  down  all 
who  came  in  their  way.  Having  cleared  the  ground 
the  rioters  retired,  but  returned  as  soon  as  the  polls 
were  opened.  They  took  possession  of  the  stairway 
leading  to  the  ballot-box,  and  beat  back  the  mem- 
bers of  the  country  party  who  came  forward  to  vote. 
The  "  negro  riots,"  as  they  have  since  been  called, 
were  on  August  i,  1842.  They  were  caused  in 
the  first  place  by  a  disturbance  between  colored 
people  who  were  in  a  procession  of  the  "  Moya- 
mensing  Temperance  Society  "  and  boys  and  other 
whites  who  were  on  the  streets.  The  police  made 
arrests  which  caused  excitement.  The  dwellings 
inhabited  by  blacks  on  Lombard  Street,  between 
Fifth  and  Eighth,  and  in  the  various  small  courts 
and  alleys  adjacent,  which  was  the  negro  quarter 
of  the  city  then  as  now,  were  attacked  by  a  mob 
of  whites.  Negroes  were  assaulted  and  beaten  ; 
windows  and  doors  smashed  and  furniture  thrown 
out  of  the  houses.  The  excitement  was  about  sub- 
siding when  the  discharge  of  a  gun  by  a  black  man  in 
Bradford's  Alley  added  new  fierceness  to  it.  The 
man  who  had  discharged  the  gun  retreated  to  a 
house  for  safety,  which  was  broken  open  and  all 


78  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

the  colored  people  within  dragged  out  and  beaten. 
The  city  police  interfered  in  their  behalf,  and  while 
they  were  being  taken  to  the  Mayor's  office,  efforts 
were  made  to  rescue  them  from  the  officers.  The 
rioting  continued  through  the  evening,  when  the 
houses  occupied  by  colored  people  between  Seventh 
and  Eighth  streets  were  broken  open  and  the  inmates 
assaulted  and  injured.  "  Smith's  Beneficial  Hall," 
a  large  building  on  the  north  side  of  Lombard  Street, 
used  by  colored  men  as  a  place  of  meeting  for  liter- 
ary and  beneficial  societies,  was  an  object  of  attack. 
A  strong  force  of  police  was  stationed  in  front  of  the 
building,  and  although  at  times  the  officers  were 
sorely  pressed,  they  kept  the  mob  at  a  distance.  But 
while  they  were  guarding  the  front  the  enemy  was 
successful  in  the  rear.  Entrance  was  gained  to  the 
building,  and  suddenly  flames  were  seen  breaking 
from  the  upper  stories.  The  building  was  entirely 
burned  and  the  destruction  complete.  Damage  was 
done  to  adjoining  buildings  by  the  falling  walls. 
While  this  fire  was  in  progress,  the  old  church  build- 
ing of  the  Society  of  Covenanters,  on  St.  Mary 
Street,  which  had  passed  into  the  possession  of  a  re- 
ligious society  of  colored  people,  was  found  to  be  in 
flames.  Nothing  was  saved  but  the  walls.  By  mid- 
night the  excitement  died  out  and  the  rioting  ceased. 
Early  in  1843  were  the  weavers'  riots  in  Kensing- 
ton. The  disturbances  were  brought  about  by  dis- 
putes among  the  working  weavers  as  to  their  wages. 
The  sheriff,  the  late  Hon.  Wm.  A.  Porter,  tried  to 
quell  the  rioters  and  called  out  a  posse,  but  he  and 
his  force  were  compelled  to  retreat.  The  citizen 
soldiers  being  called  into  the  field,  the  rioters  were 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  79 

dispersed.      These   riots  were   followed  by  what  are 
known  as  the  "  Native  American  riots"  of  1844. 

The  first  Native  American  meeting  in  Philadel- 
phia was  held  at  Germantown  in  1837.  In  their 
constitution  it  was  declared  that  while  they  invited 
the  stranger,  worn  down  by  oppression  at  home,  to 
come  and  share  with  us  the  blessings  of  our  native 
land,  they  denied  his  right  to  have  a  voice  in  legisla- 
tive halls,  and  his  eligibility  to  office  under  any  cir- 
cumstances. The  movement  progressed  very  rap- 
idly, and  in  1844  there  was  a  Native  American  associ- 
ation in  almost  every  ward  in  the  city  and  township 
and  district  of  the  county.  On  the  third  of  May,  a 
meeting  was  held  to  establish  a  Native  American 
association  in  the  Third  Ward,  Kensington,  upon 
an  open  lot  at  the  south-west  corner  of  Master  and 
Second  streets.  About  three  hundred  persons  were 
present,  and  while  a  speaker  was  addressing  the 
meeting  an  attack  was  made  upon  it  by  a  number 
of  persons  armed  with  clubs  and  the  members  of 
the  meeting  driven  away.  The  breaking  up  of  the 
meeting  caused  intense  excitement,  particularly  as  it 
was  alleged  that  the  persons  making  the  attack  were 
all  foreigners  by  birth,  and  the  majority  Irishmen. 
The  members  of  the  dispersed  meeting  repaired  to 
another  place  in  the  neighborhood,  and  passed  reso- 
lutions denouncing  the  outrage  upon  them,  and  de- 
termined that  in  maintenance  of  their  constitutional 
rights  to  peaceably  assemble  and  discuss  public 
measures,  they  would  adjourn  to  meet  on  the  suc- 
ceeding Monday,  May  6,  at  the  place  from  which 
they  had  been  driven.  The  discussion  of  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  affair  in  the  newspapers  wrought 


go  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

public  excitement  to  fever  heat,  but  when  the  day 
of  meeting  arrived,  it  was  opened  quietly  and  went 
on  without  interruption  until  a  sudden  shower  of 
rain  put  the  assemblage  to  flight.  Its  members  took 
refuge  in  the  market-house  in  Washington  (Ameri- 
can) Street,  above  Master,  when  the  meeting  was 
reorganized  and  a  speaker  began  to  address  them. 
On  the  outskirts  of  the  assemblage  were  persons 
who  were  evidently  opposed  to  the  object  of  the 
meeting,  and  attempted  to  prevent  its  continuance. 
A  quarrel  between  them  and  persons  composing  the 
meeting  ensued,  and  a  pistol  was  discharged. 

The  Hibernia  Hose  Company's  house  was  located 
on  Cadwallader  Street,  only  separated  from  the 
market-house,  where  the  meeting  was  held,  by  a 
vacant  piece  of  ground.  As  soon  as  the  pistol  shot 
was  heard,  a  window  in  the  hose-house  was  raised, 
and  a  gun  pointed  in  the  direction  of  the  meeting 
and  fired.  This  was  followed  by  an  irregular  volley 
of  shots  from  the  same  place.  In  a  few  moments 
guns  were  again  fired,  some  from  the  hose-house  and 
some  from  the  house  tops  in  the  neighborhood. 
The  majority  of.  the  persons  in  the  market-house 
scattered  and  ran,  but  some  held  their  ground  and 
threw  stones  and  brickbats  towards  the  houses. 
Some  of  those  driven  away  procured  arms,  and, 
returning  to  the  scene,  a  regular  battle  ensued. 
During  the  skirmish  George  Stuffier,  a  lad  eighteen 
years  old,  was  mortally  wounded,  and  died  soon 
afterwards.  It  is  said  that  when  shot  he  was 
defending  an  American  flag,  to  prevent  its  being 
carried  off  by  an  Irishman.  The  ShifHer  Hose  Com- 
pany, organized  about  that  time,  was  named  in  his 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  gl 

honor.  Eleven  others  were  wounded,  all  Ameri- 
cans, but  none  fatally. 

The  intelligence  of  these  transactions  flew  through 
the  city  like  wildfire,  and  created  great  excitement, 
and  thousands  of  persons  were  attracted  to  the  scene. 
The  bulk  of  the  crowd  was  in  Second  Street,  near 
Franklin,  the  Girard  Avenue  of  to-day.  In  the 
evening,  about  ten  o'clock,  stones  and  bricks  were 
thrown  against  houses  said  to  be  occupied  by  Roman 
Catholics.  An  attack  was  made  upon  the  house  at 
Second  and  Phcenix  (Thompson)  streets,  which 
was  occupied  by  sisters  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church  as  a  seminary.  Guns  were  fired  from  the 
upper  stories,  and  two  spectators,  John  N.  Wright 
and  Nathan  D.  Ramsay,  who  were  not  taking  any 
part  in  the  riot,  were  shot,  one  being  killed  on  the 
spot  and  the  other  dying  soon  afterwards. 

The  reports  of  these  occurrences  in  the  news- 
papers the  next  morning  intensified  the  excitement. 
The  Sun  and  Native  American  papers  issued  extras, 
calling  upon  the  citizens  to  assemble  in  the  State 
House  yard  at  half-past  three  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon. The  town  was  also  posted  with  placards  to 
the  same  effect,  and  bearing  the  words,  "  Let  every 
man  come  prepared  to  defend  himself  !" 

A  large  and  tumultuous  crowd  gathered  at  this 
meeting,  which,  after  organizing,  adjourned  to  meet 
forthwith  on  Washington  (American)  Street,  between 
the  market-house  and  the  houses  on  Cadwallader 
Street  from  which  the  firing  had  come  on  the  pre- 
vious day.  The  crowd  being  assembled  there  a 
movement  was  made  to  hoist  an  American  flag  on 
the  spot  where  Shiftier  fell,  when  a  volley  of  musketry 


82  THE  PHILADELPHIA   POLICE, 

poured  into  the  meeting  from  the  Hibernia  Hose- 
house.  The  members  of  the  meetine  at  the  Court 

<_^ 

House  were  unarmed,  notwithstanding  the  request 
that  they  should  come  prepared,  but  they  were 
joined  while  marching"  to  the  new  meeting-place 
by  some  persons  carrying  guns.  After  the  shots 
were  fired  from  the  hose-house  an  attack  was  made 
upon  it.  It  was  broken  open  and  the  hose-carriage 
ran  out  and  broken  to  pieces.  The  house  itself  was 
then  set  on  fire.  The  battle  raged  furiously  about 
it  and  numbers  were  killed  and  wounded  on  both 
sides.  The  flames  from  the  burning  hose-house 
spread  to  other  buildings,  and  altogether  about 
thirty  houses  were  destroyed,  among  them  the 
"  Nanny-Goat  Market,"  as  the  market-house  at  that 
point  was  called.  The  firemen  were  driven  off  by 
the  rioters,  and  were  not  permitted  to  make  any  ef- 
forts towards  putting  out  the  fire.  The  sheriff  called 
for  the  military,  who  first  refused  to  respond,  but 
afterwards,  about  dark,  the  troops  marched  upon  the 
ground  and  the  firemen  proceeded  to  check  the 
flames  under  the  protection  of  the  military.  The 
mob  dispersed,  and  during  the  night  there  was  no 
further  disturbance. 

On  the  following  day,  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
of  St.  Michael,  at  the  corner  of  Second  and  Jefferson 
streets,  was  set  on  fire.  The  rector's  house  adjoining 
and  some  frame  buildings  were  also  destroyed.  The 
Female  Seminary  at  Second  and  Phcenix  streets, 
which  had  repelled  the  former  attack,  was  set  on  fire 
and  consumed.  Many  other  houses  were  burned. 
While  these  outrages  were  being  perpetrated  in 
Kensington,  other  parts  of  the  city  were  left  un- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  83 

guarded.  It  was  rumored  during  the  day  that  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  of  St.  Augustine,  on  Fourth 
Street,  below  Vine,  would  be  attacked,  and  the 
Mayor,  John  M.  Scott,  with  a  body  of  police,  repaired 
to  the  church  to  protect  it.  The  police  were  sta- 
tioned on  the  pavement  in  front  of  the  church,  and 
the  First  City  Troop  of  Cavalry  was  stationed  in 
the  neighborhood.  Throngs  of  people  came  to  the 
scene,  and  thousands  stood  looking  at  the  church,  but 
no  demonstration  of  violence  was  made  to  attract  at- 
tention. But  while  the  police  stood  on  guard  out- 
side, somebody  had  secretly  entered  the  church  and 
kindled  a  fire,  the  light  of  which  was  soon  seen  with- 
out. The  firemen,  who  were  upon  the  ground,  made 
no  effort  to  quench  the  flames,  but  devoted  them- 
selves to  saving  adjoining  property.  The  fire  gained 
in  strength,  and  soon  broke  forth  from  the  roof,  and 
windows  in  the  front  of  the  church.  Shortly  the 
steeple  was  wrapped  in  flames,  and  as  the  glittering 
cross  which  crowned  it  tottered  and  fell,  the  crowd 
below  gave  vent  to  a  yell  of  exultation.  Nothing 
was  left  standing  but  the  bare  walls.  Adjoining 
buildings  were  also  consumed.  The  troops  on  duty 
in  Kensington,  when  news  of  these  occurrences 
reached  them,  were  marched  to  the  city  and  detach- 
ments placed  as  guards  over  the  Catholic  churches. 

At  a  meeting  of  City  Councils,  held  on  the  evening 
of  the  8th,  it  was  agreed  that  $20,000  be  appropriated 
to  the  police  committee  to  increase  the  force  tem- 
porarily in  order  to  maintain  the  peace.  At  a  public 
meeting  of  the  citizens,  called  by  the  mayor  on  the 
9th,  it  was  arranged  that  the  citizens  organize  in  the 
several  wards.  The  aldermen  of  the  wards  organized 


84  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

these  companies.  Each  man  was  furnished  with  a 
white  muslin  badge,  intended  to  be  worn  round  the 
hat,  on  which  were  printed  the  words,  "  Peace  police." 
They  were  divided  into  patrols  for  the  blocks  and 
divisions  of  each  ward,  and  were  on  duty  all  that 
night.  Major-General  Patterson  called  out  the  whole 
division  of  troops  under  him,  and  established  his 
headquarters  at  Girard  Bank.  Governor  David  R. 
Porter  arrived  in  the  city  the  same  day,  and  issued  a 
proclamation  in  relation  to  the  late  events,  and  the 
soldiers  were  ordered  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the 
sheriff.  These  strenuous  measures  to  restore  and 
maintain  order  were  successful  and  the  disturbances 
ceased. 

In  July  trouble  was  experienced  again,  when  the 
troops  were  once  more  called  upon  to  suppress  the 
rioters,  and  Governor  Porter  called  out  a  consider- 
able number  of  troops  from  other  counties  of  the 
State  near  Philadelphia.  City  Councils  also  passed 
an  ordinance  "  to  provide  for  the  preservation  of  the 
peace  of  the  city,"  and  under  it  a  battalion  of  artil- 
lery, a  regiment  of  infantry  and  a  troop  of  horse, 
making  in  all  one  thousand  three  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  were  enrolled  and  equipped. 

In  face' of  the  disorders  and  violence  then  so  preva- 
lent, the  necessity  of  strengthening  the  hands  of  the 
civil  authorities  for  the  preservation  of  peace  be- 
came a  matter  of  paramount  consideration.  The 
municipal  divisions  of  government  of  the  city  and 
county  were  a  great  hindrance  to  the  preservation 
of  order.  A  boundary  street,  running  between  one 
district  and  another,  was  as  effectual  a  barrier  to  the 
passage  of  a  policeman  or  constable  across  it  to  an 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  85 

adjoining  district  as  the  Chinese  wall.  When  there 
were  riots  in  Moyamensing,  the  city  police  might  be 
massed  in  a  body  on  the  north  side  of  Cedar  or 
South  streets,  and  be  witnesses  of  the  riot,  murder 
or  arson  within  fifty  feet  of  their  station  without 
having  the  right  to  interfere.  A  riot  in  the  city  was 
likewise  no  affair  of  the  police  of  the  districts.  The 
latter,  indeed,  were  of  small  account,  few  in  number, 
and  dependent  in  emergency  upon  re-enforcement 
from  the  district  constables,  who  had  been  the 
conservators  of  the  peace  from  time  immemorial. 
But  in  the  city  and  county  at  this  time  they  had 
practically  ceased  to  exercise  their  functions,  and 
made  scarcely  any  attempt  to  discharge  other  duties 
than  those  connected  with  civil  proceedings,  the 
serving  of  writs  of  summons  and  subpoenas,  etc.  Of 
the  peace  of  the  county,  the  sheriff  was  the  conser- 
vator. He  had  large  power ;  he  might  summon  the 
posse  comitatus.  The  whole  power  of  the  county 
was  subject  to  his  command,  but  if  the  power  should 
refuse  to  come,  it  was  a  great  legal  puzzle  to  the 
sheriff  and  his  advisers  how  he  could  compel  its  at- 
tendance. A  few  friends  or  citizens  might  rally 
round  his  standard,  but  even  they  considered  them- 
selves volunteers,  with  no  compulsion  to  serve  or  re- 
main in  service  longer  than  they  chose.  Hence  it 
was  that  the  only  hope  of  the  sheriff  in  great  tur- 
bulance  was  in  calling  out  the  armed  militia,  but 
whether  he  had  any  power  to  do  so  was  a  debatable 
question.  The  volunteers  themselves  did  not  fancy 
the  sort  of  work  which  turned  them  into  constables. 
Coming  from  among  the  citizens,  some  of  them  were 
likely  to  be  influenced  by  the  same  passions  and 


86  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

prejudices  that  were  carried  to  extremities  by  the 
mob.  Many  of  them  did  not  desire  to  be  placed  in 
a  position  of  antagonism  to  their  fellow-citizens,  and 
the  duty  of  enforcing  the  civil  laws  in  times  of  ex- 
citement was  not  pleasant.  Added  to  all  this  was 
the  idea  that  they  were  troops  of  the  State,  organized 
under  the  laws  of  the  Commonwealth,  subject  only 
to  the  Governor  as  Commander-in-chief  of  their 
superior  officers.  There  were  several  occasions  dur- 
ing which  the  sheriffs  or  mayors  sought  assistance 
of  the  volunteers  in  time  of  danger,  and  when  their 
services  were  either  refused  or  given  with  reluctance. 
In  consequence  of  this  state  of  affairs  some  of  the 
most  influential  citizens  called  a  meeting,  at  which 
an  address  was  adopted,  and  the  draft  of  a 
law  prepared  for  presentation  to  the  Legislature, 
consolidating  the  city  and  districts  in  one  corpora- 
tion. The  plan  met  with  opposition  among  other 
citizens.  These  held  a  meeting  and  prepared 
memorials  to  Councils  and  the  Legislature  against 
it,  but  recommending,  instead,  the  establishment  by 
Act  of  Assembly  of  a  police  system  for  the  city  and 
districts.  Under  this  influence  the  Legislature 
passed  the  desired  law,  April  12,  1845.  Under  its 
provisions  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and  the  incor- 
porated districts  of  Spring  Garden,  Northern  Lib- 
erties and  Penn,  and  the  township  of  Moyamensing, 
were  required  to  establish  and  maintain  police  forces 
of  "  not  less  than  one  able-bodied  man  for  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  tax-payable  inhabitants,"  for  the  pre- 
vention of  riots  and  the  preservation  of  the 
public  peace.  A  superintendent  of  police  was 
'  required  to  be  elected  for  the  city  and  for  each 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


district.  If  there  was  failure  in  any  section  to 
comply  with  the  law,  the  city,  township  or  dis- 
trict so  failing  was  to  be  held  responsible  for  all 
damage  and  loss  of  property  occasioned  by  riot  or 
tumult  within  its  territorial  limits.  In  case  of  any 
riot  occurring  which  the  police  force  of  the  district 
was  unable  to  suppress,  the  sheriff  had  authority  to 
call  on  the  several  superintendents  of  police  for  the 
whole  or  any  part  of  their  forces.  In  case  twelve 
or  more  persons  were  unlawfully,  riotously  and 
tumultuously  assembled,  the  sheriff  or  his  deputies 
or  the  police  superintendents  were  authorized  "  to 
go  among  them,  or  so  near  to  them  as  he  can  safely 
go,  and  there  with  a  loud  voice  make  proclamation, 
in  the  name  of  the  Commonwealth,  requiring  and 
commanding  all  persons  there  so  unlawfully,  riot- 
ously and  tumultuously  assembled,  and  all  other 
persons  not  being  there  on  duty  as  police,  immedi- 
ately to  disperse  themselves,  and  peaceably  to  de- 
part to  their  habitations  or  to  their  lawful  business," 
or,  in  other  words,  to  read  them  the  riot  act.  To 
continue  there  after  such  proclamation  was  of  itself 
a  misdemeanor  to  be  punished  by  imprisonment, 
and  every  one  who  remained  on  the  ground  might 
be  arrested.  This  statute  also  clearly  established 
the  right  of  the  sheriff  to  call  upon  the  major-gen- 
eral commanding  the  military  division  of  the  city 
or  county  or  his  assistants,  upon  certifying  to  him 
that  there  was  an  existing  riot  or  tumult  which  the 
police  force  under  his  command  was,  in  his  opin- 
ion, not  competent  to  suppress  without  further  aid. 
The  troops  were  authorized  to  "  proceed  in  military 
array  and  subordination,  and  by  military  force  in 


88  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

any  part  of  the  City  and  County  to  restore  the 
public  peace,"  and  to  proceed  in  the  suppression  of 
riots  and  the  like,  as  in  the  case  of  war  or  public 
insurrection. 

Prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  there  was  a 
police  superintendent  in  each  district  who  was  inde- 
pendent of  the  superintendents,  Councils  or  com- 
missioners of  other  districts. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  89 


CHAPTER  IV. 

BIRTH  AND  INFANCY  OF  THE  PRESENT  SYSTEM. 
(1850—1858.) 

THE  RULE  OF  THE  "  GANGS." — ST.  MARY  STREET  RIOT. — A 
POLICE  MARSHALATE  CREATED. — WORKINGS  OF  THE 
NEW  SYSTEM. — GROWTH  OF  THE  CONSOLIDATION  IDEA. 
—PASSAGE  OF  THE  ACT. — MAYOR  CONRAD'S  ELECTION. 
—REORGANIZATION  OF  THE  FORCE. — THE  NEW 
MAYOR'S  RINGING  MESSAGE. — THE  "  AMERICAN  BIRTH  " 
QUALIFICATION. — OPPOSITION  TO  A  UNIFORM. — EN- 
FORCEMENT OF  THE  SUNDAY  LAWS. — MAYOR  VAUX'S 
LARGE  FORCE. — FORMATION  OF  THE  RESERVES. — 
LOYAL  "RAT"  ALLEN. — THE  ALARM  TELEGRAPH 
INTRODUCED. 

IN  1850  a  radical  improvement  was  made  in  reor- 
ganization arfd  systematizing  the  public  arrange- 
ments. The  spirit  of  misrule  and  disorder  which 
had  been  growing  for  fifteen  or  sixteen  years  was  at 
its  height.  The  miserable  system  of  a  city  with 
adjacent  districts  each  independent  of  each  other  was 
a  protection  to  the  disorderly,  and  encouragement  to 
them  to  unite  for  the  purpose  of  showing  their  disre- 
gard of  law.  Organized  gangs  of  ruffians  and  thieves 
were  associated  under  such  names  as  Killers,  Blood 
Tubs,  Rats,  Bouncers,  Schuylkill  Rangers,  and 
other  euphonious  appellations.  The  walls  and 
fences  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  resorts  of  these 
gangs  were  decorated  with  their  titles  in  chalk  and 


90  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

paint.  It  was  noticeable  that  all  these  associations 
were  "  No.  i."  The  Killers  No.  i  fought  with  the 
Buffers  No.  i,  or  the  Rats  No.  i,  as  the  case  might 
be,  but  nobody  ever  heard -of  the  Killers,  Buffers, 
or  Rats,  No.  2.  These  associations  were  so  strong 
that  they  committed  depredations  with  impunity,  to 
the  terror  of  the  citizens,  and  in  contempt  and  defi- 
ance of  the  authorities  and  police.  The  district  of 
Moyamensing  was  particularly  afflicted  with  these 
gangs.  The  firemen  in  the  district  were  also  in 
deadly  enmity.  A  fight  which  took  place  in  that 
district  in  June,  on  Sunday,  lasted  nearly  all  day, 
and  was  fought  with  bricks,  stones,  and  fire-arms, 
in  the  public  streets,  ranging  from  Eighth  to 
EJeventh,  and  from  Christian  to  Fitzwater  streets. 
Two  weeks  afterward  a  shed  on  Shippen  Street, 
between  Ninth  and  Tenth,  was  fired  purposely. 
The  carriage  of  the  Franklin  Hose,  while  proceed- 
ing toward  the  place,  was  seized  by  a  gang  who  were 
lying  in  wait,  run  down  to  the  Delaware  and  pushed 
into  the  river.  In  retaliation  a  shed  on  another 
part  of  Shippen  Street  was  set  on  fire  the  same 
night,  and  the  Moyamensing  Hose,  while  going  to 
the  fire  was  attacked  by  adherents  of  the  Franklin 
Hose.  A  fight  took  place  with  fire-arms,  in  course 
of  which  Alexander  Gillies  was  killed  and  nine  or 
ten  wounded.  A  fire  was  as  likely  to  be  an  incen- 
diary attempt  to  lure  a  hostile  company  into  a  dis- 
trict where  it  could  be  taken  in  ambush  as  to  have 
been  an  accidental  occurrence. 

The  historic  precincts  of  St.  Mary  Street  were  the 
scene  of  a  serious  riot  on  the  night  of  election  day, 
October  9,  1849.  The  neighborhood  was  inhab- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  9! 

ited  by  colored  people,  and  they  were  greatly 
alarmed  by  rumors  started  during  the  day  that  an 
attack  would  be  made  at  night  upon  a  large  four- 
story  brick  building,  at  the  north-west  corner  of 
Sixth  and  St.  Mary  streets,  called  the  California 
House,  a  tavern  frequented  by  blacks.  The  propri- 
etor was  a  mulatto  and  his  wife  a  white  woman. 
This  case  of  miscegenation  was  well  known,  and 
had  been  the  subject  of  hints  of  violence  before  that- 
time.  In  the  evening  of  the  day  named,  an  old 
wagon,  on  which  combustibles  were  placed  and  set 
on  fire,  was  dragged  by  a  party  of  men  from  the 
lower  end  of  Moyamensing  up  Seventh  Street  as  far 
as  St.  Mary  Street,  and  through  the  latter  towards 
Sixth.  Nothing  might  have  come  of  this  if  it  had 
not  been  for  the  rumors  of  the  day ;  but  many  of  the 
negroes  anticipated  an  attack  and  prepared  for  it. 
When  the  blazing  wagon  came  into  St.  Mary  Street 
the  blacks  threw  bricks  and  stones  at  the  party 
drawing  it.  This  assault  of  course  met  with  retalia- 
tion and  the  riot  began.  An  attack  was  made  on 
the  California  House,  which  was  resisted  by  a  party 
of  colored  persons  in  the  house,  who  had  congregated 
to  defend  it,  by  throwing  missiles  from  the  doors 
and  windows.  Bricks,  stones  and  fire-arms  were 
used  against  the  assailants.  Finally  the  attacking 
party  triumphed,  and  gaining  an  entrance  to  the 
house,  went  to  work  in  the  bar-room,  broke  the 
fixtures  and  furniture,  piled  them  in  the  middle  of 
the  floor  and  set  them  on  fire. 

The  city  police,  unarmed,  now  came  upon  the 
scene.  They  encountered  the  rioters  armed  with 
revolvers,  knives,  clubs  and  stones.  The  officers 


92  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

were  boldly  attacked,  and  notwithstanding  a  valiant 
fight,  were  compelled  to  retire  as  far  as  Lombard 
Street,  where  they  endeavored  to  hold  in  check  a 
body  of  excited  blacks  who  wanted  to  take  a  hand 
in  the  fight.  They  were  kept  in  restraint  for  a 
short  time,  but  tearing  up  bricks  and  paving-stones 
they  broke  through  the  file  of  officers  and  made  a 
rush  for  St.  Mary  Street,  where  they  took  part  in  the 
fight.  The  California  House  did  not  burn  rapidly 
enough  to  suit  the  rioters,  and  they  tore  out  the  gas 
fixtures  and.  set  the  gas  free.  Soon  the  building 
was  in  a  fierce  blaze,  and  the  alarm  of  fire  was 
sounded.  The  firemen  with  their  apparatus  repaired 
to  the  scene  and  encountered  strong  opposition. 
The  members  of  the  Hope  Fire  Company,  prepar- 
ing to  go  into  service,  were  beaten  off,  their  engine 
taken  from  them,  run  up  St.  Mary  Street  and  aban- 
doned. The  Good  Will  Fire  Company  was  received 
at  St.  Mary  Street  with  a  volley  from  fire-arms. 
Charles  Himmelwright,  a  member,  was  shot  and  died 
in  three  minutes,  and  John  Hollick,  also  a  mem- 
ber, was  mortally  wounded.  The  California  House 
and  five  other  houses  were  burned.  The  rioting 
raged  until  midnight,  the  police  being  powerless  to 
do  anything  towards  effectually  quelling  it,  when  the 
State  House  bell  was  rung  to  call  out  the  military. 
On  this  signal,  which  was  known  to  the  rioters,  they 
retired,  and  when  the  soldiers  reached  the  scene, 
about  half-past  two  o'clock,  they  found  everything 
quiet.  They  accordingly  withdrew,  and  the  rioting 
was  renewed.  The  mob  made  a  rush  for  St.  Mary 
Street,  where  they  set  fire  to  a  frame  building  inhab- 
ited by  colored  people,  and  made  a  general  attack 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


93 


on  the  blacks.  The  Phoenix  Hose  Company,  on 
the  way  to  the  fire,  was  stopped,  the  members  as- 
saulted with  stones  and  clubs,  and  compelled  to  fly. 
The  Robert  Morris  hose-carriage  was  seized  and  run 
into  Moyamensing.  The  Diligent  Hose  Company 
had  its  hose  cut  and  injured.  The  firemen  at  length 
rallied,  and  by  fighting  their  way  through  to  the 
flames  succeeded  in  saving  the  burning  house. 
This  emboldened  the  blacks,  and  they  gathered  just 
before  daylight  and  maintained  a  furious  battle  with 
the  rioters  in  Fifth  Street  until  eight  o'clock.  At 
ten  o'clock  the  military  again  marched  to  the  scene, 
stationed  guards,  and  placed  two  cannon  in  front  of 
the  California  House.  Companies  and  sentries  were 
stationed  on  Sixth  Street,  at  Pine,  Lombard,  South, 
and  Shippen  streets,  and  on  the  cross-streets  at  Fifth 
and  Seventh  streets.  The  military  were  on  the 
ground  two  days,  when,  quiet  being  restored,  they 
were  withdrawn.  Four  persons  were  killed  in  the 
riot,  and  nine  whites  and  sixteen  blacks  were  taken 
to  the  hospital.  The  number  injured,  however,  was 
much  larger. 

In  the  face  of  all  these  facts,  it  was  very  evident 
that  the  time  had  come  for  some  decisive  measures 
for  the  better  preservation  of  the  peace  of  the  city, 
and  on  the  3d  of  May,  1850,  the  Legislature  passed 
an  act  directing  that  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia, 
Northern  Liberties,  Southwark,  Spring  Garden, 
Richmond  and  Penn  districts  should,  at  the  next 
fall  election,  choose  one  person  to  serve  for 
three  years  as  marshal  of  the  Philadelphia  Police 
District.  The  territory  was  subdivided :  the  city 
formed  four  police  divisions,  and  each  of  the  incor- 


94  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

porated  districts  of  the  county  was  a  division. 
There  was  a  lieutenant  of  police  for  each  division. 
The  policemen  were  not  to  exceed  one  for  every  one 
hundred  and  fifty  taxable  inhabitants,  nor  to  be  less 
than  one  for  every  six  hundred  taxables.  Councils 
and  the  Commissioners  nominated  to  the  Marshal 
three  times  the  number  of  policemen  required,  from 
which  he  made  his  selections.  A  police  board  was 
created,  consisting  of  the  presidents  of  the  two  coun- 
cils of  the  city,  and  of  the  presidents  of  the  various 
boards  of  commissioners  of  the  districts.  To  this 
board  was  committed  the  ways  and  means  of  raising 
a  force  and  paying  it.  This  force  was  to  act  in  con- 
junction with  the  regular  force  of  the  city  or  dis- 
tricts, or  independently  of  them  if  necessary.  It  was 
charged  especially  with  the  maintenance  of  the 
peace  of  the  police  district,  or  might  go  beyond  it 
into  any  part  of  the  county  if  necessary.  The  mar- 
shal was  granted  the  full  power  of  the  sheriff  in 
suppressing  riots  and  disorders,  and  of  arresting 
offenders  against  the  laws.  When,  in  his  opinion, 
the  existing  police  force  was  not  sufficient  to  sup- 
press disturbance,  he  had  authority  to  call  on  the 
major-general  commanding  the  military  division  to 
call  out  a  military  force  to  assist  in  maintaining 
the  law.  After  his  proclamation  to  evil-doers  to 
disperse,  if  they  refused,  he  could  proceed  to  full 
extremities,  as  in  case  of  war  or  public  insurrection. 

At  the  next  election,  which  was  the  following 
October,  John  S.  Keyser  was  elected  Police  Marshal. 
He  had  been  lieutenant  of  the  consolidated  police  of 
the  Spring  Garden  district,  where  he  had  shown  him- 
self to  be  vigilant  and  bold,  and  his  merits  were  well 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


95 


understood  by  the  people.  The  police  board  agreed 
that  the  number  of  policemen  should  consist  of  one 
for  every  four  hundred  taxable  inhabitants  of  the 
police  district,  and  that  the  salaries  should  be  four 
hundred  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly.  The 
force  was  small,  but  being  in  charge  of  a  man  of 
such  activity  and  courage  as  Marshal  Keyser,  the 
effect  was  wonderful.  The  lawless  clubs  and  associ- 
ations which  had  for  years  committed  disorder  and 
crime  were  subdued,  and  to  a  great  extent  broken 
up.  In  a  few  months  scarcely  any  of  them  pre- 
tended to  exist,  and  the  small  force  that  Marshal 
Keyser  had  was  managed  admirably.  The  marshal's 
office  and  chief  police  station  were  established  in  the 
Adelphi  Building,  on  Fifth  Street  below  Walnut. 
It  was  made  the  duty  of  the  City  Councils  and 
the  commissioners  of  the  districts  to  erect  suitable 
station-houses  for  the  police  in  proper  places,  which 
were  gradually  provided  in  different  sections  of  the 
city. 

A  set  of  signals  was  established  for  calling  the 
police  force  together.  The  officers  were  required  to 
repair  to  and  concentrate  at  the  station-house  indi- 
cated by  the  signal.  When  such  concentration  was 
required  at  any  station,  the  signal  was  given  by  the 
alarm-bell  at  that  station.  The  adjoining  stations 
promptly  answered  the  alarm  by  giving  the  same 
number  of  strokes  as  that  given  by  the  first  alarm- 
bell,  thereby  conveying  the  intelligence  to  the  next 
station,  and  so  on,  so  that  all  the  policemen  should 
at  once  proceed  to  the  station  indicated.  The  fact 
that  such  a  system  was  elaborated  shows  more 


96  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

plainly  than  description  can  the  extraordinary  law- 
lessness of  the  time. 

The  ruffians  in  the  districts  were  particularly  ac- 
tive before  the  marshal's  police  got  to  work,  and 
were  not  much  interfered  with.  Neil  Mooney,  a 
watchman  in  the  Moyamensing  district,  was  killed  by 
one  of  these  ruffians  on  the  25th  of  May,  1856,  while 
in  the  discharge  of  his  duty.  A  large  bonfire  was 
kindled  in  an  open  lot  in  Eighth  Street,  near  Fitz- 
water,  opposite  the  Moyamensing  Hose  House. 
Mooney,  in  accordance  with  his  duty,  attempted  to 
extinguish  the  fire,  but  was  warned  by  some  persons 
lying  in  ambush  near  by  to  desist.  He  persisted, 
and  while  removing  an  empty  barrel  from  the  flames 
he  was  shot  with  a  musket  and  died  from  the  wound. 
The  murderer  was  never  discovered.  Colonel  John 
K.  Murphy  was  elected  to  succeed  Marshal  Keyser 
in  1853.  He  held  his  office  until  1857,  a  special  pro- 
vision being  made  in  the  consolidation  act  of  1854, 
that  the  office  of  marshal  should  be  retained  until 
the  expiration  of  Marshal  Murphy's  term. 

For  many  years,  public  sentiment  had  been 
steadily  tending  towards  consolidation  of  the  city 
and  incorporated  districts  into  one  great  municipal- 
ity. Meetings  were  held  from  time  to  time  of  those 
in  favor  of  such  a  measure,  and  the  question  finally 
worked  itself  into  politics.  It  was  made  a  test  for 
those  seeking  election  to  the  Legislature,  and  at  the 
election  in  1853  many  friends  to  the  measure  were 
sent  to  the  General  Assembly.  Before  the  meeting 
of  that  body,  the  committee  on  consolidation,  ap- 
pointed at  a  town-meeting,  drafted  a  bill  to  be  laid 
before  the  Legislature,  fixing  the  details  of  the  de- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


97 


sired  legislation.  This  bill  was  introduced  at  Har- 
risburg  early  in  the  session,  and  pressed  with  such 
vigor  that  it  was  passed  on  the  2d  of  February,  1854. 
The  bill  provided  that  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
should  be  enlarged  by  taking  in  all  the  territory 
comprised  within  the  county  of  Philadelphia.  The 
incorporated  districts  were  abolished,  and  South- 
wark,  Northern  Liberties,  Kensington,  Spring  Gar- 
den, Moyamensing,  Penn,  Richmond,  West  Phil- 
adelphia, and  Belmont  ceased  to  have  corporate 
existence.  The  boroughs  of  Frankford,  German- 
town,  Manayunk,  White  Hall,  Bridesburg  and  Ar- 
amingo  were  deprived  of  their  franchises.  The 
townships  of  Passyunk,  Blockley,  Kingsessing,  Rox- 
borough,  Germantown,  Bristol,  Oxford,  Lower  Dub- 
lin, Moreland,  Northern  Liberties,  which  were  unin- 
corporated, Byberry,  Delaware  and  Penn  were 
abolished,  and  all  the  franchises  and  property  of 
those  governments  transferred  to  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  board  of  police,  the  mayor  and  Coun- 
cils of  the  city  then  in  existence,  the  commissioners 
and  officers  of  the  districts,  and  the  burgesses  of  the 
boroughs  were  superseded.  Some  of  the  executive 
officers  were  continued,  however,  for  their  terms  of 
office  and  some  for  longer  periods.  The  marshal  of 
police  was  continued  in  separate  and  independent 
jurisdiction  until  the  expiration  of  Marshal  Murphy's 
term  in  1857.  Philadelphia  became  by  the  consoli- 
dation a  city  having  a  superficial  area  of  129*^  square 
miles,  or  about  82,701  acres.  Its  length  is  23  miles, 
with  an  average  breadth  of  5^  miles. 

Under  the  new  act   the   first   election  for  mayor, 
members  of  councils,  and  other  officers,  was  held  on 
7 


98  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

the  first  Tuesday  of  June,  1854.  There  were  two 
nominees  for  mayor — Robert  T.  Conrad,  Whig,  and 
Richard  Vaux,  Democrat.  Judge  Conrad  received 
the  support  of  the  "  Know-Nothing  "  party,  and  was 
elected  mayor  by  a  vote  of  29,507  to  21,011  for  Mr. 
Vaux.  He  was  sworn  into  office  on  the  first  Mon- 
day of  July,  and  City  Councils  organized  on  the  same 
day.  They  passed  an  ordinance  on  the  28th  of  that 
month,  reorganizing  the  Philadelphia  police  force. 

It  was  declared  that  for  police  purposes  each  ward 
should  be  a  separate  police  district,  and  that  in  each 
district  there  should  be  a  station-house  for  the  use  of 
the  police,  and  for  the  temporary  detention  of  per- 
sons arrested  or  charged  with  offences.  The  Mayor 
was  empowered  to  appoint  for  each  police  district  a 
lieutenant  and  two  sergeants,  and  prescribe  their 
duties.  The  number  of  men  constituting  the  execu- 
tive police  force  and  watchmen  was  fixed  at  820,  ex- 
clusive of  officers.  The  men  were  to  be  distributed 
among  the  respective  police  districts  as  the  Mayor 
might  direct.  Out  of  the  number  of  police,  eight 
officers  were  designated  by  the  Mayor  to  be  High 
Constables,  whose  duty  it  was  to  be  in  attendance  at 
the  Mayor's  or  Marshal's  office.  Four  men  were  de- 
tailed as  special  officers  and  two  to  act  as  messengers 
at  the  Mayor's  office.  The  Mayor  was  given  power 
to  make  all  police  rules  and  regulations. 

It  became  the  duty  of  Councils  by  this  ordinance 
to  elect  one  alderman  in  each  ward  to  be  a  Police 
or  Committing  magistrate,  who  should  attend  his  al- 
lotted station-house  daily  for  the  purpose  of  hearing 
and  disposing  of  the  prisoners  detained.  The  lieu- 
tenant, or  one  of  the  two  sergeants  of  the  district, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


99 


was  also  required  to  attend  the  hearings.  The  an- 
nual salaries  of  the  officers  were  fixed  as  follows  : 
sergeants,  $600 ;  policemen,  $500 ;  turnkeys,  $450 ; 
high  constables,  $700;  special  officers,  $600; 
messengers,  $500 ;  police  magistrates,  $500.  The 
police  officers  were  not  allowed  to  accept  any  gift  or 
reward  for  any  police  duty  performed,  nor  engage 
in  any  other  business.  A  violation  of  this  rule  was 
ground  for  discharge  from  the  force.  The  central 
station  was  established  in  the  City  Hall,  at  Fifth  and 
Chestnut  streets,  where  it  has  been  continued  to  the 
present  day.  Stations  in  some  of  the  wards  were 
provided  by  the  appropriation  of  the  former  com- 
missioners' halls,  and  in  other  wards  buildings  were 
rented  and  fitted  up  for  the  purpose.  It  was,  how- 
ever, soon  discovered  that  there  was  no  economy  in 
the  renting  method,  and  the  city  began  building  its 
own  police-stations.  The  first  were  solid  but  plain 
structures,  but  in  the  course  of  time  architectural 
effects  were  attempted,  and  to-day  Philadelphia  can 
boast  of  as  fine  buildings  in  that  particular  as  any 
other  city  in  the  country. 

Mayor  Conrad  sent  to  Councils  his  first  annual 
message  on  May  18,  1856.  It  was  largely  devoted 
to  a  discussion  of  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of 
his  organization  of  the  new  police  force. 

"As  the  primary  object  of  all  government,"  he  said  in  his  mes- 
sage, "  is  protection  against  lawless  violence,  its  first  duty  is  the 
establishment  of  a  power  that  will  maintain  the  public  tranquillity ; 
and  the  absence  and  urgent  necessity  of  such  a  power  was  here 
the  influential  motive  for  the  adoption  of  '  Consolidation.'  The 
need  of  a  vigorous  police  is  perhaps  greater  in  our  large  American 
cities  than  anywhere  in  the  civilized  world.  If  our  population 
were  native,  or  homogeneous,  we  would  have  less  need  of  police  re- 


loo  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

straints  than  a  city  like  London,  whose  vast  population  is  governed 
with  a  mild  control  that  secures  tranquillity  without  oppression. 
As  a  more  youthful  and  less  corrupt  people,  with  less  inequality, 
less  ignorance,  and  less  misery,  there  would  be  less  necessity  for 
police  guardianship ;  and  in  point  of  fact,  our  American  commu- 
nities hardly  knew  the  necessity  of  such  protection  until  the  excess 
of  immigration  had  changed  the  character  of  our  cities.  But  in 
the  actual  state  of  facts,  we  now  need  greater  police  energies  for 
the  protection  of  our  people  than  the  capitals  of  Europe.  Per- 
verted immigration  has  filled  our  cities  with  pauperism — the 
fruitful  parent  of  disorder  and  crime Perverted  immi- 
gration has  filled  our  cities  with  the  transported  criminals  of  Eu- 
rope. The  extent  of  this  insulting  and  hostile  policy,  more  worthy 
of  just  resentment  than  the  frothy  trifles  so  often  made  the  sub- 
ject of  declamation,  is  not  fully  known  ;  but  no  magistrate  con- 
nected with  the  police  administration  can  be  ignorant  of  the  fact 
(and  its  statement  should  not  be  considered  a  wrong  to  the  worthy 
emigrant, — for  to  such  it  was  not,  and  is  not  intended  to  apply) 
that  a  considerable  proportion  of  those  arrested  for  crime  are  the 
exiles  of  European  citks." 

The  same  causes,  he  thought,  had  introduced 
novel  and  foreign  vices  and  habits,  the  engendering 
and  prolific  causes  of  crime.  Even  where  these  did 
not  exist,  it  had  made  our  cities,  he  said,  the  home 
of  the  disputes  of  clans  and  classes,  sects  and  fac- 
tions, alien  to  our  character  and  country.  To  these 
various  sources  he  attributed  the  increase  in  our  cit- 
ies of  beggars  and  vagrancy,  "  of  audacious  prostitu- 
tion, of  lawless  riot,  with  all  the  terrible  catalogue 
of  crime  that  swell  the  calendars  of  our  courts  and 
crowd  the  cells  of  our  prisons."  He  gave  the  fire- 
men a  rap,  "  who,"  he  said,  "  under  pretext  of 
protecting  the  city,  outrage  its  laws  and  disturb  its 
peace,  not  unfrequently  carrying  the  fury  of  their 
feuds  to  the  extent  of  murder."  On  this  account  he 
saw  the  further  necessity  of  an  energetic  system  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  IOI 

police  protection.  The  only  police  worth  a  thought 
—the  only  police  capable  of  effecting  a  result  worthy 
of  public  care  or  approbation,  he  said,  was  that 
which  is  based  upon  the  principles  of  prevention. 
He  paid  his  compliments  to  the  old  order  of  things 
in  the  following  words  : 

"  The  miserable  system  by  which  the  public  was  so  long  amused 
with  a  show  of  security — a  system  under  which  the  officers  waited 
patiently  until  crime  was  committed,  and  then  set  upon  the  pursuit 
of  the  offender,  constituted,  at  best,  an  authorized  warfare  between 
the  police  and  the  criminals,  and  if  it  did  not  encourage  crime, 
did  not  prevent  it.  Under  the  most  favorable  views,  it  was  an  in- 
effective system  of  subsequent  vengeance  ;  and  in  every  moral  and 
practical  point  of  view  was  an  absurdity.  Such  is  the  character  of 
every  police  that  is  not  sufficient  to  render  the  commission  of  crime 
nearly  if  not  quite  impossible" 

says  Mayor  Conrad  with  italicized  emphasis. 

"  The  only  police  worth  the  cost  of  its  maintenance  is  one  of 
prevention  ;  and  such  a  police  should  be  a  system  overspreading 
and  guarding  the  whole  community,  rendering  it  either  impossible, 
or  most  dangerous,  to  attempt  the  commission  of  crime,  and  leav- 
ing no  moment  of  time,  and  no  place,  without  its  guardian." 

It  was  his  aim  to  make  his  force  a  preventive  po- 
lice. The  first  requisite  for  appointment  on  his  force 
was  as  to  personal  character.  In  every  case  unex- 
ceptionable evidence  was  required  that  the  applicant 
conformed  to  the  rules  which  Mayor  Conrad  had  es- 
tablished, as  follows: 

"To  hold  a  place  on  the  police,  the  following  qualifications  will 
be  required  : — American  birth,;  age  between  twenty-three  and 
fifty;  physical  health  and  vigor ;  ability  to  read  and  write ;  entire 
purity  of  moral  character  and  habits ;  invariable  temperance ; 
unquestionable  courage  ;  peaceable  and  courteous  manners ;  deco- 
rous and  genteel  attire  ;  zeal  for  the  service  ;  respectful  obedience 
to  superior  officers ;  and  promptness  and  decision  in  action." 


I02  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

The  rule  in  regard  to  American  birth  certainly 
was  not  long  enforced,  and  was  doubtless  the  extreme 
of  "  Know-Nothing  "  principles  of  that  day. 

He  reported  the  number  of  police  as  being  nom- 
inally 916,  but  that  a  less  number  had  at  all  times 
been  employed.  The  duties  of  the  police  were  pre 
scribed  in  a  manual,  which  was  placed  in  the  hfends 
of  each  officer,  and  all  were  held  to  a  rigid  account- 
ability under  the  regulations  thus  established.  The 
force  was  divided  into  three  classes,  one  of  which 
was  always  upon  active  service,  and  every  officer 
was  held  accountable  for  the  condition  of  his  particu- 
lar beat.  The  number  of  miles  of  streets  and  alleys 
under  the  supervision  and  guardianship  of  the  police 
was  almost  six  hundred.  This  extent  was  traversed, 
watched  and  guarded  by  a  force  seldom  averaging 
more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  He  thought  that 
it  should  be  the  aim  of  Philadelphia  to  render  her 
police  arrangements  superior  to  those  of  her  rival 
cities,  and  compared  her  police  with  that  of  New 
York.  "  The  police  of  New  York,"  he  said, 

"  consists  of  a  body  of  armed,  uniformed  and  disciplined  officers, 
comprising  about  1200  men  ;  that  of  Philadelphia  consists  of  about 
900.  The  great  duty  of  the  police  is  to  guard  the  dwellings  of 
citizens.  The  houses  in  New  York  number  by  the  last  census 
about  37,500 ;  those  of  Philadelphia  are  over^  60,000.  The  prin- 
cipal labor  required  from  the  police  is  to  traverse,  as  sentinels, 
the  streets  committed  to  their  care.  The  area  of  Philadelphia, 
excluding  the  rural  districts,  nearly  doubles  that  of  New  York. 
Thus  the  police  duty  is  much  greater  in  Philadelphia,  though  the 
force  is  much  less." 

The  salaries  paid  to  the  police  in  New  York  were 
much  more  liberal  than  those  allowed  the  Philadel- 
phia policemen,  and  the  whole  police  system  of  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


103 


latter  place  administered  on  a  much  more  economi- 
cal basis  than  that  of  any  other  large  city. 

With  the  organization,  action  and  results  of  the 
police  department  Mayor  Conrad  expressed  himself 
as  well  satisfied. 

" Its  officers  are  gentlemen,"  he  said,  "selected  for  their  high 
character,  and  worthy,  from  their  intelligence  and  integrity,  of  the 
trust  reposed  in  them.  To  their  energy  and  fidelity  may  be  as- 
cribed the  results  which  have  transformed  the  aspect  of  pur  city, 
— have  made  our  Sabbath  sacred,  and  rendered  violence  and  out- 
rage, once  so  familiar  to  our  streets,  almost  unknown." 

Mayor  Conrad,  after  reorganizing  his  new  police 
force,  was  desirous  of  putting  its  members  in  uniform, 
but  the  proposition  was  strongly  opposed.  The 
Marshal's  police  did  not  take  to  the  innovation. 
They  did  not  want  to  be  "  put  in  livery  "  they  said, 
and  the  silver  star  was  not  for  them.  Mayor  Con- 
rad approached  the  matter  cautiously.  He  began 
with  the  head,  hoping  to  work  down  with  less  oppo- 
sition as  the  men  became  accustomed  to  the  idea. 
He  ordered  that  every  policeman  should  wear  upon 
his  round  hat  a  cover  for  the  top,  extending  below  it 
a  distance  of  about  two  inches.  It  was  composed 
of  patent  leather,  and,  having  a  shining  surface,  the 
policemen  were  easily  recognized. 

During  Mayor  Conrad's  administration  there  was 
trouble  in  regard  to  the  enforcement  of  a  new  Sun- 
day liquor  law,  which  had  gone  into  effect  during  his 
term  of  office.  It  caused  much  dissatisfaction  to  the 
proprietors  of  taverns,  oyster-houses  and  other 
places  of  the  sort.  Mayor  Conrad  endeavored  to  en- 
force this  law,  and  an  agitation  ensued  which  lasted 
some  time,  and  which  was  accompanied  by  a  great 


104  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

bitterness  of  feeling.  Mayor  Conrad's  administra- 
tion was,  in  fact,  distinguished  for  the  pertinacity  with 
which  he  insisted  on  the  observance  to  the  letter  of 
laws  that  had  for  their  object  the  suspension  of 
labor  and  of  entertainment  on  Sunday.  The  Sun- 
day newspapers  were  not  a  little  troubled  by  him. 
He  caused  the  arrest  of  and  committed  for  trial  a 
number  of  saloon-keepers  for  violating  the  Sunday 
laws.  This  act  of  his  created  much  excitement. 
He  had  directed  his  police  officers  to  enter  the  sa- 
loons and  drink  liquor,  in  order  that  they  might  not 
lack  evidence  to  maintain  the  prosecutions.  His 
action  was  upheld  at  public  meetings  of  clergymen 
and  religious  citizens,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
Mayor  was  caricatured,  ridiculed  and  denounced 
by  those  who  found  fault  with  the  proceedings. 

By  ordinance  of  November,  1855,  the  police  dis- 
tricts were  established  and  their  boundaries  defined. 
Most  of  the  districts  comprised  two  wards,  but 
the  Twentieth,  Twenty-first,  Twenty-second  and 
Twenty-fourth  wards  were  each  made  separate  police 
districts.  A  station-house  was  established  in  each 
district.  The  number  of  policemen  and  watchmen, 
exclusive  of  lieutenants  and  sergeants,  was  fixed  at 
six  hundred  and  fifty  men.  The  old  ordinance  for- 
bidding policemen  from  accepting  rewards  for  ser- 
vices was  repealed,  and  it  was  enacted  that 

"  all  policemen  shall  be  allowed,  with  the  permission  of  the  Mayor, 
to  receive  any  rewards  or  gratuities  which  may  be  offered  them  by 
persons  or  institutions  who  may  consider  themselves  benefited  by 
their  extra  services,  provided  the  same  shall  not  have  been  asked 
for  or  promised  before  the  service  was  rendered." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  lo$ 

The  unanimous  choice  of  the  Democrats  for  the 
office  of  Mayor  in  1856  fell  to  Richard  Vaux.  The 
campaign  was  hotly  contested,  and  resulted  in  Mr. 
Vaux's  election  by  a  handsome  majority. 

When  Mayor  Vaux  was  inaugurated  in  May,  1856, 
he  was  not  quite  satisfied  with  the  efficiency  of  the 
police  force  as  organized  by  his  predecessor.  He 
immediately  set  to  work  and  introduced  a  number  of 
reforms,  which  brought  the  organization  as  near  to 
perfection  as  was  at  that  time  possible.  Councils 
allowed  a  certain  number  of  officers,  but  without  re- 
gard to  this  restriction  the  Mayor  appointed  as 
many  men  as  in  his  opinion  were  required,  and  event- 
ually they  numbered  1000.  But  these  were  troub- 
lous times.  As  the  census  of  1860  showed  a  pop- 
ulation of  only  565,529,  this  must  be  considered  a 
very  large  force,  as  now  (1887),  when  the  popula- 
tion is  estimated  at  not  less  than  1,000,000,  there  are 
only  1250  policemen  exclusive  of  the  chief,  captains, 
lieutenants,  sergeants,  house  sergeants,  and  patrol- 
drivers. 

The  Mayor's  office  at  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets 
was  then  a  sort  of  rendezvous  for  police,  detectives, 
and  High  Constables.  The  first  Sunday  after  his 
inauguration,  Mayor  Vaux  went  there,  about  noon, 
and  was  surprised  to  find  the  office  locked.  He  en- 
deavored to  obtain  admission,  but  failed  and  became 
somewhat  indignant.  Waiting  in  the  neighborhood 
in  the  hopes  of  finding  some  one  connected  with  the 
place  the  Mayor  at  last  saw  a  man  named  Buckley, 
who  was  engaged  in  some  capacity  in  the  building, 
coming  from  church. 

"  Is  there  nobody  here?"  asked  Mr.  Vaux. 


I06  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

"Not  to-day,  your  Honor,"  was  the  answer. 

"  Does  nobody  report  here  on  Sunday  ?  " 

"Nobody." 

"  Well,  this  is  the  last  Sunday  that  it  will  be  so," 
said  the  new  Mayor  emphatically.  "  I  will  have  it 
different." 

Turning  on  his  heel  he  walked  home,  and  sitting 
down  in  his  library  proceeded  to  draft  a  set  of  rules 
for  the  regulation  of  the  police  department.  These 
rules  were  printed  and  a  copy  furnished  to  each  of- 
ficer and  official.  No  deviation  was  ever  made  from 
them  during  his  administration.  Mayor  Vaux's  in- 
vestigation of  the  whole  system  was  equally  ready, 
and  in  a  short  time  he  discovered  what  defects  he 
could  remedy.  The  city  was  at  that  time  given  over 
to  rowdyism,  especially  on  Sundays,  when  the  volun- 
teer firemen  spent  the  day  in  constant  rioting.  This 
was  contributed  to  largely  by  the  fire-alarm  system. 
The  tolling  of  the  State  House  bell  and  of  the  bells 
at  the  station-houses  indicated  the  direction  of  the 
fire  and  not  its  precise  location.  The  volunteer 
companies,  when  the  alarm  was  given,  instantly 
rushed  from  their  quarters  and  tore  along  the 
streets,  regardless  of  the  life  and  limb  of  peaceful 
pedestrians.  At  some  corner  two  or  more  compa- 
nies would  come  together,  and  indiscriminate  fighting 
would  ensue  and  last  possibly  for  hours.  The  riots 
were  more  common  on  Sundays,  for  on  the  slightest 
pretext  an  alarm  would  be  started  early  on  the  Sab- 
bath morning,  and  all  day  certain  districts  of  the  city 
would  be  under  a  reign  of  terror.  Every  night  the 
"Schuylkill  Rangers,"  a  gang  of  desperadoes  and 
river  pirates,  whose  rendezvous  was  at  Twenty-third 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


107 


and  Market  streets,  were  committing  some  crime  of 
highway  robbery,  and  looting  vessels,  dwellings  and 
stores.  Mayor  Vaux  resolved  that  the  firemen's 
riots  should  be  stopped  and  the  "  Schuylkill  Rangers  " 
suppressed.  He,  however,  found  it  impracticable  to 
concentrate  officers  for  emergencies  that  required  a 
large  body,  such  as  the  firemen's  riots.  Street  rail- 
ways were  then  unknown,  and  the  old  omnibus  sys- 
tem was  far  from  reliable,  for  a  rowdy  driver  would 
sometimes  block  the  street  for  hours.  Therefore 
the  Mayor  decided  to  form  the  Reserve  Corps, 
which  remains  one  of  the  most  useful  divisions  of  the 
police  force.  He  picked  out  sixty  of  the  finest  men 
from  the  various  districts,  and  assigned  them  quarters 
at  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets.  A  lieutenant  and  a 
sergeant  were  appointed,  and  it  was  so  arranged  that 
all  the  Reserves  were  at  all  times  ready  for  duty. 
Thirty  were  stationed  along  Chestnut  Street,  at  the 
corners  between  Broad  and  Fourth  streets.  The 
other  thirty  were  not  allowed  to  leave  the  station- 
house.  "The  city  pays- you  for  twenty-four  hours 
work,"  said  the  Mayor,  in  his  characteristic  way. 
"  After  you  put  in  that  much  service  you  can  have 
the  rest  of  the  day  to  yourself."  Several  times 
during  his  administration  did  the  Reserve  Corps 
justify  its  organization,  and  the  riots  became  infre- 
quent. 

The  prevalency  of  fires,  many  of  them  of  incendi- 
ary origin,  and  caused  by  members  of  the  fire  com- 
panies, who  desired  to  take  advantage  of  them  to 
steal  whatever  valuables  they  could  lay  their  hands 
on,  made  necessary  the  appointment  of  some  officers 
to  investigate  fires  and  prevent  robberies  in  the  ex- 


jog  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

citement.  The  Mayor  commissioned  two  fire  de- 
tectives or  "  Fire  Police,"  with  Dr.  Alexander  Black- 
burn, a  High  Constable,  as  chief.  He  had  one  as- 
sistant. He  was  a  man  of  good  chemical  knowledge, 
and  his  duties  were  practically  the  same  as  now 
performed  by  the  Fire  Marshal.  He  was  the  first 
man  to  rope  the  streets  at  fires,  and  to  a  considerable 
extent  looting  was  stopped. 

The  Schuylkill  Rangers  were  still  carrying  on 
their  depredations,  and  demanded  prompt  attention. 
Sixty  picked  men  were  accordingly  stationed  along 
the  Schuylkill  front,  between  Fairmount  and  the 
Navy  Yard.  It  was  not  long  before  the  gang  was 
broken  up. 

Mayor  Vaux  saw  to  it  that  the  men  entrusted 
with  this  duty  were  at  work.  In  the  most  inclement 
weather,  with  the  snow  several  inches  deep,  he  went 
over  the  whole  city  at  midnight,  but  paid  especial 
attention  to  the  river  front.  When  any  of  the 
desperadoes  were  found  they  were  summarily  dealt 
with.  "There  was  no  formal  arrest,"  said  Mr.  Vaux 
recently, 

"there  were  few  prisoners  in  the  docks  in  the  mornings;  the  jus- 
tices of  the  peace  were  not  much  troubled  ,  but  the  fellow  who  was 
caught  never  forgot  until  his  dying  day  the  time  he  fell  into  the 
hands  of  *  Dick '  Vaux's  police.  I  remember  one  night  three  of 
the  Rangers  were  surprised,  and  jumped  into  the  river  and  swam 
to  a  tug  boat  in  the  middle  of  the  stream.  It  was  very  cold,  and 
they  thought  that  Dick  (I  was  there)  and  his  men  would  not 
follow.  They  were  never  so  much  mistaken  in  all  their  lives. 
We  got  a  boat  and  overtook  them.  The  interview  was  more 

O 

muscular  than  intellectual.  The  rascals  were  pretty  well  satisfied 
before  it  was  over.  So  were  we.  They  didn't  trouble  us  again 
during  the  administration." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


109 


The  harbor  police  were  not  organized  until  some 
years  later. 

One  morning,  after  the  Rangers  had  been  sup- 
pressed, an  old  Irish  woman  forced  her  way  into  the 
presence  of  the  Mayor. 

"  Och  !  Misther  Mayor,"  she  said,  "  Oi've  jist  come 
to  thank  yez,  for  shure  Oi'm  able  now  to  live  in  pace. 
Oi  can  put  out  me  bread  wagon  all  noight  widout 
anywan  to  watch  it  an'  there's  not  a  loaf  away  in  the 
mornin'. " 

The  term  of  City  Marshal  Murphy  expired  during 
the  administration,  and  it  fell  to  the  Mayor  to  ap- 
point a  Chief  of  Police.  He  wanted  a  man  of 
known  courage,  without  a  family,  with  a  thorough 
understanding  of  how  to  drill  and  handle  men,  and 
who  had  never  been  identified  with  the  Know-Noth- 
ing party.  Captain  Jacob  Laudenslager,  now  one 
of  the  Fire  Commissioners,  declined  the  position 
and  recommended  Samuel  G.  Ruggles.  The  latter 
was  a  trunk-maker  and  known  to  the  Mayor,  who 
immediately  went  to  his  place  of  business.  Ruggles 
was  in  the  cellar  at  work.  Standing  on  the  pave- 
ment the  Mayor  called  down. 

"  Sam,  did  you  ever  belong  to  the  Know-Noth- 
ings?" 

"  Never,  sir,"  answered  Ruggles. 

"  Come  up  here,  then.  Would  you  be  Chief  of 
Police  under  me  ?" 

"  I  would,"  answered  the  astonished  trunk-maker, 
who  scarcely  believed  the  offer  to  be  in  earnest. 

"  Then,"  said  the  Mayor,  "  come  to  my  office  and 
get  your  star." 

In  this  summary  manner  the  first  Chief  of  Police 


I10  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

in  Philadelphia  was  appointed.  He  served  through 
Mayor  Vaux's  administration,  through  Mayor 
Henry's  three  terms,  which  ended  in  1865,  and  part 
of  Mayor  McMichael's  term.  The  star  was  the  only 
sign  of  authority  conferred  by  the  city  on  its  officers 
under  Mayor  Vaux's  administration,  the  patent- 
leather  hat-covering,  used  in  Mayor  Conrad's  time, 
having  been  discontinued.  They  received  no  allow- 
ance for  uniform,  but  the  Mayor  insisted  that  all 
should  wear  blue  coats  and  silk  hats. 

Mr.  Vaux  next  turned  his  attention  to  the  drilling 
of  the  force.  The  use  of  the  old  city  Arsenal,  at  the 
corner  of  Fifteenth  and  Filbert  streets,  was  obtained, 
and  in  a  room  150  x  60  feet  every  man  in  the  whole 
body  was  drilled  by  a  competent  drill-master  once  a 
week.  Neatness  and  cleanliness  were  also  enforced. 
The  man  who  appeared  without  his  shoes  blacked  or 
with  his  hands  or  face  unwashed,  his  necktie  awry, 
or  his  clothing  dirty  "was  summarily  dismissed.  In  a 
few  months  the  drilled  police  were  an  effective  body 
of  men  in  action.  They  never  went  into  a  fight  that 
their  opponents  did  not  come  out  second  best. 

One  of  the  most  capable  men  on  the  force  was 
"  Rat "  Allen,  who  was  promoted  to  be  a  sergeant 
after  four  months'  service,  though  appointed  with 
many  misgivings.  Nearly  thirty  years  afterwards 
Mr.  Vaux  told  the  story  with  great  relish.  He 
said  : 

"'Rat'  was  a  street  arab  wno  slept  in  a  market-house  or  huck- 
ster's wagon,  and  got  his  breakfast  by  carrying  home  some  one's 
purchases.  He  never  remembered  having  had  any  other  meal 
than  his  breakfast.  He  never  had  a  father,  he  never  had  a 
mother,  he  never  had  any  relations,  never  was  a  child,  but  sprung 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  £II 

from  the  earth  or  dropped  from  the  clouds,  ragged  and  frowsy. 
Now  and  again  he  would  get  a  book  and  sit  down  on  a  corner 
stone  and  read  it.  I  never  knew  him  until  one  day  some  friends 
came  to  my  office  and  asked  me  to  appoint  '  Rat '  Allen  on  the 
force.  '  Who  the  devil  is  "  Rat "  Allen  ? '  I  asked,  Then 
they  told  me. 

"  '  A  pretty  sort  of  person  that  to  put  on  the  police  force !  ' 
I  said. 

"  '  Try  him/  they  answered. 

"  '  Now,  how  can  I  appoint  "  Rat  "  Allen  ?  Just  think  of  it — 
"Rat"  Allen!  What  would  people  say  if  I  appointed  "Rat" 
Allen  ? ' " 

"  My  friends  urged  me  to  give  the  poor  fellow  a  chance. 

"  '  Does  he  drink  ?  ' 

"  '  Not  a  drop.' 

"  '  Is  he  honest  ? '  I  asked. 

"  *  As  the  sun,  and  his  word  is  as  good  as  any  man's  bond.' 

"  '  Then  bring  him  up.' 

"  They  brought  him  up  and  I  directed  that  he  should  be  taken 
out  to  the  pump  and  washed.  Two  officers  scrubbed  him  from 
top  to  toe.  Then  I  gave  him  some  money  and  told  him  to  go 
and  buy  a  suit  of  clothes.  When  he  came  back  I  gave  him  his 
star  and  assigned  him  to  the  second  district.  I  began  to  inquire 
about  him  and  went  over  his  beat  at  night.  He  gave  universal 
satisfaction,  and  in  three  or  four  months  I  promoted  him  to  be 
sergeant.  He  was  the  best  officer  on  the  force  without  exception. 
He  broke  up  the  Carroll  Hose  company — a  tough  gang  they 
were.  They  went  out  one  Sunday  morning  and  began  a  riot. 
'  Rat '  Allen  and  his  men  went  out  too.  The  Carroll  Hose 
never  went  out  again.  They  abandoned  their  hose  and  '  Rat ' 
carried  it  off  the  field  as  a  trophy. 

"  Poor  fellow  !  his  loyalty  cost  him  his  life.  A  big  fire  took 
place  on  Chestnut  Street,  just  above  Third.  The  second  or 
third  story  was  occupied  by  a  firm  of  jewellers  and  there  was  a 
great  deal  of  silverware  in  the  place.  '  Rat '  came  on  the  scene 
with  his  squad  and  had  the  silverware  removed,  most  of  it  with  his 
own  hands,  and  not  a  pennyweight  was  missing.  He  stood  in  the 
doorway  and  allowed  no  one  to  enter.  The  crowd,  anxious  for 
plunder,  tried  to  press  past  him,  but  there  he  stood  with  the  water 
pouring  down  on  him.  He  was  loyal  to  his  duty,  but  he  caught 


H2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

a  cold  and  died  of  consumption.     The  regret  of  my  life  is  that 
I  did  not  go  to  his  funeral.     I  never  saw  another  '  Rat'  Allen." 

The  fire  and  police-alarm  telegraph  was  put  into 
successful  operation  during  this  administration. 
The  plant  had  already  been  introduced.  Among 
the  operators  appointed  by  the  Mayor  was  David  R. 
Walker,  present  chief  of  the  Electrical  Department, 
as  it  is  now  called,  and  George  Handy  Smith,  State 
Senator.  This  was  the  first  introduction  of  the 
telegraph  in  Philadelphia,  and  it  excited  great  won- 
der. Among  those  who  came  to  see  it  was  Mayor 
Swan,  of  Baltimore,  afterwards  Governor  of  Mary- 
land. He  could  not  believe  the  truth  of  what  he 
had  been  told,  and  was  only  convinced  by  telegraph- 
ing to  the  sergeant  at  Frankfort,  five  miles  from  the 
Central  Station,  "Have  you  had  your  dinner?" 
The  answer  was  returned,  "  No  ;  it  is  not  yet  my 
dinner,  hour." 

The  original  rules  formulated  by  Mr.  Vaux  have 
perished.  Some  of  them  have  been  already  printed. 
Among  the  others  was  one  requiring  each  officer 
to  carry  a  book  and  note  his  location  at  certain 
times,  so  that  it  was  possible  to  tell  the  movements 
of  each  man  while  on  duty.  The  roll  was  called  not 
by  the  sergeant  whose  squad  was  coming  in,  but  by 
the  sergeant  who  was  going  on  duty,  in  order  to 
prevent  any  collusion.  There  were  three  reliefs  be- 
tween sundown  and  sunrise.  The  first  squad  was  on 
beat  between  six  and  ten  o'clock,  the  second  between 
ten  and  two  and  the  third  between  two  and  six. 
The  men  were  under  directions  to  deal  vigorously 
with  desperadoes,  and  the  knowledge  of  this  getting 
abroad  caused  criminals  to  keep  clear  of  "  Dick 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  H3 

Vaux's  police."  The  Mayor  was  especially  proud 
of  his  Reserves,  his  police  detectives,  and  the  sys- 
tem of  drilling,  and  when  Mayor  Henry  left  office 
he  told  Mr.  Vaux  that  he  "  had  never  to  change  the 
crossing  of  a  t  or  the  dotting  of  an  i,"  in  the  regula- 
tions of  the  police  system  as  he  found  them.  The 
administration  of  Mayor  Vaux  was  not  conducted 
strictly  on  party  principles,  and  was  marked  through- 
out with  that  vigor  so  characteristic  of  the  man. 
Adverse  criticism  of  his  police  was  not  wanting. 
His  men  were  chosen  with  an  eye  to  the  rough  ele- 
ment with  which  they  had  to  deal,  and  some  of  his 
officers  were,  perhaps,  rather  rough  themselves. 
On  leaving  office,  the  Mayor  impressed  upon  his 
men  his  confidence  in  them  and  his  entire  satisfac- 
tion. In  an  address  he  declared  that  they  had  done 
their  duty -well,  and  that  the  prejudices  against  them 
were  the  result  of  political  calumny. 


H4  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  FIRST  Two  REPUBLICAN  MAYORS. 
(1858—1868.) 

MAYOR  HENRY  BESET  BY  OFFICE-SEEKERS, — THE  RE- 
SERVES UNIFORMED. — ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  DE- 
TECTIVE FORCE. — CHIEF  WOOD'S  EFFICIENCY. — THE 
WHOLE  DEPARTMENT  UNIFORMED. — RIVER  AND  HAR- 
BOR POLICE  ORGANIZED  WITH  TWO  BOATS*  CREWS.— 
WAR  DUTY  IN  HARRISBURG. — OFFICE  OF  FIRE  MAR- 
SHAL CREATED. — MAYOR  HENRY  *S  LIFE  AND  SER- 
VICES.— PROVISION  FOR  DISABLED  SOLDIERS. — THE 
OFFENCE  OF  "  CORNER  LOUNGING." — NEW  POLICE 
DISTRICTS. 

AT  the  May  election  in  1858,  Alexander  Henry 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  by  the  new-born 
Republican  party.  His  first  month  of  office  was  not 
a  happy  one.  No  sooner  had  he  taken  his  place 
than  his  supporters  made  clamorous  demands  for  ap- 
pointments on  his  police  force.  It  is  related  that 
during  the  first  four  weeks  of  his  administration 
there  were  days  when  his  office  was  so  crowded  with 
importunate  applicants  for  the  star  that  it  was  almost 
impossible  to  force  an  entrance  to  his  presence.  He 
retained  as  his  Chief  of  Police,  Samuel  G.  Ruggles. 

In  October,  1858,  the  Reserve  Corps  was  put  in 
uniform.  The  efficiency  of  the  Reserves  was  pro- 
moted by  their  distinctive  dress  and  military  appear- 
ance, which  enabled  its  members  to  be  easily  recog- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  H5 

nized  when  their  services  were  needed,  and  "  impart- 
ing to  them  that  semblance  of  authority  which  is 
never  without  its  due  influence  in  the  enforcement 
of  the  law." 

Mayor  Henry,  in  his  first  annual  message  to  Coun- 
cils, reviewing  his  first   year's  administration,  urged 
upon  that  body  the  importance  of  a  change   in  the 
mode  of  organization  of  the  police   force.     He  had 
adopted    a   system    of    requiring   all    applicants    for 
police  appointments  to  undergo  an  examination   by 
the   Chief  of   Police   and  his  lieutenants,  so  that  a 
more  reliable  estimate  of  their  personal  qualifications 
could  be  obtained.     The  police  arrangements,  as  he 
found  them,  and  the  general  efficiency  of  the  force, 
he  thought   compared   favorably  with  those  of  any 
preceding  period  since  the  consolidation  of  the  city, 
but  after  a  careful  examination  of  the   then  existing 
system,  he   found   many   defects,  he  thought,  which 
could  be  remedied  or  lessened  by  action  of  Councils. 
He  asked  for  the  formation   of  a  police  board,  con- 
sisting of  four  or  more  experienced  citizens,  of  which 
the  Mayor  should  be  ex-officio  president.      He  recom- 
mended that  all  appointments   to   the  higher  grades 
should  be  made  from  those  who  had   served  a  pre- 
scribed term  in  the  rank  next  subordinate,  thus  hold- 
ing out  to  every  officer  a  constant    inducement  for 
zeal  and  diligence  in  the  performance  of  duty.     He 
complained  that  the  number  of  men  allowed  by  Coun- 
cils for  the  police  force  was  inadequate.      In  1855  the 
number  of  miles  of  streets  and  alleys  under  police 
supervision  was  computed  to   be  six  hundred,  while 
in  1859  there  were   739  miles,  an  increase   of  nearly 
twenty-five  per  cent.     Within  the   same  time,  more 


n6  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

than  six  thousand  buildings  had  been  erected  in  the 
city.  There  were  thus  added  over  one  hundred 
miles  of  "beats  "  to  be  traversed  by  the  police.  To 
cover  this  ground  there  was  a  general  force  of  650 
officers.  From  this  number  eighteen  men  had  been 
detailed  as  turnkeys  of  the  several  station-houses, 
and  thirty-five  others  for  the  management  of  the 
Police  and  Fire-Alarm  Telegraph.  By  the  subtrac- 
tion of  this  number  with  the  allowance  of  fourteen 
for  sick  and  absent,  but  583  officers  were  left  for 
active  duty.  One  hundred  and  twenty-three  were  in 
service  during  the  day,  and  460  composed  the  patrol 
at  night.  Of  the  night  force  only  one  half  were  em- 
ployed at  the  same  hour,  and  thus  230  men  were 
charged  with  the  supervision  and  protection  of  dwell- 
ings, warehouses  and  other  property  along  the  ex- 
tent of  739  miles.  The  rural  wards  were  practically 
without  police  protection. 

Mayor  Henry  did  not  entirely  approve  of  the  pre- 
ventive system  of  police,  which  he  thought  must  be 
impracticable  with  the  large  area  included  within  the 
city.  He  said  : 

"  At  present,  the  utmost  zeal  and  vigilance  cannot  enable  a 
single  policeman  to  watch  effectually  over  persons  and  property 
throughout  the  limits  of  a  beat  extending  for  one  or  more  miles  in 
length.  The  fear  of  discovery  in  the  actual  perpetration  of  crime, 
may,  in  some  measure,  deter  its  attempt;  but  the  certainty  of  detec- 
tion and  punishment  will  operate  with  greater  power.  The  expe- 
rience of  every  one  conversant  with  police  details,  abundantly 
proves  that  crime  against  property,  especially  in  large  communities, 
is  a  systematized  pursuit.  It  is  seldom  that  the  offences  of  burglary, 
pocket-picking,  thieving  and  counterfeiting  are  committed,  except 
by  adepts,  constantly  associating  with  each  other,  and  well  ac- 
quainted with  facilities  for  the  disposal  of  their  gains." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


117 


He  called  attention  to  the  need  of  a  new,  organized 
detective  system,  in  which  the  force  was  singularly 
deficient.  The  entire  detective  aid  under  the  or- 
dinance regulating  the  police  department  consisted 
of  Sour  special  officers,  a  number  altogether  inade- 
quate to  the  duties  which  they  were  designed  to  per- 
form. It  was  customary  to  employ  in  this  service, 
also,  at  least  four  of  the  high  constables,  and  others 
selected  from  the  general  force  for  their  particular 
fitness.  The  Mayor  asked  for  an  increase  of  twelve 
officers  for  the  detective  service.  He  recommended 
the  adoption  of  an  appropriate  uniform  for  the  whole 
force,  excepting  those  employed  in  detective  and 
special  duty. 

In  accordance  with  the  Mayor's  suggestion,  Coun- 
cils passed  an  ordinance  (October  20,  1859)  organiz- 
ing the  Detective  Department  of  the  Police  Force  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia.  The  ordinance  provided 
for  one  chief  officer,  to  be  called  "  The  Chief  of  the 
Detectives,"  and  eight  subordinates,  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Mayor.  The  chief's  salary  was  fixed  at  $1000 
and  that  of  the  subordinates  at  $700  per  annum. 

Joseph  Wood  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  to 
the  office  of  Chief  of  Detectives,  and  was  charged 
with  the  organization  of  the  department.  He  was 
particularly  adapted  to  the  performance  of  his  duties. 
He  had  been  captain  and  superintendent  of  the 
watch  under  the  old  system  in  Spring  Garden  dis- 
trict, and  as  a  reporter  on  the  Public  Ledger  had 
gained  much  valuable  information  of  criminals  and 
their  systems  of  working.  He  filled  the  office  two 
years.  Under  him  the  "  Rogues'  Gallery "  was  es- 
tablished. In  those  days  the  portraits  of  transgres- 


IZ8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

sors  were  not  kept  under  lock  and  key,  withheld  from 
the  public  gaze  as  is  now  done,  but  were  open  to  the 
view  of  any  one  who  wished  to  satisfy  idle  curiosity. 
A  number  of  important  convictions  of  offenders  were 
secured  through  the  means  of  Chief  Wood's  rogues' 
gallery.  He  opened  communications  with  the  differ- 
ent chiefs  in  other  large  cities,  and  by  exchange  of 
information  fugitives  from  justice  were  captured. 

Rules  and  regulations  were  framed  by  Chief  Wood 
for  the  government  of  his  force  of  eight.  It  was  ar- 
ranged that  one  or  two  men  should  be  on  duty  at  the 
Central  Office  continually.  All  reported  at  the  office 
in  the  mornings,  when  the  details  for  the  day  were 
made.  The  duty  of  watching  the  railroad  stations 
and  steam-boat  landings  was  an  assignment  each  day. 
Chief  Wood  instructed  his  men  to  report  to  him  im- 
mediately the  presence  in  the  city  of  any  known  crim- 
inals, when  he  would  send  for  them  and  offer  the 
alternative  of  leaving  the  city  within  twenty-four 
hours  or  being  locked  up.  They  were  not  slow  in 
choosing  the  first.  Philadelphia  was  a  sort  of  stop- 
ping-place for  the  criminals  in  transit  between  New 
York,  Baltimore,  Washington  and  the  cities  of  the 
West,  so  that  the  duty  of  limiting  their  stay  in  this 
city  to  the  shortest  possible  duration  was  not  a  light 
one. 

During  Chief  Wood's  term  of  office  he  made  a 
number  of  important  arrests  and  secured  the  convic- 
tion of  many  notorious  offenders.  Among  them 
was  James  Bucnanan  Cross,  the  forger,  who  was 
sentenced  to  five  years'  imprisonment.  Cross  was 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  and  expert  forgers  of  his 
time.  Mr.  Wood  has  preserved  to  this  day  and  ex- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  tlg 

hibits  with  some  satisfaction  the  gold  pen  and  ebony 
pen-holder  which  Cross  used  in  his  clever  imitations 
of  other  men's  handwriting.  Probably  the  most 
important  criminal  event  in  which  Mr.  Wood  had  a 
hand  while  chief  of  detectives  was  the  "turning  up," 
arrest  and  conviction  of  a  gang  of  counterfeiters. 
They  were  acknowledged  to  be  the  most  expert  of 
that  day,  and  even  the  banks  were  imposed  upon  by 
their  spurious  notes.  Those  arrested  and  sentenced 
to  the  penitentiary  were  "  Bill"  Cregar  and  "  Bob" 
Bridley,  who  were  arrested  by  Chief  Wood  person- 
ally, and  on  each  of  whom  he  found  $300  of  the 
counterfeit  notes;  "Si"  Bright  and  Manassas,  or 
"Minnie"  Price,  as  he  was  called.  Six  thousand 
dollars  of  counterfeit  notes  on  the  Western  Bank 
were  captured  at  "Minnie"  Price's  tavern,  Nine- 
teenth and  Perkiomen  streets,  which  was  used  as 
headquarters  for  the  gang.  Each  of  these  men  was 
sentenced  to  five  years'  imprisonment. 

A  lot  of  letters  between  the  counterfeiters  and 
their  customers  was  captured  at  the  same  time. 
Their  mode  of  correspondence  was  very  ingenious, 
and  to  the  ordinary  mind  misleading.  An  offer  to 
sell  a  three-year-old  colt  appears  innocent  enough 
until  it  is  ascertained  that  the  term  covers  a  propo- 
sition to  dispose  of  a  $^  counterfeit  note. 

Chief  Wood  and  his  men  also  had  some  experi- 
ence with  the  notorious  Curtis  Brothers,  burglars. 
They  operated  in  the  city  a  month  or  more,  and 
were  experts  in  their  line.  "Why,"  said  Ex-Chief 
Wood  recently,  "they  robbed  ten  or  a  dozen  places 
before  we  could  turn  round  and  get  our  eyes  open  !" 
They  were  finally  caught,  however,  put  on  trial,  but 


120  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

through  a  technicality  escaped  punishment.  "  Hod" 
Ennis,  another  celebrated  cracksman,  was  arrested 
here  and  returned  to  Boston  for  trial,  where  he  was 
"wanted." 

So,  vigorously  was  the  new  detective  department 
put  in  operation  against  criminals  that  in  his  report 
to  Mayor  Henry,  January  8,  1861,  Chief  Wood 
was  enabled  to  state  that : 

"  A  large  number  of  important  arrests  have  been  made,  and  a 
very  considerable  amount  of  stolen  property  recovered  and  restored 
to  the  owners. 

"  Fortunately  for  the  interest  of  our  citizens,  there  have  been 
(during  the  past  twelve  months)  but  few  very  heavy  robberies, 
and  even  those  are  quite  unimportant,  and  sink  into  insignificance 
when  compared  with  the  depredations  committed  against  property 
in  some  of  our  sister  cities." 

He  referred  to  the  promptness  of  arrest  and  con- 
viction of  a  number  of  burglars  during  the  year. 
Speaking  of  the  conviction  of  the  forger  Cross  he 
said  : 

"  A  number  of  successful  forgeries  upon  several  of  our  banks 
were  committed,  and  with  a  few  exceptions  the  perpetrators  suc- 
ceeded in  escaping  detection.  The  conviction  of  J.  Buchanan 
Cross  may  be  noted  as  one  of  the  most  important  that  has 
occurred  for  many  years.  In  his  case,  this  Department  may  take 
to  itself  no  small  degree  of  credit,  when  it  is  known  that  he  had 
for  so  many  years  baffled  the  ingenuity  and  vigilance  of  the  police 
of  portions  of  Europe,  and  of  several  cities  in  the  United  States." 

It  was  not  long  before  it  came  to  be  considered 

O 

that  Philadelphia  was  a  good  place  "  to  keep  away 
from,"  among  professional  criminals.  For  the  year 
1860  the  whole  number  of  arrests  by  the  detective 
department  was  four  hundred  and  eighty-one,  and 
the  value  of  stolen  property  recovered,  $25,686. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  I21 

Mr.  Wood  remained  Chief  of  Detectives  until 
November  i,  1861.  Upon  resigning  the  office, 
Mayor  Henry  sent  the  retiring  chief  a  letter,  in 
which  he  said  : 

"  In  receiving  your  resignation  as  Chief  of  the  Detective  Force 
from  the  end  of  the  current  month,  which  you  have  offered  me,  I 
cannot  permit  our  official  connection  to  close  without  expressing 
my  sense  of  the  important  services  rendered  by  you  in  that 
position.  In  the  establishment  of  the  Detective  Department  I 
asked  you,  unsolicited  on  your  part,  to  assume  its  charge,  and 
thus  devolved  upon  you  its  organization  in  a  great  measure,  a 
duty  which  was  skilfully  and  acceptably  performed. 

"  The  force  under  your  direction  has,  from  peculiar  causes,  pre- 
sented immense,  perhaps  insurmountable  difficulties  in  its  manage- 
ment, but  through  all  the  trying  circumstances  in  which  you  have 
thus  been  placed,  I  have  never  ceased  to  repose  implicit  confi- 
dence in  your  integrity  and  zeal.  With  warm  wishes  for  your 
future  welfare,  I  am,  very  respectfully, 

"  ALEXANDER  HENRY." 

Ex-Chief  Wood,  who  is  now  over  eighty  years  of 
age,  and  a  well  preserved  old  gentleman,  can  prob- 
ably write  Ex  before  more  titles  to  offices  which  he 
has  held  in  Philadelphia  than  any  other  man  in  the 
city.  For  many  years  he  was  a  reporter  on  the 
Public  Ledger.  He  can  properly  prefix  to  his  name 
any  of  the  following  titles  :  Ex-Captain  of  the  watch 
of  the  old  Spring  Garden  district,  in  1830-1831, 
Ex-Secretary  of  the  old  Penn  district,  Ex-Superin- 
tendent of  the  Watch,  Ex-Chief  of  Detectives,  Ex- 
Assessor  of  Taxes,  Ex-Collector  of  Delinquent 
Taxes,  Ex-Clerk  of  County  Board,  Ex-Superintend- 
ent of  Paving,  Ex-Member  of  the  Board  of  Health, 
Ex-Superintendent  of  Detectives  United  States 
Treasury,  and  Ex-Register  of  Wills.  He  figured 


122  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

prominently  in  the  movement  for  the  adoption  of 
the  system  of  public  education. 

In  1859  tne  system  of  appointing  substitutes,  or 
"  subs,"  as  they  have  come  to  be  called,  was  estab- 
lished. The  Councils,  by  ordinance  (April  29),  em- 
powered the  Mayor  to  appoint  a  number  of  substi- 
tutes to  act  in  cases  of  temporary  absence  of  police 
officers  from  duty,  but  who  should  be  paid  only  for 
the  time  or  service  actually  performed  by  them. 
Under  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance  Mayor 
Henry  appointed  thirty-four  substitutes,  who  were 
distributed  among  the  several  police  districts.  He 
made  it  a  rule  after  the  adoption  of  this  system  to 
make  appointments  to  the  regular  force  from  those 
who  had  previously  served  as  substitutes. 

By  degrees  the  repugnance  manifested  by  the 
members  of  the  police  to  being  put  in  uniform  was 
in  a  measure  overcome.  The  fine  appearance  of 
the  Reserves,  who  had  assumed  such  a  dress  in  1858, 
had  operated  largely  to  accomplish  this,  and  in 
November,  1860,  the  whole  force,  excepting  the 
turnkeys  and  telegraph  operators,  appeared  in  full 
uniform.  It  was  secured  at  the  individual  expense 
of  the  men,  but  shortly  thereafter  an  increase  in 
pay  was  made  by  Councils  to  cover  the  expense  of 
clothing. 

By  the  terms  of  the  ordinance,  the  salaries  of  the 
Chief  of  Police,  the  four  High  Constables  not  en- 
gaged in  detective  duty,  the  lieutenants  and  ser- 
geants of  police,  and  all  policemen  except  those  em- 
ployed as  telegraph  operators  or  turnkeys,  were 
increased  fifty  dollars,  "  in  consideration  whereof 
they  shall  at  all  times  be  uniformed,"  as  the  Mayor 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


I23 


might  direct.  This  might  or  might  not  be  consid- 
ered in  the  nature  of  a  peace-offering  to  the 
policemen  in  consideration  of  their  consent  to  be 
uniformed  at  all.  The  uniform  consisted  of  gray 
trousers,  with  black  stripes,  similar  to  those  now 
worn  by  the  carriers  in  the  postal  service,  single- 
breasted  blue  frock  coats  with  brass  buttons,  and 
the  old  style  cap  with  the  bro"ad  top  and  leathern 
visor,  known  as  the  "  Scott  Legion  "  cap.  Early  in 
1 86 1  a  new  badge  was  adopted  and  the  mace  car- 
ried in  the  belt  as  a  part  of  the  equipment.  This 
remained  the  uniform  until  Mayor  Stokley's  first 
term,  when  he  ordered  the  force  to  discard  the 
gray  trousers  and  adopt  blue  ones,  so  as  to  make  the 
suits  a  uniform  color. 

There  were  individual  members  of  the  force,  how- 
ever, who  were  not  proud  of  their  new  clothes,  and 
there  were  not  a  few  who,  for  a  time,  starting  out  on 
their  beat,  fully  uniformed,  would  take  advantage  of 
the  earliest  opportunity  to  repair  to  their  homes  and 
don  civilian's  dress.  This  dress  would  be  again  ex- 
changed for  the  uniform  as  the  hour  for  reporting  at 
the  station-house  approached. 

By  the  same  ordinance  providing  for  the  increase 
of  salaries,  the  first  Harbor  Police  was  created.  The 
Mayor  was  empowered  to  appoint  one  lieutenant 
of  police  and  ten  patrolmen  in  addition  to  the  then 
police  force,  who  should  constitute  the  River  and 
Harbor  Police.  They  were  divided  into  two  boats' 
crews,  and  their  duties  were  prescribed  by  the 
Mayor. 

At  this  time,  to  equalize  the  services  of  the  differ- 
ent officers,  the  plan  of  detailing  only  a  part  of 


124  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

them  for  day  duty  was  abandoned,  and  the  regular 
alternation  of  day  and  night  service  substituted 
throughout  the  force.  A  system  of  posts,  at  which 
officers  were  stationed,  was  established  in  localities 
from  which  the  largest  supervision  of  the  city  could 
be  exercised,  and  near  of  access  in  any  emergency. 
This  system  replaced  the  former  day  patrol. 

Mayor  Henry,  in  each  succeeding  message  to 
Councils,  called  attention  to  the  inadequate  number 
'of  officers  to  perform  the  duty  expected  of  them. 
Although  the  city  was  rapidly  growing  in  extent 
and  population,  still  the  force  was  not  materially 
increased.  The  drill  and  discipline  of  the  men 
rendered  it  competent  and  reliable  in  any  emergency 
where  its  co-operative  power  should  be  needed,  but 
its  numbers  were  not  sufficient  to  offer  reasonable 
protection  to  persons  and  property  in  the  districts 
which  had  been  recently  built  up.  In  1864  the 
Mayor  asked  Councils  for  the  authority  to  appoint 
one  hundred  additional  policemen. 

At  the  time  of  the  invasion  of  the  State  in  1863, 
by  the  Confederate  forces  under  General  Lee,  a 
Military  Police  Company  was  organized  under  the 
title  of  the  "  Henry  Guards."  The  company  pro- 
ceeded to  Harrisburg,  and  were  on  duty  during  the 
excitement  attending  the  emergency.  Their  pro- 
ficiency in  drill,  services  and  good  behavior  reflected 
credit  on  themselves  and  the  Police  Force  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

In  1864  the  office  of  Fire  Marshal  was  estab- 
lished. While  the  functions  of  that  office  had  been 
exercised  by  Alexander  W.  Blackburn,  the  title, 
previous  to  that  time,  had  been  merely  one  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'25 


courtesy.  Mr.  Henry's  third  and  last  term  as 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  expired  December  31,  1865. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Morton  McMichael,  who  was 
inaugurated  January  i,  1866. 

Mayor  Alexander  Henry  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
April  14,  1823.  He  was  a  son  of  John  Henry  and 
a  grandson  of  Alexander  Henry,  who,  in  his  time, 
was  a  most  prominent  and  honored  citizen.  Mr. 
Henry  graduated  with  distinguished  honors  from 
Princeton  College.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
April  13,  1844.  In  1856  and  1857  he  represented 
the  Seventh  Ward  in  Councils.  In  1858,  nominated 
as  the  standard-bearer  of  the  People's  party,  com- 
posed of  Whigs  and  Republicans,  he  was  elected 
Mayor.  He  was  re-elected  in  1860,  and  again  in 
1863.  He  declined  a  re-nomination  in  1866,  taking 
the  ground  that  it  was  wrong  for  one  man  to  serve 
in  such  a  position  too  many  terms.  He  managed 
the  city  affairs  during  the  Civil  War  with  great  abil- 
ity, and  under  his  administration  the  efficiency  of  the 
police  force  was  raised  to  a  high  standard.  The  Re- 
serve Corps  was  especially  developed  into  a  very 
effective  branch  of  the  service.  At  various  times  he 
held  many  other  public  and  semi-public  positions  of 
trust  and  honor.  He  died  on  December  6,  1883. 
As  a  mark  of  respect  on  his  death,  the  flags  on  In- 
dependence Hall,  the  Mayor's  office,  and  a  number 
of  business  establishments  were  placed  at  half-mast. 
Mayor  King  sent  a  message  to  Councils,  notifying 
them  of  the  death  of  the  Ex-Mayor,  and  expressing 
his  high  appreciation  of  his  predecessor's  character. 
Resolutions  of  respect  were  passed  by  both  Cham- 


126  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

bers,  and  a  joint  committee  appointed  to  make  ar- 
rangements for  attending  the  funeral. 

It  was  one  of  the  cardinal  principles  of  Mayor 
Henry's  administrations  that  members  of  the  police 
force  should  be  retained  during  good  behavior,  with- 
out liability  to  removal  for  their  political  opinions. 
He  regarded  it  as  a  matter  of  great  importance 
not  only  to  the  maintenance  of  an  effective  police 
force,  but  to  the  welfare  of  the  community.  Several 
bills  to  that  end  were  prepared  by  him  and  submitted 
to  the  Legislature. 

Samuel  G.  Ruggles,  the  efficient  Chief  of  Police 
for  so  many  years,  was  continued  in  his  office  by 
Mayor  McMichael,  also  a  Republican  incumbent. 
When  the  new  Mayor  took  his  seat  the  effective  force 
of  police  consisted  of  843  men,  including  the  Chief 
and  other  officers.  On  January  i,  1866,  the  Schuyl- 
kill  River  and  Harbor  police  went  into  operation, 
their  field  of  duty  being  the  Schuylkill  River  and  vi- 
cinity. After  one  year's  service  of  this  new  branch 
of  the  force  Mayor  McMichael  referred  to  it  in  the 
following  language  : 

"The  concurrent  testimony  of  the  officers  of  the  Schuylkill 
Navigation  Company,  and  of  the  property  owners  generally  near 
the  banks  of  the  stream,  as  well  as  those  whose  business  requires 
them  to  occupy  its  waters,  in  addition  to  the  increased  security 
given  to  the  public  works  and  grounds,  sufficiently  attest  the  value 
of  this  organization." 

Mayor  McMichael,  early  in  his  administration, 
took  up  the  cry  for  "more  men,"  the  necessity  of 
which  his  predecessor  in  office  had  iterated  and  re- 
iterated time  and  again.  New  York  City  then  had 
eighteen  hundred  patrolmen,  while  Philadelphia  had 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


127 


but  seven  hundred,  although  it  covered  a  vastly 
larger  territorial  area,  and  embraced  some  thirty 
thousand  more  houses  than  the  former  city.  It  was 
not  pretended  that  the  patrol  force  of  New  York 
was  beyond  the  needs  of  that  city,  so  that  it  had  to 
be  admitted  that  the  patrol  force  of  Philadelphia 
fell  far  below  what  was  required.  The  Mayor  not 
only  found  that  the  number  of  the  force  was  inade- 
quate, but  that  in  many  respects  the  geographical 
arrangement  of  the  police  districts  was  objectiona- 
ble. "It  would  be  superfluous  to  argue  the  mani- 
fest proposition,"  he  said  in  his  first  annual  message, 

"  that  a  station-house  should  be  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  centre 
of  the  area  traversed  by  the  officers,  for  whose  accommodation  it  is 
intended.  Every  motive  of  convenience,  economy  and  efficiency 
requires  this.  .  .  .  The  public  interests  suffer  from  this  cause, 
and  it  ought  to  be  removed." 

He  asked  Councils  for  authority  to  re-arrange  the 
boundaries  of  the  police  districts  so  as  to  secure  the 
location  of  the  station-house  in  each,  as  near  its  geo- 
graphical centre  as  practicable.  This  authority  was 
given,  but  before  any  change  was  made  it  was  pro- 
vided that  the  Police  Committee  of  Councils  should 
sanction  the  same. 

Wounded  and  disabled  soldiers  were  made  eligible 
to  appointment  on  the  Police  Force  by  ordinance 
of  Councils  in  1866.  The  Mayor  was  authorized  to 
appoint  them,  not  to  exceed  two  for  each  station- 
house,  to  be  detailed  as  telegraph  operators  and 
turnkeys.  They  received  the  same  pay  as  other 
officers. 

The  total  number  of  arrests  made  by  the  police  in 
1866  was  43,985,  which  included  565  made  by  the 


I2g  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

detectives  and  194  by  the  High  Constables.  This 
was  an  increase  of  over  4000  over  the  preceding 
year.  In  reporting  these  figures  to  Councils,  Mayor 
McMichael  referred  to  the  greatly  increased  number 
of  offenders  arrested  under  the  technical  charge  of 
"corner  lounging."  In  the  year  1864  there  were 
two  hundred  and  one,  and  in  1865  three  hundred 
and  sixty-two  prisoners  entered  on  the  books  of 
the  station-houses  for  this  offence,  while  in  1866 
the  arrests  were  715.  This  increase  was  due,  said 
the  Mayor, 

"  to  the  fact  that  unusual  efforts  have  been  made  to  disperse  the 
crowds  of  idle  men  and  boys  who  gather  at  street  corners  and 
other  places  on  the  public  highways,  and  insult  and  annoy  the 
neighbors  and  passers-by.  In  all  large  towns  this  is  a  common 
nuisance,  but  in  some  parts  of  Philadelphia  it  had  assumed  such 
proportions  that  I  determined,  at  least,  to  try  to  abate  it." 

He  issued  stringent  orders  to  his  officers  not  to  per- 
mit its  continuance,  and  when  the  offenders  were  not 
disposed  to  comply  with  the  command  "  to  move 
on  "  they  were  arrested  and  punished. 

During  the  second  year  of  Mayor  McMichael's  ad- 
ministration he  rearranged  the  police  districts ;  two 
new  districts  were  established,  making  a  consequent 
slight  increase  of  the  force.  That  portion  of  the 
city  lying  between  Gunner's  Run  and  Frankford 
Creek,  and  extending  from  the  Delaware  to  the  rail- 
road and  the  Germantown  road  respectively,  em- 
bracing portions  of  the  Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth 
wards,  and  the  whole  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward,  was 
organized  into  the  Eighteenth  Police  District.  The 
station-house  was  located  in  the  old  Richmond  Hall 
at  Clearfield  and  Amber  streets.  This  section  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


129 


the  city  was  greatly  benefited  by  the  extension  of 
police  protection  to  it.  In  some  parts  it  was  occu- 
pied by  a  dense  population,  which  for  want  of  suit- 
able restraint  was  formerly  unruly  and  troublesome, 
and  in  other  parts,  the  population  being  sparsely  dis- 
tributed, was  without  sufficient  protection.  Both 
these  evils  were  to  a  great  extent  remedied.  As  a 
consequence,  improvements  on  a  large  scale  were 
made  ;  new  streets  were  opened,  mills  and  factories 
and  substantial  dwellings  sprang  up,  and  in  a  few 
years  a  busy,  intelligent  mass  of  people  engaged  in 
the  industrial  arts  filled  that  part  of  the  city,  which 
has  since  become  the  location  of  many  of  our  prin- 
cipal manufactories. 

The  Seventeenth  Police  District  was  organized  the 
same  year.  To  supply  this  new  district  with  lieu- 
tenants, sergeants,  telegraph  operators,  turnkeys  and 
patrolmen,  a  redistribution  of  the  force  was  made 
and  twenty  new  men  were  appointed.  The  number 
of  arrests  during  the  year  was  43,506,  which  included 
444  made  by  the  detective  department  and  102  by 
the  high  constables. 

The  police  and  fire-alarm  telegraph  was  raised  to 
the  dignity  of  a  department  of  the  city  in  1868. 
The  ordinance  creating  it  provided  for  a  superin- 
tendent who  should  have  the  care  and  management 
of  the  police  and  fire-alarm  telegraph  and  of  all  per- 
sons employed  under  the  department.  This  action 
did  not  affect  the  Mayor  or  his  police,  however,  as 
he  was  given  full  and  unlimited  control  over  the  tel- 
egraph wires  for  the  transmission  of  messages  for 
municipal  purposes.  The  following  year  the  superin- 
tendent was  given  authority  to  connect  any  bank  or 

9 


I30 


THE  PHILADELPHIA   POLICE, 


other  institution  with  the  Central  Office  by  telegraph 
for  the  purpose  of  giving  an  instantaneous  alarm  in 
case  of  any  emergency.  The  institutions  were  re- 
quired to  pay  the  cost  of  making  the  connection. 

Mayor  Me  Michael's  term  expired  in  October,  1868. 
He  was  born  in  Burlington  County,  New  Jersey,  on 
the  2d  of  October,  1807.  His  family  moved -to  Phil- 
adelphia when  he  was  quite  young,  and  his  college 
training  was  had  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  subsequently  read  law  with  David  Paul  Brown 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827.  Prior  to  that 
date,  however,  his  inclinations  led  him  into  literary 
pursuits,  and  at  a  very  early  age  he  began  that  jour- 
nalistic career  which  lasted  until  his  death,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1879,  and  which  in  its  scope  and  achievement 
has  never  been  excelled  in  Philadelphia.  In  1826 
he  succeeded  T.  Cottrell  Clarke  as  editor  of  the  Sat- 
urday Evening  Post,  a  journal  established  in  1821  as 
an  outgrowth  of  Benjamin  Franklin's  Pennsylvania 
Gazette,  which  was  originally  published  in  1728.  In 
1831  Mr.  McMichael  became  editor-in-chief  of  the 
Saturday  Courier,  and  in  1836  became  associated 
with  Louis  A.  Godey  and  Joseph  C.  Neal  in  the 
publication  of  the  Saturday  News. 

He  was  connected  as  editor  with  the  Saturday 
Gazette  in  1844.  In  1847  ne  became  associated  with 
George  R.  Graham  in  the  ownership  of  the  North 
American.  In  1854  Mr.  McMichael  became  sole 
proprietor  of  the  paper.  For  over  fifty  years  ac- 
tively employed  in  journalism,  there  was  no  move- 
ment on  foot  for  the  public  good,  or  for  the  honor 
and  welfare  of  the  city,  which  had  not  Mr. 
McMichael's  powerful  advocacy  and  support.  No 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  !3! 

one  contributed  more  largely  than  he  to  carrying 
forward  the  public  school  system,  consolidating  the 
city,  creating  the  Park,  and  a  score  of  other  munici- 
pal measures  of  great  importance. 

While  a  young  man  he  served  for  some  years  as 
an  alderman  of  the  city.  In  1843  to  1846  he  was 
high  sheriff,  displaying  eminent  courage  in  combating 
the  anti-Catholic  riots  of  1844. 

He  was  mayor  from  January  i,  1866,  to  December 
31,  1868.  In  1867,  upon  organization  of  the  Park 
Commission,  he  was  chosen  president  of  that  body, 
a  position  he  held  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  In 
1873  ne  was  appointed  a  delegate-at-large  to  the 
Fourth  Constitutional  Convention  of  Pennsylvania, 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  William 
M.  Meredith. 


132  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  VI. 
THE  DAYS  OF  "  Fox's  POLICE." 

THE  RELIGIOUS  ISSUE  IN  THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  1 868. — RESIG- 
NATION AND  DEATH  OF  CHIEF  RUGGLES. — MAYOR 
FOX'S  RECEPTION  TO  GENERAL  GRANT. — EXCITEMENT 
OVER  ABOLITION  OF  THE  VOLUNTEER  FIRE  DEPART- 
MENT.— THE  PERIL  OF  THE  ENGINE-HOUSE. — REOR- 
GANIZATION OF  THE  DEMORALIZED  DETECTIVE  FORCE 
UNDER  CHIEF  MULHOLLAND. — THE  FOUR  CAPTAIN- 
CIES CREATED. — THE  FORCE  AT  LAST  INCREASED.— 
GENERAL  MULHOLLAND'S  DEFENCE  OF  THE  ADMIN- 
ISTRATION. 

RELIGIOUS  issues  were  injected  into  the  campaign 
of  1868,  and  with  success  by  the  party  raising  them. 
The  town  was  placarded  with  attacks  upon  General 
Hector  Tyndale  and  his  liberal  opinions,  and  in  con- 
sequence Daniel  M.  Fox,  the  Democratic  candidate, 
was  elected  Mayor,  the  whole  city  ticket  going  in 
with  him,  although  the  rest  of  it  was  quickly  ejected. 

With  the  retirement  of  Mayor  McMichael  on  the 
expiration  of  his  term  ended  the  official  career  of 
Chief  of  Police  Samuel  G.  Ruggles,  who  for  so  many 
years,  and  under  different  administrations,  had  so  ably 
filled  that  office.  For  several  months  before  the  end 
of  Mayor  McMichael's  term,  Chief  Ruggles  had  been 
ill  and  unable  to  attend  to  his  duties.  Upon  the 
election  of  Mr.  Fox,  he  tendered  his  resignation  to 
Mayor  McMichael,  to  take  effect  at  the  end  of  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


133 


year  and  that  Mayor's  term  of  office.  He  never 
fully  recovered  from  this  illness,  and  several  months 
after  Mayor  Fox's  inauguration,  the  veteran  Chief  of 
Police  died. 

Originally  appointed  by  Mayor  Vaux  on  the  ex- 
piration of  Marshal  Murphy's  term,  and  the  discon- 
tinuance of  the  office  of  Marshal,  he  became  the 
first  Chief  of  Police  in  the  consolidated  city.  He 
served  through  Mayor  Vaux's  term,  who  never  had 
any  reason  to  regret  his  impromptu1  choice  of  his 
lieutenant.  He  served  with  equal  satisfaction 
through  the  three  terms  of  Mayor  Henry,  and  under 
Mayor  McMichael.  On  him,  as  first  Chief  of  Police, 
the  duty  of  organizing  and  putting  into  effective 
working  order  the  large  body  of  men  under  him, 
chiefly  devolved.  On  every  occasion  he  showed 
himself  fully  equal  to  the  demands  of  an  emergency, 
and  worthy  of  the  trust  and  confidence  reposed  in 
him.  In  the  last  year  of  his  service  as  chief,  he 
spoke  of  the  force  under  him  in  these  terms : 

"  The  Police  Force  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  efficiency  and  dis- 
cipline, as  the  report  of  their  work  will  show.  They  will  compare 
favorably  with  any  similar  body  of  men,  and  I  am  indebted  to  the 
Lieutenants  for  their  close  attention  to  duty  and  obedience  to 
orders,  and  for  their  assistance  and  co-operation  with  me  in  direct- 
ing the  police  operations  of  the  cityv  The  Detective  Department 
has  also  been  an  efficient  ally  ;  its  assistance  has  been  thorough 
and  valuable.  To  the  Chief  of  that  Department,  to  the  Fire  Mar- 
shal, and  to  the  individual  members  of  the  force,  I  desire  to  return 
my  thanks." 

The  term  of  the  gentleman'  who  succeeded  Chief 
Ruggles'  superior  extended  from  January,  1869,  to 
January,  1872.  Mr.  Fox  was  nominated  three  times 
before  he  finally  succeeded  in  securing  election.  He 


I34  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

was  in  his  fiftieth  year  when  he  became  Chief  Magis- 
trate of  the  city,  having  been  born  June  16,  1819,  in 
Philadelphia.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  earlier 
settlers  in  Pennsylvania.  His  maternal  grandfather, 
Daniel  Miller,  was  one  of  the  sturdiest  veterans  of 
the  War  of  Independence.  He  was  with  Washing- 
ton at  Germantown,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  High- 
lands, N.  Y.,  and  Valley  Forge,  Pa.,  and  witnessed 
the  surrender  of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown.  After  the 
war,  the  grandfather  of  the  future  Mayor  settled 
down  in  the  old  district  of  the  Northern  Liberties. 
There  Mr.  Fox's  parents  were  born,  and  a  generation 
later  he  was  himself  brought  into  the  world.  Daniel 
received  a  very  good  education,  and  at  the  age  of  16 
began  the  study  of  conveyancing,  and  after  he  had 
been  graduated  entered  business  for  himself.  It  was 
not  until  six  years  after  he  was  Mayor  that  he  be- 
came a  lawyer.  At  the  age  of  59  he  finished  his 
legal  studies  in  the  office  of  his  son,  who  had  been 
already  admitted  to  the  bar. 

Early  in  life  Mr.  Fox  took  an  active  part  in  poli- 
tics, and  had  barely  attained  his  majority  when  he 
was  chosen  School  Director.  He  presided  over  the 
Board  for  several  years.  He  also  represented  the 
district  in  the  Board  of  Health  for  nine  years,  and 
prior  to  the  constitution  of  the  Board  of  City  Trusts, 
was  elected  a  Director  of  Girard  College  by  Coun- 
cils. In  1859  ne  was  elected  to  Councils  from  the 
Twelfth  Ward.  He  retired  in  1862,  declining  a  re- 
nomination.  That  year  Alexander  Henry  was  nom- 
inated for  a  third  term  by  the  Republicans,  and  the 
Democrats  unanimously  chose  Mr.  Fox  as  their 
standard-bearer.  He  was  defeated  by  5088  votes 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'35 


In  1865  Morton  Me  Michael  was  the  Republican 
nominee  for  Mayor,  and  again  Mr.  Fox  was  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  He  was  again  defeated,  this 
time  by  6935  votes.  Mr.  Fox  was  finally  victorious 
over  General  Tyndale  by  a  majority  of  1848.  The 
result  was  contested  on  the  ground  of  corrupt  prac- 
tices, and  the  courts  decided  against  the  whole  Dem- 
ocratic ticket,  excepting  its  head  alone. 

Mayor  Fox  was  inaugurated  January  i,  1869,  and 
his  first  official  act  was  to  tender  a  reception  to  Gen- 
eral Grant,  the  President-elect.  The  tender  was  ac- 
cepted and  the  reception  was  held  in  Independence 
Hall.  This  action  was  commented  on  at  the  time 
very  favorably,  as  the  Mayor  was  of  a  different  polit- 
ical faith  from  Grant,  and  his  predecessor  had  refused 
to  offer  a  reception  to  President  Johnson.  General 
Grant  subsequently  showed  his  appreciation  of  the 
courtesy.  In  1876  Congress  empowered  the  Presi- 
dent to  appoint  three  commissioners  to  adjust  the 
differences  between  the  railroads  carrying  mails  and 
the  Government  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Fox 
was  honored  by  the  President  with  an  appointment 
on  this  Commission.  The  other  commissioners 
were  Hon.  Frank  Palmer,  of  Illinois,  and  Hon. 
Gardner  Hubbard,  of  Massachusetts.  During  their 
investigation,  which  extended  over  three  years,  the 
Commission  travelled  over  29,000  miles.  In  their 
report  they  recommended  a  basis  of  remuneration 
for  carrying  the  mails  which  was  satisfactory  to 
both  Congress  and  the  railroad  companies. 

The  most  important  occurrence  during  Mayor 
Fox's  term  was  the  abolition  of  the  old  volunteer 
fire  department.  The  ordinance  for  the  erection 


136  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

of  a  paid  fire  department  was  passed  December  29, 
1870,  after  a  series  of  hot  debates.  The  old  vol- 
unteers were  a  power  in  politics,  but  their  acts  of 
violence  and  incendiarism  made  it  imperative  in  the 
opinion  of  a  majority  of  citizens  that  they  should  be 
superseded.  The  passage  of  the  ordinance  caused  a 
sensation  because  it  was  not  believed  that  Councils 
would  dare  to  abolish  the  volunteers.  Feeling  ran 
high.  The  firemen  held  meeting  after  meeting  in 
their  engine-houses.  All  attention  was  directed  to- 
wards the  Mayor.  Would  he-  sign  the  ordinance 
and  make  it  a  law  ?  He  had  ten  days  in  which  to 
consider  the  bill.  He  was  known  to  favor  it ;  but 
day  after  day  passed  and  he  took  no  action.  Mean- 
while he  was  not  asleep.  He  had  perfected  po- 
lice arrangements  whereby  the  whole  force  could 
be  called  out  at  once  on  the  outbreak  of  any 
violence,  and  the  excitement  was  so  great  that  the 
rowdy  element  and  the  firemen  were  expected  to 
sally  forth  at  any  moment.  There  were  two  or  three 
isolated  outrages,  but  no  general  riot.  The  ten  days 
drew  towards  a  close  and  the  excitement  became  less 
intense  every  day.  It  was  with  this  object  in  view 
that  the  Mayor  delayed  signing  the  ordinance.  He 
waited  until  the  last  day  before  putting  his  signature 
to  the  bill.  The  volunteers  had  become  in  a  degree 
reconciled  to  the  measure,  and  some  of  them  hoped 
to  resume  work  with  engine,  hook  and  ladder  under 
the  new  system.  Nevertheless,  the  firemen,  before 
vacating  their  houses  forever,  burned  effigies  of  the 
Mayor. 

There  is  one  party  of  the  old  volunteers  who  hold 
Mr.  Fox  in  high  esteem,  however.     At  the  great  fire 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  !3y 

in  Newhall,  Borie  &  Co.'s  sugar  refinery,  which  stood 
at  the  corner  of  Race  and  Crown  streets,  the  lives 
of  a  number  of  the  volunteers  were  endangered 
through  their  own  stubbornness,  and  only  saved 
through  determined  action  on  the  part  of  the  Mayor. 
The  engine-house  of  the  refinery  was  a  single  story 
building  facing  on  Crown  Street ;  over  it  was  a  pro- 
jection five  or  six  stories  in  height  containing  the 
hoisting  apparatus  and  other  machinery  of  great 
weight.  About  a  score  of  the  firemen  took  up  a  po- 
sition on  the  roof  of  the  engine-house  and  directed 
a  stream  of  water  against  the  main  building.  Un- 
known to  them  the  flames  were  rapidly  eating  their 
way  to  the  machinery  in  the  projection  over  them. 
The  Mayor  made  it  a  point  to  attend  all  important 
fires,  and  frequently  his  vigilance  at  great  conflagra- 
tions resulted  in  the  detection  of  gangs  of  thieves 
who  operated  in  the  uniform  of  the  firemen.  On 
this  occasion  he  observed  the  danger  which  threat- 
ened the  men.  It  was  evident  to  him  that  the  ma- 
chinery would  soon  be  reached,  and  the  projection 
fall.  A  serious  disaster  would  be  the  consequence 
unless  the  men  removed.  The  Mayor  sent  the 
Chief  of  Police  to  inform  them  of  their  danger,  and 
endeavored  to  induce  them  to  retire  from  their  perilous 
position.  They  angrily  declared  they  would  occupy 
whatever  place  they  pleased,  and  said  the  Mayor 
should  mind  his  own  business  as  he  had  no  authority 
over  them.  The  Mayor  saw  that  prompt  and  deci- 
sive action  was  necessary  if  the  lives  of  the  men  were 
not  to  be  sacrificed.  He  ordered  Chief  Mulholland 
to  drive  the  headstrong  fellows  from  the  roof  by 
force.  All  the  policemen  in  the  neighborhood  of 


138  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

the  fire  were  collected  and  they  charged  the  volun- 
teers, who  were  routed  with  some  difficulty  and  came 
clamoring  around  the  Mayor,  demanding  to  know 
by  what  authority  he  had  interfered  with  them,  ex- 
ecrating and  threatening  him  with  personal  violence. 

"  Wait  five  minutes  and  I  will  give  you  an  answer," 
said  Mr.  Fox,  quietly. 

A  moment  later  the  projection  with  all  the  heavy 
machinery  fell,  crushing  the  engine-house.  The  men 
who  a  moment  before  had  reviled  the  Mayor  were 
silent  for  a  moment,  then  they  gathered  around  him 
and  gave  three  prolonged  and  hearty  cheers  for 
Daniel  M.  Fox. 

During  the  administration,  the  movement  which 
resulted  in  the  Centennial  Exhibition  was  inaugu- 
rated, and  Mayor  Fox  was  conspicuous  in  forward- 
ing it.  He  appeared  before  a  Congressional  com- 
mittee and  advocated  the  project.  He  was  one  of 
the  directors  of  the  Exhibition.  He  inaugurated 
many  subscription  lists  for  charitable  purposes,  in- 
cluding one  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the 
great  Chicago  fire,  and  another  for  the  relief  of  the 
sufferers  on  both  sides  by  the  Franco- Prussian  war. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  refused  a  re-nomi- 
nation and  began  his  legal  studies.  He  was  given 
a  banquet  in  the  Academy  of  Music,  and  both 
branches  of  Councils  passed  resolutions  acknowledg- 
ing the  efficiency  of  his  administration. 

Mr.  Fox  surrounded  himself  with  a  police  force 
mainly  drawn  from  the  ranks  of  those  in  political 
sympathy  with  him.  General  St.  Clair  A.  Mulhol- 
land,  who  has  since  made  a  good  reputation  as  an 
artist  in  Paris,  was  his  Chief  of  Police.  He  was  an 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


139 


excellent  organizer  and  disciplinarian,  and  it  is  on 
account  of  the  system  of  discipline  introduced  and 
since  continued  that  the  administration  is  of  impor- 
tance in  the  history  of  the  Philadelphia  police 
force.  Reviewing  his  administration  now,  those 
who  partially,  as  political  partisans,  severely  criti- 
cized Mr.  Fox  during  his  incumbency  are  willing  to 
admit  that  he  was  an  energetic  executive,  and  that 
if  some  of  his  raw  policemen  had  their  heads  turned 
by  the  consciousness  of  their  little  brief  authority, 
crime  was  suppressed,  and  on  the  whole,  the  ad- 
ministration was  an  efficient  one. 

A  very  important  change  in  the  Detective  De- 
partment was  effected  in  June,  1868.  Prior  to  that 
time  this  branch  of  the  police  had  existed  as  a  dis- 
tinct department.  The  officers  were  responsible 
only  to  their  chief.  In  addition  to  the  trouble  which 
was  certain  to  result  from  such  a  conflict  of  author- 
ity, the  system  had  to  some  extent  fallen  into  dis- 
repute. The  detectives  were  in  the  habit  of  dis- 
charging prisoners  from  custody  without  the  formal- 
ity of  taking  them  before  a  magistrate,  and  even 
after  they  had  been  committed.  A  change  was  seen 
to  be  necessary,  and  on  June  24,  1869,  Mayor  Fox 
sent  a  communication  to  Councils  notifying  them  of 
the  reorganization  of  the  Detective  Department, 
and  placing  it  entirely  under  the  superintendency  of 
the  Chief  of  Police. 

"  Experience  has  demanded  the  necessity  of  a 
change,"  he  said, 

"  and  it  has  seemed  to  me  that  the  incorporation  of  the  detective 
with  the  other  police  force  and  its  subjection  to  one  authority,  to- 
gether with  specific  regulations  for  performance  of  duties,  will 


i46  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

promote  the  efficiency  of  all  branches,  while  public  opinion  will  be 
better  satisfied  than  by  a  continuance  of  the  present  system, 
which  has  unquestionably  fallen  into  some  disrepute." 

The  general  order  of  Chief  of  Police  Mulholland, 
carrying  into  effect  this  change,  provided  that 

"The  Chief  of  the  Detective  Department  shall  report  daily  in 
writing  to  the  Chief  of  Police  all  matters  occurring  in  his  depart- 
ment on  the  preceding  day,  including  full  information  of  offences 
and  arrests  and  the  circumstances  attending  each  case. 

"  No  person  arrested  shall  be  discharged  except  by  order  of  the 
Mayor  or  the  Committing  Magistrate,  nor  shall  the  custody  of  any 
prisoner  be  changed  unless  by  their  order  or  that  of  the  Chief 
of  Police. 

"  No  rewards  or  gratuities  whatever)  whether  money  or  other 
valuables,  shall  be  received  by -any  officer  except  by  express  per- 
mission of  the  Mayor,  and  all  tenders  of  rewards  and  gratuities 
shall  be  promptly  reported  to  the  Mayor. 

"  All  stolen  or  other  property  received  shall  be  returned  as 
speedily  as  practicable  to  the  proper  owner,  except  where  by  law 
the  same  is  to  be  delivered  to  the  clerk  of  the  courts  of  Oyer  and 
Terminer  and  Quarter  Sessions,  the  same  in  all  cases  to  be  done 
only  by  the  Chief  of  Police,  a  receipt  therefor  to  be  taken  in  a 
book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose." 

The  efficiency  of  the  department  was  greatly 
increased  by  these  changes.  The  present  office 
quarters  of  the  Chief  of  Police  were  assigned  Chief 
Mulholland  on  the  request  of  the  Mayor  in  1869. 
Prior  to  that  the  chief  had  been  without  a  separate 
office.  The  Mayor  himself  kept  a  private  Rogues' 
Gallery,  and  two  years  after  leaving  office  was 
enabled  to  detect  a  pickpocket  on  a  street-car  and 
have  him  arrested.  The  force  paraded  in  Logan 
Square,  June  8,  1870. 

After  Mayor  Fox  had  been  in  office  for  one  year,  it 
is  not  surprising  to  learn,  in  face  of  the  ruling  com- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  I4I 

plaint  of  his  predecessors,  that  the  burden  of  his  first 
annual  communication  to  Councils  concerning  the 
police  department  was  the  inadequate  force  at  his 
disposal.  Had  the  current  slang  word  "  chestnut" 
been  coined  in  those  days,  the  members  of  Councils 
would  have  been  sorely  tempted  to  its  use  when  that 
portion  of  his  Honor's  message  was  read  to  them. 

Chief  of  Police  Mulholland,  shortly  after  assum- 
ing the  office,  made  an  inspection  of  the  department, 
and  reported  to  the  Mayor  that  many  of  the  station- 
houses  were  greatly  out  of  repair,  and  filthy  beyond 
measure.  The  chief  at  once  commenced  the  work 
of  renovation  and  repair,  and  with  the  very  limited 
means  at  his  disposal  succeeded  in  greatly  improving 
them.  He  reported  that  the  Third,  Fourth,  Fifth 
and  Eighth  district  station-houses  were  a  disgrace  to 
the  city.  The  cells  of  the  Third,  Fourth  and  Eighth 
districts  were  almost  devoid  of  ventilation,  while 
those  of  the  Fifth  District  were  below  ground.  "  In 
my  opinion,"  he  said,  "  if  the  Board  of  Health  should 
visit  some  of  these  station-houses  they  would  order 
them  closed." 

Chief  Mulholland  had  occasion  to  speak  of  the 
social  evil  in  the  performance  of  his  duty,  in  the 
following  words  : 

"  Persistent  efforts  have  been  made  to  abate  the  nuisance  of 
street-walking,  but  we  have  been  but  partially  successful.  Our 
Committing  Magistrate,  under  the  laws,  can  but  simply  exact  from 
the  offenders  a  trifling  fine,  which  is  promptly  paid,  and  they  are 
allowed  to  depart  to  repeat  the  offence.  The  great  evil  of  prosti- 
tution can  only  be  held  in  check  by  some  wise  legislative  action, 
and  suitable  laws  should  be  enacted  to  govern  this  unfortunate 
class.  That  spirit  of  hesitating  morality  that  drives  the  subject 
from  our  legislative  halls  and  seeks  to  ignore  its  presence 


142  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

is  a  questionable  one.  We  have  reason  to  believe,  that  in  some 
large  cities  the  fact  of  these  poor  creatures  being  placed  under 
police  surveillance  is,  in  a  great  measure,  under  present  circum- 
stances, beneficial.  We  cannot  eradicate  the  evil ;  we  cannot 
even  banish  it  from  our  midst;  but  judicious  legislative  action 
might  mitigate,  and,  to  a  degree,  remove  some  of  its  most  repul- 
sive features." 

Chief  Mulholland  recommended  that  the  office  of 
high  constable  be  changed,  and  instead  of  having 
seven  of  these  officers  doing  duty  as  high  constables, 
and  confining  them  to  looking  after  violations  of  or- 
dinances, have  three  additional  detectives  and  four 
inspectors  of  police.  This  change,  he  thought, 
would  .add  efficiency  to  the  force  without  increasing 
the  expense.  He  advocated  this  change  with  a  view 
of  dividing  the  police  districts  into  four  inspection 
divisions,  and  placing  an  inspector  in  charge  of  each, 
with  authority  superior  to  that  of  the  lieutenants, 
holding  them  responsible  for  the  discipline  of  the 
force  and  the  enforcement  of  the  ordinances  in  their 
respective  divisions. 

Both  of  these  suggestions  of  Chief  Mulholland 
were  subsequently  carried  out ;  the  new  officers  were, 
however,  called  captains  instead  of  inspectors.  Fre- 
quent and  just  complaints  were  made  by  the  citizens 
of  the  paucity  of  the  police  force,  and,  said  the  chief, 
the  attempt  to  properly  cover  and  guard  the  vast 
area  embraced  in  the  built-up  portion  of  the  city 
seemed  absurd.  Philadelphia  had  but  one  police 
officer  to  every  1000  inhabitants,  while  New  York 
had  one  to  every  500,  and  Boston  one  to  every  600 
inhabitants.  To  illustrate  the  insufficiency  of  the 
force :  the  average  length  of  the  day  beats  in  the 
First  District  were  thirty-seven  squares,  and  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


143 


night  beats  twenty-one  squares.  In  the  Eleventh 
District  the  day  beats  ran  up  to  seventy-five  squares 
and  the  night  to  thirty-seven  squares.  There  were 
some  below  these  figures  in  the  densely  populated 
parts  of  the  city  In  commenting  on  these  facts, 
Chief  Mulholland  said  : 

"  \Ve  must  feel  astonished  that  crime  is  not  more  prevalent.  It 
can  only  be  the  sterling  excellence  of  our  citizens  that  prevents  us 
from  being  overrun  with  outlaws,  and  which  makes  our  city  one  of 
the  safest  and  most  orderly  in  the  Union.'1 

The  whole  number  of  arrests  made  by  the  depart- 
ment in  1869  was  38,794,  the  greater  portion  being 
for  drunkenness  and  disorderly  conduct ;  those  for 
the  higher  grades  of  crime  were  comparatively  few. 
Mayor  Fox  recommended  to  Councils  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  mounted  police  for  some  of  the  rural  dis- 
tricts. He  also  recommended  the  purchase  of  a 
steam  police  tug  for  use  by  the  harbor  police. 
"  The  importance  of  both  the  Schuylkill  and  Dela- 
ware harbor  police  increases,"  he  said, 

"  and  in  view  of  the  immense  amount  of  valuable  property  lo- 
cated on  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Delaware  River  front, 
and  the  necessity  for  increased  facilities  to  enable  that  branch 
of  the  police  to  successfully  prosecute  its  duties,  I  recommend 
the  purchase  of  a  steam  police  tug,  to  supply  the  place  of  row 
boats.  It  is  impossible  to  cover  and  guard  the  great  distance  and 
length  of  the  built-up  portions  of  the  city  on  the  Delaware  River 
front  with  but  two  row  boats,  and  there  are  other  reasons  for  sug- 
gesting a  change.  Such  a  police  tug  should,  besides  the  ordi- 
nary propelling  power,  be  furnished  with  a  steam  fire-engine, 
capable  of  throwing  four  heavy  streams  of  water  in  case  of  fire  to 
shipping  or  to  buildings  in  or  near  Delaware  Avenue,  and  should 
have  power,  with  attachments  at  the  side  of  the  hull,  for  pumping 
out  sunken  or  leaky  vessels.  It  should  have  a  secure  apartment 
on  board  for  prisoners,  and  sleeping  and  living  apartments  for  offi- 


I44  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

cers  and  crew ;  it  should  also  carry  two  boats — one  a  cutter  and 
the  other  a  small,  light  skiff,  and  a  full  set  of  life-preservers. 
Especially  in  view  of  the  purchase  of  land  in  the  upper  end  of  the 
Twenty-third  Ward,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  House  of  Correc- 
tion thereon — in  that  connection  alone  such  a  steamer  becomes  an 
absolute  necessity,  and  I  therefore  recommend  the  passage  of  an 
ordinance,  making  an  appropriation  for  the  purpose." 

These  plans  and  recommendations  were  carried 
out  almost  in  their  entirety,  afterwards,  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  police  boat  William  S.  Stokley. 

Of  the  old  station-houses  complained  of  by  Chief 
Mulholland  as  being  unfit  for  use,  in  1869,  only  one, 
the  Fifth  Police  District,  was  replaced  by  a  new 
edifice  in  1870.  The  new  station-house  was  located 
on  the  site  of  the  old  one  at  Fifteenth  and  Brighton 
streets,  and  from  its  handsome  appearance,  instead 
of  being  regarded  as  a  nuisance  to  the  neighbor- 
hood, as  the  old  one  was,  was  looked  upon  as  an 
ornament.  Mayor  Fox  recommended  that  the  rest 
of  the  unsightly  and  dilapidated  buildings  then  used 
as  station-houses  be  removed  and  new  ones  of  like 
suitable  convenience  and  neat  appearance  erected  in 
their  stead,  which  would  conduce  to  the  comfort  and 
convenience  of  the  police  and  such  unfortunates  as 
were  compelled  to  seek  the  kindly  shelter  of  the 
station-house,  and  also  to  the  safe  keeping  of  those 
who  were  under  arrest  to  answer  for  violation  of  law. 

The  number  of  arrests  during  the  year  1870  was 
32,094,  a  decrease  of  6655  as  compared  with  the  pre- 
vious year.  The  number  of  persons  obtaining  shel- 
ter at  the  different  station-houses  for  the  same  year 
was  69,318,  as  against  76,457  the  year  previous. 

In   1871   a  thorough  reorganization  of  the  police 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'45 


department  was  made.  Councils  had  at  last  con- 
cluded to  yield  to  the  requests  of  each  succeeding 
Mayor  that  the  police  force  be  increased. 

They  had  sat  so  long  under  the  teaching  that  the 
force  was  inadequate,  that  the  words  insisting  on  the 
necessity  of  an  increase  fell  upon  their  ears  with  a 
familiar  sound,  but  conveyed  no  meaning.  They 
had  become  like  some  church  goers  who  had  sat 
under  the  ministrations  of  the  same  teacher  for  years, 
until  his  every  word  had  grown  familiar  ta  them, 
but  had  lost  its  power  of  moving.  The  Councilmen 
at  last,  however,  awoke,  shook  themselves  together, 
and  by  ordinance  of  November  24,  1871,  rearranged 
the  several  police  districts  and  increased  the  police 
force.  The  ordinance  provided  that  the  executive 
police  force  of  the  city  should  be  ten  hundred  men, 
to  be  distributed  among  the  respective  police  dis- 
tricts as  the  Mayor  might  from  time  to  time  direct. 

The  office  of  Captain  of  Police  was  created. 
Four  captains  were  to  be  appointed  and  assigned  to 
police  divisions  by  the  Mayor.  It  was  made  the 
duty  of  the  captains  to  see  that  the  station-houses 
and  other  property  of  the  department  of  police 
were  kept  in  order  and  condition,  and  that  discipline 
was  maintained  among,  and  duty  performed  by,  the 
police  force.  They  were  required  to  report  to  the 
Mayor. 

The  number  of  the  Reserve  Corps  was  fixed  at 
not  less  than  fifty  men,  including  a  lieutenant  and 
one  sergeant,  who  should  command  the  corps.  The 
Fifth  Police  District  was  divided  into  two  districts, 
the  new  district  being  called  the  Nineteenth.  The 

Sixth   was  divided,  the   new  one   being   named  the 
10 


146  THE   PHILADELPHIA   POLICE, 

Twentieth  District.  The  Twenty-seventh  Ward 
was  declared  one  police  district,  to  be  known  as  the 
Twenty-first.  The  Twenty-eighth  Ward  became  the 
Twenty-second  Police  District ;  Twenty-ninth  Ward, 
the  Twenty-third  Police  District.  The  boundaries  of 
some  of  the  other  districts  were  changed.  The 
newly  increased  force  was  required  to  be  uniformed 
when  on  duty,  and  any  violation  of  this  rule  was 
made  cause  for  loss  of  pay,  suspension  or  dismissal 
from  the  force,  as  the  Mayor  might  deem  expedient. 
The  offices  of  High  Constable  and  Chief  of  Detec- 
tives were  abolished.  The  Detective  Department 
had  previously,  however,  been  transferred  to  the  ex- 
clusive control  of  the  Chief  of  Police. 

General  St.  Clair  A.  Mulholland,  according  to 
whose  recommendations  these  changes  were  made, 
though  after  the  election  of  a  successor  to  his  chief, 
took  charge  of  the  office  January  i,  1869.  General 
Mulholland  was  born  in  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  in 
1839.  He  came  to  this  country  in  childhood.  On 
the  first  of  September,  1862,  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixteenth 
Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  upon  join- 
ing the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  was  assigned  to  Gen- 
eral Meagher's  Irish  Brigade,  with  which  he  did  gal- 
lant service.  In  the  winter  of  1863  he  was  promoted 
to  colonel.  On  the  first  day  of  the  Battle  of  the 
Wilderness  he  received  what  was  at  first  supposed  to 
be  a  mortal  wound.  He  recovered  from  it,  however, 
and  returned  to  duty,  having  been  rewarded  with  the 
brevet  rank  of  brigadier-general.  At  the  Battle  of 
Hatcher's  Run,  October  27,  1864,  he  assaulted  and 
carried  one  of  the  enemy's  earthworks.  For  his 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


147 


intrepidity  in  this  affair  he  was  breVeted  major-gen- 
eral, and  remained  at  the  post  of  duty-  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  winning  for  himself  the  enviable  reputa- 
tion of  being  among  the  most  reliable  of  officers. 
He  held  the  position  of  Chief  of  Police  for  three 
years.  Since  his  retirement  he  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  art,  and  has  achieved  no  mean  reputation  as 
a  painter.  When  he  became  chief  the  esprit  du 
corps  of  the  force  was  bad,  consequent  upon  the 
change  of  administration  and  the  appointment  of 
new  officers  unfamiliar  with  their  duties.  In  a  short 
time,  however,  he  considerably  raised  the  standard 
of  discipline  among  the  men.  The  city  was  divided 
into  1 8  districts,  and  his  total  force  was  but  712 
officers. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  now  in  charge  of  the  detec- 
tives at  John  Wanamaker's  establishment,  was  Chief 
of  Detectives.  He  was  a  very  able  officer,  and  made 
many  important  arrests. 

"  I  saw  at  once  the  needs  of  the  department,"  said  General 
Mulholland  recently,  "  and  made  many  suggestions  of  changes 
radically  necessary,  few  of  which  were  adopted.  Both  branches 
of  Councils  were  opposed  to  the  administration  politically,  and  I 
am  sorry  to  say,  gave  us  very  little  help.  The  suggestions  that  I 
made  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  force  have  all  been  adopted 
by  later  administrations.  Then,  as  now,  we  had  too  few  men  to 
work  with,  and  the  pay  was  .inadequate.  I  asked  that  four  cap- 
tains be  appointed  to  assist  me,  suggested  mounted  police  for  the 
suburbs,  and  persistently  urged  an  increase  in  the  force.  The 
station-houses  were  in  a  terrible  condition,  being  filthy,  ill-ven- 
tilated, poorly  heated,  and  badly  lighted.  Without  exception, 
they  were  old  buildings,  totally  inadequate  to  the  needs  of  the 
service.  The  cells  were  foul  smelling,  teeming  with  vermin,  and 
not  fit  to  confine  a  dog  in.  I  devoted  considerable  time  and 
thought  to  a  plan  for  an  improved  station-house,  and  one  was 


148  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

erected  during  my  administration,  the  Fifth  District  House,  Fif- 
teenth and  Locust  streets,  in  accordance  with  plans  drawn  up  by 
myself.  It  was  at  the  time  the  only  decent  station-house  in  the 
city. 

"  Aside  from  the  lack  of  support  which  the  police  received  from 
Councils  during  my  administration,  the  officers  had  much  else  to 
contend  with.  The  condition  of  the  criminal  classes  was  very  bad. 
The  war,  with  its  degenerating  influences,  had  just  closed,  and  the 
city  was  full  of  thieves  and  desperadoes  of  all  classes.  The 
volunteer  fire  department  was  responsible  for  the  existence,  in  all 
sections  of  the  city,  of  well  organized  and  very  powerful  gangs  of 
toughs,  who  openly  bade  defiance  to  law  and  order.  The  Schuyl- 
kill  Rangers,  an  organization  composed  of  thieves  by  land  and 
water,  and  murderers  and  desperadoes  of  the  worst  descriptions, 
were  in  the  heyday  of  their  power.  Jimmy  Haggerty,  the  notorious 
leader  of  these  ruffians,  had  long  defied  arrest.  He  was  captured 
by  my  officers  under  the  late  Lieutenant  Crout  several  times.  It 
was  after  one  of  these  arrests  by  the  Reserves  that  Haggerty  made 
his  dramatic  escape  from  the  court-house.  He  was  finally  driven 
from  the  city,  and  went  to  New  York,  where  he  was  killed  by 
Reddy  the  Blacksmith  in  1870.  After  his  death  the  Rangers,  as 
an  organization,  gradually  dropped  to  pieces.  They  were  neither 
worse  than  usual,  nor  committed  more  crimes  during  my  adminis- 
tration. They  had  been  in  existence  for  upwards  of  fifty  years, 
and  no  previous  administration  had  made  any  concerted  effort  to 
break  them  up.  The  abolition  of  the  volunteer  fire  department 
doubtless  had  much  to  do  with  the  extermination  of  the  Schuy^kill 
Rangers,  but  Lieutenant  Flaherty,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  Fifth 
District  at  the  time,  and  Lieutenant  Jacoby  of  the  Schuylkill 
Harbor  Police,  are  entitled  to  much  credit  for  the  unrelenting  and 
persistent  warfare  which  they  waged  against  these  desperadoes, 
the  former  by  land  and  the  latter  by  water. 

"  Early  in  my  administration  of  the  office  a  very  important  rob- 
bery of  a  Saving  Fund  \vas  committed  at  Twelfth  and  Chestnut 
streets.  The  police  were  unjustly  censured  for  dereliction  of 
duty  in  allowing  the  robbery  to  take  place.  It  was  learned  after- 
wards that  it  was  planned  months  before  Mayor  Fox  went  into 
office,  and  that  its  projectors  worked  so  cunningly  and  adroitly 
that  no  unprejudiced  man  could  blame  the  police  for  not  prevent- 
ing its  accomplishment, 


PAS'l    AND  PRESENT. 


149 


"The  different  gangs  which  infested  the  city  at  that  time,  com- 
posed for  the  mosl  part  of  men  who  were  connected  with  the 
fire  department  and  '  run  wid  de  masheen,'  were  the  terror  of 
the  neighborhoods  in  which  they  were  located,  and  the  bane  of 
the  policeman's  life.  The  lot  of  an  officer  on  duty  in  the  haunts 
of  these  gangs  was  by  no  means  a  happy  one.  It  was  from 
these  roughs  that  a  determined  opposition  to  the  paid  fire  de- 
partment came.  They  knew  that  with  the  abolition  of  the  volun- 
teer department  their  prestige  and  power  would  be  gone,  and 
there  were  grave  fears  that  the  last  days  of  the  department  would 
be  marked  with  bloodshed  and  crime.  As  the  time  approached 
for  the  inauguration  of  the  paid  department,  my  lieutenants  were 
instructed  to  take  extra  precautions,  and  they  promptly  quelled 
the  incipient  riots  that  sprang  up.  People  predicted  that  the 
city  would  be  fired  at  a  given  time  in  hundreds  of  places,  and 
that  in  the  consequent  excitement  anarchy  would  rule  supreme. 
During  the  last  hours  of  the  volunteers  there  were  many  alarms 
of  fire,  but  it  is  to  the  credit  of  the  better  element  among  them 
that  these  incipient  conflagrations  were  promptly  extinguished, 
and  the  new  department  went  into  service  without  any  serious 
consequences  resulting  from  the  change." 

Although  a  brave,  efficient  and  hard-working  offi- 
cer, General  Mulholland  refuses  to  take  to  himself 
any  credit  for  the  work  done  by  the  department  of 
which  he  was  chief. 

"  We  had  a  particularly  lawless  element  to  deal  with,"  he  said, 
"  and  my  officers  are  entitled  to  much  credit  for  the  brave  and 
efficient  manner  in  which  they  performed  their  duty.  When  I 
turned  my  office  over  to  my  successor  I  was  confident  that  crime 
was  less  rampant,  and  that  the  morale  of  the  city  was  in  a  much 
higher  condition  than  when  I  became  chief.'' 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  VII. 

"MARTINET"  STOKLEY'S  TIME. 

(1872-1881.) 

THE  NEW  MAYOR  S  ELECTION.  A  PROMOTION. — HIS 
COURSE  IN  COUNCILS.— IMMEDIATE  REFORM  AND 
STRICT  DISCIPLINE  IN  THE  FORCE. — FURTHER  NU- 
MERICAL INCREASE. — THE  CENTENNIAL  POLICE  AND 
CENSUS. — HOUSE-TO-HOUSE  SEARCH  FOR  CHARLIE 
ROSS. — LODGING  FOR  THE  INDIGENT  IN  STATION- 
HOUSES. — RAILROAD  RIOTS  OF  1877.— DEATH  OF 
CHIEF  JONES.— CAPTAIN  GIVIN  HIS  SUCCESSOR. 

ALTHOUGH  Mayor  Fox's  successor  was  diametri- 
cally opposed  to  him  in  politics,  and  although  the 
principle  of  civil  service  reform,  then  making  some 
slight  head  at  the  national  capital,  was  as  unre- 
vealed  to  Philadelphia  politics  as  a  knowledge  of  the 
details  of  theosophy,  the  inauguration  of  William  S. 
Stokley,  on.  January  i,  1872,  was  as  well-earned  a 
promotion  as  army  records  could  produce.  The  new 
Mayor,  who  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  25,  1823, 
won  his  way  by  honorable  service  in  Councils  to  the 
presidency,  in  1868,  of  the  select  branch.  It  was 
while  filling  this  position  that  he  made  his  fearless 
speech  for  the  abolition  of  the  volunteer  fire  depart- 
ment, which  measure  was  passed  and  enforced  as  has 
been  seen  during  Mayor  Fox's  administration.  The 
newspapers  of  that  day  had  entered  upon  a  crusade 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  IS! 

looking  towards  reform,  but  so  great  was  the  politi- 
cal power  wielded  by  the  volunteer  department, 
that  not  a  single  politician  or  party  leader  dared 
raise  a  voice  against  it.  President  Stokley  had  been 
an  active  fireman,  had  been  connected  with  the  old 
Franklin  Hose,  afterwards  the  Harmony  Steam  Fire 
Engine  Co.,  for  16  years,  and  had  for  several  of 
these  acted  as  its  treasurer.  The  organization  was 
strongly  Republican,  and  its  members  therefore 
looked  to  the  Republican  members  of  Councils  for 
protection,  and  especially  to  the  President  of  Select 
Chamber. 

The  newspapers  kept  hammering  away  at  the 
rowdyism  of  the  volunteers ;  the  citizens  became 
earnest  in  the  appeals  for  reform ;  the  volunteers 
felt  secure  in  their  political  power.  Upon  a  certain 
Thursday  it  became  noised  about  that  something 
was  to  be  done,  and,  as  a  result,  the  galleries  of  both 
chambers  were  crowded  with  "roughs"  and  "  red- 
shirted  heroes."  The  proposed  change  was  offered, 
and  a  number  of  members  had  made  buncombe 
speeches  in  favor  of  the  continuance  of  rowdyism 
and  riot,  when  the  President  relinquished  his  chair 
and  descended  to  the  Chamber  floor.  Turning  and 
fairly  facing  the  gallery,  he,  in  a  clear  and  distinct 
voice,  advocated  the  abolishment  of  the  volunteer 
fire  department.  His  remarks  were  at  first  met 
with  cat-calls  and  hisses,  yet  he  never  wavered,  but 
raising  his  voice,  so  that  none  could  mistake  him, 
declared  that  if  he  was  interrupted  he  ivould  clear 
tJic  gallery  at  once.  He  was  allowed  to  continue  his 
speech,  and  from  that  day  forward  never  ceased  in 
his  endeavors  to  establish  a  paid  fire  department. 


IS2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Mr.  Stokley,  who  was  a  confectioner  by  trade,  first 
went  to  Common  Council  from  the  Ninth  Ward  in 
1860,  and  was  president  of  that  branch  from  1865  to 
J86/.  When  he  went  into  the  office  of  Mayor  the 
police  force  consisted  of  600  officers  and  men. 

Immediately  after  his  election,  Mayor  Stokley  be- 
gan to  pave  the  way  for  his  contemplated  reform  of 
the    force.      He    drafted    and    had    introduced    into 
Councils  an  ordinance  which   made  many  changes. 
It  increased  the   number  of   men  to  one   thousand, 
exclusive    of    captains,    lieutenants    and    sergeants, 
abolished  the  office  of  high  constable,   substituting 
therefor   that  of  captain  of  police,  and   divided  the 
city  into  four   police    divisions.      Each  of   these  di- 
visions was  to  be  under  the  charge  of  a  captain  who 
could  be  transferred  from  post  to  post  at  the  option 
of  the  Mayor.      It  was  their  duty  to  keep  a  supervi- 
sory eye  over  the  districts  in  their  divisions,  see  that 
proper    discipline    was    maintained,    and    that    the 
station-houses  were  kept  in  repair,  and  especially  to 
direct   the    enforcement   of   all   city   ordinances.     A 
rigid    discipline    was    to   be   maintained   among  the 
force,  and  officers   were  required   to  appear  in  full 
uniform  when  on  duty  under  penalty  of  loss  of  pay, 
suspension  or  dismissal.     This  ordinance  passed  both 
branches  of  Councils,   November  24,  1871.      Mayor 
Stokley,    on    his    inauguration    a    few    weeks    later, 
immediately  began  the  work  of    reform.      He   took 
pattern  from  the  rules  laid  down  for  the  government 
of  the  police  force  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  so 
rigidly  enforced  them  that  he  was  dubbed  "  Martinet 
Stokley."     He  did  not  trust  altogether  to  his  subor- 
dinates,   but    personally    visited    the    station-houses 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  !S3 

from  time  to  time,  and  familiarized  himself  with  the 
wants  of  the  men.  He  heard  their  complaints,  and 
adjusted  their  wrongs.  He  gave  no  notice  of  his 
coming,  and  at  first  frequently  surprised  his  men  in 
the  commission  of  acts  not  altogether  up  to  his 
standard  of  discipline.  Their  excuses  were  met 
with  a  stern  reprimand,  but  woe  to  the  man  who  was 
for  the  second  time  found  derelict. 

Notwithstanding  his  martinetism,  the  Mayor  was 
universally  loved  and  respected  by  his  men.  He 
was  particularly  severe  on  neglect  of  duty  in  cap- 
tains, lieutenants  and  sergeants.  He  required  from 
every  member  of  the  force  a  strict  adherence  to  the 
rules  of  the  department,  and  he  was  particularly 
severe  on  men  who  absented  themselves  from  their 
post  without  permission.  He  never  forgave  a  drunk- 
ard, and  when  once  a  man  was  personally  discharged 
by  him,  no  amount  of  influence  could  induce  him  to 
reinstate  the  delinquent.  Once  when  strolling  up 
Chestnut  Street  he  spied  one  of  his  favorite  lieuten- 
ants in  citizen's  dress,  leisurely  promenading  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  street. 

"  That  man  ought  to  be  at  the  station-house  at- 
tending to  his  duty,"  concluded  the  Mayor,  and  he 
crossed  the  street  and  confronted  the  absentee. 

"Your  star,  sir,"  he  said,  sternly,  and  would  listen 
to  no  explanations  ;  nor  could  the  officer  subsequently, 
on  the  plea  of  unintentional  wrong  and  old  friend- 
ship, succeed  in  getting  reinstated. 

Mr.  Stokley  was  familiar  with  every  beat  in  the 
city,  and  knew  where  every  officer  ought  to  be  at 
any  given  time.  He  frequently  patrolled  the  city 
late  at  night,  and  had  no  mercy  on  an  officer  absent 


I54  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

from  his  post.  He  had  a  wonderful  memory  of  faces, 
and  although  forgetful  of  names,  knew  every  officer 
on  the  force  by  sight.  Once  a  man  who  had  been 
discharged  applied  to  the  Mayor  for  reinstatement. 
He  had  powerful  backing,  and  felt  certain  of  forgive- 
ness. When  he  presented  himself  before  Mr.  Stok- 
ley,  the  latter  surveyed  his  features  keenly. 

"  I  don't  know  your  name,  but  I  remember  your 
face,"  he  said.  '*  I  discharged  you  for  drunkenness. 
Your  application  is  refused,"  and  he  handed  the  ap- 
plicant back  his  papers  and  curtly  dismissed  him. 

When  in  the  spring  of  1874  the  city  began  to  re- 
cover from  the  disastrous  crash  which  was  inaugu- 
rated by  the  failure  of  Jay  Cooke,  and  business  of 
all  sorts  revived,  the  police  force  was  found  inade- 
quate to  the  task  of  properly  patrolling  the  city. 
Mayor  Stokley  called  the  attention  of  Councils  to  the 
needs  of  the  service,  and  on  June  29,  1874,  an  ordi- 
nance was  passed  increasing  the  force  two  hundred 
men.  It  also  gave  the  Mayor  limited  power  to 
create  new  districts  whenever,  in  his  judgment,  the 
growing  wants  of  the  city  demanded  it.  With  its 
many  miles  of  water  front  on  the  Schuylkill  and 
Delaware  rivers,  Philadelphia  had  always  been  a 
rich  field  for  river  pirates.  Mayor  Stokley  saw,  as 
Mayor  Fox  had  seen,  that  this  ancient  boat  patrol 
service  was  inadequate  for  a  city  of  such  commercial 
importance  as  Philadelphia,  and  two  swift-sailing 
steam-launches  were  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
harbor  police.  This  necessitated  a  reorganization  of 
the  river  force.  Formerly  each  company  had  been 
officered  by  a  lieutenant.  The  pilot  and  engineer  of 
the  launch  were  the  next  in  rank,  but  these  were  not 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'55 


exactly  police  officers,  and  could  not  be  depended 
upon  to  take  command  in  case  the  lieutenant  was 
taken  sick,  or  otherwise  incapacitated  from  doing 
duty.  The  attention  of  the  Councils  was  called  to 
this  matter,  and  on  December  31,  1875,  an  ordinance 
was  passed  authorizing  the  Mayor  to  appoint  two 
sergeants  of  police  for  duty  on  the  rivers.  Since 
the  employment  of  the  steam-launches  the  harbor 
patrol  has  attained  a  state  of  proficiency  that  is 
not  surpassed  by  similar  branches  of  the  police  ser- 
vice in  other  cities.  The  river  thieves  have  been 
driven  from  the  city,  and  property  is  as  well  pro- 
tected along  the  wharves  and  on  vessels  in  mid- 
stream as  in  the  centre  of  the  city. 

When  it  was  definitely  settled  that  Philadelphia 
was  to  have  the  great  Centennial  Exhibition,  Mayor 
Stokley  began  to  prepare  for  the  increased  and  ardu- 
ous service  that  would  be  required  of  the  police. 
Three  hundred  extra  officers  were  employed,  who 
were  sworn  in  as  special  reserves.  Colonel  Clay, 
who  was  appointed  Chief  of  the  Centennial  Police 
by  the  Board  of  Finance,  had  a  battalion  of  officers 
numbering  several  hundred.  These  were  also  com- 
missioned special  reserves.  The  force  of  detectives 
immediately  under  the  control  of  the  Mayor  was  aug- 
mented and  strengthened,  and  Captain  William  R. 
Heins  was  vested  with  extraordinary  powers  and 
made  chief  of  the  corps.  The  chiefs  of  detective 
bureaus  all  over  the  country  were  communicated 
with,  and  all  suspected  persons  were  carefully 
watched,  and  a  record  kept  of  their  movements. 
Whenever  a  known  thief  reached  Philadelphia  he 
was  immediately  spotted  and  kept  under  surveillance 


!^6  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

as  long  as  he  remained  in  the  city.  If  one  of  these 
gentry  attempted  to  "work"  he  was  promptly  ar- 
rested, and  by  a  special  arrangement  with  the  district 
attorney  quickly  railroaded  to  prison.  Colonel  Clay 
was  succeeded  as  Chief  of  Centennial  Police  on 
Aug.  i,  1876,  by  Col.  William  A.  Hoyt,  to  whom  is 
due  the  credit  for  the  management  of  the  force  dur- 
ing the  most  crowded  months  of  the  Exhibition. 

A  great  many  petitions  were  presented  for  the 
privilege  of  erecting  frame  buildings  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Centennial  grounds.  The  Mayor  was  bitterly 
opposed  to  these  fire  traps,  and  when  Councils 
passed  a  special  ordinance  opening  Elm  Avenue 
and  allowing  the  erection  of  such  frame  buildings 
thereon  as  the  necessities  of  the  case  required,  he 
approved  the  ordinance  with  the  greatest  reluctance. 
He  detailed  a  corps  of  officers  to  watch  over  the 
hackmen,  and  superintend  the  transportation  of  pas- 
sengers from  ]5oint  to  point  through  the  city.  An 
ordinance  was  passed  regulating  the  rate  of  fare,  and 
in  every  way  affording  the  fullest  protection  to  the 
travelling  public.  The  strictest  adherence  to  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance  was  required,  hackmen 
being  punished  severely  and  deprived  of  their  licenses 
for  the  slightest  infraction. 

On  March  20,  1876,  Councils  passed  an  ordinance 
authorizing  the  Mayor  to  take  a  census  of  the  city 
during  the  Centennial  Exhibition.  This  great  work 
was  done  entirely  by  patrolmen,  and  was  a  complete 
and  accurate  enumeration. 

Mayor  Stokley  was  elected  for  three  consecutive 
terms,  and  was  longer  in  office  than  any  previous 
Mayor, — from  January  i,  1872,  until  April  2,  1881. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  ,^7 

The  improvements  which  he  inaugurated  were  many, 
and  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  police  force.  He 
built  a  number  of  new  station-houses  after  the  most 
improved  models,  increased  in  many  ways  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  service,  caused  his  lieutenants  and  cap- 
tains to  strictly  enforce  the  rules  of  the  department, 
encouraged  the  officers  to  be  self-respecting  and  at- 
tentive to  their  duty,  and  the  fact  that  very  few  im- 
portant robberies  were  committed  in  Philadelphia 
during  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  is  evidence  of 
the  fact  that  the  service  under  his  administration 
was  as  near  perfection  as  could  be  attained.  He 
waged  a  fierce  and  unrelenting  war  against  vice  and 
crime  of  all  sorts,  suppressed  the  low  concert-dives 
which  had  long  been  the  recruiting  station  for  crim- 
inals of  every  grade,  and  inaugurated  such  a  vigor- 
ous campaign  against  the  gamblers  and  policy  deal- 
ers, that  they  were  compelled  to  give  up  business 
and  leave  the  city.  In  particular  he  directed  his 
efforts  toward  the  suppression  of  "  policy  "  gambling. 
Under  his  direction  spies  were  employed  to  ferret 
out  these  illegal  lotteries,  and  furnish  evidence 
against  the  backers  and  writers. 

In  1874  this  country,  and  in  fact  the  whole  civil- 
ized world,  was  convulsed  over  the  bold  and  mysteri- 
ous abduction  from  his  home  in  Germantown  of  the 
boy  Charlie  Ross.  It  was  believed  by  shrewd  detec- 
tives that  he  was  hidden  in  Philadelphia,  and  Mayor 
Stokley,  who  had  -personally  interested  himself  in 
the  case,  ordered  a  house-to-house  search.  Every 
building  in  the  city  was  visited  and  carefully  ex- 
amined by  his  patrolmen.  It  was  Philadelphia  offi- 
cers who,  after  following  in  vain  many  clews,  finally 


Te|8  THE  PHILADKLPHIA   POLICE, 

settled  upon  the  burglars  Mosher  and  Douglass  as 
the  abductors,  and  it  was  through  the  efforts  of  the 
Mayor's  detectives  that  their  accomplices,  Westervelt 
and  his  wife,  were  convicted. 

Prior  to  Mr.  Stokley's  administration,  indigent 
persons  without  homes  who  applied  at  the  station- 
house  for  lodging  were  very  indifferently  sheltered. 
In  every  station-house  that  was  built  under  his  direc- 
tion, a  large  and  comfortable  apartment  was  fitted  up 
for  tramps,  and  he  took  a  personal  interest  in  seeing 
that  they  were  well  cared  for.  Taken  altogether, 
this  administration  was  as  brilliant  and  successful  as 
that  of  any  preceding  Mayor.  During  it  there  were 
two  chiefs  of  police,  Kennard  H.  Jones,  who  died 
in  office,  and  Samuel  I.  Givin,  who  was  chief  from 
the  time  of  Mr.  Jones's  death  until  the  expiration 
of  Mr.  Stokley's  third  term  of  office,  and  also 
through  Mayor  King's  administration. 

On  the  ist  of  May,  1875,  Captain  Heins,  who  was 
in  charge  of  the  detective  department,  was  relieved 
of  that  duty,  and  the  detective  officers  were  placed 
under  the  immediate  directions  of  Chief  of  Police 
Jones.  At  the  same  time  the  four  captains  of 
police  were  assigned  divisions  as  follows  :  Captain 
Charles  W.  Wood  (afterwards  fire  marshal)  to  the 
First  Division,  comprising  that  portion  of  the  city 
lying  south  of  Chestnut  Street,  with  his  headquarters 
at  the  Nineteenth  District  Station-House,  Eighth  and 
Lombard  streets  ;  Captain  George  W.  Curry  to  the 
Second  Division,  comprising  that  portion  of  the  city 
between  Chestnut  and  Poplar  streets,  with  head- 
quarters at  the  Eighth  District  Station-House,  But- 
tonwood  Street  above  Tenth  ;  Captain  William  R. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'59 


Heins  to  the  Third  Division,  comprising  that  por- 
tion of  the  city  north  of  Poplar  and  east  of  Broad 
streets,  with  headquarters  at  Tenth  District  Station- 
House,  Front  and  Master  streets ;  Captain  Louis 
Godbou  to  the  Fourth  Division,  comprising  that 
portion  of  the  city  north  of  Poplar  and  west  of  Broad 
streets,  with  headquarters  at  Twenty-third  District 
Station-House,  Jefferson  Street,  above  Twentieth. 

Under  Mayor  Stokley's  administration  after  this 
change,  the  several  lieutenants  reported  to  the  cap- 
tains of  their  respective  divisions  each  morning  at 
their  headquarters,  instead  of  to  the  Chief  at  the 
Central  Station.  This  change  was  thought  advisable 
by  Chief  Jones,  as  the  lieutenants  were  thus  kept 
from  their  districts  a  much  shorter  time  than  under 
the  old  system,  and  the  captains  were  enabled  to 
familiarize  themselves  with  what  was  going  on  in 
their  divisions. 

The  month  of  July  in  1877  was  marked  by  the  up- 
rising of  the  laboring  classes,  resulting  in  the  injury 
to  property  and  taking  of  life  in  some  localities. 
This  spirit  of  insubordination  and  disorder  mani- 
fested itself  among  the  employes  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad  Company  in  the  stoppage  of  freight 
trains,  and  the  almost  total  blockade  of  travel  on  the 
road.  Crowds  of  idle  and  disorderly  men  assembled 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  depots  and  shops  of  the  rail- 
road company  in  West  Philadelphia.  At  the  first 
indication  of  danger  a  large  force  of  officers  was 
massed  in  the  depot,  when,  under  the  personal 
supervision  of  Mayor  Stokley,  the  men  were  dis- 
tributed so  as  to  be  best  available  in  case  of  trouble, 
and  as  the  crowd,  encouraged  by  the  success  of  the 


160  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

rioters  in  Pittsburgh,  became  more  threatening,  the 
whole  force  of  the  department  was  concentrated  in 
and  about  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  grounds  and 
their  places  on  their  regular  beats  were  supplied  by 
special  officers,  sworn  in  for  service  during  the  emer- 
gency. The  officers  behaved  with  great  coolness 
and  bravery,  and  in  several  encounters  with  the 
mob,  used  their  clubs  with  such  telling  effect  as  to 
drive  them  back  and  disperse  them  without  the  use 
of  fire-arms,  thus  preventing  loss  of  life.  During  the 
time  they  were  thus  on  duty,  the  officers  had  no 
chance  of  going  home  or  being  relieved.  They  were 
provided  meals  by  the  Railroad  Company.  For 
two  weeks  the  Mayor  did  not  change  his  clothing. 

The  firmness  displayed  at  the  outset,  and  the  vigi- 
lance with  which  every  point  was  guarded,  prevented 
any  destruction  of  property,  and  saved  shedding  of 
blood,  and  the  city  spared  the  horrors  of  mob  rule 
and  mob  violence. 

On  the  loth  of  May,  1879,  Chief  of  Police  Ken- 
nard  H.  Jones  was  granted  leave  of  absence  by 
Mayor  Stokley,  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  never 
recovered  sufficiently  to  resume  his  duties,  but  died 
on  the  6th  day  of  July,  that  year. 

Chief  of  Police  Jones  was  a  faithful  and  efficient 
officer,  implicitly  obedient  to  orders  himself,  and 
exacting  the  same  from  others.  His  long  experi- 
ence had  familiarized  him  with  all  the  details  of  the 
department.  His  death  was  deeply  regretted  by  all 
his  associates  and  by  the  men  under  his  command. 

Captain  Samuel  I.  Givin,  of  the  Second  Police 
Division,  was  detailed  by  Mayor  Stokley  to  assume 
temporary  charge  of  the  department  during  the  ab- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  ,5, 

sence  of  Chief  Jones.  After  his  death,  Captain 
Givin  was,  on  the  4th  of  August,  1879,  appointed 
Chief  of  Police.  Mayor  Stokley  upon  leaving  office 
thus  spoke  of  the  police  force : 

"  In  the  several  emergencies  arising  during  the  nine  years  of  the 
present  administration,  the  police  department  has  proven  its  effi- 
ciency ;  the  prompt  suppression  of  the  riotous  tendency  manifested 
during  the  labor  excitement,  the  preservation  of  the  peace,  and 
the  safety  guaranteed  to  visitors  who  thronged  the  city  during  the 
continuance  of  the  exposition,  have  elicited  praise  from  all  the 
world." 

Kennard  H.  Jones,  the  Chief  of  Police  during 
seven  years  of  Mayor  Stokley's  administration,  was 
born  at  No.  1028  Ogden  Street,  Philadelphia,  on 
March  4,  1840,  and  died  at  Delanco,  New  Jersey, 
where  he  had  gone  to  recuperate  his  health,  on 
July  6,  18/9.  In  early  life  Mr.  Jones  was  a  brick- 
layer by  trade.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted 
and  served  under  General  Lyle.  By  the  latter's  in- 
fluence he  was  transferred  to  Washington,  where  he 
had  charge  of  the  horses  used  in  the  cavalry  service. 

Early  in  life  Mr.  Jones  had  identified  himself  with 
the  Republican  party  and  had  become  an  influential 
ward  politician.  As  a  reward  for  his  services  he 
was  appointed  as  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Henry,  and 
was  continued  on  the  force  as  a  reserve  by  Mayor 
McMichael.  After  Mayor  Fox's  inauguration  he  re- 
signed, and  became  constable  of  the  Fourteenth 
Ward.  He  was  in  that  office  when  Mayor  Stokley 
was  elected  for  his  first  term  in  1871.  There  were 
three  candidates  for  the  position  of  Chief  of  Police, 
and  Kennard  Jones  was  appointed  over  the  heads  of 
the  others.  He  held  that  office  until  he  died.  He 


162  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

went  to  work,  after  his  appointment  to  hunt  up  the 
dangerous  gangs  of  gamblers,  thieves  and  burglars, 
who  used  to  make  Chestnut  from  Ninth  to  Eleventh 
their  stamping  ground.  The  "  Gut  Gang,"  an  or- 
ganization that  made  pedestrianism  unsafe  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Schuylkill  River  wharves,  was 
broken  up  by  him,  and  by  his  vigorous  course  of 
police  discipline  and  stern  determination,  he  drove 
out  of  town  a  number  of  bank  burglars  who  had 
made  Philadelphia  the  scene  of  numerous  success- 
ful operations  in  the  preceding  years.  Chief  Jones 
was  a  strict  disciplinarian,  and  the  morale  of  the 
force  was  well  maintained  during  his  term  of  office, 
in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  politics  regulated  the  ap- 
pointments, During  the  labor  riots  of  1877,  n^s 
conduct  was  remarkable  for  firmness  and  sagacity, 
and  the  mob  gave  a  certain  amount  of  respect  to  his 
orders  and  was  held  in  check,  while  other  cities  were 
scenes  of  riot  and  bloodshed.  On  his  accession  to 
office  he  took  charge  of  the  detective  department 
and  conducted  it  in  his  own  thorough  manner. 
He  paid  the  most  assiduous  attention  to  the  duties 
of  his  post,  and  his  devotion  to  duty  eventually 
caused  his  death,  which  resulted  from  brain  trouble, 
brought  on  by  overwork. 

Chief  Jones  was  in  office  during  the  Centennial  cel- 
ebration, and  the  manner  in  which  he  regulated  the 
policing  of  the  city  at  that  time,  when  the  most 
noted  criminals  of  the  country  nocked  here  from  all 
parts,  was  remarkable  for  completeness  of  arrange- 
ments. The  great  number  of  processions  during  the 
year,  both  civic  and  military,  rendered  it  necessary 
to  have  a  large  number  of  officers  stationed  on  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  x63 

streets  over  which  they  passed.  On  every  such  oc- 
casion Chief  Jones  ordered  that  the  whole  route  be 
roped  off  by  officers,  and  the  intersections  of  the 
streets  kept  clear  for  the  passage  of  vehicles  and 
pedestrians  through  the  parade.  One  of  the  officers 
died  from  the  effects  of  the  terrible  heat  and  over- 
exertion  on  July  4,  1876,  and  another  lost  his  reason 
from  the  same  cause  and  attempted  his  life.  In  his 
report  of  that  year  Chief  Jones  said  of  the  men : 

"They  undoubtedly  deserve  credit  for  the  alacrity  with  which 
they  have  responded  to  the  various  duties  assigned  them,  and  the 
uniform  courtesy  of  their  behavior  towards  strangers  and  others  ap- 
plying to  them  for  information  and  assistance,  and  their  vigilance 
in  detecting  crime  and  apprehending  offenders,  and  it  can  ever  be 
considered  a  merited  recommendation  to  have  been  a  member  of 
the  police  department  of  Philadelphia,  and  having  faithfully  served 
during  the  trying  scenes  of  the  centennial  year." 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER   VIII. 

THE  POLICE  FREE  FROM  POLITICS. 
(1881-1884.) 

THE  NEW  MAYOR'S  PLEDGES  AND  PRINCIPLES. — THE 
FIRE-CRACKER  AND  CONCEALED-WEAPON  NUISANCES 
ABATED. — CONFIDENCE  OF  REPUBLICAN  COUNCILMEN 
IN  THE  ADMINISTRATION. — A  MODEL  STATION-HOUSE 
BUILT  AND  THE  GAMEWELL  ALARM  SYSTEM  INTRO- 
DUCED.— JAILING  OF  POOL-ROOM  PROPRIETORS.— 
THE  SULLIVAN-CLEARY  FIGHT  PREVENTED. — APPOINT- 
MENT OF  COLORED  POLICEMEN. — DR.  WHITE'S  LEC- 
TURES ON  "  FIRST  AID  TO  THE  WOUNDED,"  AND  THE 
REWARD  MEDAL. — LIFE  OF  MAYOR  KING.— EXTRAOR- 
DINARY SERVICES  OF  CHIEF  GIVIN  DURING  THE 
LABOR  RIOTS. 

THE  independent  element  in  the  Republican  party 
in  the  city  began  to  assert  itself  as  early  as  the  con- 
clusion of  Mayor  Stokley's  first  term.  It  joined  with 
the  Democracy  on  behalf  of  A.  K.  McClure's  candi- 
dacy in  1874,  and  although  Mr.  Stokley's  margin 
was  liberal,  the  fight  was  a  hot  one.  Another  and 
still  hotter  one  was  made  by  the  same  fusion  for 
Joseph  L.  Caven  in  1877,  an^  m  J88i  the  same  tac- 
tics were  successful  under  the  leadership  of  Samuel 
G.  King.  This  gentleman  became  the  seventh 
Mayor  of  consolidated  Philadelphia,  on  April  4  of 
the  year  mentioned.  He  was  elected  under  the  con- 
stitution of  1873,  on  the  third  Tuesday  of  February. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  ^5 

Prior  to  that  time,  the  mayoralty  elections  were  held 
on  the  third  Tuesday  in  October. 

He  was  first  nominated  by  the  Democratic  con- 
vention held  at  National  Guards  Hall.  Upon  being 
notified  of  this  action,  Mr.  King  sent  a  letter  to  the 
convention  stating  that  he  would  accept  the  nomina- 
tion only  on  one  condition,  and  that  was  that  John 
Hunter  should  receive  the  nomination  for  the  office 
of  receiver  of  taxes. 

The  Democratic  Convention  to  nominate  a  candi- 
date for  the  latter  office  was  then  in  session,  and  had 
nominated  William  McGrath  for  the  place.  Upon 
learning  of  Mr.  King's  nomination  by  the  Mayor's 
Convention,  and  his  decision  in  regard  to  it,  a  reac- 
tion was  produced  in  the  Receiver  of  Taxes  Conven- 
tion in  favor  of  Mr.  Hunter,  and  many  of  the  mem- 
bers withdrew  and  declared  their  intention  to  sup- 
port no  other  than  the  conditional  ticket.  Within  a 
few  days  Mr.  McGrath  sent  his  resignation  as  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  receiver  of  taxes  to  the 
Democratic  Executive  Committee.  The  Committee 
then  endorsed  Mr.  Hunter,  and  he  and  Mr.  King 
became  the  candidates  of  the  Democracy. 

At  that  time  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred  was 
holding  meetings  to  determine  whom  they  should 
endorse  for  the  different  city  officers.  Influenced  by 
Mr.  King's  course,  and  his  independence  in  the 
matter,  they  resolved  almost  unanimously  to  support 
him  for  Mayor.  He  was  not  unknown  to  the  people 
of  Philadelphia.  He  had  served  nearly  twenty  years 
continuously  in  the  select  branch  of  City  Councils. 
A  committee  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred 


166  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

waited  upon  Mr.  King,  and  became  satisfied  that  he 
would  administer  the  office  of  Mayor  without  regard 
to  politics.  All  the  pledges  that  Mr.  King  made  to 
the  people,  his  party  and  the  Committee  of  One 
Hundred  before  election  he  scrupulously  endeavored 
to  carry  out  during  his  administration.  He  held  his 
police  entirely  independent  of  politics,  and  allowed 
them  to  take  no  active  part  in  elections. 

"  Not  that  their  rights  as  individual  citizens,"  said 
Mr.  King  recently, 

"  were  in  any  way  interfered  with,  but  they  were  forbidden  taking 
any  active  part.  There  were  no  assessments  upon  the  police,  for 
political  or  any  other  purpose.  There  was  not  one  cent  of  assess- 
ment ever  made  in  the  office  during  the  three  years  I  was  Mayor, 
directly  or  indirectly,  or  by  any  implication.  I  made  it  a  rule  that 
I  would  not  have  an  officer  in  my  department  who  would  submit 
to  any  such  extortion,  as  I  recognized  that  the  money  which  the 
city  paid  for  their  services  belonged  to  them  for  services  per- 
formed and  for  the  maintenance  of  their  families." 

In  his  inaugural  address  Mayor  King  said  : 

"  It  will  be  my  duty  to  free  the  city  from  a  partisan  police.  An 
observation  of  many  years  has  convinced  me  that  a  police  force, 
in  order  to  be  truly  effective,  must  be  entirely  disconnected  from 
politics,  and  that  its  members  should  hold  their  positions  as  long 
as  they  conduct  themselves  honestly,  soberly  and  efficiently.  The 
very  knowledge  that  they  hold  their  positions  on  these  terms  will 
make  them  the  terror  of  every  violator  of  the  law.  By  the  present 
system,  when  votes  are  to  be  secured,  laws  and  ordinances  are  dis- 
regarded, crime  connived  at,  and  known  and  open  violators  of  the 
most  salutary  laws  go  free  and  unpunished.  Under  my  adminis- 
tration the  members  of  the  police  force  will  not  be  permitted  to 
interfere  in  elections,  or  in  the  nominating  conventions  of  either 
party,  and  every  violation  of  this  rule  will  cause  an  immediate  dis- 
charge, and  no  member  of  the  force  so  discharged  will  ever  be 
able  to  regain  his  position.  In  making  this  declaration  it  is  proper 
for  me  to  say,  further,  that  I  am  aware  that  in  some  wards  of  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


167 


city  members  of  the  police  force  have  been  used  by  so-called 
political  leaders  for  their  own  purposes.  Nominally  on  the  force, 
they  have  been  the  political  agents  to  carry  out  the  views  and 
partisan  designs  of  these  leaders.  Every  case  of  this  kind  shall 
be  fairly  investigated,  and  if  vacancies  are  created,  the  places 
will  be  rilled  irrespective  of  party  affiliations." 

In  regard  to  police  assessments  he  said  : 

"  Assessments  on  the  police  force  for  political  purposes  shall 
no  longer  be  tolerated.  Contributions  and  assessments  for  politi- 
cal purposes  have  produced,  and  will  continue  to  produce,  the 
worst  possible  results  to  the  whole  body  politic.  Whilst  nominally 
procured  for  honest  and  legitimate  election  expenses,  they  are 
used  to  corrupt  the  voter  and  purchase  the  election  officer.  If 
corporate  bodies  and  wealthy  citizens  will  continue  to  contribute 
their  money  with  the  knowledge  that  the  money  thus  contributed 
is  used  to  corrupt  our  elections,  it  shall  be  known  that  during  my 
administration  the  police  of  Philadelphia  shall  not  be  made  acces- 
sories to  such  crimes  by  contributions  for  such  nefarious  purposes, 
which  strike  at  the  foundations  of  our  civil  government." 

The  rule  that  no  officer  discharged  from  the  force 
should  be  reinstated,  as,  in  fact,  were  all  the  rules  es- 
tablished by  Mayor  King,  was  carried  out  to  the 
letter  to  the  end  of  his  administration.  The  Mayor 
found  that  by  enforcing  this  determination  he  was 
relieved  of  a  great  deal  of  trouble  and  annoyance, 
which  would  naturally  follow  the  discharge  of  any 
officer,  as  all  men  have  their  friends.  "  As  they  held 
their  continuance  on  the  force  in  their  own  hands, 
the  forfeiture  of  position  was  an  act  of  their  own," 
says  Mr.  King  : 

"  and  they  soon  became  educated  to  the  knowledge  that  such 
would  be  their  fate  as  officers,  and  submitted  gracefully,  as  a  gen- 
eral thing,  to  the  Mayor's  decision.  At  the  beginning  of  my  ad- 
ministration I  summoned  all  of  the  higher  officers  of  the  police 
department,  and  stated  to  them  what  I  expected  in  regard  to  the 


!68  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

performance  of  duty,  and  the  rewards  of  faithful,  efficient  service 
to  the  city.  A  strict  .observance  of  the  laws  of  department  \swuld 
be  enforced  on  my  part,  and  if  these  were  strictly  observed  in  all 
cases  that  no  man  would  be  discharged,  but  when  discharged  for 
cause,  that  ended  his  connection  with  the  city  as  an  officer  under 
me,  definitely.  I  found  that  the  men  were  glad  to  accept  the  con- 
ditions, and  obey  and  carry  out  all  orders  emanating  from  my 
office." 

One  of  the  first  important  orders  issued  by  Mayor 
King  was  one  to  enforce  all  laws  in  relation  to  the 
firing  of  fire-arms,  fire-crackers,  and  the  like  in  the 
streets  of  the  city,  at  any  time  or  on  any  occasion. 
During  his  first  year  in  office  this  order  was  rigidly 
enforced  on  the  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July. 

"  Instead  of  having  from  60  to  80  alarms  of  fire,"  said  Mr.  King 
recently,  "  as  on  the  previous  Fourth  of  July,  on  that  day  there 
was  not  one.  Again,  as  an  evidence  of  the  effect  of  my  order 
by  the  way  of  comparison  with  the  customs  of  the  previous  cele- 
brations of  the  Fourth,  there  were  between  thirty  and  forty  deaths, 
and  almost  half  a  hundred  wounded  and  crippled,  many  of  them 
for  life,  while  under  the  new  order,  doing  away  with  this  dangerous 
vent  for  enthusiastic  patriotism,  there  was  not  a  single  case." 

On  the  morning  following  the  first  Fourth  of  July 
when  this  order  was  enforced,  Mayor  King  received 
a  letter  from  one  of  the  physicians  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  congratulating  him  on  the  wisdom 
of  his  order.  The  letter  stated  that  on  the  previous 
Fourth  the  physicians  at  the  hospital  had  attended 
to  thirty  cases,  and  on  the  later  date  they  had  as- 
sembled as  usual  with  lint  and  instruments  ready  for 
emergencies,  and  waited  all  day,  but  not  a  single 
case  was  brought  in  for  attention. 

The  fires  on  previous  celebrations  had  been  legion, 
but  came  down  from  80  alarms  of  fire  for  previous 


IPASf  AND  PRESENT.  X69 

years,  to  not  one.  The  saving  in  insurance  was 
enormous.  "  It  gives  me  pleasure,"  says  Mr.  King, 
"  to  know  that  the  same  orders  have  been  carried 
out  to  the  present  day." 

Soon  after  Mayor  King's  inauguration  he  learned, 
by  the  sentiment  of  the  press,  that  parents  and 
others  were  much  concerned  about  the  rapid  growth 
of  the  evil  custom  of  carrying  concealed  deadly 
weapons.  He  issued  an  order  to  arrest  all  persons  so 
carrying  them,  under  any  circumstances.  Even  his 
police  were  not  allowed  fire-arms  while  on  day  duty. 
Many  arrests  were  made,  and  a  number  of  fines  ;m- 
posed,— some  as  high  as  $100.  A  number  of  offend- 
ers were  imprisoned.  It  was  not  long  before  the 
police  had  upwards  of  one  hundred  cases  on  hand, 
for  this  offence  alone,  and  the  practice  was  to  a  large 
extent  discontinued,  so  far  as  it  could  come  under 
the  observation  of  the  force.  Many  factory  and 
bank,  men  called  upon  .the  Mayor  to  secure  the 
privilege  of  carrying  a  pistol,  but  they  were  all  told 
that  he  had  not  the  power  to  make  the  laws,  and 
could  only  give  them  assurances  of  protection  when 
they  felt  there  was  danger. 

During  Mayor  King's  administration  the  question 
of  placing  the  fire  department  in  charge  of  the 
Mayor  was  brought  up.  An  ordinance  was  intro- 
duced in  Common  Councils,  and  passed,  but  failed 
for  want  of  action  by  the  select  branch  before  the 
end  of  the  year.  It  was  again  introduced,  and  after 
due  consideration,  again  passed  by  Common  Coun- 
cil. The  ordinance  placed  the  fire  department 
under  the  Mayor  and  gave  him  supreme  control  over 


170  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

it.      It  failed   to   become   a  law,  however,  in   Select 
Council,  not  receiving  the  requisite  number  of  votes. 
"This    action    of    Common    Council,"    said    Mr. 
King, 

"  whose  politics  were  opposite  to  mine,  showing  confidence  in  me, 
and  my  administration,  I  recognized  as  most  flattering  to  me.  It 
gave  me  great  pleasure,  and  was  an  action  I  shall  never  forget. 
Let  me  add  that  the  action  of  Councils  is  not  always  appreciated — 
justice  is  not  always  done  them  by  the  people.  My  experience 
during  my  term  convinced  me  that  their  action  in  general  is 
meant  for  the  people's  good,  and  the  approbation  of  the  people, 
when  they  find  Councilmen  disposed  to  do  their  duty,  should  be 
given  them.  It  is  the  only  compensation  faithful  Councilmen 
receive  for  their  services." 

There  were  two  new  station-houses  built  during 
Mayor  King's  term,  the  Second  Police  District  Sta- 
tion-House and  the  Twenty-third  District.  The 
Second  District  House,  on  Second  Street  above 
Christian,  is  admitted  to  be  the  most  complete  build- 
ing of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  It  stands  on 
the  site  of  the  old  Commissioners'  Hall  of  South- 
wark. 

Councils,  in  Mayor  King's  third  and  last  year, 
made  an  appropriation  to  establish  the  Gamewell 
system  of  police  patrol.  Mayor  King  secured  the 
services  of  Chief  Walker,  of  the  Electrical  Depart- 
ment, Captain  Howell  and  Lieutenant  Markoe,  of 
the  Fourth  District,  and  sent  them  to  Chicago  to 
make  an  investigation  and  report  the  plans  and  meth- 
ods of  the  system  which  was  then  in  use  in  that  city. 
Upon  the  return  of  these  gentlemen,  they  gave  the 
Mayor  a  complete  report  in  writing,  and  he  pro- 
ceeded to  contract  with  the  patrol-wagon  builders 
and  other  persons  to  complete  the  whole  system, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


171 


but  his  term  of  office  expired  before  the  service  was 
established. 

Mayor  King  waged  war  against  the  pool-rooms  in 
the  last  year  of  his  tenure  of  office.  Property  own- 
ers along  Sansom  Street  complained  to  him  that  the 
value  of  their  holdings  and  business  had  been  depre- 
ciated by  the  establishment  of  pool-rooms,  which 
attracted  an  undesirable  class  of  persons  to  the 
vicinity.  The  Mayor  consulted  legal  authority  as  to 
what  extent  he  had  the  power  to  close  these  places, 
and  prosecute  the  proprietors,  who  had  so  long  con- 
ducted the  business  without  being  disturbed  that 
they  had  come  to  regard  it  as  a  kind  of  common-law 
right.  The  Mayor  gave  the  usual  notice  to  them  to 
desist,  which  they  did  for  a  few  days,  but  soon  be- 
gan again.  They  concluded,  under  advice  of  coun- 
sel, to  bid  the  Mayor  defiance.  He  proceeded  at 
once  to  make  arrests,  and  had  bills  of  indictment 
sent  to  the  grand  jury.  The  first  few  bills  were 
ignored  by  that  body,  when  the  Mayor  decided  to 
hold  the  bills  until  another  grand  jury  was  impan- 
elled. When  this  was  done,  more  indictments  were 
sent  in  ;  true  bills  found ;  the  offenders  tried  and 
convicted  and  sent  to  prison.  These  summary  pro- 
ceedings operated  as  a  quietus  to  the  pool-rooms 
during  the  administration. 

The  champion  prize-fighter,  John  L.  Sullivan,  met 
with  his  first  great  disappointment  in  this  city 
through  Mayor  King's  intervention.  A  match  had 
been  arranged  between  Sullivan  and  "  Mike  "  Cleary, 
and  Concordia  Hall,  at  Fifth  and  Callowhill  streets, 
had  been  engaged  for  the  exhibition.  The  affair 
was  extensively  advertised,  and  the  greatest  excite- 


172  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

ment  prevailed  among  the  sporting  kind.  Large 
numbers  of  strangers  from  other  cities  had  come  on 
to  witness  the  "set  to,"  and  tickets,  on  the  day  fixed 
for  the  fight,  were  sold  as  high  as  $10  each.  Mayor 
King  was  convinced  that  the  intended  exhibition 
was  a  violation  of  the  law,  and  he  ordered  Captain 
Allbright  to  take  three  hundred  men,  and  secure 
possession  of  the  hall.  The  captain  applied  to  the 
owners  of  the  building,  got  the  keys  and  placed  his 
three  hundred  blue-coats  inside  the  place  early  in 
the  evening.  The  orders  to  the  department  were, 
that  if  it  took  the  whole  force  the  exhibition  must 
be  prevented.  In  the  evening  the  streets  in  the 
vicinity  of  Concordia  Hall  were  thronged  by  a  mul- 
titude waiting  to  gain  admission,  or  to  catch  a 
glimpse  of  the  pugilists  as  they  entered.  Sullivan, 
Cleary,  and  their  party  soon  came,  and  demanded 
admission,  but  were  informed  by  Captain  Allbright 
that  the  building  was  already  engaged  by  the  city, 
and  its  officers  were  then  in  possession.  After  some 
parley,  finding  that  all  their  efforts  to  carry  out  the 
programme  were  futile,  they  reluctantly  retired. 

"Mike"  Cleary  afterwards  brought  suit  against 
Mayor  King  and  Captain  Allbright,  laying  his 
damages  at  $4000.  When,  however,  the  plaintiff 
was  ruled  to  file  a  bill  of  particulars  he  defaulted, 
and  the  case  was  dismissed. 

Mr.  King  was  the  first  Mayor  to  appoint  colored 
men  on  the  police  force  of  Philadelphia.  In  regard 
to  these  appointments  Mr.  King  said  : 

"  It  was  not  done  without  mature  consideration.  As  I  did  not 
believe  in  classes  of  citizens,  I  held  and  hold  that  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States  and  of  the  commonwealth  make  the  citizen, — 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


173 


not  the  personal  man.  I  determined  to  recognize  the  right  of 
citizenship  of  all  men,  and  proceeded,  when  I  had  an  opportunity, 
to  indulge  my  convictions,  for  with  me  it  is  a  principle.  These 
appointments  were  not  made  by  advice  of  friends.  The  action 
was  my  own.  It  contravened  the  customs  of  both  political 
parties.  I  determined  to  establish  it  if  it  took  the  whole  police 
department  to  do  it.  I  was  highly  gratified  at  the  success,  and  to 
see  how  fast  the  people  were  educated  up  to  it.  I  am  glad  to  see 
that  it  is  now  a  recognized  custom,  and  that  all  those  that  follow 
me  must  do  the  same,  and  acknowledge  the  justice  of  appointing 
colored  men  to  the  force.  This  act  of  mine  gives  me  great  satis- 
faction.'' 

There  were  thirty-five  colored  men,  altogether, 
appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  King.  At  first 
there  was  some  opposition  manifested  against  the 
colored  officers  on  the  streets  in  certain  localities, 
but  the  Mayor  gave  orders  to  Chief  of  Police  Givin 
that  they  should  be  supported  in  the  performance  of 
their  duty,  if  the  entire  balance  of  the  force  were  re- 
quired to  do  it.  A  few  arrests  were  made  of  per- 
sons molesting  the  colored  officers,  and  the  offenders 
bound  over  to  keep  the  peace.  This  feeling,  how- 
ever, soon  passed  away. 

On  the  ist  of  January,  1883,  the  police  force  was 
increased  by  the  addition  of  fifty  men.  The  force 
then  consisted  of  chief  of  police,  salary,  $2450 ; 
fire  marshal,  salary,  $1800;  four  captains,  salaries, 
$1500  each;  eight  detective  officers,  salaries,  $i  130 
each;  twenty-seven  lieutenants,  salaries,  $1092.50; 
fifty-seven  sergeants,  salaries,  $1028.28;  fifty-four 
house  sergeants  (telegraph  operators),  salaries, 
$950;  and  1250  policemen,  paid  $2.38  per  day  while 
on  actual  duty.  Although  the  regular  force  was 
larger  under  Mayor  King  than  ever  before,  still  he 


I74  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

found  it  far  too  small  for  the  great  value  of  prop- 
erty to  be  protected  and  the  extensive  area  to  be 
patrolled.  The  great  want  in  the  rural  districts  was 
a  mounted  police,  which  could  be  effectively  used 
in  any  part  of  the  city  in  cases  of  disorder. 

In  1883,  the  discipline  of  the  police  force  was 
greatly  improved  by  the  inauguration  of  a  course  of 
instruction  by  Professor  J.  William  White,  of  the 
Pennsylvania  University,  who,  at  the  request  of 
Mayor  King,  delivered  a  course  of  four  lectures  to 
the  officers  and  men  of  the  police  force,  treating  of 
wounds,  broken  limbs,  and  accidents,  and  the  best 
and  quickest  methods  of  rendering  relief  in  cases  of 
emergency.  The  Society  for  Organizing  Chanty, 
who  took  great  interest  in  this  step,  had  these  lec- 
tures printed  in  pamphlet  form,  with  engraved  illus- 
trations, at  their  own  expense,  and  a  copy  given  to 
every  man  on  the  force.  The  hand-ambulance,  drill, 
and  service  was  an  outgrowth  of  these  lectures.  In 
nineteen  of  the  police  districts  these  improved  hand- 
ambulances  were  placed  in  use  in  1883.  In  the 
same  year,  "  The  Ladies'  Society  for  Preventing 
Cruelty  to  Animals,"  introduced  the  custom  of  pre- 
senting "  Reward  Medals  "  of  solid  gold  to  such  of 
the  policemen  who  had  rendered  valuable  service  in 
protecting  animals  from  unnecessary  cruelty. 

Mayor  King  was  born  in  a  house  on  Callowhill 
Street  below  Fourth,  on  the  2d  of  May,  1816.  His 
father  was  George  M.  King,  who  had  left  his  na- 
tive town  in  Cumberland  Valley  when  a  young  man 
and  had  come  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  engaged  in 
business  as  a  coppersmith.  His  mother  was  Mary 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'75 


Gougler.  The  misfortune  to  lose  his  father  within  a 
year  after  his  birth  fell  to  the  infant,  and  his  educa- 
tion and  care  fell  to  his  mother,  who  had  also  two 
daughters  to  look  after  and  to  support  by  her  own  ex- 
ertions. She  was  a  woman  capable  of  relying  on  her 
own  resources,  and  she  reared  her  family  success- 
fully. The  first  steps  in  the  future  Mayor's  educa- 
tion were  taken  in  small  private  schools,  and  the  old 
Friends'  school,  which  was  located  at  Green  and 
Dillwyn  streets,  gave  his  education  all  the  finish  it 
ever  received.  After  leaving  school  he  went  to  learn 
the  business  which  he  afterwards  pursued,  that  of 
brush  making.  Industry  and  economy  on  the  part 
of  the  youth  enabled  him  to  lay  aside  a  sufficient 
sum  to  start  in  business  for  himself  as  soon  as  he  ar- 
rived at  the  legal  state  of  manhood,  and  he  started  a 
brush  factory  on  Second  Street,  where  he  remained 
until  his  thirty-fifth  year,  when,  satisfied  with  the 
wealth  he  had  acquired  in  those  few  years  of  busi- 
ness life,  he  retired  to  live  in  comfort  and  to  have 
leisure  to  devote  himself  to  larger  personal  and 
public  interests. 

Mr.  King  was  connected  with  the  Revenue  de- 
partment during  the  administrations  of  presidents 
Pierce  and  Buchanan,  for  a  period  of  six  years.  In 
local  politics  he  had  taken  an  active  interest  even 
before  his  age  entitled  him  to  vote.  The  first  office 
he  held  was  that  of  election  inspector,  which  he  filled 
in  his  twenty-second  year.  He  has  occupied  many 
other  offices  in  the  party,  and  has  represented  his 
constituents  in  the  local  Democratic  committee  and 
in  the  State  Democratic  Central  Committee,  and 


176  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

he  has  been  a  delegate  to  State  and  National  con- 
ventions. In  1860  he  was  chosen  to  represent  the 
Democrats  of  the  Eleventh  Ward  in  Select  Council, 
and  he  held  the  office  until  his  election  as  Mayor,  a 
period  of  nearly  twenty  years,  and  made  a  record 
in  Councils  which  has  never  been  surpassed  by  a 
member  of  either  chamber.  He ,  did  committee 
service  on  every  committee  of  his  branch,  and  he 
was  for  eighteen  years  on  the  finance  and  school 
committees. 

Mayor  King  gets  the  credit  of  being  the  first 
mover  in  a  number  of  ordinances  for  the  public  wel- 
fare, comfort  and  recreation.  He  was  the  first  man 
to  suggest  the  appointment  of  the  Fairmount  Park 
Commission.  It  was  partly  through  him  that  the 
million-dollar  loan  for  the  building  of  school-houses 
was  secured.  He  was  the  original  suggester  of  the 
Centennial  Exhibition,  at  a  time  when  the  idea  was 
ridiculed.  It  was  he  who  in  March,  1879,  introduced 
the  resolution  to  investigate  the  delinquent  tax  offi- 
cer, and  the  report  of  the  investigating  committee 
fully  jusified  his  course.  Such  works  as  these  called 
attention  to  Mr.  King  as  a  fit  reform  candidate  for 
Mayor. 

Colonel  Samuel  Irvin  Givin,  Mayor  King's  Chief 
of  Police,  although  an  American  citizen  by  birth,  was 
born  on  April  18,  1833,  m  County  Antrim,  Ireland, 
where  his  parents  were  temporarily,  adjusting  an 
estate.  When  Samuel  was  two  years  old  his  parents 
returned  to  this  country,  living  at  Ridley,  whence  they 
moved  to  Philadelphia  in  1839.  After  leaving  school, 
young  Givin  was  for  several  years  engaged  as  a  law- 
yer's clerk,  then  as  a  printer,  and  afterwards  he  learned 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


177 


the  trade  of  a  carpenter.  He  was  engaged  in  Wash- 
ington in  1857,  where  he  held  responsible  positions 
on  the  work  of  the  Capitol  extensions.  On  comple- 
tion of  this  service,  he  began  work  at  the  Gosport 
Navy  Yard,  Virginia. 

In  August,  1857,  Mr.  Givin  shipped  as  landsman 
on  the  United  States  steamer  Powhatan,  then  com- 
missioned for  a  cruise  in  the  China  seas.  While  at 
sea  he  rose  to  the  position  of  carpenter' s-mate,  and 
subsequently  was  made  acting  carpenter  of  the  ves- 
sel. His  ship  returned  home  in  1860,  bearing  the 
Japanese  Embassy  which  was  to  conclude  the  treaty 
with  the  United  States.  Having  been  honorably 
discharged  from  the  naval  service  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  where,  resuming  liis  duties,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  1 86 1  at  the  Navy  Yard,  on  the  Keystone 
State  and  the  Rhode  Island,  which  were  fitting  out 
for  the  war.  He  subsequently  was  engaged  in  the 
organization  of  the  Ellsworth  Zouave  Cadets,  in 
Roxborough,  Philadelphia.  While  thus  busied  he 
was  stricken  down  with  his  first  serious  illness,  which 
kept  him  prostrate  for  five  months,  and  when  he  be- 
came convalescent  he  found  that  the  Zouave  Cadets 
had  disbanded  to  join  other  commands  going  to  the 
front.  He  then  joined  Battery  "  G,"  Third  Pennsyl- 
vania Artillery,  from  which  he  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  i52d  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers, being  mustered  in  on  September  26,  1862. 
This  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  Third  Division, 
Seventh  Corps,  Department  of  Virginia.  Within 
a  few  months  the  young  soldier  was  promoted  to 
quartermaster-sergeant. 

It  was  while  holding  this  rank  that  he  participated 


178  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

in  the  engagement  at  Deserted  Farm,  Va.,  January 
30,  1863,  and  at  the  same  place  on  the  i8th  of  the 
following  month ;  at  Blackwater,  March  1 7th  ;  siege 
of  Suffolk,  Va.,  April  i2th  to  May  4th,  and  at  Cars- 
ville,  Va.,  May  I5th  to  i8th,  1863.  In  the  following 
July  the  regiment  was  detailed  for  garrison  duty  at 
Fortress  Monroe,  Va.,  and  while  here  Sergeant 
Givin  was  promoted  commissary-sergeant  of  the 
regiment,  and  also  post-commissary,  having  charge 
of  the  extensive  bakeries  of  the  fortress.  In  March, 
1864,  he  participated  in  the  engagement  at  Port 
Wathal,  Va.,  and  it  was  there  he  won  his  epaulettes, 
being  made  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  C,  i88th 
Regiment,  Penna.  Vols.,  which  had  just  been  organ- 
ized at  Camp  Hamil  on.  On  April  13,  1864,  he  was 
promoted  captain  of  Company  K  of  that  regiment, 
in  which  rank  he  continued  for  over  a  year.  On 
May  i,  1865,  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  regiment,  and  on  November'  ist  of 
the  same  year  was  promoted  colonel.  It  was  while 
holding  this  rank,  his  commission  recording  that  it 
was  conferred  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services, 
that  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Third 
Brigade,  First  Division,  Eighteenth  Corps,  Army  of 
the  James.  Col.  Givin  took  an  active  part  in  every 
battle  in  which  the  Army  of  the  James  participated 
from  its  organization,  and  at  the  battle  of  Drury's 
Bluff,  Va.,  on  May  16,  1864,  he  had  command  of  the 
brigade  picket  lines  and  covered  the  retreat  after  the 
disaster  which  followed  that  engagement.  For  his 
conduct  on  this  occasion  he  was  highly  compli- 
mented by  General  Baldy  Smith.  The  Eighteenth 
Corps  was  after  this  ordered  to  re-enforce  the  Army 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


179 


of  the  Potomac,  and  arrived  in  time  to  participate  in 
the  terrific  battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  On  June  i,  1864, 
while  leading  a  charge  upon  the  Confederate  works, 
he  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  but  a  charge 
made  by  the  Union  Army  half  an  hour  afterward 
enabled  him  and  several  members  of  his  command 
to  escape,  and  under  a  heavy  fire  he  succeeded  in 
gaining  the  Union  lines,  one  of  his  men  being  killed 
by  his  side.  On  the  3d  of  the  same  month,  when  an 
advance  upon  the  Confederate  lines  was  ordered  in 
the  face  of  a  heavy  fire,  Colonel  Givin  received  his 
first  wound  from  the  fragment  of  a  shell  which,  tear- 
ing the  flesh,  injured  the  bone  and  rendered  him  for 
the  time  incapable  of  duty.  On  the  following  morn- 
ing he  was  taken  to  the  field  hospital,  but  contrived 
to  get  back  to  duty  in  a  couple  of  weeks,  -when,  with 
his  arm  in  a  sling,  he  was  in  time  to  participate  in 
the  memorable  engagement  at  Petersburg,  on  the 
1 8th  of  June,  1864.  During  the  eighty  days  fighting 
which  followed  he  was  selected  by  General  Guy  V. 
Henry  (U.  S.  Army),  to  take  temporary  command 
of  the  58th  Pennsylvania  Vols.,  and  at  the  time  of 
the  great  mine  explosion  he  *was  so  far  in  front  as  to 
be  hurled  down  and  almost  buried  alive  by  the 
debris.  After  participating  'in  the  engagement  of 
Bermuda  Hundred,  on  August  2;th  ;  at  the  battle 
of  Chapin's  Farm  or  New  Market  Heights  ;  at  the 
charge  and  capture  of  forts  Harrison  and  Gilmore, 
on  September  2gth  and  3Oth,  being  in  command  of 
the  regiment  on  the  former  and  in  command  of  the 
brigade  on  the  latter  date,  he  was  once  again 
wounded,  this  time  on  the  thigh  and  right  ankle. 
With  indomitable  courage,  however,  he  insisted 


!8o  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

upon  rejoining  his  command  in  time  to  take  part  in 
the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  Va.,  on  October  27th  and 
28th,  when  he  was  selected  by  General  Charles 
Devens  (afterwards  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States)  to  serve  on  his  staff.  He  was  afterwards 
detailed  to  organize  and  command  the  sharpshooters 
of  the  Army  of  the  James,  a  picked  body  of  250 
men,  representing  upwards  of  forty-five  different  regi- 
ments. It  was  while  in  command  of  the  sharp- 
shooters, with  the  Third  Brigade,  Third  Division, 
Twenty-fourth  Corps,  that  Col.  Givin  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  on  December  3, 

1864.  During    March  following   he  participated  in 
the  expedition    to  Fredericksburg,  Va.     When    the 
advance  on  Richmond  was  ordered  he  was  one  of 
the   first   Union   officers    to   enter    the    Confederate 
capital.      He  was  subsequently  detailed  to  command 
the    Rocketts    below    Richmond ;    was   detailed    as 
Chief  of  the  Ambulance  Corps  on  the  staff  of  Gen- 
eral   John  Gibbons  commanding,  and  was  then  or- 
dered to    Lynchburg   for  provost    duty,  in  August, 

1865.  He  afterwards  changed  his  headquarters  to 
Danville,   Va.,   where   he  had    under   his  command 
some  twenty  counties,  known  as  the  sub-military  dis- 
trict of  South-western  Virginia. 

After  leaving  City  Point  with  his  regiment,  Col. 
Givin  returned  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  finally 
mustered  out  of  service  on  December  23,  1865. 
After  engaging  in  business  as  a  carpenter  and 
builder  for  a  number  of  years,  Col.  Givin  was  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant  of  the  First  Police  District  of 
Philadelphia,  on  March  13,  1875.  He  was  promoted 
captain,  and  assigned  to  command  of  the  Second 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  181 

Police  Division  on  October  30,  1878,  and  after  being 
appointed  acting  chief  on  May  5,  1879,  was  finally 
made  Chief  of  Police  on  August  4  of  that  year. 

It  was  while  he  was  acting  as  Lieutenant  of  the 
First  Police  District  that  the  railroad  labor  troubles 
of  1877  occurred.  By  the  prompt  and  decisive  meas- 
ures taken  by  the  police  department  at  the  inception 
of  the  troubles  here,  Philadelphia  escaped  those 
serious  consequences  of  the  disorders  which  some 
other  large  cities  suffered.  There  had  been  murmur- 
ings  of  trouble  for  several  days,  but  no  overt  acts  of 
any  moment  were  committed  until  that  Saturday  in 
July  when  the  oil  tanks  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
tracks  near  the  Almshouse  were  fired  by  the  rail- 
road men  or  their  sympathizers.  An  alarm  was  at 
once  telegraphed  to  the  several  police  stations,  and 
four  hundred  blue-coats  were  marched  out  over  the 
South  Street  bridge  at  double-quick.  When  they 
arrived  on  the  ground  they  formed  in  line,  and  with 
drawn  clubs  dispersed  the  crowd.  Lieutenant  Givin, 
as  commandant  of  the  First  District  officers,  held  the 
right  of  line  of  the  First  Division.  The  officers 
marched  along  the  railroad  tracks  until  they  reached 
the  old  Pennsylvania  Railroad  depot  at  32d  and 
Market  streets.  This  division  formed  in  front  of 
the  depot.  While  the  Third  and  Fourth  divisions 
were  guarding  the  front  of  the  depot  on  Market 
Street,  and  the  Second  Division  the  rear  or  north 
side,  under  the  car  sheds,  the  First  Division  was 
ordered  to  make  a  break  through  the  mob  which  oc- 
cupied the  bluffs  and  high  ground  along  the  track. 
The  First  Division  was  composed  of  the  First,  Second, 
Third,  Fourth,  Fifth,  Seventeenth,  Nineteenth  and 


!82  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Twenty-first  Police  Districts.  Lieutenant  Givin 
and  his  men  on  the  right  of  line,  Lieutenant  Wier  of 
the  Fifth  ;  Lieutenant  Schooley,  Seventeenth  Dis- 
trict; Lieutenant  Brown,  Nineteenth  District;  Lieu- 
tenant Rice,  Third  District  and  Lieutenant  Blankley, 
Twenty-first  District,  with  their  men,  came  in  the 
order  named.  The  division  had  great  difficulty  in 
forcing  its  way  through  the  crowd,  which  filled  the 
railroad  cut  running  parallel  with  32d  Street.  The 
officers  proceeded  slowly  without  any  serious  moles- 
tation or  interference  from  the  members  of  the 
crowd  northward  along  the  tracks,  until  the  direction 
of  the  march  was  changed  at  Powelton  Avenue. 
Here  the  mob  was  dense,  turbulent  and  abusive. 
Missiles  were  thrown  at  the  officers  and  vile  epithets 
hurled  at  them.  The  police  had  marched  up  the 
tracks  in  two  columns  of  fours.  When  they  reached 
Powelton  Avenue  Lieutenant  Givin's  military  train- 
ing and  instinct  enabled  him  to  take  in  the  situation 
at  a  glance.  The  manoeuvres  of  his  men  were  fol- 
lowed by  the  officers  in  command  of  their  respective 
districts.  He  halted  his  force  and  brought  them  to 
a  front,  as  the  mob  had  assumed  a  threatening  atti- 
tude. When  the  rioters  saw  this  halt,  they  renewed 
their  hooting  and  abusive  remarks,  and  began  throw- 
ing stones,  bricks  and  other  missiles  at  the  officers. 
The  men  were  ordered  to  make  no  reply  by  word  or 
act  until  the  proper  command  was  given.  All  being 
in  readiness  the  command  came  to  "charge." 

The  crowd  stood  like  a  solid  wall  in  front  of  them. 
The  officers  drew  their  clubs  and  advanced  on  the 
rioters,  who  at  first  held  their  ground  with  sullen 
persistency  until  the  clubs  began  to  fall,  when  a  hasty 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  ^3 

retreat  followed.  No  weapon  was  used  but  the  club, 
and  the  mob  was  driven  out  of  the  cut  up  to  Thirty- 
second  Street. 

The  policemen  were  then  marched  along  the  high 
bank  by  the  side  of  the  railroad  tracks  to  the  Callow- 
hill  Street  bridge,  when  a  halt  was  made.  The  crowd 
in  the  mean  time  had  gathered  again  on  a  vacant 
lot  at  Thirty-second  Street  and  Powelton  Avenue. 
The  columns  of  police  were  again  brought  to  a 
front,  and  charged  the  crowd,  which  was  soon  driven 
back  into  Thirty-second  Street  and  the  lot  cleared. 
Pickets  were  then  thrown  out  by  the  police,  and  the 
position  held.  All  this  time  the  two  police  boats 
were  plying  along  the  river  from  Arch  Street  to  the 
Callowhill  Street  bridge  to  protect  the  river  front, 
and  render  the  land  forces  such  aid  as  might  be  nec- 
essary. In  the  course  of  a  few  hours  the  crowds 
were  dispersed  without  any  serious  trouble. 

About  twelve  o'clock  midnight  on  Sunday  some  of 
the  rioters  gained  an  entrance  into  the  lower  round- 
house of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  near 
the  Callowhill  Street  bridge,  and  made  an  attack 
upon  an  engineer  and  firemari  who  were  getting  an 
engine  ready  to  go  to  Belmont  to  bring  down  a  coal- 
oil  train.  The  first  knowledge  the  officers  who  were 
still  on  duty  along  the  tracks  had  of  this  was  the  dis- 
charge of  two  pistol-shots.  A  .body  of  police  was 
despatched  to  the  round-house,  but  the  strikers  es- 
caped. At  two  o'clock  Monday  morning  reports 
reached  the  officers  that  this  coal-oil  train  lying  at 
Belmont  was  to  be  fired  and  started  down  the  track 
to  burn  the  depot  and  the  buildings  along  the  route. 
The  engine  was  thereupon  brought  out, — a  strong 


184  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

guard  of  officers  being  detailed  for  its  protection,—- 
and  run  up  to  Belmont,  and  the  oil  train  hauled  down 
to  a  siding  near  the  Almshouse.  Everything  was 
apparently  safe  and  secure,  but  about  nine  o'clock  in 
the  morning  the  strikers  fired  two  of  the  oil  tanks. 
The  First,  Sixteenth  and  Twenty-first  District  offi- 
cers were  immediately  despatched  to  the  scene,  and 
they  went  down  on  a  double-quick.  The  smoke  and 
flames  attracted  a  great  crowd  to  the  conflagration, 
but  the  officers  maintained  good  order  and  saved 
most  of  the  train.  The  incendiary,  one  William 
Clark,  was  arrested  and  sentenced  to  four  years  im- 
prisonment for  his  act. 

The  policemen  were  on  duty  along  the  tracks  in 
West  Philadelphia  day  and  night  for  seven  days. 
The  entire  force  was  called  into  requisition,  and  on 
Monday  following  the  Saturday  of  the  outbreak  the 
lieutenants  of  the  several  districts  were  ordered  to 
select  a  number  of  citizens  equal  to  the  number  of 
patrolmen  in  their  districts  to  act  as  special  police- 
men for  patrol  duty  while  the  regular  force  was  en- 
gaged in  looking  after  the  strikers.  This  was  done, 
and  about  twelve  hundred  new  men  sworn  into  ser- 
vice by  the  magistrates.  They  were  on  duty  by  mid- 
night, guarding  the  city.  The  regular  force  was 
stationed  at  the  depot,  Thirty-second  and  Market 
streets,  where  they  slept,  and  were  cared  for  by  the 
railroad  company. 

Notwithstanding  the  addition  of  one  thousand 
two  hundred  men  to  the  police  force  matters  for 
a  time  looked  rather  desperate,  and  Lieutenant  Givin 
conceived  the  idea  of  calling  out  a  regiment  of  vet- 
erans of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  to  assist 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  ^5 

in  protecting  property  and  maintaining  the  peace. 
At  that  time  Colonel  Givin  was  Department  Com- 
mander of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  he  telegraphed  to  all  the  Post  Com- 
manders in  Philadelphia  to  call  their  posts  together 
as  soon  as  possible,  as  he  desired  to  raise  a  force  of 
one  thousand  men,  and  report  to  him  what  number 
each  post  would  furnish.  This  was  early  on  Tuesday 
morning,  and  by  four  o'clock  of  that  day  the  several 
Post  Commanders  reported  nearly  one  thousand  two 
hundred  men  ready  and  awaiting  orders.  At  five 
o'clock  Colonel  Givin  communicated  to  Mayor  Stok- 
ley  and  Colonel  Thomas  A.  Scott,  President  of  the 
Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Company,  the  fact  that  he  had 
one  thousand  two  hundred  veterans  of  the  late  war 
ready  to  move  at  a  moment's  notice.  This  regiment, 
as  Department  Commander,  Colonel  Givin  tendered 
to  the  Mayor.  Upon  receipt  of  this  information  the 
Committee  of  Public  Safety,  appointed  by  the 
Mayor,  and  who  were  in  session  at  the  depot,  ac- 
cepted the  services  of  the  Grand  Army  men.  This 
action  of  bringing  the  Grand  Army  to  strengthen 
the  hands  of  the  civil  authorities  did  more  to  allay 
the  excitement  and  overawe  those  inclined  to  dis- 
order, or,  in  other  words,  "  break  the  back-bone  "  of 
the  labor  riots,  than  any  other  cause.  Toward  the 
close  of  the  week  troops  of  the  Regular  Army  of  the 
United  States  arrived  on  the  ground,  and  the  police- 
men were  relieved  from  further  service  at  the  depot, 
but  were  detailed  and  performed  duty  for  nearly 
two  weeks  thereafter  in  guarding  railroad  property 
throughout  the  city.  The  regular  troops  guarded 
the  depot  and  tracks  in  West  Philadelphia.  After 


186  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

being  relieved  of  regular  duty  at  the  depot,  Lieuten- 
ant Givin  was  detailed  by  Mayor  Stokley  as  drill-mas- 
ter. He  picked  over  three  hundred  men  from  the 
force  who  had  seen  service  in  the  late  war,  secured 
arms  from  Adjutant-General  Latta,  and  drilled  these 
men  continuously  at  the  City  Armory.  With  what 
knowledge  they  had  gained  while  in  army  service, 
they  soon  became  equal  in  drill  to  any  regular 
troops.  The  police  captains,  lieutenants  and  ser- 
geants were  also  drilled  by  Lieutenant  Givin,  so  that 
they  might  instruct  the  men  in  the  use  of  arms  and 
in  manoeuvres  in  their  respective  divisions  and  dis- 
tricts. In  connection  with  this  a  "  baton-drill  "  was 
introduced,  in  which  all  the  policemen  were  prac- 
tised. Colonel  Givin  prepared  a  manual  for  the 
baton-drill,  which  was  similar  to  a  short-sword  exer- 
cise. These  drills  were  kept  up  until  Colonel  Givin 
severed  his  connection  with  the  police  department, 
and  while  Chief  of  Police  he  gave  them  his  personal 
supervision. 

During  Chief  of  Police  Givin's  tenure  of  office,  he 
and  his  force  handled  the  gigantic  crowds  attending 
the  reception  of  General  Grant  on  his  return  from 
the  tour  around  the  world,  and  the  hosts  of  people 
present  during  the  week  of  the  bi-centennial  celebra- 
tion in  1882.  The  chief  and  his  men  were  sorely 
taxed  both  night  and  day  during  these  events,  but 
good  order  was  maintained,  and,  considering  the 
number  of  professional  criminals  attracted  to  the 
city  during  such  times,  the  town  was  comparatively 
free  from  crime.  In  fact,  during  all  the  time  Colonel 
Givin  was  chief,  the  city  was  remarkably  free  from 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  ^87 

disaster.     There  were  no  serious  riots  or  disorders, 
neither  were  there  any  large  burglaries. 

"  My  great  care,"  said  Colonel  Givin  recently, 
"  was  to  prevent  crime,  and  the  officers  were  so  in- 
structed. I  believe  in  nipping  trouble  in  the  bud, 
and  not  let  it  grow  on  you."  He  always  gave  credit 
to  the  officers  for  meritorious  work  performed  by 
them,  and  did  not  attempt  to  appropriate  it  to  him- 
self or  allow  it  to  be  given  the  officers  superior  in 
rank.  This  kept  alive  the  spirit  in  the  men,  and 
made  them  zealous  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 
He  fully  organized  the  special-officer  system.  The 
lieutenants  of  the  several  districts  were  instructed  to 
allow  the  men  to  work  up  their  cases  on  their  beats, 
and  to  lay  aside  the  uniforms  for  the  time  being  for 
that  purpose.  Colonel  Givin  was  a  strict  discipli- 
narian, and  an  earnest  and  conscientious  official. 
Mayor  Samuel  G.  King  referred  to  him  once  in  these 
words  : 

"  To  Chief  Givin  is  due  the  discipline  of  the  men.  I  don't 
think  he  could  be  improved  upon  in  the  position  he  occupies.  He 
is  a  soldier,  and  understands  the  enforcement  of  rules  which  make 
this  department  the  equal,  if  not  the  superior,  of  any." 

Gol.  Givin  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  a  member 
of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  an  earnest  tem- 
perance worker,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  which  he  assisted  to 
organize.  He  has  held  every  office  of  honor  in  the 
latter  organization  up  to  that  of  Department  Com- 
mander of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  Past 
Master  of  Roxborough  Lodge  135,  A.  Y.  M.  ;  Past 
High-Priest  of  Harmony  Chapter,  H.  R.  A.  M.;  Past 
Eminent  Commander  of  Philadelphia  Commandery 


i88  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

No.  2,  K.  T. ;  Junior  Grand  Warden  of  the  Lodge 
of  Perfection  and  Senior  Grand  Warden  of  Kilwin- 
ning  Chapter  Rose  Croix,  Ancient  Scottish  Rite. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons, 
Grand  Holy  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Grand  Com- 
mandery  Knights  Templars,  and  Grand  Council  of 
Deliberation  Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite.  He 
retired  from  the  office  of  Chief  of  Police  at  the  end 
of  Mayor  King's  administration. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


189 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  FORCE  AS  PERFECTED. 

(1884-1887.) 

MAYOR  SMITH'S  CAREER.— HIS  PLEDGES. — PHYSICAL  EX- 
AMINATIONS.— INCREASE  IN  HEADQUARTERS'  STAFF. 
—SYSTEM  OF  APPOINTMENT. — REPAIR  OF  POLICE 
BOATS  AND  STATION-HOUSES. — DUTIES  OF  THE  POLICE 
SURGEON  AND  SOLICITOR. — THE  ALMSHOUSE-  AND 
KING  FIRES  CAUSE  THE  CREATION  OF  A  LIFE-SAVING 
SERVICE. — TRAMP  LODGINGS  ABOLISHED  AND  STA- 
TION-HOUSE MATRONS  APPOINTED. — REFORM  OF  THE 
VAN  SERVICE. — CHANGE  IN  UNIFORM. 

ONE  of  the  most  exciting  political  contests  that 
ever  agitated  Philadelphia,  culminated  in  the  munici- 
pal election  on  Tuesday,  February  19,  1884.  Mayor 
King  was  re-nominated  by  the  Democrats,  and  re- 
ceived the  endorsement  of  the  Committee  of  One 
Hundred  as  the  reform  candidate.  William  B. 
Smith  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans,  and  a 
hotly  contested  campaign  ensued,  which  resulted  in 
the  election  of  Mr.  Smith  by  a  vote  of  79,552  to 
70,440  for  Mr.  King. 

William  Burns  Smith  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, November  n,  1844.  His  parents  brought  him 
to  Philadelphia  when  they  came  to  America,  when 
William  was  in  his  seventh  year.  After  the  usual 
course  of  study  in  the  public  schools  at  the  age  of 


tgo  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

eleven  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  wood- 
carving  and  has  been  connected  with  that  trade  as  a 
manufacturer  up  to  the  present  time.  By  his  numer- 
ous society,  masonic  and  military  connections  he 
became  well  known  throughout  the  city.  When 
twenty-five  years  of  age  he  connected  himself  with 
the  National  Guard  of  Pennsylvania,  joining  Co.  A. 
First  Regiment,  and  after  fourteen  years  of  service 
rose  to  the  rank  of  major  of  the  Veteran  Corps. 
During  his  connection  with  the  military  he  partici- 
pated, with  his  command,  in  the  riots  at  Susque- 
hanna  Depot  in  1874;  at  Hazelton,  Jeddo  and 
vicinity  in  1875,  and  in  the  memorable  riots  and 
Round  House  experience  in  Pittsburg  in  1877. 
Since  his  eighteenth  year,  Mr.  Smith  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  Caledonian  Club,  and  has  held 
every  office  within  the  gift  of  the  club,  both  local  and 
national.  His  masonic  history  is  also  extensive, 
reaching  through  all  the  grades  to  the  thirty-second 
degree.  His  connection  with  every  Republican  po- 
litical organization  of  note  in  the  city  made  his  name 
a  familiar  one  in  the  mouths  of  political  leaders  in 
local  politics.  More  than  twenty-two  years  ago  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Republican  Invincibles,  and 
he  has  since  that  time  occupied  all  the  higher  offices 
of  that  organization.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Union  League  and  of  the  Young  Republican  Clubs. 
He  has  been  earnest  and  active  through  his  political 
career.  He  was,  in  November,  1881,  elected  with- 
out opposition  to  represent  the  Twenty-eighth  Ward 
in  Select  Council,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  George  A.  Smith.  He  received  the 
unanimous  vote  of  the  Republican  Convention,  and 


WILLIAM  B.  SMITH, 
Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


'93 


the  indorsement  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred, 
which  was,  in  those  days,  the  dictatorial  power  in 
politics.  In  1882  the  Citizens'  Reform  Association 
of  the  Twenty-eighth  Ward  placed  him  in  nomina- 
tion after  he  had  been  defeated  at  the  primaries. 
Again  the  strength  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hun- 
dred was  given  him  by  a  formal  indorsement  of  his 
candidacy,  and  his  name  was  also  placed  on  the 
tickets  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  was  elected  by 
a  plurality  of  over  two  hundred  votes.  Upon  the 
organization  of  Select  Council  Mr.  Smith  was  made 
President  of  the  Chamber  after  a  most  exciting  con- 
test, in  which  twenty-two  ballots  were  taken.  In 
his  career  in  Select  Council  he  was  the  prime  mover 
in  many  of  the  reforms  in  the  various  city  depart- 
ments, and  in  the  Gas  Trust.  While  President  of 
the  body  he  proved  himself  to  be  an  excellent  par- 
liamentarian, calm  and  impartial  in  his  rulings  and 
a  good  disciplinarian.  It  was  these  qualities  which 
attracted  universal  attention  when  a  fit  candidate 
was  wanted  to  bring  the  Republican  party  back  to 
power  in  the  city  government. 

Mr.  Smith  was  inaugurated  Mayor  of  Philadel- 
phia, April  7,  1884.  In  his  inaugural  address,  refer- 
ring to  the  police,  he  said : 

"The  establishment  of  a  police  force  which  will  protect  life 
and  property,  and  secure  the  fearless  execution  of  the  laws,  will 
greatly  rest  upon  the  organization  and  the  discipline  demanded. 
I  shall  devote  to  the  service  the  best  of  my  energies  and  judg- 
ment. The  selection  of  those  appointed  shall  be  dictated  by  a 
desire  to  secure  the  best  men  attainable  for  the  force,  and  no  in- 
fluence shall  prevent  the  dismissal  of  those  who,  by  any  action 
or  negligence,  shall  fail  to  perform  their  whole  duty.  Promotion 
shall  be  the  reward  of  faithful  service,  and  commanding  officers 
13 


194 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


shall  be  required  to  exact  discipline  and  enforce  their  authority,  and 
no  requirement  shall  be  exacted  except  that  of  honesty  and  fidelity. 
I  shall  introduce  such  measures  as  will  aid  in  the  selection  of  a 
force  possessing  the  physical  qualifications  so  indispensable  to  the 
performance  of  duty,  having  already  secured  the  services  of  a 
surgeon,  who  will  examine  those  now  upon  the  force  and  here- 
after to  be  appointed.  The  advisability  of  the  appointment  of  a 
police  surgeon,  and  also  a  solicitor,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  give 
the  force  legal  aid  and  advice,  without  subjecting  the  men  to  the 
payment  of  an  assessment  for  the  purpose,  as  has  been  found  neces- 
sary in  the  past,  is  recommended  to  your  favorable  consideration. 
Such  modification  of  the  present  uniform  as  will  tend  to  increase 
the  pride  and  spirit  of  the  men  in  their  positions  will  secure  most 
earnest  and  positive  action.  It  shall  be  my  endeavor  to  so  direct 
and  control  this  branch  of  the  government  that  no  question  of 
politics  shall  impair  its  efficiency  or  prevent  its  fulfilment  of  public 
confidence." 

Mayor  Smith  named  General  James  Stewart,  Jr., 
his  Chief  of  Police. 

When  the  Mayor  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the 
office  he  found  it  necessary  to  recommend  several 
additions  to  his  staff.  These  were  :  a  private  sec- 
retary ;  an  inspection  clerk,  whose  duty  it  should 
simply  be  to  keep  up  the  details  of  the  department, 
and  an  additional  clerk,  to  be  known  as  the  warrant 
clerk,  who  would  have  charge  °f  the  warrants  in  the 
department.  These  additions  were  granted  by 
Councils.  One  of  the  first  things  which  the  Mayor 
did  on  entering  office  was  to  have  direct  telephone 
communication  between  the  office  and  his  home,  so 
that  he  could  be  communicated  with  night  or  day. 
He  had  a  similar  connection  established  between 
his  place  of  business  and  the  office.  No  fire  or 
other  matter  requiring  his  attention  or  presence  oc- 
curred without  his  being  informed  by  the  officer 


w 
o 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


197 


in  charge.  One  messenger  went  on  duty  at  8  A.M. 
and  left  at  4  P.M.;  another  went  on  duty  at  4  P.M., 
and  was  relieved  at  midnight  by  a  third,  who  was  on 
duty  till  8  A.M. 

There  is  a  wide  difference  between  the  police  gov- 
ernment of  this  city  and  the  other  large  cities  of  the 
country.  Philadelphia  has  no  Police  Commissioners. 
The  Mayor  discharges  the  duties  elsewhere  per- 
formed by  three  or  five  commissioners  in  addition  to 
the  Mayor.  New  York  and  Boston  spend  fully  five 
times  as  much  for  police  supervision  as  Philadelphia. 
The  examinations  of  applicants  for  positions  on  the 
police  force  aggregated  2415  in  December,  1886, 
and  every  one  of  these  applications  passed  through 
the  hands  of  the  Mayor.  The  applications  neces- 
sitate the  use  of  a  set  of  blanks.  The  form  of 
application  for  appointment  on  the  police  force 
adopted  by  Mayor  Smith  is  as  follows : 

APPLICATION. 


To  WILLIAM  B.  SMITH, 

Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 
SIR: 

I  beg  to  make  application  for  appointment  as 

in  the  Police  Department,  and  submit  herewith  the  following  in- 
formation : 

Name  in  full 

Age, years.         Born  in 

Residence, , 

Division, Ward. 

State  whether  married  or  single, 

State  whether  previously  upon  the  Police  Force ,'  and  if  so, 
give  cause  of  removal _ 


1 98 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


State  trade  or  occupation,  with  statement  of  how  and  by  whom 
employed  for  the  past  five  years 

State  whether  you  have  been  in  the  military  or  naval  service, 
and  give  a  memorandum  of  service 


In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  the  applicant  may  submit  recom- 
mendations as  to  character,  ability  and  intelligence.  Recommen- 
dations from  recent  employers  are  especially  desirable. 

This  application  must  be  filled  up  in  the  handwriting  of  the 
applicant,  and  any  misrepresentation  of  facts  will  be  considered 
sufficient  cause  to  RENDER  THE  APPLICATION  NULL  AND  VOID. 

PHILADELPHIA, 188 

To  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 
SIR:— 

The  undersigned  request  the  appointment  of 

to  be on  the  Police  Force  of  the 

City  of  Philadelphia,  and  individually  states  that  he  is  personally 
acquainted  with  the  applicant,  and  is  qualified  to  speak  intel- 
ligently in  relation  to  his  character,  habits,  and  associations,  anu 
believes  that  he  is  a  man  of  good  moral  character,  orderly  in  his 
deportment,  not  in  any  respect  a  violator  of  law ;  not  addicted  to 
the  excessive  use  of  intoxicating  liquor,  or  other  hurtful  excesses. 
That  he  has  not  been  known  (to  the  undersigned)  to  get  intoxi- 
cated ;  or  be  guilty  of,  or  arrested  for  criminal  or  disorderly 
conduct ;  that  he  is  a  man  of  truth,  sound  mind,  good  understand- 
ing; and  in  temper,  habits  and  manners  fit  for  a  Policeman. 

We  are  willing  to  testify  to  the  above  in  person. 


Signature  of  Petitioners. 


Residence. 


Have  known 
Applicant  years. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


NOTICE  TO   PETITIONERS. 


All  appointments  to  the  Force,  and  promotions  ic  the 
same,  must  depend  upon  the  merit  and  ability  of  the  applicant,  and 
petitions  in  their  behalf  must  be  independent  of  political  or  per- 
sonal considerations  or  influence.  It  is  therefore  required  that 
when  a  man  is  appointed  upon  the  Force  he  must  submit  to  the 
Rules,  Regulations  and  Orders  of  the  Department,  and  to  seek  his 
advancement  by  a  thorough  and  faithful  discharge  of  Police  duties. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing-  application,  which,  by 
its  terms,  is  supposed  to  have  been  filled  in  the  hand- 
writing of  the  applicant,  Mayor  Smith,  as  a  safeguard 
against  imposition,  has  provided  still  another  one. 
This  last  application,  if  the  first  bears  on  its  face  the 
evidence  of  being  regular,  the  Mayor  requires  to  be 
filled  by  the  applicant  in  the  office,  so  that  there  can 
be  no  doubt  about  the  legal  qualification  required,  of 
being  able  to  read  and  write  the  English  language 
intelligently.  This  second  application  is  as  follows  : 

PHILADELPHIA, 188 

To  WILLIAM  B.  SMITH,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia  : 

The  undersigned,  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia,  hereby  makes  ap- 
plication for  appointment  as  PATROLMAN  in  the  Police  Force  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  for  proof  of  his  qualifications  for 
the  position  would  respectfully  refer  to  the  following  statement,  and 
the  petition  of  citizens  accompanying  the  same. 

(Signature  of  Applicant.) 

NOTE. — Applicants  are  required  to  fill  the  blanks  below  in  their  own  hand- 
writing, without  any  aid,  assistance  or  suggestions  from  any  other  person. 
This  must  be  done  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk.  Any  false  statement,  evasion,  or 
deception,  in  filling  the  blanks,  will  be  cause  for  the  rejection  of  the  applica- 
tion, and  the  discovery  of  any  such  fact  after  the  appointment  will  be  good 
grounds  for  removal. 

What  is  your  name  ? 

When  and  Where  were  you  born  ?     


200  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

If  not  born   in   the  United   States,  have  you  been   Naturalized; 

when  and  where  ? 

What. is  your  height  ? ft in. 

What  is  your  weight  ? 

Can  you  read  and  write  English  ?         

Have  you  been  arrested  for  any  crime  or  misdemeanor  ? 

Have  you  resided  in  the  State  for  the  past  year  continuously? 

Where  do  you  reside  ? Ward Division. 

Are  you  married  ? What  family  have  you  ? 

What  has  been  your  occupation  for  the  past  five  years  ? 

Have  you  been  in  the  military  service  ?     If  so,  designate 

Were  you  honorably  discharged,  and  when  ? 

Have  you  ever  been  a  policeman  ?     If  so  give  memoranda  of  same, 

Have  you  paid  or  promised  to  pay,  or  given  any  money  or  other 
consideration,  to  any  person,  directly  or  indirectly,  for  any  aid 
or  influence  towards  procuring  your  appointment  ? 


I  CERTIFY  on  honor,  that  the  answers  which   I   have  written 
to  each  of  the  foregoing  questions  are  true. 

(Signature.) 

Should  the  applicant's  request  for  appointment 
receive  favorable  consideration  after  examination  by 
Mayor  Smith,  he  is  ordered  to  report  to  the  police 
surgeon,  Dr.  M.  S.  French,  at  the  Fifth  District 
Station-House,  on  Fifteenth  Street,  above  Locust, 
to  undergo  a  medical  examination.  The  police  sur- 
geon is  furnished  with  a  list  of  persons  who  are  to 
be  examined  by  him,  from  the  Mayor's  office,  and 
ordered  to  report  the  result  of  the  examination  to 
the  Mayor. 

The  medical  examination  is  a  rigid  one,  as  will 
appear  by  the  surgeon's  certificate,  which  follows  : 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  2OI 

PHILADELPHIA   POLICE   FORCE. 
No SURGEON'S   CERTIFICATE 

•-  OF  

/ 

Physical  Examination  of  Applicants  for  Appointment. 


RULE  GOVERNING  EXAMINATIONS.  The  applicant  shall  be  subjected  to 
a  thorough  examination,  taking  for  the  standard  perfect  health  and  superior 
physical  development. 

1.  Name, Age, Nativity, 

2.  Residence, Occupation, 

3.  Height  [see  table  below], Weight  [see  table 

below], _ 

4.  Complexion,  Figure  and  General  appearance, 

5.  Has  the  applicant  sober  habits  ? 

6.  Has  vaccination  been  performed  and  when  ? 

7.  Is  vision  normal  ? Is  hearing  normal  ? 

8.  What  diseases  has  the  applicant  had  ?  

9.  How  long  since  the  last  serious  illness  ? 

10.  Has  the  applicant  had  any  serious  or  incapacitating  injury? 


11.  Has  the  applicant  any  tendency  to  constitutional  disease, 
such  as  phthisis,  rheumatism,  etc.  ? 

12.  Condition  of  surface  of  the  body,  

13.  Has  the  applicant  hernia,   hemorrhoids,  varicose  veins,  or 
fistula? 

14.  Circumference  of  chest  at  forced  expiration, 

On  full  inspiration, 

15.  Pulse, Temperature, 

16.  Condition  of  the  heart  and  character  of  its  action, 

17.  Condition  of  the  lungs  and  character  of  respiration, 

18.  Examination  of  abdomen, 

19.  Examination  of  urine, 


202 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


The  stature  shall  not 

be  below  sfeet  6  inches, 
nor    the    weight   below 
that  marked  as  its  mi- 
nimum accompaniment 

Minimum      circum- 
ference of  chest  corres- 
ponding to  height  : 

in  the  subjoined  table: 

H  •  ,  .            Circ. 

Height           Mfn- 

icigni.       Of  Chest. 

ft.       in.           Ibs. 

ft        in.        inches. 

5        6              132 

56               32 

5        6*            134 

5        6*              32* 

5        7              >36 

57                33 

5        7*             138 

5         7*              33* 

5        8               140 

58                34 

5        9              145 

5        9                34* 

5       I0               150 

5         10             35 

5       ii               155 

5         »              35* 

6      —               160 

6        —             36 

6        i              165 

6          i             36* 

6        2              170 

62             37 

£        3              175 

6          3              37* 

6        4              180 

64              38 

6        5              185 

6          5              38* 

REMARKS. 


should  be  a  difference  of  at  least  two 
inches  at  forced  expiration  and  on  full  inspiration. 

I  HEREBY  CERTI FY  That. 

has  this  day  been  carefully  examined  by  me  in  accordance  with  the 

rule  governing  examinations,  and  that  in  my  opinion  he  has 

fulfilled  the  above  requirements. 

M.D., 

POLICE  SURGEON. 

Philadelphia 188 

If  the  applicant  pass  through  successfully  up  to  this 
point,  and  has  made  out  a  good  prima  facie  case  for 
the  desired  appointment  by  the  Mayor,  his  Honor 
then  addresses  a  communication  to  Chief  of  Police 
Stewart,  who  in  turn  sends  it  to  the  lieutenant  of 
the  police  district  in  which  the  would-be  wielder-of- 
the-baton  resides.  The  blanks  prepared  for  this 
purpose  are  as  follows  : 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  203 

MAYOR'S  OFFICE. 

No 

PHILADELPHIA, 188 

JAMES  STEWART,  JR., 

Chief  of  Police, 
Sir  : 

I  desire  you  to  make  confidential  Inquiry  as  to  the  Character, 
Habits,  Associates  and  Reputation  of. 

who  resides  at. 

Report  to  me  in  writing,  without  delay,  all  the  information  ob- 
tained. 

Yours, 

WILLIAM  B.  SMITH, 

Mayor. 


Clerk. 

N.  B. — Prompt  and  careful  attention  to  this  is  requested,  and 
a  report  on  the  back  of  this  paper,  within  three  days  if  practicable. 

No 

DEPARTMENT   OF   POLICE. 


PHILADELPHIA, mo 188 

Lieutenant 

District. 

This  Communication  is  referred  to  you  for  a  careful  and  con- 
fidential inquiry.  Make  your  report  at  earliest  practicable  mo- 
ment on  this  blank,  and  return  it,  sealed,  to 

JAMES  STEWART,  JR., 

Chief  of  Police. 

No REPORT. 

JAMES  STEWART,  JR.,  Chief  of  Police, 
Sir: 


.,  Lieutenant, 
..  District. 


204  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

There  is  an  additional  advantage  to  the  Mayor 
from  the  use  of  this  confidential  blank,  for  the  lieu- 
tenant who  certifies  to  the  good  character  of  an  ap- 
plicant cannot  subsequently  complain,  with  any  de- 
gree of  consistency,  that  the  man,  who  is  generally 
assigned  to  the  particular  district  whence  such  cer- 
tificate comes,  turns  out  badly. 

The  immediate  staff  of  the  Mayor,  appointed  by 
himself,  is  as  follows : 

Chief  Clerk — Ezra  Lukens. 

Assistant  Clerk — Jno.  W.  Frazier. 

Secretary — Jno.  G.  Schall. 

Inspection  Clerk — Wm.  F.  Fell. 

Warrant  Clerk — Ben.  F.  Mecutchen. 

Messenger — Thos.  H.  Leabourn. 

Stenographer  and  Type-Writer — Robert  B.  Smith. 

The  police  force  consists  of  one  chief,  four  cap- 
tains, a  chief  and  eight  detectives,  twenty-eight  lieu- 
tenants, sixty-one  sergeants,  sixty-three  house  ser- 
geants (telegraph  operators),  ten  patrol  sergeants, 
ten  patrol  drivers,  ten  patrol  officers,  four  pilots, 
four  engineers,  four  firemen,  five  van  drivers,  and 
1250  patrolmen.  The  Chief  of  Police  is  General 
James  Stewart,  Jr.,  and  he  has  the  following  staff : 

Clerk  to  Chief — Joseph  W.  Thompson. 

Police  Clerk — Jno.  B.  Moffitt.  (Central  Station.) 

Fire  Marshal — Jno.  W.  Emery. 

Police  Surgeon — M.  S.  French,  M.D. 

The  Captains  of  Police  are :  First  Division, 
Thomas  Brown  ;  Second  Division,  Charles  B.  Ed- 
gar ;  Third  Division,  Harry  M.  Quirk;  Fourth  Di- 
vision, Jacob  Allbright.  The  salaries  of  lieutenants 
are,  $1,092.50;  sergeants,  $1,028.28;  house  ser- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


205 


geants,  $950;  policemen,  $2.38  per  day  when  on 
actual  duty.  The  veterinary  surgeon  to  the  de- 
partment is  Alexander  Glass,  No  2006  Bainbridge 
Street.  The  superintendent  of  stock,  vans,  etc.,  is 
Joseph  Malatesta,  who  is  also  captain  of  the  police 
patrol  service. 

The  detective  department  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing : 

Chief — Francis  R.  Kelly. 

Detective  officers — James  Donaghy,  Peter  Miller, 
William  Hulfish,  Kerlin  Bond,  Thomas  Crawford, 
Joseph  Houser  and  Theodore  Eckstein.  Besides 
these  there  are  a  number  of  officers  assigned  from 
the  districts  to  do  duty  as  detectives  at  the  Central 
Office  and  who  are  under  the  immediate  control  of 
Chief  Kelly. 

At  the  beginning  of  Mayor  Smith's  term  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  police  boats  revealed  the  fact  that  their 
condition  was  such  as  to  render  it  probable  that  at 
any  moment  they  might  be  unable  to  perform  the 
service  for  which  they  are  intended.  The  hulls  had 
become  badly  impaired  from  use,  and  the  engines 
were  much  deteriorated  from  the  same  cause.  The 
fire-pump  on  the  King  was  not  at  all  adapted  for 
fire  service. 

After  repeated  appeals,  sufficient  money  was  se- 
cured to  authorize  the  rebuilding  of  the  Stokley,  which 
was  done  in  the  most  thorough  manner.  Every- 
thing was  removed  from  the  tug,  the  hull  strength- 
ened and  repaired,  new  houses  and  decks  were  con- 
structed, new  fittings  introduced,  and  the  machinery 
completely  overhauled,  and  portions  rebuilt.  The 
expenditure  of  $8000  rendered  the  Stvkley  fairly 


206  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

worthy  of  the  service  to  which  she  was  assigned  on 
the  Delaware.  The  work  was  completed  early  in 
1884. 

The  following  year  an  attempt  was  made  to  secure 
the  authority  of  Councils  for  the  rebuilding  of  the 
King,  the  Schuylkill  River  police  boat.  After  the 
most  urgent  appeals  an  amount  of  money  was 
secured  which  left  a  deficiency  of  $2000  in  the 
amount  which  it  was  calculated  the  repairs  would 
cost.  The  Mayor  was  not  able  to  order  the  work  to 
proceed  and  appealed  to  the  business  interests  on 
the  Schuylkill  River,  and  they  generously  guaran- 
teed the  payment  of  the  deficiency  upon  the  comple- 
tion of  the  work  if  the  Mayor,  in  the  mean  time, 
would  assume  the  responsibility.  The  Mayor 
agreed  to  this  and  the  work  of  rebuilding  the  boat 
was  begun.  The  King  is  much  similar  to  but  not 
nearly  as  serviceable  as  the  Stokley.  Among  other 
imp'rovements  a  powerful  fire-pump  was  placed  on 
her.  Both  boats  were  supplied  with  a  patent  fire 
connection  known  as  a  "  Monitor,"  a  Boston  inven- 
tion, by  which  the  whole  force  of  the  pump  can  be 
directed  through  an  automatic  nozzle  in  any  di- 
rection and  to  any  elevation  without  the  aid  of 
hose,  and  requiring  only  one  man  to  manipulate  it. 
By  this  means  sixty  thousand  gallons  of  water  can 
be  thrown  per  hour  from  either  boat  a  distance  of 
200  feet  from  where  it  is  located.  The  official 
names  of  the  boats  were  changed,  and  it  was  directed 
that  they  should  hereafter  be  known  as  No.  i  and 
No.  2  respectively,  this  seeming  preferable  to  their 
being  called  after  any  particular  officials.  Tele- 
phone service  was  created  by  the  erection  of  a  line 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


207 


between  the  Central  Station  and  the  wharves  where 
the  boats  lay.  By  means  of  a  slip-switch,  orders 
and  information  can  be  communicated  any  time. 
The  service  has  proven  most  valuable  in  the  trans- 
mission of  fire  alarms  and  other  police  matters. 

Prior  to  entering  on  the  duties  of  the  office  the 
Mayor  and  Chief  of  Police  visited  all  the  large  cities 
in  the  United  States,  for  the  purpose  of  examining 
the  police  system  in  each,  with  a  view  to  the  intro- 
duction of  whatever  might  benefit  the  system  in 
vogue  in  Philadelphia.  On  their  return  they  in- 
spected the  station-houses  in  this  city.  The  proper- 
ties were  found  to  be  upon  the  whole  extremely  un- 
satisfactory and  unsuitable.  The  construction  of  the 
houses  under  the  contract  system,  without  supervis- 
ion of  any  kind  on  behalf  of  the  city,  and  the  use  of 
bad  and  unsuitable  materials,  rendered  many  perma- 
nent improvements  necessary,  and  a  thorough  reno- 
vation was  decided  upon.  Especially  requisite  was 
a  complete  renovation  of  the  plumbing  and  drainage 
system  then  in  existence.  Reports  and  appeals  were 
presented  to  Councils,  and  appropriations  solicited 
to  enable  the  performance  of  this  work.  After  the 
most  strenuous  efforts,  it  is  only  towards  the  expira- 
tion of  the  third  year  of  the  Mayor's  term  that  an 
approach  has  been  made  to  that  comfort,  cleanliness 
and  sanitary  condition  that  a  due  regard  to  the 
health  of  the  men  and  the  pride  of  the  city  should 
have  demanded  long  since. 

The  cellars  and  basements  have  been  thoroughly 
cleansed,  the  rotten  wood  floors  removed  and  re- 
placed by  new  ones,  concrete  pavements  introduced, 
the  plumbing  thoroughly  overhauled  with  a  few  ex- 


208 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


209 


ceptions,  and  the  system  of  flushing  and  draining 
formerly  employed  practically  abandoned.  A  careful 
estimate,  made  by  various  mechanics,  demonstrated 
that  it  would  require  $30,000  to  properly  repair  the 
plumbing  and  drain  the  properties.  During  Mayor 
Smith's  term  about  two  thirds  of  this  sum  has  been 
secured,  and  the  result  is  shown  in  the  additional 
comfort  procured  in  the  quarters  and  the  health  of 
the  men  stationed  therein,  amply  justifying  trie  ex- 
penditure. 

The  system  of  heating  by  steam-radiators,  which 
had  been  in  constant  use  for  ten  years  or  more  with- 
out repair,  was  very  defective  and  unsatisfactory. 
The  meagre  appropriation  of  $2000  a  year  for  this 
purpose  has  only  enabled  the  Mayor  to  effect  such 
small  changes  as  improve  the  service  without  chang- 
ing the  system.  Much  remains  to  be  done  in  this 
particular  which  cannot  be  successfully  attempted 
without  a  largely  increased  expenditure. 

In  carrying  out  these  improvements  the  Mayor 
and  Chief  of  Police  inspected  each  station-house,  ac- 
companied by  Inspection  Clerk  Fell,  Police  Surgeon 
French,  and  Thomas  P.  Lonsdale,  architect.  A  note 
was  made  of  all  the  work  required,  and  orders  were 
issued  from  headquarters  immediately  afterwards 
precisely  specifying  the  nature  of  the  improvements 
to  be  made.  All  contracts  were  signed  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  Mayor  or  his  representative,  and 
where  a  continuous  supervision  was  necessary,  some 
officer  on  the  police  force,  fully  qualified  as  an  arti- 
san, was  detailed  to  be  present  and  to  observe  every 
detail  of  the  work  performed,  and  to  approve  the 
material  supplied.  The  overseer  reported  directly 
M 


2IO  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

to  the  Mayor,  and  no  bills  were  approved  or  paid 
unless  the  work  was  satisfactorily  completed.  The 
presence  of  the  police  surgeon  at  the  inspections 
was  especially  necessitated  by  the  desire  to  improve 
the  sanitary  condition  of  the  houses,  and  thereby  in- 
sure the  continued  health  of  the  officers.  Ventila- 
tion was  badly  needed  in  some  of  the  sleeping  apart- 
ments, forty  men  being  sometimes  quartered  in  a 
single  room  which  should  not  have  been  at  any  time 
called  upon  to  accommodate  one  fourth  of  that  num- 
ber. 

The  stench  from  many  of  the  cells,  and  the  im- 
proper trapping  of  the  water  connections,  rendered 
many  of  the  houses  simply  untenantable,  and  much 
sickness  and  loss  of  services  resulted.  In  the  Nine- 
teenth District,  as  an  example  of  this,  very  many  of 
the  officers  were  forced,  after  repeated  attempts,  to 
avoid  sleeping  in  the  station-house.  The  Board  of 
Health,  on  the  request  of  the  Mayor,  directed  their 
inspectors  to  visit  and  examine  the  building.  They 
notified  the  Mayor  of  the  confirmation  of  his  reports 
regarding  the  condition  of  the  house,  and  stated  that 
if  Councils  failed  to  appropriate  the  money  required 
to  make  the  necessary  improvements,  the  Board 
would  have  the  work  done  and  mandamus  the  city  to 
recover  the  expense.  Councils  then  authorized  the 
work  to  be  done.  When  the  limited  sum  appropri- 
ated is  taken  into  consideration,  the  average  annual 
amount  set  aside  for  repairs  to  the  houses  and  t  leir 
furniture  being  only  $13,000,  to  be  expended  on 
twenty-six  stations  and  ten  sub-stations,  it  can 
readily  be  seen  that  a  great  deal  of  labor  was  re- 
quired to  secure  a  fair  distribution  and  a  satisfactory 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  211 

result  from  the  small  expenditure.  The  officers  say 
that  the  houses  are  now  in  a  better  condition  than  at 
any  time  since  their  erection,  and  a  careful  examina- 
tion will  prove  that  the  alterations  have  been  condu- 
cive to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  men  and  the 
protection  of  the  city's  property. 

An  inspection  of  the  police  departments  of  adjoin- 
ing cities  demonstrated  that  in  all  cases  they  had  an 
official  who  acted  in  the  capacity  of  police  surgeon, 
whose  duties  were  found  to  be  important  to  the 
proper  administration  of  the  service.  Application 
was  made  to  Councils  for  a  similar  official,  and  an 
ordinance  offered  creating  the  position,  as  a  physical 
examination  of  all  applicants  for  positions  on  the 
force  as  well  as  of  the  men  already  in  uniform  had 
been  determined  upon.  Councils  feared  that  such 
an  examination  would  necessitate  the  removal  of 
many  of  the  men  who  had  been  appointed  previ- 
ously, at  the  solicitation  of  members  of  Council,  and 
consequently  much  opposition  to  the  project  was 
manifested  by  the  municipal  legislators.  After  re- 
peated discussion  and  consideration  the  proposal  to 
create  the  office  of  police  surgeon  was  signally  de- 
feated. The  Mayor,  feeling  the  positive  necessity 
for  such  an  official,  announced  the  appointment  of 
M.  S.  French,  M.D.,  at  his  own  expense,  and  by  a 
general  order,  issued  in  December,  1884,  directed  the 
functions  to  be  immediately  put  into  effect.  The 
entire  force,  from  the  chief  down,  was  subjected  to  a 
strict  physical  examination,  upon  a  standard  selected 
by  combining  the  requirements  of  the  New  York  and 
Boston  departments,  amended  in  some  minor  partic- 
ulars. The  wisdom  of  the  innovation  became  mani- 


2i2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

fest  when  it  was  shown  that  many  of  the  men  on  the 
force  were  physically  incapable  of  discharging  their 
duties.  Men  were  found  so  deaf  that  an  alarm  of  fire 
or  other  extraordinary  noise  was  unnoticed  by  them  ; 
others,  from  various  causes,  were  in  such  a  physical 
condition  as  to  be  unable  to  stand  any  excitement  or 
perform  any  severe  exercise.  Pursuit  of  a  prisoner 
or  the  handling  of  a  belligerent  one  would  have 
been  a  sheer  impossibility  with  many  of  those  exam- 
ined. Officers  were  also  found  who  could  neither 
see  at  any  considerable  distance  nor  recognize  a  face 
across  the  street. 

Surgeons  were  selected  contiguous  t&  each  sta- 
tion-house and  sub-station-house  in  the  entire  city 
and  officially  denominated  district  surgeons.  Their 
duties,  briefly  stated,  were  to  give  immediate  atten- 
tion to  injuries  and  accidents  reported  as  happening 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  districts  to  which  they 
were  assigned,  and  the  examination  of  the  insane 
in  conjunction  with  the  police  surgeon,  the  law  re- 
quiring in  this  city  a  certificate  of  two  doctors  to 
establish  proof  of  insanity.  Telephone  service  has 
since  been  secured  between  the  station-houses  and 
the  homes  of  the  district  surgeons,  so  that  they 
can  be  instantly  reached  in  any  emergency.  Rules 
and  regulations  governing  their  services  and  fixed 
schedules  of  prices  for  their  charges  were  agreed 
upon.  The  bills  for  their  services  are  rendered 
monthly,  attested  by  the  lieutenant  of  the  district, 
indorsed  by  the  police  surgeon  and  approved  by 
the  Mayor.  They  also  furnish  the  certificates  which 
are  required  to  secure  the  pay  of  an  officer  who  is 
disabled  through  sickness  or  injury  received  in  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


213 


actual  performance  of  his  duty,  and  is  allowed  com- 
pensation during  the  continuance  of  such  disability, 
provided  that  the  effects  of  the  injury  or  illness  de- 
velop on  the  very  day  on  which  the  duty  causing  it 
was  performed.  The  district  surgeons,  not  being 
salaried  officials,  are  paid  out  of  the  general  appro- 
priation for  incidental  expenses,  and  it  is  not  re- 
quired that  Councils  shall  confirm  their  appoint- 
ment. The  introduction  of  this  system  has  proven 
of  great  efficacy  in  the  saving  of  life  and  ameliorat- 
ing the  condition  of  injured  prisoners,  and  the  patrol 
service  has  increased  the  volume  of  their  work  to 
a  great  extent. 

After  renewed  applications  Councils  finally  admit- 
ted the  necessity  of  the  appointment  of  the  police  sur- 
geon as  recommended,  and  in  making  the  appropria- 
tions for  the  year  1886  proved  by  their  own  action 
an  appreciation  greater  than  could  have  been  sup- 
posed possible,  considering  their  former  antagonis- 
tic attitude ;  for  while  the  Mayor  asked  only  that 
the  police  surgeon's  salary  should  be  fixed  at  $1200 
a  year,  they  increased  it  one  half  and  attached  a 
salary  of  $1800  to  the  position. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  district  surgeons : 
Central, — Dr.  William  M.  Angney,  519  Spruce 
Street  ;  First  District, — Dr.  T.  C.  Rich,  610  South 
Sixteenth  Street ;  Second  District, — Dr.  W.  J. 
Hearn,  312  Catharine  Street;  Third  District, — Dr. 
W.  H.  Hickman,  336  South  Second  Street  ;  Fourth 
District,— Dr.  N.  W.  Vollmer,  307  North  Sixth 
Street ;  Fifth  District, — Dr.  R.  P.  Robins,  2024  Lo- 
cust Street ;  Sixth  District, — Dr.  A.  Graham  Reed, 
228  North  Twelfth  Street  ;  Seventh  District, — Dr. 


2I4  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Joseph  S.  Gibb,  841  North  Sixth  Street  ;  Eighth 
District, — Dr.  F.  B.  Hazel,  845  North  Broad  Street ; 
Ninth  District, — Dr.  G.  G.  Davis,  1817  Mount 
Vernon  Street  ;  Tenth  District, — Dr.  William 
Lyons,  1312  North  Front  Street;  Eleventh  Dis- 
trict,— Dr.  W.  W.  Lamb,  1227  Palmer  Street; 
Twelfth  District, — Dr.  Thomas  Mprton,  1453  North 
Tenth  Street;  Thirteenth  District, — Dr.  James 
Sibbald,  Terrace  and  Hermit  streets ;  Fourteenth 
District, — Dr.  Charles  A.  Currie,  5118  Germantown 
Avenue ;  Fifteenth  District, — Dr.  R.  Bruce  Burns, 
4325  Frankford  Avenue ;  Sixteenth  District, — Dr. 
J.  H.  Musser,  3705  Powelton  Avenue ;  Seventeenth 
District, — Dr.  J.  M.  Campbell,  1334  South  Tenth 
Street;  Eighteenth  District, — Dr.  J.  L.  Rihl,  2009 
Frankford  Avenue ;  Nineteenth  District, — Dr.  P.  E. 
Lodor,  517  South  Eighth  Street ;  Twentieth  District, 
• — Dr.  J.  H.  C.  Simes,  2033  Chestnut  Street ; 
Twenty-first  District, — Dr.  Charles  M.  Grayson,  122 
South  Forty-second  Street ;  Twenty-second  District, 
— Dr.  W.  K.  Mattern,  -Tenth  and  Germantown 
Avenue ;  Twenty-third  District, — Dr.  C.  E.  Bricker, 
2639  Girard  Avenue  ;  Twenty-fourth  District, — Dr. 
J.  K.  Foulkrod,  1612  Richmond  Street ;  Twenty-fifth 
District, — Dr.  H.  H.  Freund,  1310  South  Fifth 
Street.  Sub-stations  :  Roxborough,  Thirteenth  Dis- 
trict,— Dr.  W.  C.  Todd,  Lyceum  Avenue  ;  Chest- 
nut Hill,  Fourteenth  District, — Dr.  J.  C.  Gilbert, 
Wissahickon  Avenue ;  Olney,  Fourteenth  District, 
—Dr.  J.  R.  Thompson,  Branchtown  ;  Holmesburg, 
Fifteenth  District, — Dr.  J.  J.  Sowerby,  Delaware 
Avenue;  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Twenty-second  Dis- 
trict,— Dr.  E.  S.  Beary,  3341  Ridge  Avenue ; 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


2I5 


Bridesburg,  Twenty-fourth   District, — Dr.  Thos.   H. 
Price,  209  Bridge  Street. 

Rules  governing  the  medical  service  of  the  police  department. 

I.  The  officer    in  charge  of   a  district  must  notify  the  district 
surgeon  immediately  when  a  person  seriously  injured,  ill,  or   in- 
sane arrives  at  the  station. 

II.  All  calls  from  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  station  must  be 
responded  to  as  quickly  as  possible. 

III.  An  ambulance  should  be  summoned  when  a  case  of  severe 
injury  or  serious  illness  is  reported  at  the  station-house. 

IV.  The  district  surgeon,  after  attending  to  the  urgent  neces- 
sities of  the  case,  should  remain  with  the  patient  when  the  condi- 
tion is  serious  until  the  ambulance  arrives. 

V.  When  an  individual  is  brought  to  the  station-house  who  is 
seriously  ill,  or  who  has  been  seriously  injured,  the  fact  should  be 
immediately  and  fully  reported   to  headquarters,  and   the  police 
surgeon  notified. 

VI.  In  all  cases  where  insanity  exists,  or  is  presumed  to  exist 
in  a  person  under  surveillance,  notice  should  be    sent    to  head- 
quarters, and  the   police    surgeon  will  also  examine  the  patient, 
prior  to  any  action,  and  join  in  the  certificate  with  the   district 
surgeon  if  insanity  exists. 

VII.  District  surgeons  will  keep  a  record  of  each  case  to  which 
they  are  summoned,  and  forward  a  report  of  the  same  by  the  offi- 
cer in  charge  of  the  district  to  headquarters  each  Monday  morn- 
ing. 

VIII.  District    surgeons   will  render  their    account  for  profes- 
sional services  each  month  upon  the  blank  form  of  bill  adopted  by 
the  department.     They  must  be  signed  by  the  officer  in  charge  of 
the  district,  and  then  sent  to  headquarters  for  comparison  with 
the  weekly  reports,  and  sworn  or  affirmed  to. 

IX.  Should  it  be  impossible  to  obtain  the  presence  of  the  dis- 
trict surgeon,  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  district  should  send  im- 
mediately for  the   nearest  district   surgeon,  who  will  respond  to 
the  call. 

X.  When   the    district    surgeon    desires   the    presence   of    the 
police  surgeon,  a  despatch  must  be  sent  to  headquarters. 

XI.  In  all  cases  unprovided  for  in  the  above  rules  the  police 
surgeon  must  be  immediately  notified. 


216  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

An  ambulance  can  be  obtained  by  a  despatch  from 
the  officer  in  charge  of  the  several  districts  to  any  of 
the  following  hospitals,  the  one  nearest  the  sta- 
tion-house being  generally  selected  :  Philadelphia 
Hospital,  Thirty-fourth  and  Spruce  Streets,  Twenty- 
first  District ;  University  Hospital,  Thirty-sixth 
Street  and  Woodland  Avenue,  Twenty-first  District ; 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  Thirty-ninth  Street  and  Pow- 
elton  Avenue,  Sixteenth  District ;  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  Eighth  and  Spruce  streets,  Fifth  District ; 
St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Frankford  Avenue  and  Palmer 
Street,  Eleventh  District ;  Episcopal  Hospital, 
Front  Street  and  Lehigh  Avenue,  Eighteenth 
District ;  German  Hospital,  Corinthian  and  Girard 
Avenues,  Twenty-third  District ;  Jewish  Hospital, 
Branchtown,  Fourteenth  District ;  Germantown 
Hospital,  Germantown,  Fourteenth  District ;  and 
Children's  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Broad  Street 
below  Girard  Avenue,  Twenty-third  District. 

Application  was  made  to  Councils  by  Mayor 
Smith  for  the  appointment  of  a  police  solicitor  or 
counsel,  to  represent  the  individual  members  of  the 
force  in  all  suits  -at  law  which  might  be  brought  by 
them  or  against  them  through  difficulties  arising  in 
the  performance,  or  alleged  non-performance,  of 
their  duty.  This  was  likewise  rejected,  and  after 
consultation  with  the  chief  officers  of  the  department 
the  men  were  so  much  convinced  of  the  necessity  for 
such  counsel  that  they  suggested  the  establishment 
of  a  special  fund  to  pay  a  lawyer,  the  Mayor  to  act 
as  trustee.  Every  officer  of  the  department,  from 
the  Mayor  and  Chief  down,  undertook  to  pay  the 
sum  of  25  cents  a  month.  Out  of  the  fund  thus 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


217 


obtained  all  legal  expenses,  fines  and  claims  and  the 
salary  of  counsel  have  been  paid.  A  detailed  record 
is  kept  of  all  actions  at  law.  No  officer  is  author- 
ized or  permitted  to  institute  any  suit  as  an  officer 
or  relating  to  his  duties  in  the  department  without 
first  having  the  sanction  of  the  solicitor.  The  posi- 
tion has  been  filled  since  its  inception  by  James  L. 
Miles,  Esquire. 

On  February  12,  1885.  the  terrible  catastrophe  at 
the  Blockley  Almshouse  occurred,  by  which  over 
twenty  inmates  of  the  Insane  Department  perished 
in  the  fire.  This  frightful  affair  was  followed  ten 
days  later  by  the  loss  of  life  in  the  destruction  by 
fire  of  the  residence  of  John  A.  King,  No.  1539 
Pine  Street.  Five  persons  were  killed  and  three 
severely  injured.  The  fire  originated  in  the  cellar 
of  Mr.  King's  residence,  and  was  discovered  by  his 
wife.  It  was  early  morning,  and  the  people  in  the 
house  were  not  yet  astir.  An  alarm  was  struck,  but 
before  either  a  hos^-cart  or  engine  arrived  the  in- 
mates of  Mr.  King's  house  had  been  driven  to  the 
fourth  floor,  all  escape  from  below  being  cut  off. 
Access  to  the  roof  was  impossible.  Those  who 
escaped  alive  jumped  from  the  windows.  Although 
a  request  was  made  of  the  fire  department,  no  hook- 
and-ladder  apparatus  or  Hayes  truck  was  sent. 
Even  after  the  firemen  arrived,  a  stream  of  water 
could  not  be  sent  higher  than  the  second-story  win- 
dows of  the  burning  building.  John  A.  King,  his 
seven-year-old  son  Paul,  Miss  Jennie  Hamilton, — a 
sister  of  Mrs.  King, — Kate  Berry  and  Lenore  Gro- 
bie,  servants,  perished  in  the  flames. 

This    unfortunate    occurrence    suggested    to    the 


2i8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Mayor  the  propriety  of  creating  and  organizing  in 
the  police  department  some  ready  and  efficient  sys. 
tern  by  which  similar  sad  results  might  be  prevented. 
In  a  special  message  to  Councils  he  requested  au- 
thority to  divert  a  small  unused  balance  of  an  appro- 
priation to  inaugurate  a  life-saving  service.  The 
suggestion  met  prompt  compliance,  and  the  trans- 
fer was  passed  on  April  7,  1885.  The  Mayor  pro- 
ceeded to  look  through  the  plans  and  patents  with 
which  he  had  been  deluged,  with  a  view  to  selecting 
some  simple  appliance  which  might  give  the  required 
assistance  in  case  of  necessity.  This  was  the  plan 
selected :  Large  double-thick  canvas  sheets,  prop- 
erly roped  with  hand-loops,  to  be  held  by  eight  or 
more  persons,  were  procured.  These  are  for  the 
inmates  of  a  burning  building  to  jump  into  with 
safety.  They  were  placed  in  each  station-house,  to 
be  carried  immediately  on  an  alarm  of  fire  to  the 
scene  of  the  conflagration  by  the  officers  on  reserve 
at  the  time  that  they  are  required  to  go  to  that 
point  with  ropes  to  enclose  the  ground.  Where  the 
situation  would  permit,  sliding  ladders  were  hung  on 
the  sides  of  the  station-houses  or  in  the  areas  adjoin- 
ing. These  ladders  can  be  carried  at  once,  if  neces- 
sary, to  the  scene  of  a  fire  for  the  same  service. 
Small  ladders  easily  transported  were  also  procured, 
and  in  the  business  portions  of  the  city  life-guns 
with  lines  which  can  be  thrown,  by  the  discharge  of  a 
cartridge,  over  the  highest  buildings  were  placed,  in 
readiness  for  instant  use.  Fortunately  no  necessity 
has  since  arisen  of  so  serious  a  character  as  that 
which  led  to  the  introduction  of  the  service,  but 
everything  is  prepared  for  any  emergency. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  2Ig 

In  the  police  management  of  the  vicinities  of  fires, 
much  difficulty  arose  from  the  semi-official  intru- 
sion of  many  persons  who  presented  various  badges 
and  authorities  demanding  admission  within  the 
ropes.  Newspaper  reporters  were  assured  t>f  and 
protected  in  their  privilege  .by  the  possession  of  a 
card,  on  which  the  city  editors  of  the  papers  they 
represented  certified  to  their  being  duly  accredited 
reporters,  and  the  Mayor's  endorsement  entitling 
them  to  the  courtesies  of  the  police  department. 
The  success  of  this  system,  which  had  been  estab- 
lished before  Mayor  Smith's  term,  rendered  its  exten- 
sion to  such  others  as  were  entitled  to  be  within  the 
ropes  at  fires  a  proper  movement.  Similar  cards  were 
prepared  and  issued  to  all  insurance  underwriters, 
agents  of  fire-proof  safe  companies,  and  officials  and 
employees  of  telegraph,  telephone  and  electric  light 
companies.  This  precludes  the  miscellaneous  gath- 
ering of  curiosity-seekers,  who  retard  the  operations 
of  the  firemen  and  take  great  risks  in  regard  to  their 
personal  safety. 

For  years  the  system  prevailed  of  having  attached 
to  each  station-house  two  rooms,  usually  over  the 
cells,  in  which  tramps  or  vagrants  were  permitted  to 
lodge,  or  rather  store  themselves  for  a  night.  These 
apartments  were  mostly  called  into  service  during 
the  winter  season.  The  records  of  the  department 
show  that  about  127,000  homeless  persons  were  so 
accommodated  annually.  An  examination  of  the  re- 
turns of  the  names  of  station-house  lodgers  shows 
that  the  majority  of  them  were  vagrants,  who  passed 
in  pilgrimage  from  one  station-house  to  another,  and 
in  the  course  of  a  month  returned  to  the  point 


220  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

whence  they  originally  started,  neither  wealthier  nor 
better.  The  establishment  of  the  Wayfarers'  Lodges 
under  a  special  Act  of  the  Legislature,  furnished  the 
Mayor  with  the  means  and  opportunity  of  devising  a 
mode  of  abolishing  what  seemed  to  be  an  incentive 
to  vagrancy.  Under  the  Act  mentioned,  houses  are 
provided  in  several  sections  of  the  city  to  which  all 
people  in  distress  or  without  lodging  are  directed  by 
the  police  authorities.  Such  persons  are  registered 
at  these  Wayfarers'  Lodges,  required  to  cleanse 
their  persons,  and  then  furnished  with  a  good,  if 
homely,  supper.  In  the  morning  they  are  required 
to  saw  and  split  one-eighth  of  a  cord  of  fire-wood  in 
liquidation  of  their  debt  to  the  institution.  They 
are  given  some  individual  attention  and  considera- 
tion, and  very  often  aided  in  securing  permanent 
employment.  The  extension  of  the  system,  which 
had  previously  existed  on  a  limited  scale,  soon  de- 
veloped the  fact  that  many  of  those  who  had  for- 
merly enjoyed  the  questionable  hospitality  of  the 
police  authorities  did  so  from  choice  and  not  neces- 
sity. Their  presence  in  the  station-houses  was  a 
matter  of  great  dissatisfaction  and  annoyance  to  not 
only  officers  but  prisoners,  and  the  abolition  of  the 
system  has  done  much  to  eradicate  some  of  the  diffi- 
culties which  were  formerly  experienced  in  securing 
comfort  to  the  policemen  in  the  station-houses. 

For  several  months  during  the  spring  and  summer 
of  1886,  a  number  of  charitably  disposed  and  benev- 
olent women  of  the  city  held  frequent  consultations 
with  the  Mayor  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  in- 
troduction of  some  system  whereby  matrons  could 
be  assigned  to  a  number  of  the  station-houses. 

o 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  22i 

After  much  consideration  and  inquiry  of  the  police 
departments  of  other  cities  without  any  definite  or 
satisfactory  result,  it  was  decided  to  ask  Councils  to 
permit  the  application  of  a  small  appropriation  out 
of  the  general  police  fund  for  the  payment  of  four 
matrons,  to  be  located  at  such  station-houses  as  the 
Mayor  might  deem  best.  The  suggestion  was  in 
due  time  approved.  In  October,  1886,  the  Mayor 
appointed  four  matrons,  who  were  assigned  to  the 
Third,  Fourth,  Sixth  and  Nineteenth  districts,  these 
being  located  in  the  central  part  of  the  city,  and 
having  the  largest  number  of  women  arrested  in 
them.  The  rooms  which  had  previously  been  the 
home  of  the  travelling  tramp  were  refitted  and  fur- 
nished for  the  use  of  the  matrons.  A  sitting-room 
and  bed-room  were  provided,  where  each  of  the  new 
officers  makes  her  home  and  is  ready  for  immediate 
service  when  called  on  to  perform  any  of  her  duties. 
The  matrons  are  required  to  care  for  lost  children, 
to  attend  female  prisoners  whilst  in  the  station- 
houses,  to  search  such  after  they  are  brought  in,  to 
help,  if  possible,  in  the  reformation  of  those  who  are 
not  too  degraded  to  be  recalled,  and  to  endeavor,  in 
all  ways  which  their  womanly  sympathy  can  suggest, 
to  soften  the  hardships  of  the  condition  of  the  un- 
fortunate class  who  are  committed  to  their  care. 
The  newness  of  the  system  does  not  permit  any  fair 
estimate  of  its  value,  but  it  certainly  can  and  will  do 
much  in  the  cause  of  humanity.  The  matter  is  at 
present  only  experimental,  but  Mayor  Smith  be- 
lieves time  and  experience  will  prove  the  necessity 
for  its  extension.  The  matrons  have  all  been  ap- 


222  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

pointed  by  the  Mayor  on  the   recommendations   of 
the  United  Women's  Charities  of  this  city. 

The  van  service,  as  at  present  operated,  was 
created  April  7,  1885.  Prior  to  that  date  the  vans 
alone  were  the  property  of  the  city,  the  horses  and 
drivers,  together  with  the  subsistence  and  care  of 
the  stock,  were  awarded  by  contract  to  the  lowest 
bidder,  so  that  the  service  had  become  decrepit  and 
disgraceful.  Besides  this  feature  of  a  system,  where 
the  city  was  so  directly  concerned  in  the  safe  and 
absolute  delivery  of  the  thousands  of  prisoners  com- 
mitted for  crime,  there  was  neither  control  nor  re- 
sponsibility of  the  drivers  to  the  police  authorities, 
so  that  much  risk  was  run  of  the  escape  of  prisoners 
by  connivance,  and  instances  were  not  uncommon 
when  such  was  the  case. 

Aware  of  the  many  defects  in  the  contract  system, 
after  application  and  discussion  of  a  proposed  re- 
organization, an  ordinance  was  passed  by  which  the 
Mayor  was  authorized  to  reorganize  the  entire  ser- 
vice, and  make  it  a  distinct  part  of  the  police  depart- 
ment. Under  this  authority  the  necessary  vans, 
horses  and  harness  were  purchased  ;  drivers  selected 
and  appointed,  uniformed,  and  sworn  in  as  officers. 
The  city  was  divided  into  four  districts,  covering  all 
the  station-houses  except  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  districts,  which  are  located  at  Mana- 
yunk,  Germantown  and  Frankford,  from  which 
points  prisoners  are  brought  in  by  details  of  officers, 
by  rail,  to  some  of  the  interior  station-houses,  where 
they  are  placed  in  the  vans.  These  districts  are, 
however,  provided  for  by  the  allowance  of  an  ad- 
ditional van,  and  will  be  under  the  same  direct  ser- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


223 


vice  as  the  other  districts.  The  change  has  proven 
admirable  in  all  particulars,  and  the  result  has  shown 
the  wisdom  of  the  change.  Among  the  good  results 
attained  may  be  mentioned  the  more  prompt  con- 
veyance of  the  prisoners  from  point  to  point,  the 
appearance  of  the  service  and  the  stock,  and  the  ad- 
vantages gained  by  its  responsibility  to  the  depart- 
ment and  the  consequent  ability  to  so  control  and 
discipline  the  drivers  as  to  have  them  under  absolute 
command.  The  entire  system  is  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  Joseph  Malatesta,  who  gives  it  the 
most  faithful  and  attentive  care. 

Immediately  upon  assuming  office,  Mayor  Smith 
turned  his  attention  to  improvements  in  the  style 
and  the  question  generally  of  uniforms  for  the  police 
force.  In  their  visit  of  inspection  to  the  different 
large  cities,  Mayor  Smith  and  Chief  Stewart  di- 
rected particular  attention  and  inquiry  to  this  sub- 
ject, and  to  learning  what  was  the  "  latest  thing 
out"  in  uniforms,  in  order  to  improve  even  on  that 
if  possible.  The  result  was  a  wide  and  radical  de- 
parture from  the  old  uniforms  of  the  men.  One  of 
the  minor  points  was  the  adoption  of  a  new  button, 
which  has  come  to  be  known  as  the  Keystone  police 
button.  It  is  white.  The  old  button  was  yellow. 
The  design  of  the  substitute  is  Mayor  Smith's  own 
idea.  The  new  belt-clasps  bear  the  same  design  to 
correspond  with  the  button.  The  cap  was  super- 
seded by  the  helmet.  Many  styles  of  helmets  were 
submitted  to  the  Mayor  an-1  Chief  Stewart,  and  the 
one  now  in  use  finally  selected.  It  is  declared  to  be 
the  neatest  and  most  becoming  head-covering  worn 
by  any  police  force  in  the  country. 


224  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

In  order  to  fully  carry  out  the  ideas  of  the  admin- 
istration in  the  matter  of  uniform,  the  Mayor  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  establishing  a  Bureau  of  Equip- 
ment, with  a  practical  tailor  at  its  head,  from  which 
all  supplies  of  that  character  should  be  issued. 
Formerly  the  making  of  the  officers'  uniforms  was 
let  by  contract  to  the  lowest  bidder.  There  was  no 
expert  check  on  the  quality  of  the  material  used,  the 
fit  of  garments,  or  the  making.  Under  the  new 
order  of  things  the  goods  are  bought  at  the  factory 
at  the  lowest  prices,  and  are  sponged  and  examined 
at  the  Bureau  of  Equipment.  Then  invitations  are 
sent  out  to  reputable  houses  to  submit  estimates  for 
making  and  trimming  uniforms  for  the  police  force, 
in  accordance  with  specifications,  which  are  also 
enclosed,  and  a  sample  uniform  of  what  is  required 
can  be  inspected  at  the  Equipment  Bureau.  The 
contract  being  given,  after  the  garments  have  been 
made  up  and  delivered  at  the  Bureau,  the  officers 
go  there,  try  the  clothes  on,  when  they  are  ex- 
amined as  to  fit,  making  and  trimming.  In  case 
of  _a  misfit,  or  bad  workmanship,  the  garment  is 
returned  to  the  contractor  for  alteration.  In  all  the 
other  large  cities  of  the  country,  the  authorities  con- 
sider their  duty  ended  upon  delivery  of  the  goods  to 
the  officers  ;  while  Philadelphia  goes  further,  and 
does  not  deem  her  duty  performed  until  her  officers 
are  clothed,  and  fittingly  clothed  in  the  bargain. 
The  result  is  that  we  not  only  have  the  best  uni- 
formed police  force  in  the  country,  but  it  is  accom- 
plished at  the  least  expense.  The  department  was 
the  first,  under  Mayor  Smith,  to  adopt  the  time  ser- 
vice stripe,  which  is  being  imitated  throughout  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


225 


country.  These  stripes  are  worn  above  the  cuff  of 
the  sleeve.  One  red  stripe  denotes  that  the  officer 
has  done  service  in  the  army  or  navy  of  the  United 
States.  A  blue  stripe  is  added  for  every  three  years 
of  service  on  the  police  force,  the  length  of  a  mayor- 
alty term.  Each  blue  stripe  indicates  the  number  of 
administrations  under  which  the  officer  has  served. 
Inspections  are  held  twice  a  year,  at  which  times  the 
new  uniforms  for  the  officers  are  ordered.  The  chief 
inspector  of  the  Equipment  Bureau  is  John  Shed- 
den.  The  Bureau  is  located  at  the  Fourth  District 
Station-House,  Fifth  Street,  above  Race. 

The  winter  uniforms  of  the  policemen  consist  of 
double-breasted,  blue  frock  coats,  overcoats,  eight 
buttons  on  each  breast,  four  inches  apart  at  bottom, 
five  inches  at  top,  and  eight  inches  at  fourth  button. 
There  are  two  small  buttons  on  the  under  seam  of 
the  cuff.  The  overcoat  is  made  to  roll  to  the  third 
button-hole  if  required,  and  to  button  close  up  to  the 
neck.  It  is  lined  with  dark  blue  all-wool  flannel,  and 
the  body  and  back  are  wadded  to  the  waist.  The 
trousers  are  of  blue  cloth  with  a  black  stripe  one 
inch  in  width.  The  baton,  decorated  with  blue  cord 
and  tassels,  is  worn  in  the  belt.  In  winter  a  black 
helmet  is  worn.  The  summer  uniforms  are  blue, 
single-breasted,  skeleton  sack  coats,  with  one  button- 
hole and  button  on  top  of  breast.  The  trousers  are 
of  the  same  material,  with  white  cloth  welt.  The 
summer  helmet  is  light  gray  in  color.  White  gloves 
are  worn  by  the  Reserve  Corps  only,  in  the  summer 
time,  while  on  duty. 
15 


226  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  X. 

CHIEF  OF   POLICE  AND  DETECTIVES. 

CHIEF  STEWART'S  APTITUDE  FOR  DISCIPLINE.— HIS  WAR 
RECORD. — HIS  DUTIES. — IMPROVEMENT  IN  THE  MOR- 
ALE OF  THE  FORCE. — ITS  MANAGEMENT  ON  GREAT 
OCCASIONS  AND  ITS  PARADES. — GENERAL  STEWART'S 
VIEWS  ON  THE  CHARACTER  OF  THE  FORCE. — LIFE 
OF  CLERK  THOMPSON. — INSPECTION  CLERK  FELL  AND 
HIS  DUTIES. — CREATION  AND  GROWTH  OF  THE  DE- 
TECTIVE DEPARTMENT. — TECHNICAL  DIFFICULTIES  IN 
THE  WAY  OF  CHIEF  KELLY'S  APPOINTMENT. — HIS 
LIFE. — SMASHING  THE  WHISKEY  RING. — BREAKING  UP 
THE  OPIUM  TRAFFIC.— CONVICTING  COUNTERFEITERS. 
—COMMENDATIONS  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  SECRET 
SERVICE. — REORGANIZATION  OF  FORCE  AND  METHODS 

OF  WORK. 

GENERAL  JAMES  STEWART,  JR.,  is  the  executive 
head  of  the  Philadelphia  police  department.  Ac- 
counted during  the  late  war  one  of  the  best  discipli- 
narians in  the  service,  his  ripe  experience  in  that  life 
came  in  aptly  at  the  time  of  his  appointment.  A 
bitter  mayoralty  campaign,  in  which  the  incumbent 
Mayor  was  politically  opposed  to  the  faith  of  a  large 
majority  of  the  force,  culminated  in  his  defeat  after 
a  rancorous  contest,  in  which  brother  officer  was  op- 
posed to  brother  officer.  Many  scars,  deep  and  last- 
ing, were  inflicted  during  this  battle,  and  as  a  natural 
sequence,  after  the  war  clouds  had  rolled  away,  the 
force  was  in  a  more  or  less  disorganized  condition, 


GENERAL  JAMES  STEWART,  JR. 
Chief  of  Police. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


229 


and  it  needed  just  such  a  consummate  organizer  and 
disciplinarian  as  General  Stewart  to  place  it  on  the 
footing  of  a  model  constabulary — a  work  that  he 
has  accomplished  in  an  eminent  degree.  Before  ad- 
verting to  his  work  in  detail,  a  brief  sketch  of  the 
chief's  life  will  be  of  interest  to  every  reader  of  this 
volume. 

General  Stewart  was  born  near  Stewartsville, 
Warren  County,  N.  J.,  on  March  22,  1840.  In  1856 
he  entered  the  wholesale  dry  goods  house  of  John 
Ely  &  Co.,  at  Third  and  Arch  streets,  and  remained 
with  them  until  the  firm  succumbed  to  the  panic  of 
1857.  He  was  then  tendered  and  accepted  a  similar 
position  with  a  large  dry  goods  house  in  New  York, 
which  he  held  until  1861.  Then  came  the  momen- 
tous news  of  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter,  and  young 
Stewart,  who  had  not  yet  attained  his  majority,  re- 
signed his  position  and  entered  heart  and  soul  in  the 
work  of  raising  a  company  for  the  Tenth  New  Jersey 
Rifle  Regiment.  In  September  of  the  same  year 
he  was  mustered  into  the  company  that  he  had 
helped  to  organize  as  a  private,  but  was  immediately 
selected  by  Joseph  W.  Allen,  the  colonel  of  the  reg- 
iment, as  one  of  the  lieutenants.  During  his  ser- 
vice with  this  regiment  he  developed  his  great  talent 
for  discipline  and  organization  which  he  exerted,  not 
only  in  his  company  in  the  early  days  of  the  war, 
but  afterwards  in  the  regiment,  brigade  and  division. 
His  whole  thought  was  for  the  good  of  his  imme- 
diate command,  and  his  ambition  did  not.  extend  be- 
yond the  field  of  advancement  within  the  confines  of 
his  own  regiment.  This  loyalty  to  the  men  with 
whom  he  had  enlisted  proved  a  barrier  to  his  ad- 


230  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

vancement.  While  a  captain  in  the  Ninth  Regiment 
he  was  tendered  by  Gov.  Olden,  of  New  Jersey,  a 
commission  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Fifteenth 
New  Jersey  Regiment  of  volunteers,  then  forming, 
with  the  assurance  of  being  made  colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment on  its  reaching  Washington.  He  declined  the 
commission  with  the  simple  declaration  that  he  pre- 
ferred to  remain  with  the  men  who  had  enlisted  with 
him. 

Notwithstanding  General  Stewart's  fealty  to  his 
companions  of  the  Ninth,  he  was  advanced  almost  in 
spite  of  himself,  and  when  he  left  the  service — that 
is,  at  the  end  of  the  bloody  struggle — it  was  as  a 
brevet  brigadier-general.  In  the  "  History  of  New 
Jersey  and  the  Rebellion  "  General  Stryker  writes  : 

"  The  whole  history  of  the  Ninth  New  Jersey  Regiment,  as 
found  in  that  book,  is  full  of  the  brave  conduct  of  General  Stewart. 
No  more  gallant  officer  ever  commanded  a  better  fighting  regi- 
ment. He  entered  the  service  in  1861  as  a  private,  when  21  years 
of  age. 

"  The  State  records  show  him  to  have  received  the  following 
promotions  in  the  Ninth  Regiment  : 

"October  4,  1861,  First  Lieutenant,  commanding  Co.  H. 

"  March  9,  1862,  promoted  Captain  Co.  H. 

"  December  23,  1862,  promoted  Major  Ninth  Regiment. 

"January  8,  1863,  promoted  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ninth  Reg- 
iment. 

"June  15,  1864,  to  Colonel  Ninth  Regiment. 

"  March  13,  1865,  breveted  Brigadier-General  United  States 
Volunteers,  by  the  War  Department,  '  for  gallant  conduct  and 
efficiency  in  the  field.' 

"On  the  i6th  of  May,  1864,  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
thigh  in  front  of  Drury's  Bluff.  Returning  from  the  hospital,  and 
only  partially  recovered  from  his  wounds,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Eighteenth  Corps, 
which  he  retained,  and  fought  in  the  engagements  in  front  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


231 


Petersburg,  Va.,  until  November,  1864,  when  he  was  sent  with  his 
brigade  to  North  Carolina,  where  he  formed  part  of  the  column 
under  Major-General  Schofield,  who  was  forming  a  junction  with 
General  Sherman  in  his  march  through  the  Carolinas. 

General  James  Stewart  then  took  command  of  the  Third  Division 
Twenty-third  Army  Corps,  being  then  only  25  years  of  age,  which 
command  he  retained  until  their  final  muster  out,  June,  1865." 

After  the  close  of  the  war  General  Stewart  took  the  Superin- 
tendeocy  of  the  Sharp's  Rifle  Works,  then  in  this  city.  Colonel 
Sharp,  inventor  of  the  famous  Sharp  rifle,  being  his  uncle. 

In  1869  he  associated  himself  with  O.  Howard  Wilson,  and 
they  established  the  house  of  Wilson  &  Stewart,  which  has  con- 
tinued in  business  until  the  present  time,  at  131  and  133  North 
Water  Street. 

Many  of  the  reforms  and  improvements  introduced 
into  the  police  service  are  directly  due  to  General 
Stewart,  and  all  of  them  were  carried  into  effect  by 
him  as  chief  of  the  force. 

All  orders  issued  to  the  police  department  ema- 
nate from  him,  and  all  matters  relating  to  the  gov- 
ernment and  discipline  of  the  force  are  his  immediate 
concern.  At  ten  o'clock  every  morning  all  the  cap- 
tains and  lieutenants  assemble  at  police  headquarters 
and  make  their  reports  to  Chief  Stewart.  Their 
whole  line  of  duty  is  reported ;  every  accident  that 
has  occurred  in  their  several  districts,  every  crime 
which  has  come  to  the  attention  of  the  police,  and 
any  dereliction  on  the  part  of  any  officer,  are  thus 
brought  under  the  immediate  attention  of  Chief 
Stewart  within  a  few  hours  of  their  occurrence,  and 
he  thereupon  issues  appropriate  orders  concerning 
them.  Every  arrest  by  the  officers  is  reported  to 
the  chief  in  writing,  and  a  record  of  these  is  kept  in 
his  office  in  a  book  provided  for  the  purpose.  In 
addition  to  this  record  a  separate  one  is  kept  in  the 


232  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Chief  of  Detectives'  office,  of  all  murders  and  other 
felonies  reported.  All  correspondence  with  other 
police  departments  throughout  the  country  is  han- 
dled in  the  chief's  office.  The  doings  of  the  detec- 
tives are  also  under  the  supervision  of  Chief  Stewart, 
to  whom  Chief  Kelly  of  that  department  reports. 
The  detectives'  department  is  simply  a  branch  of  the 
police,  the  title  of  Chief  of  Detectives  being  given 
to  the  officer  at  its  head ;  but  it  does  not  denote 
independent  power  aside  from  the  Chief  of  Police. 

The  police  department  in  all  its  branches  has 
been  admirably  handled,  and  most  successful  in  its 
operations  under  the  direction  of  Chief  Stewart. 
This  may  be  attributed  not  only  to  the  personnel  of 
the  police  force,  but  in  a  great  measure  to  the 
thorough  feeling  of  harmony  which  exists  among  the 
men.  This  harmonious  working  of  the  force  is  due 
in  no  small  degree  to  a  policy  which  has  ever  been 
pursued  by  Chief  Stewart,  in  bestowing  credit  where 
it  properly  belongs.  Under  an  administration  of  the 
office  where  a  feeling  would  be  manifested  on  the 
part  of  the  superior  officers  to  arrogate  to  themselves 
the  credit,  and  appropriate  the  praise  for  any  par- 
ticularly praiseworthy  coup  of  the  police  would  have 
a  tendency  to  take  from  the  patrolmen  that  feeling 
of  enthusiasm  and  esprit  du  corps,  which  must  char- 
acterize every  effective  body  of  men.  When  an 
officer  feels  that  he  will  be  given  the  credit  for  any 
meritorious  work  performed  by  him,  he  is  ambitious 
and  zealous  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties.  Chief 
Stewart  is  a  firm  believer  in  this  principle,  as  by  it 
he  thinks  he  secures  the  best  results  from  his  subor- 
dinates. They  work  with  a  better  will  if  they  know 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


233 


that  their  services  will  be  appreciated  and  recog- 
nized. The  chief  never  interferes  prominently  with 
his  officers  in  their  conduct  of  a  case,  other  than  to 
give  the  necessary  orders  and  directions,  and  bestow 
proper  credit  upon  its  successful  termination.  When 
he  first  assumed  the  duties  of  his  office  he  called  the 
detectives  together,  and  told  them  that  while  he 
fully  appreciated  the  fact  that  their  pay  was  not  com- 
mensurate with  the  services  expected  of  them,  still 
they  had  accepted  the  positions,  and  their  whole 
duty  would  be  expected.  He  impressed  upon  them 
that  in  no  case  could  they  work  under  a  promise  of 
reward,  and  that  no  reward  could  be  received  by 
them  without  the  chief's  express  approval  and  con- 
sent. He  realized  that  citizens  who  had  lost  heavily 
by  the  depredations  of  thieves  were  often  desirous 
of  rewarding  in  some  way  the  officers  who  had  re- 
covered their  property  for  them.  In  such  cases  as 
these  Chief  Stewart  willingly  assented  to  the  officer 
receiving  such  a  gratuity  as  might  be  tendered  him 
for  his  faithful  efforts.  But  if  it  should  come  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  chief  that  any  officer  was  in- 
fluenced in  doing  or  neglecting  his  work  by  the  hope 
of  receiving  or  not  receiving  a  reward,  instant  dis- 
missal might  be  expected. 

In    his    first   annual  report,   dated  January,  1885, 
Chief  of  Police  Stewart  said : 

"  Immediately  following  the  inauguration,  an  official  visit  and  in- 
spection was  made  to  every  station  and  sub-station  in  this  depart- 
ment. The  personnel  of  the  force  was  closely  scrutinized,  their 
clothing  and  quarters  inspected,  and  a  thorough  knowledge  arrived 
at  of  the  wants  of  the  department.  We  found  much  to  commend — 
we  found  more  to  condemn.  Without  intending  in  the  slightest 


234  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

degree  to  reflect  upon  any  previous  administration  of  police  affairs, 
yet  the  general  force  seemed  to  be  poorly  uniformed,  and  some- 
what loose  in  discipline,  and  wanting  in  very  many  of  the  qualities 
which,  in  a  large  body  of  men,  are  essential  to  a  high  order  of  dis- 
cipline, and  especially  so,  when  they  are  required  to  protect  the 
lives  of  a  million  of  people  and  hundreds  of  millions  of  value  in 
property.  The  officers  were  paraded,  and  an  effort  made  to  im- 
press on  their  minds  the  duties  which  are  attached  to  their 
position,  and  how  to  discharge  such  duties ;  the  necessity  and  ad- 
vantage to  them  of  elevating  the  standard  of  a  police  officer,  and 
that  the  first  step  in  that  direction  was  for  the  officer  to  respect 
himself  and  the  uniform  he  wore  ;  that  obedience  to  orders  was 
the  first  rule  of  discipline ;  and  while  the  Chief  should  exact  im- 
plicit obedience  to  this  rule,  he  would  promptly  correct  any  unjust 
or  unreasonable  burdens  thrown  upon  them.  Strong  local  influ- 
ence might  appoint  a  man  on  the  force,  but  this  same  influence 
would  be  powerless  to  retain  him  if  he  proved  his  unfitness. 
Many  poor  fellows,  forgetting  this  admonition,  fell  by  the  wayside, 
entailing  upon  your  Honor  the  disagreeable  duty  of  displacing 
them  from  the  force  for  cause. 

"  Most  of  these  removals  were  made  in  the  early  days  of  your 
administration,  and  I  am  glad  to  note  that  latterly  it  is  but  seldom 
that  an  officer  forgets  himself  or  his  position,  and  compels  his  dis- 
charge thereby." 

During  the  year  1884  the  police  force  had  entailed 
upon  it  much  extra  duty,  all  of  which  was  cheerfully 
and  satisfactorily  performed.  Previous  to  the  4th  of 
July  of  that  year,  Chief  of  Police  Stewart  issued  a 
proclamation  giving  notice  that  the  firing  of  guns, 
pistols  and  fire-crackers  was  forbidden,  and  directing 
the  officers  to  see  that  this  order  was  carried  out. 
The  entire  police  force  was  placed  on  duty  on  the 
3d  and  4th  of  July,  and  the  day  and  night  passed 
quietly.  No  infractions  of  the  order  were  reported, 
no  accidents  occurred,  and  not  a  single  alarm  of  fire 
was  struck  during  the  day  and  night. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


235 


The  excitement  attending  upon  the  Presidential 
election  in  1884,  both  before  and  after  that  event, 
entailed  upon  the  force  the  duty  of  keeping  the 
streets  open  for  the  different  political  parades.  The 
first  one  of  importance  was  the  reception  tendered 
to  Mr.  James  G.  Elaine,  one  of  the  Presidential  can- 
didates. 

Speaking  of  this  event,  Chief  Stewart  said  : 

"  The  police  farce  suffered  from  adverse  criticism,  and  were  held 
to  blame  for  much  of  the  bad  management  which  attended  this 
gathering.  To  attach  the  blame  to  the  force  was  most  unjust. 
They  did  all  that  was  required  of  them.  The  difficulty  seemed  to 
be,  that  proper  information  as  to  what  was  required  of  the  officers 
was  not  given,  and  consequently  they  were  not  directed  to  do  what 
the  unthinking  public  expected  was  part  of  their  duty  to  do.  In 
all  subsequent  parades  of  either  party,  we  required  from  those  in 
charge  of  the  management  the  route  they  proposed  to  cover,  and 
the  department  made  its  own  disposition  of  its  .force,  and  as  a  re- 
sult we  gave  the  clubs  clear  streets,  and  in  every  instance  received 
from  marshals  in  charge  of  the  parades  their  acknowledgment  of 
the  satisfactory  police  arrangements.  The  management  of  such 
large  crowds  without  friction,  having  them  gather  and  disperse  in 
order,  without  a  single  complaint  being  made,  shows  that  the  offi- 
cers possess  in  a  large  degree  that  intelligence  and  coolness  which 
is  requisite  to  a  satisfactory  discharge  of  their  difficult  and  delicate 
duties." 

Following  the  November  election,  and  during  the 
days  of  uncertainty  attending  the  result,  the  excite- 
ment of  the  people  ran  high,  and  the  police  had  days 
and  nights  of  extra  duty  imposed  upon  them,  watch- 
ing the  temper  of  the  different  parties,  and  arresting 
at  the  first  sign  any  disorder,  that  it  should  not 
spread  and  grow  into  serious  trouble. 

In  Chief  Stewart's  second  annual  report,  made 
January,  1886,  he  speaks  of  the  excellent  work  per- 


236  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

formed  by  the  police  force  for  the  year  1885,  and  the 
inadequacy  of  the  number  of  men.  Among  other 
things,  he  said  : 

"  Our  city  continues  to  expand  in  area  and  our  population  in- 
creases, and  with  this  comes  the  appeal  from  property  owners  and 
renters  for  better  police  protection.  As  row  after  row  of  dwellings 
spring  up  in  our  outer  wards  the  necessity  arises  and  compels  us 
to  extend  the  beats  of  our  officers,  so  as  to  cover  as  best  we  can 
those  new  built-up  sections ;  but  in  doing  so,  we  weaken  the  local- 
ities where  the  present  number  of  policemen  were  provided  for  by 
Councils  to  cover,  and  fail  to  give  the  new  territory  the  protection 
it  demands.  In  fact  our  force  has  been  so  stretched  out  that  it 
might  keep  pace  with  the  city's  growth,  that  in  many  localities  our 
officers  are  made  to  cover  the  ground  which  it  would  require  four 
officers  to  properly  patrol,  and  justifies  the  stereotyped  cry  on  the 
part  of  angry  citizens,  Where  are  the  police  ?  Until  our  force  is 
augmented  somewhat  more  in  proportion  to  the  growing  wants  and 
needs  of  the  municipality,  we  must  content  ourselves  with  doing 
the  best  we  can  with  the  means  at  our  disposal.  That  we  are 
able  to  protect  the  citizen  in  his  person  and  property  so  well,  ar- 
gues most  strongly  in  favor  of  the  plea  Philadelphia  makes,  that 
her  citizens  as  a  class  are  exceptionally  law  abiding." 

There  have  been  two  annual  reviews  of  the  police 
force  under  Mayor  Smith,  the  first  on  October  4, 
1884,  and  the  second  on  November  7,  1885.  The 
soldierly  bearing,  neat  appearance  and  excellent  drill 
of  the  men  excited  universal  comment  and  applause 
from  the  thousands  of  citizens  who  lined  the  streets 
to  witness  the  display.  Leading  the  force  was 
General  Stewart,  the  chief,  mounted,  in  full  uniform, 
looking  every  inch  the  soldier  and  worthy  leader  of 
the  regiment  of  blue-coats.  There  have  also  been 
three  parades  of  the  department :  one  to  escort  the 
Liberty  Bell  out  of  the  city  when  it  was  sent  to  the 
New  Orleans  Exposition,  another  to  receive  it  on  its 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


237 


return,  and  a  third  on  November  27,  1886,  at  the  un- 
veiling of  the  Bartholdi  statue  of  "  Liberty  Enlight- 
ening the  World  "  in  New  York.  On  this  last  occa- 
sion 236  picked  men  were  sent  to  New  York  under 
command  of  Captain  Quirk.  There  was  not  a  man 
among  them  under  six  feet  in  height,  and  the  tallest 
was  six  feet  eight  and  one  half  inches.  Mayor  Smith 
marched  in  the  front  rank  with  his  men,  who  were 
assigned  the  position  of  honor  in  the  line,  marching 
at  the  head  of  the  column  of  the  police  division  in 
the  parade.  They  were  followed  by  the  Brooklyn 
detachment,  and  then  came  the  New  York  officers. 
As  the  Philadelphia  giants  appeared  in  view  they 
were  greeted  by  storms  of  applause  by  the  crowds 
along  the  streets.  When  they  passed  the  reviewing 
stand,  its  occupants  were  enthusiastic  in  their  praises 
and  applause  of  the  gallant  fellows.  An  official,  high 
in  police  power  in  New  York,  expressed  himself  em- 
phatically on  the  fine  appearance  of  Philadelphia's 
policemen  on  this  occasion.  "  Why,"  he  said,  "  I 
have  heard  nothing  but  '  Philadelphia  police'  since  !" 
Chief  Stewart  witnessed  the  parade  of  his  men  from 
the  street,  but  did  not  participate  in  it.  What  Gen- 
eral Stewart's  estimate  of  the  character  of  the  force 
is  may  be  learned  from  his  words  : 

"  I  claim  for  the  Philadelphia  police  force  that  a 
more  efficient  body  of  men  does  not  exist  in  any 
city  in  the  United  States.  Let  me  enumerate  some 
of  the  many  duties  they  are  called  upon  to  perform, 
and  their  various  qualities  of  both  head  and  heart. 
Despite  a  popular  and  decided  impression  to  the 
contrary,  a  Philadelphia  police  officer  is  a  hard- 
worked  and  underpaid  man.  At  each  and  every 


238  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

step  he  takes  he  has  some  rule  to  observe,  and  his 
situation  is  no  sinecure.  When  on  night-patrol  duty 
he  has,  in  the  first  place,  to  'try  his  doors.'  That 
is  to  say,  he  should  ascertain,  beyond  peradventure, 
that  no  aperture  through  which  a  thief  can  enter, 
whether  it  be  window,  door,  grating,  cellar  flaps,  coal 
chute,  etc.,  is  open  or  insecure.  According  to  the 
rules,  he  must  do  this  'frequently.'  Temptations 
beset  him  on  every  hand  in  the  shape  of  free  liquor 
and  cigars  at  every  saloon  on  his  beat,  provided  he 
returns  the  compliment  by  closing  his  eyes  to  viola- 
tions of  the  law.  He  may  have  this  monotony  dis- 
turbed by  a  tussle  or  two  with  refractory  prisoners. 
This  means  violent  walking  exercise,  varied  with 
wrestles,  blows,  kicks,  rolling  in  the  gutter,  and  a 
general  demoralization  by  the  time  the  prisoner  is 
landed  in  the  station-house.  This  is  the  routine  ar- 
rest, but  in  the  case  of  a  murderer  or  professional 
criminal  the  officer's  contact  with  deadly  weapons  is 
not  infrequent.  True,  in  the  daytime  he  is  not 
hampered  by  '  trying  doors,'  but  the  name  of  the 
different  street  '  ordinances,'  which  he  must  see  are 
properly  observed  and  enforced,  is  legion.  If  he  has 
been  on  night  duty,  he  is  relieved  at  6  A.M.,  and 
then  he  has  the  'day  off'  if  he  has  no  cases  in 
court — and  every  arrest  occasions  an  attendance  at 
court,  and  consequently  the  loss  of  time  when  '  off 
duty' — or  there  are  no  fires,  processions,  etc.  And 
it  is  very  seldom  that  something  does  not  demand  his 
attention  and  attendance.  At  6  P.M.,  after,  perhaps, 
three  or  four  hours'  sleep,  he  begins  another  six 
hours  of  duty.  When  a  man  joins  the  force  he  must 
make  himself  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  police  law, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  239 

the  laws  of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  the  laws  and 
ordinances  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  together  with 
the  rules,  regulations  and  orders  of  the  Mayor  and 
Chief,  and  their  powers  and  privileges  under  the 
same.  How  much  a  man  can  learn  about  them  dur- 
ing the  first  six  months  of  his  service  on  the  force  is 
a  matter  for  debate.  Few  of  the  superior  officers 
of  the  force  claim  to  thoroughly  understand  them ; 
and  some  of  the  best  lawyers  are,  at  times,  at  fault 
in  regard  to  them.  Then  there  are  'points'  on 
which  he  must  be  well  primed  in  regard  to  the 
Sunday  law  and  prevention  of  cruelty  to  children  and 
animals  laws." 

"  Do  not  blame  him,  therefore,  if  he  sometimes, 
now  and  then,  makes  a  mistake.  He  is  but  human. 
Have  some  consideration  for  the  fact  that  while  you 
are  warm  and  comfortable  in  bed,  or  enjoying  your- 
self by  your  fireside,  he — no  matter  how  bitterly  cold, 
how  stormy — must  pace  his  weary  round.  No  class 
of  men  fall  from  grace  less  frequently  than  policemen, 
and  none  are  more  quickly  detected,  while  the  story 
of  their  short-comings  is  given  unusual  publicity. 
They  have  a  justifiable  pride  in  maintaining  good 
order.  They  take  a  personal  interest  in  it  and  are 
an  honorable,  intelligent  and  straightforward  body  of 
men,  keenly  alert  at  all  times." 

"Their  associate  and  commander  for  three  years, 
my  first  acquaintance  has  ripened  into  friendship, 
which,  on  my  part,  at  least,  wi!4  last  as  long  as  I  live. 
I  have  found  them  obedient  without  being  servile ; 
tractable  and  honest,  courteous  and  uncomplaining. 
Their  politeness,  in  fact,  has  called  forth  the  highest 
encomiums  from  strangers  in  our  city.  No  enquiry 


24o  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

is  ever  turned  aside ;  but  a  pleasant  and  polite  an- 
swer is  invariably  given  to  every  question,  and  visit- 
ors say  they  do  not  always  receive  like  treatment 
outside  of  Philadelphia.  Almost  every  member  of 
the  force  is  married  and  has  a  family,  and  tries  with 
the  limited  pay  received— one-third  less  than  that 
paid  for  less  service  in  other  large  cities — to  bring 
his  children  up  in  a  decent  and  respectable  manner. 
Each  man  must,  according  to  the  rules,  devote  his 
whole  time  and  attention  to  the  business  of  the  de- 
partment, and  is  expressly  prohibited  from  following 
any  other  calling  or  being  employed  in  any  other 
business.  As  long,  therefore,  as  a  man  remains  a 
police  officer,  he  has  no  opportunity  for  making  a 
provision  against  a  rainy  day." 

"The  need  of  a  pension  fund  has  been  the  most 
crying  one  of  the  department's  history.  Under  the 
new  charter  this  is  provided  for ;  but  the  fund  upon 
which  it  is  charged,  namely,  two  per  cent,  of  the  of- 
ficers' salaries,  is,  to  begin  with,  paltry,  and  the  limi- 
tation to  $300  per  annum  for  the  highest  pension  is 
nearly  as  ridiculous  as  the  amount  of  the  lowest, 
namely,  $75.  Look  at  New  York.  The  pension 
upon  which  the  late  superintendent,  George  W. 
Walling,  retired  after  forty  years  of  honorable  and 
efficient  service,  and  still  in  the  full  power  of  a  vig- 
orous manhood,  although  over  sixty  years  of  age,  is 
larger  than  the  actual  salary  of  the  Chief  of  Police 
of  Philadelphia.  The .  captains  there  who  hold  the 
same  rank  as  our  lieutenants  are  pensioned  at  $1000, 
only  $92  less  than  their  Philadelphia  brethren's  sal- 
aries. Their  sergeants  draw  $750,  and  their  patrol- 
men $550.  That  is  their  statutory  rate.  In  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


241 


matter  of  withholding  a  percentage  of  pay,  the 
New  York  force  has  had  trouble,  the  courts  deciding 
it  illegal,  and  I  doubt  if  we  can  lawfully  compel  a 
policeman  to  bank  2  per  cent,  of  his  salary  with  the 
city,  for  his  old  age  or  his  family's  need  at  his  death, 
particularly  when  an  officer  must  have  served  five 
years  in  order  to  receive  the  benefit  allotted.  The 
thing  ought  to  be  gone  at  in  a  broad  spirit,  as 
the  Federal  government  provides  it,  and  a  special 
appropriation  made  annually  of  sufficient  money  to 
keep  these  men  from  want  when  old  or  disabled, 
and  their  families  from  starvation,  in  case  of  their 
death  resultant  from  the  discharge  of  their  duty." 

"  To  an  appropriation  by  councils  might  be  added 
the  fines  for  dereliction  from  duty  now  paid  by  the 
men,  and  left  in  the  city  treasury,  the  city  thereby 
making  a  direct  pecuniary  gain  by  a  policeman's  mis- 
demeanor. Fines  for  the  infraction  of  various  ordi- 
nances which  the  police  have  to  detect  and  punish, 
might  also  be  paid  into  this  fund,  as  is  done  in  other 
cities,  and  the  enforcement  of  the  ordinances  would 
be  stricter  if  such  were  the  case  here.  Philadelphia 
has  a  standing  army  just  as  the  United  States  has, 
and  the  city  should  take  care  of,  and  be  proud  of  it. 
Other  large  cities  in  this  country  and  Europe  have 
a  police  pension  fund,  and  this  city  has  more  reason 
than  almost  any  other  to  be  proud  of  its  force  and  to 
realize  that  it  gets  the  most  work  for  the  least 
money." 

"In  square  miles  of  territory  the  Philadelphia  po- 
liceman covers  more  than  four  times  as  much   as  his 
New  York    brother.      His  pay  and    allowances    for 
clothing  are    nearly  one-third    less,  and  in    number 
16 


242  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

there  are  nearly  three  policemen  in  New  York  to 
one  here.  And  since  we  are  most  proud  of  institu- 
tions that  are  strictly  local,  we  should  be  essentially 
proud  of  the  force,  for  five-sixths  of  it  is  Philadel- 
phia born.  Perhaps  it  is  for  this  reason  that  the 
men  have  a  feeling  of  common  citizenship  with  all 
the  better  classes  with  whom  they  are  brought  in 
contact,  and  that  they  are  the  most  courteous,  pains- 
taking and  patient  officers  in  the  country.  I  think 
it  is  because  they  feel  that  they  represent  the  city. 
Their  dangers  and  their  exposures  it  is  not  neces- 
sary to  recount.  Everybody  knows  what  they  are, 
but  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  few  people  give  them,  as 
a  whole,  more  than  a  passing  thought.  It  is  rarely 
that  a  policeman  gets  credit  for  any  good  action  and 
his  faults  are  magnified  by  every  one.  He  has  to 
exercise  constant  care  and  a  keen  discretion,  for  in 
the  case  of  any  false  arrest  among  the  hundreds 
made  in  a  day,  it  will  immediately  recoil  upon  the 
department  and  upon  himself  through  the  newspa- 
pers and  through  the  courts.  His  courage  must  be 
of  the  intelligent  kind,  for  he  generally  is  called 
upon  for  the  individual  exercise  of  it,  and  does  not, 
like  the  soldier,  respond  mechanically  to  the  com- 
mand of  an  officer." 

"  Citizens  do  not  seem  to  realize  that  in  buying  a 
policeman's  time,  they  purchase  perchance  neither 
his  life  nor  limb  nor  health.  That  is  the  officer's 
misfortune,  and  to  no  small  percentage  it  is  certain 
to  come.  To-day,  sickness  or  injury  is  a  financial 
loss  to  the  unfortunate  policeman  alone ;  the  city 
pays  only  for  actual  services  performed,  and  the 
used-up  man  receives  no  aid  nor  comfort  from  his 


JOSEPH  W.  THOMPSON, 
Clerk  to  Chief  of  Police. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


245 


employer.  The  merchant  or  manufacturer  who 
would  treat  his  employes  in  such  a  manner  when 
suffering  from  injury  or  sickness  contracted  as  a  re- 
sult of  heroic  efforts  in  the  performance  of  duty 
would  not  find  a  welcome  among  honorable  business 
men.  Remember,  a  policeman  is  always  'on  duty' 
and  carries  his  life  in  his  hand  ;  of  the  numerous  ex- 
amples of  this  the  historian  has  made  mention  else- 
where." 

"The  police  get  a  very  small  amount  of  the  credit 
which  they  deserve,  and  I  am  sure  the  citizens  of 
Philadelphia,  when  made  aware  of  the  facts,  will 
gladly  co-operate  with  the  force  in  placing  the  police 
pension  'fund  upon  a  substantial  business  basis,  which 
upon  the  2  per  cent,  plan,  provided  for  by  act  of  the 
Legislature  and  ordinance  of  Councils,  cannot  be 
accomplished." 

Joseph  W.  Thompson,  clerk  to  the  Chief  of  Police, 
was  born  in  Paisley,  Scotland,  on  the  28th  of  April, 
1846,  and  came  to  the  United  States  when  eight 
years  of  age,  in  September,  1854,  and  has  lived  in 
Philadelphia  since  that  time.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  and  began  to  learn  the  trade  of 
silk  hat  finishing  with  Thomas  M.  Freeland.  In 
April,  1863,  being  then  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  en- 
listed in  the  Union  Army  and  served  eleven  months 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  honorably 
discharged  for  disability  contracted  in  the  service,  in 
the  month  of  March,  1864.  Returning  home  he  re- 
entered  the  employ  of  Mr.  Freeland,  finished  his 
trade,  and  with  the  same  employer  learned  the  busi- 
ness of  a  furrier.  In  1871  he  went  into  the  hat  busi- 
ness for  himself  on  Second  Street,  above  Girard 


246  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Avenue,  where  he  remained  until  the  election  of 
Mayor  Smith,  when  he  was  tendered,  and  accepted, 
the  position  of  clerk  to  the  Chief  of  Police.  Mr. 
Thompson  is  a  member  of  Post  No.  160,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.  He  was  elected  and  served 
one  term  as  a  school  director  in  the  board  of  the 
Seventeenth  Section. 

Inspection  Clerk  William  F.  Fell,  whose  office  was 
created  by  Councils  at  Mayor  Smith's  request,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  October  14,  1850.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Park  Avenue  Grammar  School. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen,  young  Fell,  having  shown 
considerable  talent  for  drawing  and  lettering,  en- 
tered into  business  with  his  father,  who  was  engaged 
in  ornamental  painting  and  sign-lettering.  This 
was  congenial  to  his  taste,  and  he  made  rapid  prog- 
ress in  the  business,  being  soon  entrusted  by  his 
father  with  the  exclusive  control.  Mr.  Fell  early 
took  an  active  interest  in  politics,  always  casting  his 
vote  with  the  Republican  party.  In  1868  he  con- 
nected himself  with  the  Republican  Invincibles,  a 
political  organization  composed  of  young  and  active 
Republicans.  His  business  training  and  progressive 
spirit  were  at  once  recognized,  and  he  was  elected 
corresponding  and  recording  secretary,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee.  Mr.  Fell  was  also 
made  secretary  of  the  campaign  committee  of  that 
organization  during  the  Smith-King  contest  for  the 
mayoralty  in  1884.  He  held  a  clerkship  in  the  office 
of  receiver  of  taxes,  Albert  C.  Roberts,  and  in  1881, 
when  John  Hunter  became  receiver,  he  reappointed 
Mr.  Fell,  with  enlarged  duties  and  responsibilities. 
When  Mayor  Smith  was  inaugurated  he  tendered 


WILLIAM  F.  FELL, 
Inspection  Clerk. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  249 

the  position  of  inspection  clerk  to  Mr.  Fell,  who  has 
performed  all  the  varied  duties  of  the  office  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Mayor,  and  the  business  men  with 
whom  he  has  come  in  contact. 

Among  the  reforms  introduced  by  Mayor  Smith 
was  the  system  of  keeping  records  of  all  applications 
for  appointments  in  the  police  department ;  the  in- 
spection and  examination  of  all  work  for  the  differ- 
ent station  and  patrol  houses  ;  the  equipment  of  the 
officers ;  the  sanitary,  sleeping  and  cell  arrange- 
ments ;  the  construction  of  new  buildings,  and  alter- 
ation of  old  ones  ;  the  supplies  for  the  department, 
and  other  details  connected  with  the  administration. 
To  do  this  is  Inspection  Clerk  Fell's  duty.  He  keeps 
the  Mayor  fully  advised  daily  of  all  the  business 
transacted.  Every  application  for  appointment  to 
the  police  force  made  to  the  Mayor  passes  through 
his  hands.  While  he  has  filled  the  position  of  in- 
spection clerk,  135  patrol-signal  boxes  have  been 
erected,  and  eight  patrol  stations  established,  cover- 
ing fourteen  wards  of  the  city,  and  30^2  square  miles 
of  territory,  which  has  added  largely  to  the  inspec- 
tion clerk's  duties.  He  has  suggested  many  im- 
provements in  the  police  and  patrol  services,  which 
were  adopted  by  Mayor  Smith  and  been  of  benefit 
to  the  city. 

The  detective  department,  as  a  distinctive  branch 
of  the  Philadelphia  police  system,  was  organized, 
under  ordinance  of  Councils,  October  28,  1859,  with 
Joseph  Wood  as  Chief  of  Detectives,  of  whom  a 
sketch  has  already  been  given  in  this  volume.  He 
held  that  position  something  over  two  years,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Benjamin  Franklin.  During  Mr.  Frank- 


250  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

lin's  time  as  Chief  of  Detectives  occurred  the  first 
case  in  which  a  prisoner  was  returned  to  Saxony  un- 
der the  Extradition  Treaty  with  the  United  States. 
In  July,  1863,  a  very  important  arrest  was  made  in 
this  city,  of  a  German  calling  himself  I.  P.  Singer, 
but  who  was  afterwards  identified  as  Traugott  Mil- 
ler, a  fugitive  from  Saxony,  charged  with  forgery  in 
that  country  a  few  years  before.  A  number  of  hear- 
ings of  the  defendant  were  had  before  a  magistrate 
at  the  office  of  the  Chief  of  the  Detectives'  depart- 
ment, and  finally  the  case  was  transferred  to  the 
United  States  authorities.  On  application  of  Baron 
Von  Gerolt,  the  resident  minister  of  Saxony  at 
Washington,  Judge  Cadwallader  remanded  the  pris- 
oner to  his  custody.  Arrangements  were  made  to 
return  him  to  Saxony,  and  an  officer  of  the  detec- 
tive department  was  detailed  for  that  purpose.  He 
arrived  safely  with  his  prisoner  at  Hamburg,  and 
delivered  him  to  the  Saxon  authorities,  who  met 
him  there. 

Chief  of  Detectives  Franklin,  owing  to  illness,  was 
compelled  to  discontinue  the  discharge  of  his  duties 
in  1866,  and  J.  Henry  Bulkley  was  detailed  to  act 
in  his  stead.  Mr.  Bulkley  discharged  the  duties  of 
acting  chief  of  the  detective  department  of  police 
for  several  months,  when  John  Lamon  was  ap- 
pointed head  of  that  department.  He  was  in  turn 
followed  by  Joseph  Eneu  as  chief,  and  in  August, 
1869,  John  Kelly  succeeded  to  the  office.  In  No- 
vember, 1871,  the  office  of  Chief  of  Detectives  was 
abolished  by  ordinance  of  Councils.  Chief  of  Police 
Mulholland  had,  however,  by  direction  of  Mayor 
Fox,  before  that  time  assumed  control  of  that  de- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


251 


partment.  Under  Mayor  Stokley's  administration 
an  officer  was  assigned  to  perform  the  duty,  but  on 
May  i,  1875,  Captain  William  R.  Heins,  who  was 
then  directing  the  operations  of  the  detectives,  was 
relieved  of  the  charge  of  the  department,  and  the 
detective  officers  were  placed  under  the  immediate 
directions  of  Chief  of  Police  Jones. 

One  of  the  oldest  and  best  known  detective  of- 
ficers in  the  city  died  in  November,  1886.  This  was 
Edward  K.  Tryon.  He  was  born  in  Bridgeport, 
Ct,  in  1825,  and  when  quite  a  young  man  removed 
with  his  family  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  resided  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death.  Shortly  after  the  election 
of  Mayor  Henry,  he  appointed  Mr.  Tryon  a  patrol- 
man in  the  nth  Police  District,  Kensington,  and 
shortly  afterwards  promoted  him  to  the  position  of 
sergeant.  He  was  also  assigned  to  do  special  ser- 
vice at  police  headquarters.  In  January,  1872, 
Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  one  of  the  city  detec- 
tives, which  position  he  continued  to  hold  up  to 
March  10,  1882,  when  Mayor  King  reorganized  the 
department  by  dispensing  with  the  services  of  all  the 
old  corps  and  filling  their  places  with  men  from  the 
ranks. 

During  the  same  year  he  and  George  W.  Jackson 
opened  a  detective  agency  on  Walnut  Street,  above 
Eighth,  under  the  firm  name  of  Tryon  &  Jackson, 
which  was  dissolved  early  in  1886.  Mr.  Tryon  was 
instrumental  in  securing  the  arrest  and  conviction 
of  some  of  the  most  noted  criminals  in  the  country. 
About  twenty  years  ago,  when  Revenue  Officer 
Charles  Brooks  was  shot  by  Hugh  Mara  in  a 
bonded  warehouse,  at  Front  and  Lombard  streets, 


252  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

he  and  late  Joshua  Taggart  succeeded,  after  much 
difficulty,  in  arresting  the  accused. 

During  the  summer  of  1886,  Mr.  Tryon  had  charge 
of  the  police  at  Bay  Ridge,  a  resort  on  the  Chesa- 
peake Bay.  During  the  late  war  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Henry  Guards. 

The  detective  department  of  Philadelphia,  as  at 
present  constituted,  consists  of  eight  detective  of- 
ficers, assisted  by  officers  assigned  to  special  duty  in 
the  several  police  districts.  Some  of  these  are  as- 
signed as  occasion  requires  to  the  detective  head- 
quarters, which  are  located  at  Fifth  and  Chestnut 
streets.  The  present  chief  of  detectives  is  Francis 
R.  Kelly. 

While  effective  work  was  undoubtedly  done  by 
the  Central  Office  detectives  under  regimes  preced- 
ing Mayor  Smith's,  still  it  was  done  without  method 
and  without  a  directing,  responsible  head.  The  lack 
of  the  latter  had  long  been  felt.  Perhaps  in  no 
other  department  of  the  whole  scope  of  those  who 
deal  with  crime  and  criminals  is  professional  jealousy 
so  rife  as  among  the  detectives.  While  this  feeling 
may  add  incentive  to  their  work  it  undoubtedly  in- 
terferes with  the  effectiveness  of  the  department,  in- 
asmuch as  it  engenders  personal  animosities  among 
the  men,  a  state  of  affairs  which  is  not  only  destruc- 
tive of  discipline,  but,  when  two  or  more  men  are  de- 
tailed on  one  case,  provocative  of  a  clashing  of  aims 
and  interests.  As  soon  as  practicable  after  Mayor 
Smith's  inauguration,  a  system  for  the  reorganization 
and  systematizing  of  this  branch  of  the  service  was 
planned  by  the  Mayor  and  chief.  The  first  move 
looking  to  this  end  was  the  appointment  of  a  re- 


FRANCIS   R.  KELLY, 
Chief  of  Detectives. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


255 


sponsible  head.  The  office  of  Chief  of  Detec- 
tives having  been  abolished  by  Councils,  that  posi- 
tion could  not  consequently  be  filled  technically. 
It  was,  in  reality,  by  the  assignment  of  Lieutenant 
Francis  R.  Kelly,  of  the  Twenty-second  Police  Dis- 
trict, on  June  21.  1884,  to  the  Central  Office,  with 
the  nominal  title  of  acting  Chief  of  Detectives.  On 
the  last  day  of  that  year  he  resigned  his  position  as 
lieutenant,  and  Detective  Harry  Wolf  was  appointed 
his  successor.  Mr.  Kelly  was  assigned  to  the  va- 
cancy caused  by  the  transfer  of  Detective  Wolf,  but 
still  retaining  the  position  of  acting  chief  of  the 
detective  department.  This  make-shift  was  made 
necessary  by  the  dilatoriness  of  Councils  in  restor- 
ing the  office  of  Chief  of  Detectives.  Mayor  Smith 
and  Chief  of  Police  Stewart  felt  that  Mr.  Kelly's 
service  was  indispensable  to  the  efficiency  of  the 
department,  but  at  the  same  time  they  were  averse 
to  leaving  the  Twenty-second  District  without  a 
responsible  head.  It  was  not  until  January  i,  1886, 
that  Mr.  Kelly  received  his  commission  of  Chief  of 
Detectives,  and  then  it  was  accompanied  by  the  fol- 
lowing letter: 

January  i,  1886. 
F.  R.  KELLY,  Esq., 

Acting  Chief  of  Detectives, 

Sir:  Councils  having  created  the  office  of  Chief  of  Detectives, 
I  take  pleasure  in  tendering  you  that  appointment,  and  in  so  do- 
ing desire  to  acknowledge  the  loyal,  zealous  and  efficient  work 
of  your  department  during  the  past  year,  which  is  alike  credita- 
ble to  yourself  and  your  force.  You  will  suggest  in  writing  any 
recommendations  which  you  may  deem  of  benefit  to  your  service, 
and  the  special  officers  acting  therewith. 

Yours  Truly, 

WILLIAM  B.  SMITH, 

Mayor. 


256  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Before  recounting  the  reforms  effected  in  the 
service  by  this  officer  a  brief  sketch  of  his  life  and 
professional  career  will  be  of  interest. 

Chief  Kelly  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  on 
December  15,  1847,  but  came  to  Philadelphia  when 
a  lad.  After  receiving  a  good  education  in  this  city 
he  engaged  in  the  business  of  house-painter  and 
grainer,  which  he  followed  to  the  time  of  his  entering 
the  police  department.  He  was  appointed  patrol- 
man by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and 
assigned  to  duty  in  the  district  of  which  he  was 
afterwards  lieutenant.  It  was  not  long  before  he 
had  an  opportunity  for  a  display  of  the  detective 
ability  of  which  he  was  possessed.  At  this  time 
there  were  a  large  number  of  illicit  distilleries  in 
operation  in  this  city,  and  Officer  Kelly  was  detailed 
to  ferret  them  out  in  conjunction  with  the  Secret 
Service  officers  of  the  Government.  Through  his 
individual  efforts  a  number  of  the  illicit  distillers 
were  arrested  and  their  establishments  seized  by  the 
Government  officers.  His  efficient  work  in  these 
cases  made  such  a  favorable  impression  on  Chief 
Brooks,  of  the  Secret  Service  of  the  Government, 
that  when  that  official  shortly  afterwards  started  on 
a  campaign  against  the  violators  of  the  revenue  laws 
in  the  South  and  West,  he  applied  to  Mayor  Stokley 
and  obtained  a  leave  of  absence  for  Officer  Kelly, 
who  accompanied  and  aided  him  materially  in  the  in- 
vestigations of  the  gigantic  frauds  practised  by  dis- 
tillers against  the  Government,  which  were  directly 
instituted  at  the  instance  of  President  Grant. 
Jointly  they  discovered  that  the  Government  was 
being  defrauded  by  the  collusion  of  revenue  officials 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


257 


with  the  distillers  of  $29,000  a  week.  Over  half  a 
million  dollars  worth  of  "  crooked  "  liquor  was  seized, 
and  a  number  of  distillers  were  arrested  by  Officer 
Kelly  and  his  chief  and  convicted  by  evidence  col- 
lected by  them. 

When  he  returned  from  this  expedition  he  was 
promoted  to  the  sergeantcy  of  his  old  district,  and 
shortly  thereafter  was  made  its  lieutenant.  While 
serving  in  this  capacity  he  was  instrumental  in  cap- 
turing and  breaking  up  a  notorious  gang  of  burglars 
who  had  been  operating  in  different  parts  of  the 
city.  Twenty-one  robberies  were  traced  to  them. 
The  receiver  of  their  plunder  was  also  arrested,  but 
subsequently  abandoned  his  bail  and  left  the  country. 
Lieutenant  Kelly  also  secured  the  arrest  and  convic- 
tion of  three  men  who  had  assaulted  a  young  woman 
in  Monument  Cemetery.  For  the  skill  displayed  in 
this  case  he  received  a  highly  commendatory  letter 
from  District  Attorney  Furman  Sheppard,  which 
was  endorsed  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  by  his  order 
was  read  before  the  officers  of  the  several  districts 
comprising  the  Fourth  Police  Division. 

At  the  request  of  Chief  Brooks  Mr.  Kelly  again 
left  the  municipal  service  and  re-entered  the  Secret 
Service  for  the  purpose  of  securing  evidence  against 
the  opium  smugglers  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  was 
assigned  to  duty  in  San  Francisco,  and  after  a  year's 
hard  work  he  succeeded  in  effectually  breaking  up 
that  traffic  for  the  time  being.  While  on  this  sta- 
tion he  made  a  perilous  journey  to  the  lava  beds 
near  Eureka,  California,  for  the  purpose  of  unearth- 
ing a  gang  of  counterfeiters.  He  secured  a  mass  of 
evidence  against  the  band,  and  effected  the  capture 
17 


258  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

of  their  chief,  whom  he  took  to  San  Francisco,  where 
he  was  tried,  convicted  and  sentenced  to  three  years 
in  San  Quentin.  After  accomplishing  the  work  on 
the  Pacific  coast  to  which  he  had  been  assigned 
Operative  Kelly  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict under  the  direction  of  Chief  Operative  Drum- 
mond,  with  headquarters  at  New  York.  While 
attached  to  this  station  he  was  introduced  into  the 
"  West  Side  "  gang  of  counterfeiters,  and  while  asso- 
ciating with  them  under  the  guise  of  a  criminal, 
collected  a  great  quantity  of  evidence  against  Matt 
Rooney,  the  leader,  and  ten  other  members  of  the 
gang,  which  eventually  led  to  their  arrest  and  con- 
viction. The  success  he  achieved  in  this  work  in 
New  York  caused  his  transfer  to  this  city,  which  at 
that  time  was  being  flooded  with  spurious  bank- 
notes. With  the  assistance  of  other  officers  he 
secured  the  conviction  of  William  Robinson,  alias 
"  Gopher  Bill,"  "  Colonel "  Sherman  and  several 
other  members  of  the  most  expert  band  of  counter- 
feiters that  ever  operated  in  this  vicinity. 

He  remained  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
until  April  7,  1884,  during  which  time  he  performed 
valuable  work  in  different  parts  of  the  country. 
While  this  effective  work  advanced  Operative  Kelly 
in  the  estimation  of  his  superiors,  and  placed  him  in 
a  position  for  promotion,  he  concluded  that  em- 
ployment that  would  enable  him  to  remain  at  home 
with  his  family,  even  if  it  held  forth  less  prospect  of 
reward  and  glory,  would  be  preferable.  So  when 
Mayor  Smith  tendered  him  a  position  as  police 
lieutenant,  he  immediately  sent  his  resignation  to 


r"  ^  fr  -  ^  ^^ . tftfH 


CHIEF  KELLY  IN  HIS  PRIVATE  OFFICE. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  261 

Chief   Brooks  and   received   the  following   letter  in 
reply  : 

UNITED  STATES  TREASURY  DEP'T, 
Secret  Service  Division, 

Office  of  Chief, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  April  16,  1884. 
MR.  F.  R.  KELLY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA., 

Dear  Sir :  The  tendering  of  your  resignation,  to  take  effect  at 
the  close  of  the  day  on  April  7,  has  been  received. 

You  leave  the  service  at  a  moment  when  promotion  awaited  you, 
yet  I  do  not  regret  your  act,  because  you  re-enter  a  service  in  which 
you  won  distinction,  and  received  deserved  promotion,  and  for 
which  I  think  you  are  pre-eminently  adapted ;  while  in  the  secret 
service  of  the  United  States  Government  you  have  been  equally 
faithful  and  reliable,  rendering  intelligent  service. 

The  best  wishes  of  the  whole  Division  go  with  you  for  your 
health  and  success.  Your  resignation  is  accepted,  to  take  effect  on 
the  date  above  "indicated. 

Very  truly  yours, 

JAMES  J.  BROOKS, 

Chief. 

Upon  assuming  charge  of  the  detective  depart- 
ment Chief  Kelly  saw  that  its  powers  for  usefulness 
would  be  greatly  enhanced  by  having  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  special  officers  of  the  various  districts. 
He  logically  reasoned  that  their  familiarity  with  the 
inhabitants  and  the  ins  and  outs  of  the  territory  to 
which  they  were  assigned  would  make  them  valuable 
auxiliaries,  both  in  the  way  of  furnishing  information 
as  to  the  movements  of  criminals,  and  in  operating 
in  conjunction  with  Central  Station  officers  on  im- 
portant cases.  In  past  years  the  special  officers  had 
been  working  independently  of  the  detective  de- 
partment, and  as  a  natural  consequence  they  often 
clashed,  and  instead  of  aiding  they  frequently  hin- 


262  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

dered  each  other  in  the  attainment  of  results  for 
which  they  were  both  working.  These  collisions 
not  only  retarded  the  course  of  justice,  but  engen- 
dered petty  jealousies,  which  did  more  than  all  other 
causes  put  together  to  destroy  the  effectiveness  of 
the  entire  detective  service. 

Chief  Kelly  was  quick  to  see  the  great  accruing 
advantage  of  reconciling  these  two  branches  of  the 
service,  and  immediately  set  about  the  work  of  ac- 
complishing .this  end.  This  was  brought  about  by 
the  simple  method  of  making  the  specials  an  arm  of 
the  detective  service.  While  before  they  had  simply 
reported  crimes  occurring  in  their  districts  to  their 
lieutenant,  under  the  new  order  of  things  they  were 
required  to  report  in  writing  or  in  person  to  the  head 
of  the  detective  department,  and  instead  of  work- 
ing on  big  crimes  independently  of  the  Central  Office 
men,  where  it  is  deemed  necessary,  one  or  more  of 
the  latter  are  assigned  to  work  with  them.  Under 
the  present  system  the  specials  report  at  10  o'clock 
each  morning  to  Chief  Kelly,  and  these  reports  are 
carefully  registered  and  preserved  for  reference. 
While  the  specials  still  make  their  daily  reports  to 
their  lieutenants  in  addition  to  those  rendered  to 
Chief  Kelly,  the  latter  is  empowered  to  assign  them 
to  such  work  as,  in  his  judgment,  they  are  best 
fitted  for.  It  has  been  found  by  a  year's  experience 
that  under  this  system  the  men  work  to  better  ad- 
vantage, and  more  harmoniously  than  under  the  old 
slipshod  system  of  "  every  man  for  himself." 

There  was  still  another  innovation  made  by  Chief 
Kelly  that  has  proved  perhaps  more  effective  than 
any  other  in  keeping  the  city  clear  of  marauding 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  263 

criminals  from  other  cities,  and  of  incursions  by  or- 
ganized bands  of  "  Knucks "  and  burglars.  This 
was  the  organization  of  a  secret  service  force  com- 

o 

posed  of  a  few  men,  who  are  acquainted  with  nearly 
all  the  expert  criminals  of  the  higher  grades  through- 
out the  country.  The  connection  of  these  men  with 
the  department  is  only  known  to  Chief  Kelly  and 
Chief  Stewart,  as  they  never  figure  in  the  hearings 
or  trials  of  men  arrested  through  their  instrumen- 
tality. Their  identity  is  concealed  from  even  the 
members  of  the  detective  department.  All  of  the 
railroad  stations  are  closely  watched  by  them,  and 
few  outside  criminals  can  enter  the  city  without 
being  immediately  spotted.  Their  presence  is  at 
once  reported  to  Chief  Kelly  and  a  shadow  is  placed 
on  their  movements.  If  the  visitors  are  found  con- 
sorting with  the  local  criminals  or  act  at  all  suspi- 
ciously, they  are  quietly  warned  to  leave  town  by  the 
earliest  train,  and  if  they  ignore  this  warning  they 
are  immediately  taken  into  custody.  They  are 
given  a  hearing  before  a  magistrate,  and  on  their 
reputation  as  professional  criminals  being  established 
by  the  detectives  or  others,  they  are  committed,  under 
a  special  law,  to  the  county  prison  for  ninety  days. 
As  a  general  thing,  however,  they  do  not  ignore  the 
warning,  but  quietly  leave  town,  and  nothing  more  is 
heard  from  them,  in  this  jurisdiction  at  least.  This 
method  of  dealing  with  visiting  criminals  is  simple, 
but  has  proved  a  very  efficacious  one.  The  profes- 
sional criminal  act  is  often  used  in  dealing  with  local 
thieves  as  well  as  foreign.  When  a  series  of  crimes, 
similar  in  their  mode  of  perpetration,  take  place  in 
the  city,  every  effort  is  first  made  to  discover  the  per- 


264  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

petrators,  but  where  detectives  fail  in  locating  the 
cause  they  resort  to  the  next  best  thing  by  stopping 
the  effect.  For  example,  when  a  series  of  burglaries, 
all  similar  in  the  method  of  their  commission,  have 
taken  place,  and  the  detectives  fail  in  discovering 
the  burglars,  they  closely  examine  and  analyze  the 
method  by  which  the  crimes  were  committed.  In 
this  way  they  can  determine  whether  the  burglaries 
were  committed  by  "chumps,"  or  men  new  to  the 
business,  or  by  men  of  more  or  less  experience.  As 
a  general  thing,  the  exact  class  to  which  the  criminal 
or  criminals  belong  can  be  determined.  The  local 
burglars  and  their  methods  are  of  course  known  to 
the  department,  and  nine  times  out  of  ten  the  detec- 
tives can  tell  who  the  controlling  spirit  is  that  directs 
the  operations  of  the  actual  perpetrators  of  the 
crimes.  It  is  a  simple  equation  and  one  easily 
solved.  When  the  detectives  have  identified  the 
work  as  probably  having  been  directed  by  some  well- 
known  local  burglar,  but  are  still  unable  to  fasten  the 
crime  on  him  by  direct  evidence,  he  is  arrested  under 
the  professional  criminal's  act  and  "  sent  below  "  for 
ninety  days.  •  When  .the  officers  have  made  a  correct 
diagnosis  the  burglaries  stop,  but  in  justice  to  them 
it  can  be  said  that  when  events  show  that  they  were 
wrong  they  are  the  first  to  exert  their  influence  in 
procuring  the  release  of  the  prisoner.  It  is  only  in 
very  isolated  cases,  however,  that  they  are  wrong  and 
when  this  expedient  is  resorted  to  it  generally  proves 
successful. 

By  a  judicious  use  of  the  secret  service  and  of  the 
special  law  relating  to  professional  criminals,  Chief 
Kelly  has  done  more  to  purify  the  city  of  the  crimi- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  265 

nal  classes  than  was  ever  effected  by  any  other  line 
of  policy.  In  outlining  his  course  at  the  beginning 
of  his  administration,  Chief  Kelly  declared  that  he 
believed  that  the  prevention  of  crime  was  as  much  the 
duty  of  a  detective  officer  as  the  arrest  of  the  perpe- 
trators of  criminal  acts.  At  the  same  time  the  latter 
branch  of  the  business  was  not  neglected,  and  by 
the  knowledge  gleaned  through  the  espionage  of  the 
regular  force  as  well  as  the  secret  service  officers,  of 
the  methods  and  movements  of  crooks,  he  has  been 
enabled  to  secure  the  arrest  and  conviction  of  a  large 
number  of  dangerous  criminals.  In  this  category 
appear  the  names  of  Rufe  Minor,  George  Carson, 
Gussie  Raymond,  Charles  Crane,  alias  Commiskey, 
and  several  other  "  bank  sneaks,"  who  stand  in  the 
first  rank  of  their  profession. 

One  of  Chief  Kelly's  improvements  upon  his  in- 
duction into  the  office  was  a  change  in  the  mode  of 
keeping  the  rogues'  gallery.  A  large  walnut  cabinet, 
designed  and  patented  by  Police  Detective  Sergeant 
Thomas  Adams  of  New  York,  was  procured. 
Within  the  case,  which  stands  about  five  feet  high, 
are  ten  walnut  racks,  which  are  pivoted  at  the  side, 
and  open  like  the  leaves  of  a  large  photograph 
album.  The  ten  leaves  will  hold  two  thousand  card 
photographs  arranged  in  rows  of  ten  pictures,  or 
one  hundred  to  each  page,  or  two  hundred  to  the 
leaf.  On  the  back  of  each  card  is  the  name  of  the 
individual,  with  points  concerning  his  personality. 
Burglars,  counterfeiters,  forgers,  highwaymen,  pick- 
pockets, jewellery  or  "pennyweight"  thieves,  bank- 
thieves,  etc.,  etc.,  are  arranged  together  under  appro- 
priate headings.  An  index  is  kept,  giving  the  num- 


266  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

her  of  each  portrait,  with  the  name,  age,  height, 
marks  and  other  particulars  of  the  personal  appear- 
ance of  the  criminal.  This  gallery  is  quite  a  feature 
of  the  detectives'  office. 

To  enumerate  and  give  in  detail  the  many  exciting 
and  interesting  criminal  cases  with  which  he  has 
been  officially  connected,  and  to  set  out  the  doings 
of  criminals  illustrious  in  infamy,  who  have  been 
brought  to  justice  by  Chief  Kelly,  would  alone  fill  a 
volume.  A  few  are  given  here,  without  elaboration. 
In  his  "Recollections  of  a  New  York  Chief  of 
Police,"  Ex-superintendent  Walling  has  made  prom- 
inent mention  of  Chief  Kelly  and  his  experiences  in 
this  connection. 

In  the  month  of  August,  1885,  counterfeit  silver  dollars  were 
being  foisted  upon  the  unsuspecting  tradesmen  of  Atlantic  City. 
An  attempt  was  made  to  pass  some  of  the  bogus  coins  upon  a  cer- 
tain grocer  there,  who  suspected  the  money  and  called  in  Marshal 
Holland  to  arrest  the  three  men  by  whom  it  was  proffered.  The 
grocer  held  on  to  one  of  them,  who  turned  out  to  be  John  Hanna, 
but  one  of  the  others  wore  steel  knuckles,  and  the  marshal  was 
beaten  off  and  two  of  the  counterfeiters  escaped  at  that  time. 
The  marshal  was  badly  hurt  and  was  put  under  medical  treatment. 
The  men  who  got  away  were  Harry  Sharp  and  Charles  Gilcley. 

Hanna,  who  was  captured  by  the  grocer,  was  recognized  as  an 
ex-convict  by  the  name  of  Mack,  who  had  served  a  term  of  impris- 
onment for  counterfeiting.  The  hat  of  one  of  the  others,  Gildey, 
was  found  where  he  had  dropped  it,  in  the  woods,  in  his  flight,  to- 
gether with  $7  of  the  counterfeit  coin.  Detective  Bell  of  the 
United  States  Secret  Service,  stationed  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  invoked 
the  aid  of  Detective  Scanlon  of  this  district  to  capture  the  fugi- 
tives, and  together  they  conferred  with  Chief  Kelly,  who  under- 
took to  aid  them  in  their  search. 

Chief  Kelly  and  his  men  soon  located  one  of  the  counterfeiters 
at  No.  3218  Lancaster  Avenue.  Special  officers  Anderson  and 
Walker,  of  the  Seventeenth  District,  took  this  man,  who  was 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  267 

Charles  Gildey,  into  custody,  When  arrested  he  had  $12  of  the 
spurious  money  on  his  person,  which  he  tried  to  throw  away,  but 
was  prevented. 

Just  about  the  same  time  Chief  Kelly  and  Detective  Bond  saw 
Harry  Sharp,  the  leader  of  the  counterfeiters,  at  Fifth  and  Market 
streets,  and  took  him  into  custody.  He  had  then  in  his  possession 
a  water-pitcher  and  soup-tureen  intended  to  be  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  coin.  He  resisted  arrest,  and  struck  Chief  Kelly  a 
stinging  blow  with  his  fist,  but  he  was  soon  behind  the  bars  at  the 
Fourth  District  Station-House,  where  he  gave  the  name  of  Brown. 
Chief  Kelly,  aided  by  detectives  Bond  and  Miller,  made  night 
searches'  in  Camden,  and  finally  unearthed  Sharp's  workshop. 
The  house  in  which  it  was  located,  and  where  Sharp's  wife  lived, 
was  drearily  situated  in  a  street  not  far  from  Cooper's  Creek.  It 
was  late  at  night  when  the  search  ended,  and  resulted  in  the  dis- 
covery of  a  quantity  of  counterfeiting  tools,  plaster  of  Paris 
moulds,  and  the  like.  Sharp  pretended  to  be  the  agent  of  a  St. 
Louis  firm,  and  Gildey,  who  was  formerly  a  huckster,  was  said  to 
have  been  a  member  of  the  McNulty  gang. 

On  a  wet,  dismal  morning,  the  gth  of  December,  1885,  Chief 
Kelly  was  sitting  in  his  office,  when  a  messenger  entered  and  in- 
formed him  that  four  men  were  acting  in«a  suspicious  manner  at 
Juniper  and  Chestnut  streets,  where  is  located  the  Keystone  Bank. 
The  chief  started  up  the  street,  and  as  he  neared  the  bank,  he 
noticed  four  men,  one  at  each  corner  of  the  intersecting  streets, 
standing,  apparently,  to  seek  shelter  from  the  rain.  Two  of  the 
men  Chief  Kelly  recognized  at  a  glance,  the  recognition  being 
mutual.  One  was  Rufe  Minor,  the  noted  New  York  bank  sneak, 
who  has  before  been  mentioned  in  this  connection,  and  the  other 
was  George  Corson.  Who  the  other  two  were,  the  chief  had  no 
opportunity  to  see,  as,  when  the  crooks  saw  him,  unmindful  of  the 
rain,  the  whole  party  broke  and  ran.  The  leader  of  the  party 
being  Rufe  Minor,  he  it.  was  whom  Chief  Kelly  pursued.  Up 
Chestnut  Street,  past  the  Mint,  around  the  corner  of  Broad,  fled 
Minor  with  Chief  Kelly  in  hot  chase.  The  fugitive  ran  toward  the 
public  buildings  and  passed  through  the  doorway,  the  chief  only  a 
few  rods  behind.  Minor,  who  is  short  and  stout,  was  pretty  well  ' 
out  of  breath,  and  as  he  rushed  along  the  corridor  he  perceived 
the  pillars  in  the  entry  leading  to  the  treasurer's  department.  He 
darted  behind  these,  hoping  to  throw  the  chief  off  his  track.  The 


268  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

detective  saw  his  movement  and  followed  after.  Minor  dodged 
from  one  pillar  to  another,  until  at  last  the  detective  drew  his  pis- 
tol and  told  him  he  would  shoot  unless  he  surrendered,  when  the 
unlucky  crook  came  out  at  once.  As  soon  as  he  regained  his 
breath  he  begged  to  be  released.  He  assured  the  chief  that  he 
had  not  been  doing  anything  wrong  in  this  city,  and  in  fact  had 
just  started  out  of  New  York  on  a  tour.  The  chief  however  took 
him  to  the  Central  Station,  where  he  was  searched.  In  his  pocket 
was  found  a  pass-book,  with  two  one-dollar  bills  between  the 
leaves,  placed  as  a  man  about  to  make  a  deposit  in  bank  ar- 
ranges bills. 

A  bank  thief's  method  of  operating  is  to  go  to  a  bank  during 
business  hours,  and  fall  into  line  in  front  of  the  paying  teller's 
window,  book  in  hand.  A  confederate  is  in  line  immediately  be- 
hind him,  and  two  more  usually  stand  by  to  cause  trouble  in  case 
an  attempt  is  made  to  catch  the  thief.  He  watches  some  man 
receiving  a  quantity  of  money,  and  while  the  recipient  is  counting 
it  over,  taps  him  on  the  shoulder  and  makes  some  inquiry,  or  calls 
his  attention  to  a  bill  on  the  floor,  which  has  been  dropped  for  the 
purpose.  While  the  gentleman  is  replying  or  stooping  to  pick  up 
the  bill,  the  thief's  confederate  seizes  a  quantity  of  bills.  Then  a 
break  is  made  for  the  door,  and  the  men  are  out  of  sight  before 
the  victim  has  recovered  from  his  surprise.  This  game  is  Mi- 
nor's specialty,  and  has  been  played  by  him  in  different  parts  of 
the  country  with  varying  success. 

Minor  received  an  excellent  business  training,  and  is  so  well 
posted  in  matters  of  trade  and  finance,  as  to  be  able  to  hold  a 
bank  president  or  cashier  in  conversation  while  his  pals  are  secur- 
ing the  available  cash.  He  was  a  business  man  of  good  standing, 
is  an  expert  book-keeper,  and  generally  well  educated. 

Early  in  the  summer  of  the  year  1884,  Philadelphia  and  vicinity 
was  flooded  with  counterfeit  $5,  $10  and  $50  bank-notes,  and  al- 
though the  Secret  Service  men  of  the  United  States  Government 
were  diligent  in  their  search  for  the  counterfeiters,  they  were  un- 
successful until  June  5th  of  that  year,  when  Secret  Service  Agent 
Kelly  (now  Chief  of  Detectives)  and  Agent  Gilkinson  arrested 
William  H.  Robinson,  "  Gopher  Bill,"  and  a  confederate.  Early 
in  their  investigations,  agents  Kelly  and  Gilkinson  learned  after 
much  difficulty,  that  the  men  "  shovers  of  the  queer  "  in  this  city, 
were  operating  with  the  assistance  of  persons  in  Baltimore. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


269 


Every  train  and  boat  arriving  in  this  city  from  Baltimore  was, 
therefore,  watched.  A  few  days  previous  to  the  arrest  Secret  Ser- 
vice agents  Kelly  and  Gilkinson,  who  were  stationed  at  the  dock 
of  the  steamers  from  Baltimore,  saw  Frederick  Unneck  and  Jo- 
seph Lock  get.  off  of  a  steamer  from  that  city.  Unneck  was 
known  to  be  a  man  whose  character  was  bad,  and  therefore  he 
was  followed,  in  the  expectation  that  his  visit  to  this  city  might 
throw  some  light  upon  the  matter  in  which  the  Secret  Service 
agents  were  interested.  The  belief  did  not  prove  ill-founded. 

The  men  walked  slowly  down  Delaware  Avenue,  and  a  few 
blocks  below  the  landing  they  were  met  by  Robinson,  better 
known  as  "  Gopher  Bill."  The  trio  conferred  together  for  a  few 
minutes,  when  "  Gopher  "  handed  the  other  men  a  package. 

"  Gopher  Bill,"  a  celebrated  criminal,  with  long  white  hair  and 
a  fatherly  face,  was  well  known  to  the  Secret  Service  men,  and 
their  suspicions  were  confirmed ;  but  he  was  allowed  to  go  his  way 
unmolested  for  a  time,  but  Unneck  and  Lock  were  closely 
watched.  They  were  followed  from  place  to  place  around  the 
city,  in  and  out  of  drinking  saloons  and  stores,  where  they  made 
small  purchases,  paying  in  every  case  with  genuine  money. 

Finally  the  Baltimoreans  boarded  a  train  at  the  Broad  Street 
Station  for  home.  Unconscious  of  evil  from  the  two  harmless- 
looking  men  who  sat  back  of  them,  the  intended  circulators  of 
counterfeit  money  enjoyed  their  cigars  in  peace  as  the  train  sped 
along  toward  their  destination. 

Baltimore  was  reached,  when  the  men  bade  each  other  good-by 
and  were  about  to  separate,  whei>  the  heavy  hands  of  their  watch- 
ers were  placed  on  their  shoulders.  All  was  up;  their  game  was 
ruined.  When  they  were  searched  in  a  station-house  in  Balti- 
more, it  was  found  that  the  bundle  they  had  obtained  from  "  Go- 
pher Bill  "  contained  $620  in  counterfeit  ten-dollar  bills  of  the 
issue  of  the  Muncy  (Penna.)  National  Bank,  five  $50  counterfeit 
notes  of  the  Central  National  Bank  of  New  York,  and  $200  in 
counterfeit  silver  coins. 

While  the  Baltimore  contingent  had  been  safely  placed  behind 
the  bars,  the  counterfeiters  in  Philadelphia  were  still  at  large  and 
required  attention.  The  clew  however  was  discovered  in  "  Go- 
pher Bill."  He  was  seen  in  company  with  a  respectable  looking 
man,  who  was  unknown  to  the  detectives.  This  man  was  Alfred 
L.  Hubbard,  who  lived  in  a  quiet  way  with  his  wife  at  No.  632 


270  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

McKean  Street.  The  two  men  were  closely  watched  by  the  Se- 
cret Service  agents.  They,  however,  in  some  manner  had  heard 
of  the  arrest  of  their  comrades  in  Baltimore,  and  grew  cautious  in 
their  operations.  The  house  occupied  by  Hubbard  was  visited. 
In  a  closet  in  a  back  room  were  found  twenty-five  packages  of 
counterfeit  Bland  and  trade  dollars,  and  eight  packages  of  half 
dollars,  amounting  in  all  to  $900.  Hubbard  was  taken  into  cus- 
tody, and  two  days  later  "  Gopher  Bill  "  was  arrested  at  Twelfth 
and  Cuthbert  streets. 

"Philadelphia,"  said  Chief  Kelly  recently,  "is  comparatively 
free  from  the  presence  of  the  more  important  criminals  and 
the  commission  of  the  more  daring  crimes.  Petty  thieving 
goes  on,  and  there  are  fights  and  robbing  affrays,  as  there  will 
be  till  prohibition  succeeds  as  abolition  did  ;  but  great  bank  or 
store  or  house  robberies,  heavy  forgeries,  and  such  murders  as 
those  committed  by  Langfeldt  or  Arthur  Spring,  are  happily  now 
infrequent  in  our  midst.  The  close  watch  kept  upon  notable 
criminals  is  recognized  by  these  foes  of  society.  They  know  that 
this  department  aims  to  get  down  to  the  leaders,  to  those  who 
organize  gangs  and  figure  out  work  for  them  ;  such  men,  for  in- 
stance, as  'Western  Charley,'  George  Howard,  Hughes,  and 
many  others  so  long  at  large,  but  arrested  by  this  department,  and 
now  restrained  from  doing  harm,  and  put  where  they  can  do  most 
good,  under  the  mild  discipline  of  the  Eastern  Penitentiary, 
whither  they  have  retired  for  long  terms  of  years.  This  has 
brought  about  the  result  referred  to.  It  has  had  its  effect  upon 
others  of  the  same  class,  in  convincing  them  that  the  climate  of 
Philadelphia  is  unhealthy  for  gentlemen  of  their  peculiar  tempera- 
ment. 

"  What  makes  criminals,  and  how  to  deal  with  them,  are  two  of 
the  most  intricate  problems  of  social  science.  Their  own  good 
should  be  considered  as  well  as  that  of  society,  and  how  to  pro- 
vide for  the  one  without  overlooking  the  other  has  taxed  severely 
the  thinking  powers  of  both  legislators  and  philanthropists.  The 
solitary  confinement  system  of  punishment  has  its  advantages  and 
disadvantages.  That  there  are  things  which  criminals  dread  more 
than  what  is  called  solitary  confinement  here,  is  apparent  from  the 
frequent  requests  of  convicts  about  to  be  sentenced,  to  be  sent  to 
the  Eastern  Penitentiary,  rather  than  the  county  prison.  My 
ov.n  views  are  founded  less  upon  theory,  I  think,  than  upon  obser- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


271 


vation.  I  have  noticed  that  when  a  man  is  convicted  of  crime, 
especially  of  any  crime  against  the  rights  of  property,  he  usually 
commits  another  offence  within  a  short  period  of  his  release  from 
prison.  He  serves  his  term,  is  released,  goes  back  into  the.  world, 
and  philanthropy  says  :  'Ah,  poor  fellow,  he  has  been  taught  a 
lesson.'  So  he  has  ;  often  a  hard  one.  But  has  he  profited  by 
it  ?  Does  he  reform  and  lead  an  honest  life  ?  On  the  contrary, 
he  returns  to  his  old  associates,  if  he  had  any  ;  if  not  he  finds 
some,  and  it  is  not  long  till  he  re-enters  the  prison  for  the  second 
time  a  convict.  Therefore  I  am  brought  to  the  conclusion  that 
while  existing  prison  systems  are  useful  to  society  by  keeping 
dangerous  men  where  they  can  do  no  mischief,  they  are  of  little 
use  to  the  criminal.  I  see  that  they  restrain  him  ;  I  cannot  see 
that  they  reform  him.  Records  kept  in  this  office  show  as  many 
as  eight  convictions  of  the  same  criminal,  and  it  is  the  work  of 
one  officer  to  keep  the  records  of  offenders'  terms  of  imprisonment, 
and  attend  the  quarter  sessions,  daily  to  enlighten  the  court  upon 
the  past  of  ex-convicts  returned  for  trial. 

"  But  philanthropy  may  long  rack  its  brain  in  search  for  a  cure 
for  crime;  it  would  find  much  more  satisfactory  results  from  study- 
ing the  prevention  of  its  many  causes  ;  such  as  defective  training, 
evil  companions,  mental  incapacity,  bad  temper,  strong  drink, 
grinding  poverty,  and,  for  persistency  in  crime,  difficulty  in  retriev- 
ing lost  character,  which  a  somewhat  extended  observation  has  led 
me  to  name  as  some  of  the  chief  causes  of  crime.  I  might  add  to 
them  two  others,  which  I  have  found  prolific  in  bad  fruit :  difficulty 
in  obtaining  employment,  and  carelessness:  carelessness  on  the 
part  of  owners  of  property,  who  leave  temptation  in  the  way  of  the 
needy,  from  the  housekeeper  who  leaves  the  day's  wash  unguarded 
on  the  lines  and  the  back  gate  open,  to  the  board  of  bank  directors 
who  trust  blindly  their  own  property  and  that  of  others  to  the  fal- 
sified books  of  some  cashier,  as  needy  in  his  way  as  the  tramp  that 
robbed  the  clothes  lines  in  his.  To  these  causes  I  might  add  an- 
other :  the  opportunity  to  dispose  of  stolen  goods,  readily  and  with- 
out fear  of  detection  or  betrayal.  In  Paris  all  the  pawnbrokers' 
shops,  for  example,  are  under  the  direct  control  of  government 
officials.  Here  they  are  not;  and 'while  many  pawnbrokers  are 
honest  men,  there  are  exceptions,  as  in  all  other  businesses. 

"  With  all  these  causes,  and  others  too  numerous  to  mention, 
continually  operating  to  produce  crime,  the  plan  from  which  this 


272  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

department  has  chiefly  reaped  its  success  has  been  to  keep  crim- 
inals under  surveillance  ;  to  know  their  haunts,  habits,  associates 
and  lines  of  work.  As  each  man  follows  some  one  branch  of  in- 
dustry, so  do  criminals  follow  some  one  branch  of  crime.  The 
bank  robber  is  not  a  pickpocket ;  the  forger  will  not  break  into 
your  house  at  midnight ;  the  burglar,  if  you  give  him  any  show  to 
get  away,  will  leave  his  plunder  behind  rather  than  murder  you. 
Thieves  have  different  ways  of  thieving. 

It  is  the  business  of  the  detective  to  familiarize  himself  with  the 
different  methods,  and  those  who  employ  them,  as  well  as  with  the 
faces  and  personal  appearance  of  criminals,  so  that  when  he  learns 
that  a  house  has  been  entered  in  a  certain  way,  or  a  silly  country- 
man has  been  done  out  of  his  cash  by  a  certain  confidence  trick, 
he  can  say  to  his  chief :  '  That  is  Big  Charlie's  or  Dutch  Jake's 
way  of  working.  I  saw  the  one  on  South  Street  last  night ;  or  I 
met  the  other  at  Broad  Street  Station  )'esterday;  he  will  probably 
be  found  at  So-and-so's  saloon.'  And  the  detective  accompanied 
by  his  mate  drops  in  there,  and  the  stolen  property  is  traced  to 
Big  Charley,  or  the  victim  identifies  Dutch  Jake,  who  gets  a  more 
or  less  light  sentence,  and  the  police  have  to  be  on  the  watch  for 
him  again." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


273 


CHAPTER    XI. 

THE  DETECTIVE  OFFICERS. 

DETECTIVE  HOUSER  AND  THE  $IO  NOTE. — PETER  MIL- 
LER TAKES  SNELL  OUT  OF  A  MINING  CAMP  AND 
COMES  UP  WITH  ONE  OF  THE  LORD  BOND  ROBBERS. 
— "  SIDE  PARTNERS  "  BOND  AND  DONAGHY. — HULFISH 
AND  THE  "  MOLLIES  " — CRAWFORD  AMONG  THE 
"RANGERS" — ECKSTEIN'S  SERVICE. — WORK  OF  OFFICER 
TATE. — THE  "  MURDER  DETECTIVE."— MINTZHOUSER 
RUNS  DOWN  GIUSSEPPE  DAVINO. — VETERAN  JOHN 
WEIR. — THE  BANK  AND  VAGRANT  DETECTIVES*  DU- 
TIES.— THE  TERROR  OF  HORSE  THIEVES. 

A  GOOD  detective's  memory  is  a  rogues'  gallery  in  itself,  there- 
fore Central  Station  has  more  rogues'  galleries  than  the  city  could 
find  frames  for,  since  all  Chief  Kelly's  men  are  picked,  and  have 
by  their  merits  as  thief-takers  retained  their  places,  despite  politi- 
cal mutations  and  the  constant  machinations  which  on  the  best 
regulated  force  are  constantly  in  operation  against  the  men  who 
have  attained  the  position,  enviable  in  patrolmen's  eyes,  of  detec- 
tives. It  is  no  light  praise  to  say  of  the  present  force  that  their 
honesty  has  never  been  called  in  question.  Neither  is  it  so  much 
of  a  reflection  upon  former  establishments,  for  if  they  fell  in  some 
instances  it  was  because  their  posts  were  the  most  difficult  to 
maintain  in  honor  of  any  class  of  public  and  private  service.  The 
detective  sees  other  men  get  rich  by  stealing.  He  remains  poor 
by  being  honest.  His  temptations  are  stronger  than  any  other 
man's,  for  if  he  takes  a  bribe  and  reports,  nothing  in  a  case,  who 
shall  find  him  out  ?  Thieves  have  been  known  to  "  squeal "  on 
their  detective  "pals,"  but  never  unless  the  latter,  growing  reck- 
less, unnecessarily  annoy  them.  It  is  well  then  to  begin  the 
record  of  the  detectives  with  the  history  of  a  man  whose  honor 
18 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

was  stainless  at  a  time  when  that  of  many  of  his  associates — none 
of  whom  are  now  on  the  force — was  plentifully  besmirched. 

Detective  JOSEPH  HOUSER  was  born  in  the  old  district  of 
Northern  Liberties,  now  a  portion  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  March 
4,  1842.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
Co.  I,  goth  Reg't  Penn.  Vols.,  and  served  for  two  years,  when  on 
account  of  having  been  three  times  severely  wounded  he  was  hon- 
orably discharged.  After  remaining  at  home  a  short  time  to  re- 
cover his  health  he  again  enlisted  as  First  Sergeant  in  Co.  E, 
2i3th  Reg't  (yth  Union  League),  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Morton  Mc- 
Michael,  on  February  8,  1866,  and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Tenth 
District,  where  he  served  until  March  4,  1869,  when  on  account  of 
a  change  of  administration  he  resigned  from  the  force. 

He  was  reappointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  12, 
1872,  and  resumed  duty  in  the  Tenth  District.  Here  he  acted  as 
special  officer  for  a  considerable  part  of  the  time,  and  was  fre- 
quently employed  at  the  Central  Station  on  important  cases. 
While  under  Mayor  McMichael  he  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Henry  Guards. 

While  serving  in  the  Tenth  District,  Officer  Houser  rendered 
valuable  assistance  in  securing  evidence  against  the  writers  of 
lottery  policies,  and  the  keepers  of  gambling  houses,  and  also  was 
one  of  the  principal  witnesses  against  the  proprietor  of  a  low 
variety  theatre,  at  Tenth  and  Callowhill  streets,  where  the  can-can 
was  danced  nightly  before  audiences  made  up  mostly  of  minors. 
He  was  appointed  a  special  officer  at  police  headquarters  October 
10,  1875,  ar)d  assigned  to  detective  duty.  While  acting  in  this 
capacity  he  made  a  number  of  important  arrests  and  secured  testi- 
mony that  led  to  the  conviction  of  several  dangerous  criminals. 
Among  these  was  Elizabeth  Dasch,  a  notorious  confidence  opera- 
tor, who  went  among  Germans  of  moderate  circumstances,  and  by 
representing  that  she  had  drawn  a  large  prize  in  the  lottery,  in- 
duced them  to  advance  all  the  money  they  had  or  could  borrow  to 
prosecute  her  claims,  some  of  them  pawning  their  clothing  and 
jewellery  to  procure  the  necessary  funds,  for  which  she  promised  a 
large  return.  She  was  tried,  convicted  and  sentenced  April  26, 
1876,  to  three  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Catherine  Cline, 
a  notorious  abortionist,  who  had  long  plied  her  trade  at  No.  517 
Vine  Street,  was  brought  to  justice  through  his  instrumentality, 


ROGUES'  GALLERY. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


277 


and  was  sentenced  June  23,  1876,  to  an  imprisonment  of  three 
years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

In  the  summer  of  1877,  a  gentleman  named  John  Heacock  of 
Jenkintown,  Pa.,  had  his  pocket  picked  on  a  Fifth  and  Sixth 
street  car.  Mr.  Houser  was  on  the  car,  and  after  being  informed 
'  of  the  robbery  recollected  f.he  suspicious  movements  of  three  men, 
who  got  off  hurriedly  before  the  loss  was  discovered.  Shortly 
after,  he  recognized  a  man  in  the  dock  at  the  Central  Station, 
charged  with  another  offence,  as  one  of  the  party,  when  he  was 
approached  by  another  person,  and  requested  to  meet  him  at  a 
saloon  near  by ;  after  reporting  the  facts  to  the  Mayor,  he  visited 
the  place  appointed,  and  was  handed  ten  dollars,  when  he  imme- 
diately arrested  the  giver.  It  was  Albert  Parker,  who,  together 
with  John  Manderfield,  the  man  in  the  dock,  was  tried  for  the 
larceny,  and  they  were  each  sentenced  to  an  imprisonment  of  five 
years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  by  Judge  Biddle,  who  warmly 
commended  Officer  Houser  for  his  actions. 

With  the  opening  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  and  the  influx  of 
strangers,  complaints  multiplied  at  the  Central  Station,  and  Officer 
Houser  was  detailed  for  clerical  work  June  5,  1876,  which  position 
he  has  occupied  up  to  the  present  time.  His  time  is  fully  en- 
grossed in  recording  the  complaints  of  those  robbed,  preparing 
and  having  printed  descriptions  of  stolen  property  for  the  purpose 
of  notifying  pawnbrokers  and  dealers;  entering  up  minutely  the 
descriptions  of  persons  missing  from  their  homes,  and  telegraph- 
ing the  same  to  the  various  station-houses  ;  registering  the  reports 
of  the  operations  of  the  detective  officers ;  keeping  a  record  of  all 
telegrams  sent  or  received  by  the  department,  and  conducting  a 
voluminous  correspondence  with  the  authorities  of  other  cities. 
Being  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  German  language,  he  has 
also  been  very  useful,  not  only  in  receiving  the  complaints  and 
listening  to  the  grievances  of  the  large  number  of  that  nationality 
who  appear  at  police  headquarters,  but  also  in  acting  as  interpreter 
for  the  magistrate's  court  at  the  Central  Station,  where  a  fair 
proportion  of  both  defendants  and  witnesses  are  Germans.  In 
recognition  of  his  services  in  this  particular,  Mayor  King  promoted 
him  to  be  a  detective  officer,  November  20,  1883,  and  he  has  been 
continued  in  that  position  by  the  present  Mayor,  still  acting,  how- 
ever, as  the  clerk  of  the  detective  department. 

Detective  PETER  MILLER,  one  of  the  brightest,  most  ener- 


278  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

getic  and  untiring  officers  in  the  detective  department,  was  born  in 
Lancaster  City,  Pennsylvania,  in  October,  1843.  In  !866  he  was 
appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  McMichael,  and  served  in  that 
position  until  June  17,  1869,  when  he  resigned.  When  William 
S.  Stokley  became  Mayor  in  January,  1872,  he  was  made  sergeant 
of  the  Tenth  Police  District. 

In  May,  1876,  at  the  opening  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  he 
was  appointed  lieutenant  in  charge  of  the  Centennial  Division  of 
police.  Lieutenant  Miller  remained  in  this  position  for  eighteen 
months,  when  the  Centennial  Division  having  been  disbanded,  he 
returned  to  his  post  as  sergeant  of  the  Tenth  District. 

In  March,  1882,  he  was  appointed  a  detective  at  the  Central 
Police  Station  by  Mayor  King. 

During  his  connection  with  the  Centennial  Division  in  1876  he 
arrested  Isabella  McClain  and  Maggie  Pooler,  for  the  murder  of 
J.  A.  Canfield.  These  women  were  "  clairvoyants,"  and  had  their 
headquarters  at  the  "  Fish  House,"  at  Forty-first  and  Elm  avenues. 
To  this  place  they  enticed  J.  A.  Canfield,  and  administered  mor- 
phine to  him  to  such  an  extent  that  he  died. 

The  women  were  from  Boston,  and  were  known  to  the  police  of 
that  city  as  having  been  guilty  of  the  same  class  of  crimes  there. 
Isabella  McClain  was  convicted  Dec.  8,  1876,  and  sentenced  to 
seven  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary,  where  she  died  before  the 
expiration  of  her  term.  Maggie  Pooler  was  acquitted  and  sent  to 
Boston  to  answer  a  similar  charge  there. 

During  the  month  of  October  of  the  centennial  year,  a  com- 
plaint was  made  by  the  Centennial  Commissioners  that  counterfeit 
money,  to  a  considerable  amount,  had  been  taken  at  the  gate  at 
Belmont  and  Elm  avenues.  Lieutenant  Miller  stood  at  this  gate 
for  five  days  in  citizen's  dress,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  arrested 
Wm.  Harvey.  On  searching  him  he  found  on  his  person  between 
three  and  four  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  counterfeit  money  in  one 
dollar  and  fifty  cent  pieces.  Harvey  was  convicted  and  sentenced 
on  Nov.  25,  1876,  to  four  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On 
March  22,  1882,  Detective  Miller  arrested  Eugene  V.  Clad  at  No. 
608  Arch  Street,  for  mutilating  United  States  gold  coin  ($20  and 
$10  pieces)  by  sawing  and  filling.  Clad  was  convicted,  and  sen- 
tenced to  two  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On  July  28, 
1882,  he  arrested  Harry  Rodgers,  Thos.  Van  Fossen,  alias  Foster, 
and  Perry  Howe,  for  larceny  of  silks,  buttons  and  other  articles 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


279 


from  the  place  of  business  of  Rudolph  Blankenberg,  No.  16  Bank 
Street.  These  men  were  counterfeiters  and  burglars,  and  had 
served  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  both  offences  ;  they  were 
convicted  Aug.  10,  1882,  and  sentenced  to  three  years  each  in  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary. 

About  Oct.  i,  1882,  Messrs.  Geo.  McCreary,  Walter  Wood  and 
Rudolph  Blankenberg,  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred,  called 
on  Mayor  King  and  asked  that  a  detective  be  sent  to  Colorado 
to  locate  and  arrest  Prince  A.  Snell,  who  was  charged  with  per- 
jury and  conspiracy  in  connection  with  the  Philadelphia  Alms- 
house  frauds.  Detective  Miller  was  assigned  to  this  duty,  and  on 
the  5th  of  October  he  left  Philadelphia  for  Colorado.  He 
reached  his  destination  on  October  9,  and  immediately  proceeded 
to  the  Hortense  mines,  where  Snell  was  reported  to  be.  After 
watching  for  him  for  five  days  on  Princeton  Mountain,  Miller 
succeeded  in  arresting  his  man,  as  Snell  was  going  over  the 
mountain  on  horseback  to  the  mines.  Detective  Miller  took  his 
prisoner  to  Buena  Vista,  where  it  was  learned  that  the  miners 
were  arming,  preparatory  to  entering  the  town  to  rescue  him. 
Snell  sent  word  to  them  that  he  was  willing  to  go  East,  and  that 
they  were  to  disband.  He  was  given  a  hearing  and  placed  un- 
der twenty  thousand  dollars  bail  to  await  a  requisition  from 
Pennsylvania,  on  the  receipt  of  which  the  court  at  Buena  Vista 
turned  him  over  to  Detective  Miller.  At  this  time  it  was  learned 
that  another  conspiracy  to  rescue  Snell  was  forming ;  this  he 
again  prevented,  and  on  October  20  they  started  for  Philadelphia, 
arriving  here  on  October  28,  when  Snell  was  given  a  hearing  and 
placed  under  five  thousand  dollars  bail.  The  case  was  not  tried. 

On  May  21,  1883,  Detective  Miller  arrested  Georgianna  Price, 
at  Eleventh  and  Market  streets.  This  woman  had  been  tried 
for  attempting  to  kill,  by  shooting,  George  Hayes,  and  had  been 
sent  to  the  Norristown  Insane  Asylum,  from  which  place  she  had 
escaped,  and  was  then  following  Hayes  for  the  purpose  of  shoot- 
ing him.  She  was  returned  to  the  Asylum.  He  arrested,  on 
July  25,  1883,  Lillian  Peabody,  George  Rankin  and  Charles 
Wesner  for  perjury,  and  defrauding  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment by  means  of  forged  pension  papers,  on  which  they  had  pro- 
cured eighteen  hundred  dollars.  The  woman  was  used  as  a  wit- 
ness against  the  others,  and  afterward  discharged.  The  men  were 
each  sentenced  to  pay  $1000  fine,  and  to  two  years  imprisonment 


2go  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Rankin  is  an  old  criminal,  and  is  now 
-a  fugitive  from  justice.  He  was  known  as  a  professional  bail- 
goer  around  the  criminal  courts  of  Philadelphia.  Wesner  is  an 
old  thief  and  counterfeiter,  has  served  twenty-five  years  in  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary  on  different  sentences,  and  is  one  of  the 
best  known  counterfeiters  in  the  country. 

On  January  16,  1885,  Detective  Miller  arrested  Henry  Robin- 
son, alias  "  Poodle  Murphy,"  and  Jas.  Watson,  alias  "  Pretty 
Jimmy."  These  are  two  notorious  pickpockets  from  New  York. 
A  number  of  complaints  had  been  received,  and  the  detective 
department  had  reason  to  suppose  that  these  men  were  plying 
their  vocation  here.  Detective  Miller  arrested  them  at  Broad 
Street  Station.  "  Poodle  Murphy  "  was  sentenced  to  four  years 
and  six  months,  and  "  Pretty  Jimmy  "  to  four  years  in  the  East- 
ern Penitentiary.  On  June  5,  1885,  he  arrested  Howard  Ran- 
dolph, alias  "Mash  Market  Jake,"  and  George  Thompson,  alias 
"  Phillie "  Pearson,  at  Sixteenth  and  Chestnut  streets.  These 
men  are  well-known  bank  sneaks,  and  were  acting  in  a  suspicious 
manner  at  the  bank  at  Juniper  and  Chestnut  streets.  They  were 
convicted  under  the  professional  thieves'  law  and  sent  to  prison. 
"  Mash  Market  Jake  "  is  serving  a  term  of  ten  years  in  Sing  Sing 
Prison,  N.  Y.,  at  the  present  time  for  forgery,  and  Pearson  is 
serving  a  term  of  five  years  at  the  same  place.  On  May  10,  i886? 
Miller  arrested  "  Gussie  "  Raymond  at  Third  and  Chestnut  streets 
for  working  the  banks.  Raymond  is  considered  to  be  one  of  the 
smartest  bank  sneaks  in  the  country.  He  is  a  "  pal  "  of  Rufe 
Minor  and  George  Carson,  alias  "  Little  George."  These  men 
are  well  known  throughout  the  Provinces  of  Canada,  as  well  as 
in  the  United  States,  as  expert  bank  sneaks.  On  May  22,  1886, 
he  arrested  Prof.  J.  Romaine  for  fortune-telling.  This  man  was 
a  professional  fraud,  and  known  as  the  "  king  "  of  the  fortune- 
tellers. His  daily  income  averaged  $50.  He*  was  convicted  and 
sentenced  to  eighteen  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  This 
was  the  first  conviction  for  fortune-telling  under  the  laws  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Miller  earned  the  blessings  of  all  women  who  go  shopping  by 
arresting,  on  June  n,  1886,  Chauncey  Johnson,  at  Broad  and 
Chestnut  streets  for  stealing  cabas.  He  was  at  one  time  one  of 
the  most  expert  bank  sneaks  in  the  country,  and  was  the  associate 
of  "  Dutch  "  Heinrick  and  Dan  Noble.  In  1862  he  came  to  this 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  281 

city  from  New  York,  and  took  $1500  from  the  Bank  of  North 
America,  for  which  he  was  sent  to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  under 
the  name  of  G.  Dusenberry.  Three  years  later  he  returned  to 
New  York,  and  with  Noble  robbed  Daniel  Lord,  a  New  York 
merchant,  of  nearly  $1,000,000  in  bonds  and  cash,  and  as  the 
thieves  were  not  discovered  at  the  time,  they  escaped  punishment. 
This  robbery  is  a  most  celebrated  one,  and  is  known  everywhere 
as  the  Lord  bond-robbery. 

After  this  he  was  concerned  in  a  number  of  heavy  robberies, 
among  them  that  of  $30,000  in  securities  from  the  Philadelphia 
National  Bank,  which,  not  finding  negotiable,  he  boldly  visited 
the  owners,  and  representing  himself  as  a  lawyer  arranged  for 
their  return.  He  has  served  two  terms  of  five  years  each  and 
one  of  ten  years  in  Sing  Sing,  and  three  years  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary.  For  the  offence  for  which  Miller  arrested  him,  he 
was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  an  imprisonment  of  two  years  and 
six  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On  June  21,  1886,  De- 
tective Miller  arrested  H.  Granville  Gray,  for  forgery.  This  man 
has  at  different  times  been  employed  by  several  newspapers  in 
*  this  city  and  New  York,  and  has  used  the  information  so  gained 
to  defraud,  by  representing  himself  to  be  an  editor,  and  is  con- 
sidered to  be  a  first-class  confidence  man  and  blackmailer,  has 
served  four  years  in  King's  County  Prison,  •  N.  Y.,  as  well  as 
other  terms.  He  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  an  imprison- 
ment of  eighteen  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

Detective  KERLIN  C.  BOND  was  born  September  25,  1849,  in 
the  city  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by- 
Mayor  Stokley,  January  i,  1872.  In  October,  1875,  he  was  de- 
tailed for  "  special  "  duty,  and  performed  the  duties  of  a  special 
officer  until  March  9,  1882,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  position 
of  detective  by  Mayor  King.  He  served  through  Mayor 
King's  term,  and  'was  continued  in  his  position  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

During  his  connection  with  the  Philadelphia  police  department 
as  a  special  officer  and  detective,  Mr.  Bond  has  been  instrumental 
in  arresting  and  convicting  many  well-known  thieves,  among 
whom  were  the  following :  On  October  29,  1873,  he  arrested 
Charles  Melville,  alias  "  Reddy  "  Riddle,  on  a  charge  of  burglary, 
who  was  sentenced  to  two  years  and  six  months  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary.  On  January,  1878,  Detective  Bond  arrested  Cooper 


282  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Wiltzey  for  a  masked  burglary  and  manufacturing  counterfeit 
money.  He  also  captured  the  mill  and  a  large  quantity  of  the 
spurious  money.  Wiltzey  was  sentenced  to  six  years  in  the  pen- 
itentiary. James  L.  Lewis,  alias  "  Jack "  Laydon,  Charles 
Murphy,  alias  Guff,  and  Henry  Moran,  alias  "  Dutch  "  Dalton, 
were  gathered  in  by  Detective  Bond  for  several  house  robberies,  on 
July  24,  1878.  They  each  received  sentences  of  five  years  in  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary.  He  arrested  Charles  Early  for  house 
robbery  on  January  7,  1879,  wh°  was  sentenced  to  two  years  im- 
prisonment. The  next  culprits  of  importance  to  make  Detec- 
tive Bond's  acquaintance  in  his  professional  capacity  were  Charles 
Lightenberger  and  Louis  Lightenberger,  who  had  been  making 
and  passing  counterfeit  money.  He  captured  them,  together 
with  their  mill  and  a  large  quantity  of  the  counterfeit  coin,  May 
18,  1879.  They  were  sentenced  to  three  years  each  in  the  East- 
ern Penitentiary. 

He  arrested  on  June  17,  1879,  Melinda  Elliott,  alias  Mowry,  a 
noted  "servant-girl  thief,"  for  larceny  of  $2000  worth  of  dia- 
monds, jewellery  and  clothing,  which  were  secured  and  returned 
to  the  owners.  Melinda  got  two  years  in  the  penitentiary.  On 
June  7,  1881,  he  arrested  John  Grey  for  assault  and  battery  with 
intent  to  kill,  who  was  sentenced  to  five  years  and  six  months'  im- 
prisonment ;  on  February  5,  1881,  Maggie  Redding,  another 
"  servant-girl  thief,"  for  house  robbery,  sentenced  to  two  years' 
imprisonment  in  the  county  prison ;  John  Fritch,  on  April  30, 
1881,  for  house  robbery,  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  House  of 
Refuge;  James  Flake  and  Walter  Starr,  on  August  3,  1881,  for 
robbing  the  store  of  Simon  &  Wolf,  at  No.  517  Market  Street, 
of  $2000  worth  of  jewellery,  which  was  recovered  by  Detective 
Bond.  They  were  sentenced  to  two  years  each  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary. 

Upon  being  detailed  to  the  detective  corps,  March  9,  1882, 
Detective  Bond  was  assigned  to  duty  in  conjunction  with  Detec- 
tive James  1.  Donaghy.  These  two  officers,  as  "  side  partners," 
soon  gained  for  themselves  an  enviable  reputation  for  efficient 
detective  work,  and  the  words  "  arrested  by  Bond  and  Don- 
aghy "  began  to  figure  largely  upon  the  records  in  the  office  of 
the  detective  department. 

Detective  JAMES  I.  DONAGHY  was  born  December  22,  1852, 
in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  first  appointed  to  the  police 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


283 


BANK    BURGLARS'   OUTFIT. 


284  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

force  as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  April^  1875.  He  was 
detailed  for  special  duty  in  May,  1877,  and  promoted  to  the  posi- 
tion of  sergeant  June  10,  1879.  He  was  assigned  to  the  detec- 
tive force  by  Mayor  King,  and  continued  in  that  position  by 
Mayor  Smith.  During  his  service  as  special  officer  and  sergeant, 
Donaghy  made  a  number  of  important  arrests  which  were  prose- 
cuted to  conviction.  Among  them  were  the  following  :  On  Octo- 
ber 13,  1875,  ne  arrested  Johnson  Kelley  and  W.  T.  Carter, 
alias  "Pretty  Bill,"  for  burglary.  They  were  sentenced  to  three 
years  and  six  months  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On  the 
4th  of  July,  1876,  he  arrested  George  Roland  for  burglary,  who 
was  sentenced  to  six  months'  imprisonment  in  the  county  prison. 
S.  P.  Jones,  alias  McDonald,  a  well-known  professional  thief,  he 
arrested  on  March  29,  1877,  for  stealing  a  diamond  pin.  Jones 
was  "sent  up "  for  fifteen  months.  Marshall  Palmer,  arrested 
July  20,  1877,  for  burglary,  received  a  sentence  of  five  years  in 
the  penitentiary.  George  Lenox,  for  receiving  stolen  goods,  was 
"picked  up"  by  Donaghy  on  August  16,  1878.  He  got  two  years 
in  the  penitentiary.  He  arrested  on  March  30,  1881,  William 
Bernard,  alias  Willis,  on  several  charges  of  passing  forged  checks, 
and  obtaining  goods  from  various  business  houses  by  false  pre- 
tences, who  received  three  years  in  the  penitentiary.  On  the 
same  day  he  arrested  Robert  Scott,  alias  Monroe,  for  highway 
robbery.  Scott  was  identified  in  court  as  one  of  a  party  who 
entered  a  bank  cashier's  residence  in  Utica,  New  York,  and 
forced  the  cashier  to  opeln  the  safe  in  the  bank.  On  learning  this 
fact,  the  charge  of  highway  robbery  was  not  pressed,  and  Scott 
or  Monroe,  was  taken  back  to  New  York  State  for  trial,  where 
he  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  eighteen  years'  imprisonment 
in  Auburn  Prison,  the  hardest  prison  for  discipline  in  the 
United  States.  Donaghy  arrested  "  Josh  "  Mully  and  Martin 
Lafferty  for  burglary  at  Media,  Delaware  County,  where  they 
were  sentenced  to  ten  years  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

As  has  been  already  stated,  on  March  9,  1882,  detectives 
Donaghy  and  Bond  began  operating  together.  They  have  accom- 
plished good  work,  and  among  their  most  important  arrests  and 
convictions  were  these  :  Herbert  Monohan,  alias  Griffin,  on  July 
20,  1882,  charged  with  robbing  thirty-four  houses.  The  detectives 
traced  Monohan  to  Nashua,  New  Hampshire,  where  they  arrested 
him  and  brought  him  back  to  Philadelphia.  Upon  being  placed 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  2gc 

o 

on  trial,  he  pleaded  guilty  to  a  number  of  indictments  charging 
him  with  larceny,  and  was  sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary. 

George  Edwards  and  Fred  Carr,  on  December  n,  1882,  were 
taken  in  for  stealing  watches  from  jewellery  stores,  which  they  were 
accustomed  to  enter  on  the  pretence  of  desiring  to  purchase.  Ed- 
wards was  sentenced  to  two  years  and  six  months'  imprisonment 
in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On  February  21,  1883,  detectives 
Bond  and  Donaghy  arrested  S.  W.  Stewart,  alias  "  Reddy," 
Robert  Barr  and  Dominick  Dougherty  for  breaking  into  the  resi- 
dence of  a  Mr.  McNeil,  and  stealing  $19,000  worth  of  bonds  and 
money.  They  recovered  $6500  of  the  stolen  property.  Stewart 
and  Dougherty  were  sentenced  to  nine  months  in  the  county  prison. 
George  Lowry,  William  Weeks  and  Sam  Johnston,  all  colored  men, 
were  arrested  by  Donaghy  and  Bond  on  February  27,  1883,  for 
stealing  watches  from  jewellery  stores.  They  received  sentences 
of  two  and  three  years  in  the  penitentiary.  The  partners  ar- 
rested John  Bardt  on  August  9,  1883,  for  larceny  of  $7000  worth 
of  quinine  from  Dr.  Mattison,  which  was  recovered  at  Bardt's 
house  ;  sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  penitentiary.  February  13, 
1884,  the  detectives  arrested  William  Jeannes,  colored,  a  profes- 
sional thief  from  Baltimore,  who  committed  a  large  number  of  rob- 
beries by  climbing  up  arbors,  and  B.  F.,  alias  "  Bat,"  Harold,  an 
ex-police  officer,  for  putting  up  the  work  and  receiving  the  goods 
stolen  by  Jeannes.  Both  of  these  men  were  sentenced  to  five 
years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  These  thieves  had  been  for 
months  the  terror  of  the  fashionable  residents  along  West,  Spruce 
and  Walnut  streets.  April  18,  1884,  Charles  Wallace  and  Annie 
Hetties,  alias  "  Mag "  Schroeder,  for  robbing  a  house  where 
the  girl  was  employed,  of  $3500  worth  of  diamonds,  which  were 
recovered  on  the  same  day  they  were  stolen.  Wallace  was  sen- 
tenced to  three  years  and  Annie  to  two  years  in  the  Eastern  Peni- 
tentiary. June  12,  1884,  Lillie  Curtis,  alias  Gardiner,  alias  Rad- 
cliffe,  who  was  "  wanted  "  in  New  York  for  blackmail.  She  was 
returned  to  that  city  and  sentenced  to  two  years  in  Sing  Sing 
Prison.  November  24,  1884,  George  Brady,  alias  "  Butch,"  for 
larceny,  sentenced  to  two  years  and  six  months  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary.  January  13,  1885,  Harry  Brown,  on  a  charge  of  lar- 
ceny of  a  caba  containing  $2000  worth  of  diamonds,  which  Bond 
and  Donaghy  recovered  in  a  disreputable  house  in  Lindell  Alley. 


286  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Brown  was  sent  to  the  county  prison.  On  the  same  day  they  ap- 
prehended Harry  Cheesman  and  I.  M.  Harker  for  passing  counter- 
feit money.  Cheesman  was  sentenced  to  three  years  and  six 
months,  and  Harker  to  ten  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 
July  21,  1885,  George  Magee,  for  breaking  into  the  store  No.  713 
Market  Street,  and  stealing  $1000  worth  of  goods,  and  then  steal- 
ing a  horse  and  wagon  from  Thomas  Evans,  all  of  which  detectives 
Bond  and  Donaghy  recovered.  Magee  was  sentenced  to  three 
years  in  the  penitentiary.  On  the  same  day  they  "  fell  in  "  with 
and  landed  behind  the  bars  Harry  Young,  for  the  larceny  of 
50,000  cigars,  and  for  horse  stealing.  Young  was  taken  to  Lan- 
caster, where  he  was  sentenced  to  three  years  and  nine  months  in 
the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  October  30,  1885,  Henry  Sharp,  for 
making  and  passing  counterfeit  money  :  sentenced  to  seven  years 
in  Trenton,  New  Jersey.  C.  V.  Sargeant,  a  fugitive  from  justice  in 
New  York,  on  a  charge  of  grand  larceny.  He  was  returned  to 
that  city  and  sentenced  to  live  years  in  Sing  Sing.  January  6, 
1886,  John  Moran,  for  breaking  into  the  store  of  H.  G.  Kern, 
No.  21  North  Sixth  Street,  and  stealing  $1500  worth  of  surgical 
instruments,  which  were  recovered  by  detectives  Donaghy  and 
Bond.  Moran  got  four  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

In  March,  1886,  Bond  and  Donaghy  "  picked  "  up  a  gang  of  Del- 
aware County  horse-thieves  and  burglars.  They  were  known  as 
the  Fernwood  Gang,  and  their  operations  had  caused  the  formation 
of  a  vigilance  committee  in  the  suburban  towns  on  the  P.  W.  iv 
B.  R.  R.  Charles  Wilson,  Gus  Chopaz,  B.  H.  Walton  and  Mat 
Carpenter  were  arrested,  tried  at  Media,  and  sentenced  by  Judge 
Clayton.  Chopaz  and  Carpenter  got  ten  years  each,  Wilson  eight 
years,  and  Walton  three  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On 
May  17,  1886,  they  arrested  Walter  Schackley  and  Michael 
Harkins  for  robbery  at  the  silk  mill  of  Reed  &  Co.,  at  Twelfth 
Street  and  Snyder  Avenue.  They  stole  $1000  worth  of  silk,  which 
was  recovered  by  these  detectives.  The  thieves  were  sentenced  to 
three  years  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  This  is  but  a  par- 
tial list  of  the  excellent  work  accomplished  by  this  strong  team. 

Detective  WILLIAM  R.  HULFISH  was  born  July  27,  1844,  in 
the  city  of  Philadelphia.  He  became  connected  with  the  National 
Pinkerton  Detective  Agency  in  1869.  During  his  connection 
with  that  agency  he  made  some  important  captures  of  swindlers 
and  forgers,  and  rendered  valuable  service  in  breaking  up  a  gang 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  287 

of  express  robbers  who  operated  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road. He  was  also  detailed  to  assist  in  ferreting  out  the  crimes 
of  the  Mollie  Maguires,  and  was  nearly  two  years  in  the  Schuyl- 
kill  County  coal  fields  for  that  purpose.  He  rendered  valuable 
aid  in  bringing  a  number  of  "  Mollies  "  to  justice,  some  of  whom 
were  hanged  and  others  sentenced  to  long  terms  of  imprisonment. 
In  1875  he  resigned,  and  accepted  an  appointment  in  the  city 
police  department  under  Mayor  Stokley.  In  May,  1876,  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  at  the  Centennial  Exposition.  In  July  he  was 
detailed  as  special  officer,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  the 
close  of  the  Exposition,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
Second  Police  District.  In  March,  1882,  he  was  promoted  to 
duty  as  a  detective  officer  at  police  headquarters  under  Mayor 
King.  During  his  connection  with  the  city  department,  he  has 
done  efficient  service  and  rendered  valuable  aid  in  ridding  the 
community  of  some  very  dangerous  criminals.  Among  them  may 
be  mentioned  the  Pine  Alley  gang  of  burglars,  of  whom  Dave 
Wilson,  Harry  Wilkes  and  John  Kelly  were  convicted,  and  re- 
ceived  sentences  of  eight  years  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 
Harry  Birch  and  Mike  Kelly,  belonging  to  the  same  gang,  re- 
ceived sentences  of  ten  years  each  for  numerous  burglaries  com- 
mitted in  Camden,  N.  J.  John  Hogan,  well-known  desperado, 
received  a  like  sentence  at  the  same  place,  on  a  charge  of  felo- 
nious assault  on  an  old  woman,  sixty-five  years  of  age.  Detective 
Hulfish  was  also  instrumental  in  breaking  up  a  gang  of  river 
thieves  and  freight-car  robbers,  who  operated  on  the  Delaware 
River  front  and  robbed  vessels  and  cars  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  company.  Among  .them  were  James  Maginnis  and 
Henry  Berg,  who  with  Henry  Dunn  and  Charles  Wilson,  re- 
ceivers of  the  stolen  goods,  received  long  terms  of  imprisonment. 
Detective  Hulfish  recovered  a  large  amount  of  valuable  property, 
the  plunder  of  this  gang.  William  Leland,  August  Stetler  and 
George  Woodward,  well-known  horse  thieves,  were  arrested  by 
him.  They  received  sentences  of  from  five  to  seven  years  in  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary.  Wm.  Dankey  and  Simon  Wild,  two  well- 
known  convicts,  were  also  arrested  by  Detective  Hulfish,  charged 
with  highway  robbery.  They  were  sent  to  the  Eastern  Peniten- 
tiary for  three  years  each.  Wm.  Saunders  and  Patrick  Gilridge, 
counterfeiters,  sent  to  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  five  years  each. 
He  also  arrested  Patrick  McNulty,  Joseph  Maull  and  Nick  Harris, 


283  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

charged  with  robbing  bonded  warehouses,  and  recovered  a  large 
amount  of  stolen  indigo ;  also  Charles  McMichore  and  Welling- 
ton Elliott,  who  had  been  robbing  physicians'  offices.  Thirty- 
three  indictments  were  found  against  these  men,  and  Detective 
Hulfish  recovered  a  large  quantity  of  the  stolen  property.  Wyatt 
Boatwright  and  Mary  Miller,  charged  with  the  poisoning  of  the 
former's  wife,  received  sentences  of  five  years  each  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary.  Jack  Cannon,  a  well-known  hotel  thief,  who  at- 
tempted to  shoot  the  detective  when  a  few  feet  distant  from  him, 
was  captured  after  a  desperate  struggle.  During  the  bi-centen- 
nial  anniversary  in  1882,  Detective  Hulfish  arrested  twenty-three 
professional  thieves  and  pickpockets,  who  were  detected  operat- 
ing in  the  crowds  on  the  streets.  Among  them  were  such  well- 
known  thieves  as  "  Skid  "  Walker,  Ray  Skinner,  George  Thomp- 
son, John  Benton,  Peter  O'Toole,  "  Big  Ike  "  McHenry  and 
many  others  well  known  to  the  police  authorities  of  the  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States.  He  also  arrested  Absalom  Pollitt, 
charged  with  outrageous  conduct  in  his  private  life.  He  was 
sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Detective 
Hulfish  was  complimented  in  court  by  Judge  James  R.  Ludlow 
for  his  work  on  this  case.  Once  during  a  fight  he  was  attacked 
by  a  gang  of  ruffians  and  received  seven  stabs  in  various  parts 
of  the  body,  which  confined  him  to  the  house  for  six  weeks. 

Detective  THOMAS  G.  CRAWFORD  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
August  9,  1849.  His  first  police  duty  was  in  the  capacity  of  patrol- 
man, having  been  appointed  to  that  position  by  Mayor  Stokley  on 
June  30,  1873.  Patrolman  Crawford  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
Fifth  Police  District  under  Lieutenant  Richard  Ellis.  He  remained 
there,  however,  but  a  short  time  and  was  transferred  to  the  Schuyl- 
kill  Harbor  Police,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  William  Green, 
August  27  of  the  same  year.  Policeman  Crawford  did  duty  along 
the  Schuylkill  River  front,  which  at  that  time  was  infested  by 
thieves  of  all  grades.  The  "Schuylkill  Rangers"  and  the 
"  Gut  "  gangs,  even  as  late  as  those  days,  infested  the  region 
along  the  Schuylkill  River  front.  Their  misdeeds  were  marked 
by  a  reckless  daring,  and  their  depredations  extended  from  the 
lowest  to  the  highest  grades  of  crime.  The  Schuylkill  policemen, 
Crawford  among  the  number,  succeeded  in  arresting  John  O'Brien, 
James,  alias  "Yellow"  Miller,  of  Fairmount,  John,  alias 
"  Screwey  "  Nelson  and  John  Toner,  alias  "  Three-fingered  Jack." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  289 

All  of  these  men  belonged  to  the  gang  called  "  Schuylkill  Rang- 
ers." They  were  convicted  and  received  long  terms  of  imprison- 
ment, and  the  Rangers,  which  had  been  repeatedly  broken  up  by 
former  mayors,  were  finally  suppressed.  It  was  with  such  charac- 
ters as  these  that  Crawford  had  to  deal,  as  an  initiation  into  the 
duties  and  secrets  of  police  work.  Besides  arresting  thieves, 
Harbor  Policeman  Crawford  had  many  other  duties  to  perform, 
such  as  grappling  for  the  bodies  of  drowned  persons,  and  rescuing 
others  from  watery  graves.  On  the  night  of  February  1^2,  1875, 
Crawford,  at  the  risk  of  his  own  life,  rescued  from  drowning  Mrs. 
James  Dailey,  who  had  fallen  overboard  at  the  Spruce  Street  wharf. 
He  also  figured  in  a  number  of  other  rescues. 

On  April  8,  1875,  Crawford  was  promoted  to  the  sergeancy  of 
the  Fifth  Police  District  by  Mayor  Stokley,  which  was  then  under 
the  command  of  Lieutenant  Robert  McCawley.  On  October  13, 
1875,  in  company  with  Officer  Byrnes  of  the  Fifth  District,  Ser- 
geant Crawford  arrested  John  Madden  for  burglary  of  Clegg's  tai- 
lor shop,  No.  824  Walnut  Street.  Several  hundred  dollars  worth 
of  cloth  goods  were  stolen.  Madden  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary 
for  three  years  and  six  months.  On  October  i,  1876,  he  arrested 
John  Glenn,  charged  with  burglary  committed  in  a  house  on 
South  Twenty-third  Street,  where  silverware  and  clothing,  valued 
at  $200,  were  stolen.  Glenn  was  sentenced  to  one  year  and 
three  months  in  the  county  prison.  Crawford  filled  the  position 
of  sergeant  until  June  10,  1879,  when  he  was  reduced  to  the  ranks 
by  Mayor  Stokley,  his  offence  being  of  a  political  character,  and 
was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  same  district.  At  that  time  Lieuten 
ant  John  Weir  was  in  charge  of  the  Fifth  District.  On  May  6, 
1881,  Crawford  was  made  a  special  officer  by  order  of  Mayor 
King  and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  same  district.  During  hjg  ser- 
vice as  a  special  officer,  he  made  many  important  arrests  of  well- 
known  thieves,  among  them  John  Reed,  arrested  July  20,  1882, 
en  a  charge  of  highway  robbery  of  a  pair  of  earrings  from  a  young 
lady  in  Rittenhouse  Square  :  convicted  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary 
for  three  years. 

On  August  9,    1882,   Mr.  Joseph  Soloman  of  No.   120    South 

Eighteenth  Street  reported  at  the   Fifth  District  Station-House. 

that  his  house  had  been    broken   into  during  his  absence  from 

home,  and  a  quantity  of  clothing  and  silverware,  valued  at  $300, 

19 


290  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

had  been  stolen.  On  the  night  of  August  n,  Officer  Crawford  ar- 
rested James,  alias  "  Lummy "  Gordon,  Michael  McFadden  and 
Daniel  Doras  for  this  crime.  On  the  trial  Gordon  was  convicted 
and  sentenced  to  three  years'  imprisonment.  The  others  were  ac- 
quitted. Officer  Crawford  recovered  part  cf  the  stolen  goods. 

By  order  of  Mayor  King,  Officer  Crawford  was,  on  September 
22,  1882,  transferred  to  the  office  of  the  Society  to  Protect  Chil- 
dren from  Cruelty,  No.  1405  Chestnut  Street,  to  assist  the  society 
in  its  humane  work.  In  the  spring  of  1883  many  complaints  were 
made  to  Secretary  Crew  of  the  society,  of  small  babies  being 
abandoned  on  the  streets.  Officer  Crawford  was  detailed  on  the 
matter,  and  after  several  days'  work  he  arrested  Annie  Piard  at 
No.  927  South  Fifth  Street.  An  investigation  disclosed  a  most 
heartless  and  cruel  system  which  was  regularly  followed  by  this 
woman.  It  was  found  that  she  kept  what  is  called  a  "  baby-farm- 
ing establishment,"  and  at  the  time  of  her  arrest  had  seven  infants 
in  her  house.  Another  lay  dead  upon  a  table.  These  children 
had  been  left  with  Mrs.  Piard  to  board  by  their  mothers,  who 
agreed  to  pay  a  certain  sum  to  her  for  their  care.  At  first  this 
amount  would  be  promptly  paid,  but  after  a  while  would  suddenly 
cease  coming,  and  the  mothers  of  the  children  would  disappear, 
leaving  them  in  Mrs.  Piard's  hands.  After  the  payments  stopped, 
the  woman  would  take  the  infants  and  abandon  them  in  the 
streets  and  alleys  of  the  city.  She  was  tried  and  convicted,  and 
sentenced  to  an  imprisonment  of  one  year  in  the  county  prison. 

On  August  21,  1883,  Officer  Crawford  was  appointed  a  detec- 
tive by  Mayor  King,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Central  Station 
under  Chief  of  Police  Givin,  until  Chief  of  Detectives  Kelly  was 
detailed  to  that  position,  in  April,  1884.  Detective  Crawford, 
since  his  induction  into  that  office,  has  more  than  sustained  the 
good  reputation  he  had  made  for  himself  as  a  detective  officer. 
On  October  28,  1883,  he  arrested  William  Baker,  alias  Moore,  and 
William  Richards  on  a  charge  of  burglary  committed  in  the  house 
of  John  Shaffer,  No.  3050  Ludlow  Street.  They  stole  $300  in 
money  from  a  trunk ;  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  sixteen 
months'  imprisonment  each. 

October  6,  1883,  he  arrested  James  Logue  for  several  burg- 
laries of  houses  in  Reading,  Pa.,  committed  during  the  absence  of 
the  occupants.  Logue  was  sentenced  to  three  years'  imprison- 
ment. 


PAST  AM.*   PRESENT. 


291 


On  September  23,  1884,  Miss  Laura  Johns,  living  at  No.  1715 
Vine  Street,  while  returning  from  Cape  May,  N.  J.,  had  her  caba, 
containing  $2500  worth  of  diamonds,  stolen  from  her  carriage  at 
the  Market  Street  Ferry-house.  Detective  Crawford,  in  company 
with  Detective  Whiteman,  three  days  later,  arrested  John 
Murphy,  George  Dempsey  and  Leo  Theboldt,  who  were  convicted 
of  the  crime  and  sentenced  to  three  years  each. 

On  February  5,  1884,  Detective  Crawford  arrested  Fannie 
Johnston,  colored,  in  Middletown,  Del.,  for  robbing  the  house  of 
Miss  S.  E.  Crook,  No.  12  South  Twentieth  Street,  of.  silk  dresses 
and  diamond  jewellery  valued  at  $600.  Part  of  the  stolen 
property  was  recovered,  and  the  culprit  sentenced  to  an  imprison- 
ment of  eighteen  months  in  the  county  jail. 

December  19,  1884,  in  company  with  Special  Officer  Bye,  De- 
tective Crawford  arrested  Peter  Shields,  at  Fifteenth  and  Ells- 
worth streets,  on  a  charge  of  receiving  stolen  goods.  Upon 
searching  the  premises  occupied  by  Shields,  the  officers  found 
several  hundred  dollars  worth  of  harness,  blankets,  robes,  etc., 
which  were  identified  as  the  property  of  Dr.  George  A.  Rex,  No. 
2028  Pine  Street,  and  Messrs.  Audenried  and  Harrison,  of  West 
Chester,  Penn.,  and  others  whose  stables  had  been  broken  into 
and  robbed  of  the  goods  recovered,  and  in  some  instances  their 
horses  had  been  stolen  also.  Shields  was  sentenced  to  eighteen 
months  in  the  county  prison. 

Detective  Crawford,  with  Detective  Peter  Miller,  on  December 
22,  1885,  arrested  Ann  Henderson  for  pocket-picking  at  Thir- 
teenth and  Chestnut  streets.  When  she  was  searched  at  the  sta- 
tion-house, it  was  found  that  she  had  two  large  pockets  filled  with 
handkerchiefs  and  pocket-books.  She  was  sentenced  to  six 
months  in  the  county  prison. 

July  24,  1885,  Detective  Crawford  arrested  John  Moran  and 
Thomas  Smith  for  the  larceny  of  fifteen  miles  of  copper  telegraph 
wire  from  poles  in  West  Philadelphia,  running  to  Darby,  and  be- 
longing to  the  Bell  Telephone  Company.  The  prisoners  were 
sentenced  to  the  county  prison  for  eighteen  months  each. 

About  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  August  25,  1885,  the  front 
wall  of  James  B.  Rogers'  house,  at  the  north-east  corner  of  Nine- 
teenth and  Callowhill  streets,  was  blown  out  with  dynamite.  The 
concussion  of  the  explosion  broke  all  the  windows  in  the  surround- 
ing houses.  It  was  thought  at  the  time  that  the  purpose  of  this  act 


292  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

was  to  kill  the  occupant  of  the  house,  J.  B.  Rogers,  and  the  matter 
remained  a  mystery  for  some  time.  The  case  was  placed  in  De- 
tective Crawford's  hands  by  Chief  Kelly  on  September  ist.  After 
four  weeks'  hard  work  Detective  Crawford  succeeded  in  accumu- 
lating sufficient  evidence  to  warrant  the  arrest  of  John  Devereaux, 
who  was  employed  as  a  flagman  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  above 
Girard  Avenue  bridge,  and  on  September  29  he  took  him  into 
custody.  The  defendant  was  put  on  trial  October  13,  when  it  ap- 
pearing to  the  prisoner's  counsel  that  the  strong  chain  of  evidence 
which  Detective  Crawford  had  wound  around  him  would  result  in 
a  conviction,  he  was  advised  to  enter  a  plea  of  guilty,  which  he 
did,  and  was  sentenced  by  Judge  Arnold  to  undergo  an  imprison- 
ment of  two  years  and  eight  months  in  the  penitentiary  and  pay  a 
fine  of  $500. 

Devereaux  was  prompted  to  commit  the  crime  and  attempt  upon 
Rogers'  life  through  jealousy  of  his  wife. 

On  December  10,  1885,  Price  J.  Patton,  of  No.  259  North 
Ninth  Street,  reported  that  his  horse  and  carriage  had  been  stolen 
from  Third  Street,  below  Market,  containing  $5000  worth  of  bonds 
which  he  had  left  in  the  vehicle.  On  December  17,  Detective 
Crawford  arrested  Michael  Gallen,  and  a  few  days  later  John 
McMackin,  for  the  crime,  and  recovered  all  the  bonds  and  the 
horse  and  carriage.  The  prisoners  were  tried  and  convicted,  and 
sentenced  to  three  years  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

August  28,  1886,  Detective  Crawford  arrested  Oliver  Woods 
for  an  outrageous  assault  on  a  girl  twelve  years  old  :  sentenced  to 
four  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

Detective  Crawford  has  also  arrested  during  his  term  as  an 
officer  of  Chief  Kelly's  department,  Albert  Parker,  Ike  Sheldon, 
alias  "Big  Ike,"  Walter  Moore,  and  Michael,  alias  "  Reddy," 
Dougherty,  professional  pickpockets,  and  many  others,  who  were 
sent  to  prison  for  shorfterms.  Besides  these,  his  net  has  gathered 
in  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  sneak  thieves,  and  many  others 
charged  with  various  crimes  and  offences.  He  has  also  made 
many  arrests  of  criminals  and  fugitives  from  justice  from  other 
cities  and  States  where  they  were  charged  with  crime,  and  has 
more  than  done  his  share  in  the  good  work  of  ridding  the  city  of  a 
dangerous  class  of  thieves. 

Detective  THEODORE  C.  ECKSTEIN  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  August  23,  1832.  He  was  appointed  to  the  city  police 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


293 


force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  September,  1873,  and  assigned  to  duty 
in  the  Twenty  third  Police  District.  In  July,  1875,  he  was  detailed 
as  special  officer,  in  which  capacity  he  continued  until  1881,  when 
he  was  promoted  to  the  detective  department,  serving  there  until 
1882,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  force  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  July  5,  1884,  and  assigned  to  special  duty  in  the 
Fourth  District.  He  was  promoted  to  the  detective  department 
January  i,  1886.  During  his  connection  with  the  department, 
Detective  Eckstein  has  done  good  service  in  arresting  and  bring- 
ing to  justice  many  notorious  and  dangerous  criminals.  Among 
the  well-known  thieves  that  have  fallen  into  Detective  Eckstein's 
hands  may  be  mentioned  the  following:  William  Smith  (colored), 
Frank  Martin,  Tom  McKinney,  "  Doc"  Wood,  James  McAdams, 
John  Moran,  Fredrick  Kneedler,  George  Johnson,  "  Bill"  Furlong, 
Charles  Woodcock,  John  Weldon,  Edward  Carroll,  John  Blake, 
Charles  Hatfield  and  George  Miller,  all  of  whom  received  long 
sentences  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  When  Detective  Eckstein 
arrested  "  Bill  "  Furlong,  he  had  a  "  close  call  "  for  his  life,  that 
desperate  criminal  firing  several  shots  at  the  officer  before  he  was 
overpowered  and  locked  up.  Morris  Goddard  and  William  Mat- 
thews, who,  in  company  with  a  boy,  had  committed  twenty-eight 
different  robberies,  were  arrested  by  Detective  Eckstein.  God- 
dard and  Matthews  were  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  peniten- 
tiary. For  these  arrests  Eckstein  was  complimented  in  court  by 
Judge  Biddle,  before  whom  the  men  were  tried,  and  in  his  captain's 
report  to  the  Mayor.  He  also  broke  up  a  gang  of  thieves  who 
were  operating  along  Market  Street,  with  a  wagon,  robbing  stores. 
James  Boyle,  Bernard  Reiley,  and  August  Hayburn  were  arrested, 
and  received  sentences  of  two  years  each  in  the  penitentiary. 

He  arrested  Thomas  Abbott  and  Albert  Triel  for  robbing  shoe 
stores,  who  were  sentenced  to  long  terms  of  imprisonment ;  Charles 
Lilly,  "  Dutch  Dan  "  and  George  Hall,  well-known  "  key-fitters," 
received  their  quietus  at  Detective  Eckstein's  hands.  Also 
Henry  Myers,  a  well-known  boarding-house  thief,  sentenced  to 
four  years  in  the  penitentiary.  Thomas  Kane,  a  notorious  colored 
burglar,  sentenced  to  three  years;  James  Hageny,  alias  "  Slim 
Jim,"  and  Henry  McDonald,  sentenced  to  four  years  each,  for 
numerous  burglaries;  Lizzie  Arrison,  for  robbing  the  houses  of  min- 
isters and  physicians,  sent  to  the  county  prison  for  one  year; 
Thomas  Nelson,  charged  with  the  robbery  and  attempted  murder 


294  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

of  an  invalid  whom  he  was  nursing,  sentenced  to  seven  years  in 
the  Eastern  Penitentiary,  where  he  recently  died.  To  Detective 
Eckstein  belongs  the  credit  of  breaking  up  a.gang  of  store  thieves, 
composed  of  New  York  "crooks."  Of  this  crowd,  he  arrested 
Thomas  Raymond  and  Henry  Fry,  who  attempted  to  shoot  the 
officer  when  he  apprehended  them.  They  both  received  long 
sentences.  He  arrested  Frank  Jones,  George  Davis  and  Joseph 
Henderson,  upon  whom  pistols  and  burglars'  tools  were  found. 
They  were  convicted  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary.  Detective 
Eckstein  was  sent  by  the  late  Henry  S.  Hagert,  while  he  was 
District  Attorney,  to  Illinois,  to  assist  in  the  prosecution  of 
Edward  Parr,  charged  with  murder.  He  has  arrested,  besides 
those  mentioned,  a  large  number  of  professional  thieves  and  pick- 
pockets, among  them  such  well-known  men  as  Hiram  Garrett, 
"  Big  Ike  "  McHenry,  Edward  Tully,  "  Wax  "  McCormick,  George 
Henn,  alias  "  Alonzo."  "  Archy"  White,  alias  "Canary,"  Edward 
Francis  (colored),  Henry  Nugent,  Joe  Gordon,  alias  "  Lefty 
Glacken,"  John  Welsh,  Tom  Mooney,  all  thieves  whose  pictures 
adorn  the  rogues'  galleries  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  country. 

Detective  JAMES  TATE  was  born  July  20,  1846,  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  in  the  First  Police  Dis- 
trict by  Mayor  Stokley,  April  5,  1872.  On  May  i,  1876,  he  was 
detailed  as  special  officer.  He  arrested  on  June  10,  1876,  George 
Washington,  Samuel  Pirie  and  Andrew  Riley,  charged  with  twenty- 
seven  burglaries.  Officer  Tate  also  recovered  $5000  worth  of  sil- 
verware which  they  had  stolen.  They  were  sentenced  to  six  years 
each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  October  6,  1876,  ho  arrested  in 
Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  James  Pickett  and  Samuel  Benners  for 
the  abduction  of  Charlie  Ross.  In  May,  1877,  Officer  Tate  re- 
signed from  the  police  department  and  was  attached  to  the  Pink- 
erton  Detective  Agency.  During  his  connection  with  the  Pinker 
tons,  Mr.  Tate  made  some  important  captures  of  blackmailers  and 
railroad  robbers,  and  also  operated  in  Luzerne  and  Schuylkill 
counties  among  the  "  Mollie  Maguires."  He  severed  his  connec- 
tion with  the  Pinkerton  Agency  January  i,  1878,  and  was  reap- 
pointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  February  9,  1878, 
and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Fourth  District.  April  i,  1882,  he 
was  detailed  as  special  officer  in  his  district.  In  August,  1882,  he 
arrested  John  McKay  for  the  larceny  of  $10,000  f-.om  his  em- 
ployers, C.  C.  Moore  &  Co.,  No.  215  Market  Street.  November 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  295 

19,  he  arrested  Edward  Jacques,  Thomas  Gardener  and  Charles 
Jacques  for  robbing  twelve  stores  and  stealing  about  $20,000 
worth  of  silks.  Edward  Jacques  and  Thomas  Gardener  were  sen- 
tenced to  five  years  and  ten  months  each,  and  Charles  Jacques  to 
one  year  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  August  10,  1883,  Officer 
Tate  arrested  James  Hetherington  and  nine  others,  for  the  larceny 
of  wall-paper  from  the  store  of  Howell  Brothers.  The  pecula- 
tions of  Hetherington  and  his  confederates  extended  over  a  period 
of  eighteen  years.  Employees  of  the  fi.rm  were  implicated  in  it, 
and  through  their  connivance  wagon  loads  of  paper  at  a  time  were 
unlawfully  carried  away.  Howell  Brothers  placed  their  loss  by 
these  larcenies  at  $150,000. 

October  15,  1883,  he  arrested  Edward  Carter,  the  leader  of  a 
gang  of  New  York  cracksmen,  with  five  others,  for  stealing 
$700.00  worth  of  silks  from  James  Riley,  at  Eighth  and  Jayne 
streets.  November  19,  1883,  arrested  James  Murray,  alias  "  The 
Kid,"  of  New  York,  for  smashing  the  show  window  of  Picard's 
jewellery  store,  on  Second  Street  above  Market,  and  stealing  $400 
worth  of  gold  watches.  Murray  was  sentenced  to  two  yfears  and 
eight  months  in  the  penitentiary. 

March  12,  1884,  Officer  Tate  arrested  Michael  McGraw  and 
John  Hughes,  two  noted  highwaymen,  for  highway  robbery  on 
Sixth  Street,  above  Race.  July  2,  1884,  Thomas  Raymond,  alias 
Kelly,  and  Henry  Fielding,  alias  Fry,  New  York  thieves,  were 
arrested  by  Officer  Tate  after  an  exciting  chase.  Several  pistol 
shots  were  exchanged  between  the  officer  and  the  fugitives.  April 
i,  1885,  Patrick  Mullen  for  conspiracy  and  forgery.  He  was  sen- 
tenced to  one  year  in  the  county  prison.  Officer  Tate  broke  up  a 
gang  of  sneak  thieves,  who  were  operating  along  Market  Street, 
by  arresting,  on  April  9,  1885,  five  of  their  number.  On  March 
i,  1886,  Officer  Tate  was  detailed  to  duty  at  the  Central  Station 
under  Chief  of  Detectives  Kelly,  where  he  has  accomplished  much 
good  work.  On  June  6,  1886,  he  arrested  L.  N.  Murray  and 
Emily  Allen,  who  became  notorious  in  connection  with  swindling 
employment  agencies,  and  the  list  might  be  swelled  to  an  indefi- 
nite extent  by  the  numerous  pickpockets,  sneak  thieves  and  other 
criminals  who  have  been  brought  up  with  a  round  turn  through 
Detective  Tate's  energy  and  devotion  to  his  duty. 

Detective  FRANK  P.  GEYER  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  July 
27,  1853.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  on  the  police  force  by 


296  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Mayor  Stokley,  May  6,  1876,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Centen- 
nial Exposition.  He  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the  Eighteenth 
Police  District,  and  shortly  thereafter  detailed  as  a  special  officer. 
He  served  in  that  capacity  until  May,  1886,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Central  Station,  to  take  charge  of  murder  cases. 
Since  his  connection  with  the  police  department,  Officer  Geyer 
has  arrested  a  large  number  of  persons  for  various  crimes. 
"  Among  his  arrests  were  James  Redmond,  for  using  the  United 
States  mails  for  the  purpose  of  defrauding,  who  was  very  success- 
ful in  his  swindling  operations.  To  Officer  Geyer  belongs  the 
credit  of  breaking  up  a  gang  of  thieves  that  were  operating  among 
the  factories  in  Kensington,  and  he  succeeded  in  capturing  the 
receiver  of  the  stolen  goods,  William  Boles,  who  was  tried  and 
convicted.  The  operations  of  this  gang  extended  over  many 
years,  but  since  Officer  Geyer's  arrest  of  the  thieves  but  few  com- 
plaints are  heard  from  that  section.  He  also  arrested  Charles 
Mack,  alias  "Curley,"  a  noted  burglar.  Mack  was  convicted  and 
sent  to  prison  ;  also  James  McAvoy,  alias  George  Reardon,  for 
highway  robbery.  Reardon  knocked  down  the  cashier  of  the 
Williamsburg,  N.  Y.,  File  Company  and  robbed  him  of  $1040. 
He  was  sentenced  to  ten  years  in  the  Albany  Penitentiary. 

Detective  Geyer  arrested  Annie  Gaskins  for  the  murder  of  her 
infant  child.  The  unnatural  mother  cut  the  baby's  throat  from 
ear  to  ear,  and  then  represented  that  it  had  been  killed  and  lac- 
erated by  a  cat ,  James  Anderson,  for  the  murder  of  Henry  Don- 
nelly, tried  and  convicted ;  H.  Gerlach,  for  arson,  in  setting  fire 
to  his  home,  tried  and  convicted  ;  Charles  Hagert,  an  English 
sneak  thief,  who  operated  very  successfully  in  every  part  of  the 
city,  and  many  other  well-known  and  dangerous  criminals.  He 
has  gathered  in  John  Heller,  alias  "  Schooner,"  James  McKee 
and  James  McGusk,  a  pretty  trio  of  bold  burglars. 

Detective  HENRY  CLAY  MINTZHOUSER  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, December  22,  1846.  He  was  appointed  a  "sub"  on  the 
police  force  June  18,  1871,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  a  regular  patrol- 
man in  July  of  the  same  year.  He  was  made  a  special  officer  of  the 
Seventh  Police  District  in  March,  187?.  While  acting  as  a  spe- 
cial officer,  Mintzhouser  succeeded  in  breaking  up  all  the  policy 
shops  in  his  district,  to  which  duty  he  was  especially  assigned.  On 
May  2,  1876,  he  was  appointed  a  special  detective  in  the  detective 
department,  which  position  he  resigned  June  20,  1878,  and  or- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


297 


ganized  the  "  Philadelphia  Detective  Agency,"  being  at  its  head 
for  six  years.  During  that  time  he  worked  up  hundreds  of  im- 
portant cases,  most  of  which,  however,  were  of  a  private  nature. 
On  June  26,  1884,  he  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  as  a 
special  detective  in  the  detective  department.  Detective  Mintz- 
houser  was  connected  with  the  Hunter-Armstrong  murder  case 
in  Camden,  N.  J.,  in  the  year  1878.  Benjamin  Hunter  mur- 
dered Armstrong  in  order  to  get  the  amount  of  a  policy  of  insur- 
ance, $20,000,  which  he  held  on  Armstrong's  life.  Hunter  was 
tried  and  convicted  of  murder  in  the  first  degree  July  2,  1878, 
and  afterwards  hanged  for  the  crime.  Detective  Mintzhouser  was 
publicly  commended  by  Judge  Woodhull  and  Prosecutor  Jenkins, 
who  tried  the  case,  for  the  efficient  work  he  had  performed  in  it. 
On  November  28,  1879,  'ie  arrested  George  Robinson,  alias  "  Go- 
pher Bill,"  for  the  Kennett  Square  masked  burglary,  committed 
at  the  house  of  the  Bailey  Brothers,  who  were  "  bucked  "  and 
gagged,  and  upwards  of  $300,000  in  money  and  securities 
stolen. 

Robinson  confessed  and  turned  State's  evidence  against  his 
two  partners  in  the  crime,  Charles  Miller  and  John  Wittig,  both 
notorious  burglars,  who  were  afterwards  arrested  by  Detective 
Mintzhouser.  The  men  were  tried  and  convicted.  Miller  and 
Wittig  received  sentences  of  seven  years  each  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary,  and  Robinson  was  let  off  with  a  sentence  of  two 
years  in  consideration  of  his  services  to  the  State. 

In  July,  1884,  the  house  of  Mrs.  Chesney,  at  Tenth  and  Mifflin 
streets,  was  robbed  of  $2000  worth  of  goods.  For  this  robbery, 
Detective  Mintzhouser  arrested  Henry  Gay,  his  wife,  Delia  Gay, 
and  her  mother,  Hannah  Grimes,  after  having  traced  them  to 
Chelsea,  Massachusetts.  He  recovered  all  the  stolen  goods,  and 
the  parties  were  tried  and  convicted  September  n,  1884,  and  sen- 
tenced to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

On  October  23,  1884,  he  arrested  Middleton  H.  Moore,  for  at- 
tempting to  poison  the  family  of  Doctor  James  H.  Buckingham, 
No.  1514  Wallace  Street.  Moore  was  convicted  November  n, 
1884,  and  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

On  October  21,  1884,  the  body  of  a  man  was  found  in  a  ravine 
at  Chichester,  Chester  County,  Penn.  The  man  had  evidently 
been  murdered. 

Chief  of  Police   Williamson,  of  Chester,  called  upon  Chief  of 


298  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Detectives  Kelly  for  assistance  in  working  up  the  case,  and  De- 
tective Mintzhouser  was  detailed  to  go  to  Chester.  After  spend- 
ing two  months  in  investigation,  Detective  Mintzhouser  was  suc- 
cessful in  having  the  murdered  man  fully  identified  as  Nevactante 
Campi,  an  Italian.  He  also  succeeded  in  tracing  the  murderer 
to  Italy,  where  he  turned  out  to  be  one  Giusseppe  Davino,  also 
an  Italian,  and  a  former  companion  of  the  murdered  man.  After 
such  arduous  work,  crowned  with  such  success,  great  was  the  dis- 
gust of  Detective  Mintzhouser  and  Chief  of  Police  Williamson,  when 
the  county  commissioners  of  Chester  decided  that  they  would  not 
incur  the  expense  of  having  the  murderer  extradited  and  brought 
back. 

On  January  20,  1885,  Detective  Mintzhouser  arrested  Doctor 
Du  Boise,  a  notorious  mal-practitioner,  who  was  convicted  and 
sentenced  to  two  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

On  July  n,  1885,  the  infant  daughter  of  John  L.  Claxton  was 
kidnapped,  and  Detective  Mintzhouser  was  specially  detailed  on 
the  case.  On  August  n,  just  one  month  after  the  occurrence,  he 
recovered  the  child  in  Chester,  Penn.,  and  arrested  Ellen  Derry 
for  the  crime,  who  afterward  confessed,  and  was  sentenced  to  one 
year  in  the  county  prison.  Detective  Mintzhouser  was  com- 
mended by  Chief  of  Detectives  Kelly  in  his  annual  report,  for 
making  a  success  of  this  case. 

September  n,  1885,  ^ie  arrested  Mark  Jacobs,  alias  Harris,  for 
committing  various  burglaries.  Jacobs  plead  guilty  and  was 
sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

On  July  17,  1886,  Detective  Mintzhouser  was  sent  to  Albany, 
New  York,  by  Chief  Kelly,  to  assist  the  authorities  there  during 
their  bi-centennial.  While  in  that  city  he  arrested  John,  alias 
"  Skid "  Walker,  Fred  Lawthan,  alias  Maxwell,  Henry  Shultz, 
George  Stetson,  Charles  Allen,  Sarah  Opton,  Joseph  O'Brien,  and 
Michael  Euros — all  professional  pickpockets  and  burglars.  For 
these  arrests  Detective  Mintzhouser  was  highly  commended  by 
Chief  of  Police  Willard,  of  Albany,  in  a  letter  to  Chief  of  Detec- 
tives Kelly.  So  well  pleased  was  Chief  Kelly  with  the  good 
work  of  his  officer,  that  he  had  the  letter  published  in  the  news- 
papers. Detective  Mintzhouser,  in  addition  to  those  mentioned, 
has  arrested  over  seventy  professional  thieves,  charged  with  pick- 
ing pockets,  larceny,  etc.,  and  fourteen  fugitives  from  justice,  who 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


299 


were  sent  back  to  the  different  States  from  which  they  had 
fled. 

Detective  JOHN  WEIR  is  one  of  the  oldest  officers,  in  point  of 
service,  connected  with  the  police  department.  He  was  born  Jan- 
uary 6,  1832,  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  appointed  on  the  Reserve 
Corps  of  the  city  police,  July  8,  1858.  On  May  4,  1862,  he  re- 
signed from  the  force  and  enlisted  in  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers  for  three  years  service.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  be  second  lieutenant  of  the  corps  October  6,  1864,  ar)d 
served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  The  duty  to  which  he  was  assigned 
was  attending  the  bridge-building  operations  of  the  army  on  the 
Potomac  River  and  Shenandoah  Valley. 

Mr.  Weir  was  reappointed  to  the  Reserve  Corps,  August  28, 
1865,  and  remained  there  until  April  10,  1870,  when  he  again  re- 
signed. On  January  i,  1872,  he  once  more  undertook  service  on 
the  police  ;  was  promoted  to  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Fifth  Police 
District,  and  on  Apr.  20,  1884,  was  transferred  for  special  duty  at 
police  headquarters.  There  is  not  an  officer  on  the  Philadelphia 
police  force  with  a  better  record  than  that  of  Lieutenant  John 
Weir.  He  has  grown  old  in  the  service,  and  has  the  universal  re- 
gard of  the  men  on  the  force,  and  all  who  have  come  in  contact 
with  him. 

Detective  AMOS  W.  ATKINSON,  "  The  Third  Street  Detective," 
as  he  is  called,  has  under  his  special  care  the  banks  and  brokers' 
offices  along  Third — the  Wall  Street  of  Philadelphia — and  Chest- 
nut streets.  He  is  on  duty  every  day,  and  the  faces  of  nearly  all 
the  well-known  bank  sneak-thieves  in  the  country  are  familiar  to 
him  either  from  a  personal  view  of  their  features,  or  by  the  means 
of  photographs.  He  keeps  himself  well  posted  in  regard  to  the 
operations  and  accessions  to  ranks  of  this  class  of  criminals.  He 
is  particularly  adapted  to  the  work  which  he  has  to  perform.  As 
the  bank  messengers  go  through  the  streets  with  their  heavy  little 
hand-bags  filled  with  gold  or  notes,  the  close  observer  would  not 
fail  to  find  in  their  wake  Detective  Atkinson,  acting  as  a  silent 
and  unknown  guard.  If  a  bank  sneak  makes  his  appearance  in 
the  neighborhood,  it  is  not  long  before  he  receives  a  friendly  tip 
from  the  detective  that  it  would  be  unhealthy  to  attempt  to  operate 
in  Mr.  Atkinson's  bailiwick,  and  that  he  had  better  seek  broader 
fields  to  ply  his  vocation. 

Detective   Atkinson  has  seen   over   twenty-seven    years    police 


300  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

duty  on  the  Philadelphia  force.  First  appointed  by  Mayor  Con- 
rad, September  27,  1854,  he  served  until  June  7,  1856,  when  he 
was  displaced  by  the  accession  of  Mayor  Vaux  and  the  Democratic 
party  to  power.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  Reserve  Corps,  June 
15,  1858,  and  on  May  i,  1864,  was  promoted  lo  the  sergeancy  of 
the  Ninth  Police  District  by  Mayor  Henry.  He  held  that  position 
through  Mayor  McMichael's  term,  to  be  again  removed  during  the 
administration  of  Mayor  Fox.  On  June  5,  1869,  Mr.  Atkinson 
was  reappointed  once  more  to  the  Reserve  Corps  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley,  upon  his  inauguration  January  i,  1872.  He  served  during 
Mayor  Stokley's  three  terms,  and  was  retained  by  mayors  King 
and  Smith  as  a  reserve  officer  until  September  20,  1886,  when  at 
the  request  of  the  bankers  and  brokers,  he  was  detailed  to  the 
detective  department,  and  assigned  to  his  present  post.  During 
his  long  service  in  the  police  department,  Detective  Atkinson,  as 
he  himself  puts  it,  has  "  seen  considerable  fun  and  no  small 
amount  of  hard  duty."  His  time,  as  an  officer,  extended  over  the 
days  of  the  old  Volunteer  Fire  Department,  when  the  policeman's 
lot  was  not  a  happy  one.  He  has  made  many  important  arrests 
of  horse-thieves,  house-robbers  and  the  like.  He  arrested  the  man 
who  stole  $5000  in  gold  from  Jay  Cooke  &  Co.,  when  gold  was 
worth  $1.60  on  the  dollar,  and  recovered  nearly  all  the  money. 
He  is  a  veteran  officer,  well  qualified  to  apply  to  practical  use  the 
experience  gleaned  in  his  long  term  of  service. 

Vagrant  Detective  WILLIAM  ALLMENDINGER  was  born 
August  4,  1839,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  ;  was  appointed  a  patrol- 
man May  13,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Central 
Station  as  vagrant  detective.  His  duties  are  varied  and  responsible; 
he  not  only  has  to  look  after  beggars,  see  that  they  are  kept  off 
the  streets,  and  committed  to  such  institutions  as  their  conditions 
warrant,  but  also  has  to  search  for  runaway  children,  rescue  young 
girls  from  houses  of  ill  repute,  and  restore  them  to  their  parents, 
or  see  that  they  are  provided  with  homes  where  they  will  be 
properly  cared  for,  and  secure  transportation  for  the  hundreds  of 
unfortunates  who,  finding  themselves  adrift  in  a  strange  city  with 
no  means,  are  desirous  of  returning  home,  and  naturally  seek  the 
office  of  the  mayor,  impressed  with  the  idea  that  he  is  possessed 
of  omnipotent  power  to  forward  them  to  their  destinations  and 
supply  their  every  want.  Unfortunately  the  city  makes  no  appro- 
priation for  any  such  purpose,  and  the  vagrant  detective  is  forced 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


301 


to  solicit  from  the  charitable,  and  depend  upon  the  kindness  of 
the  railroad  officials  to  secure  transportation  in  the  many  cases 
that  are  referred  to  him.  That  he  has  not  many  idle  moments  is 
shown  from  the  following  synopsis  of  his  labors  during  the  seven 
months  of  1884,  and  the  year  1885.  Arrested  for  vagrancy  and 
begging,  86 ;  arrested  for  absconding  and  vicious  conduct,  73  ; 
arrested  for  other  offences,  39  ;  total,  198. 

Procured  temporary  shelter  at  Wayfarers'  Lodge  for  269  ;  pro- 
cured transportation  to  other  cities,  148;  had  charge  of  runaway 
children,  79  ;  sent  to  House  of  Refuge,  48  ;  sent  to  Almshouse, 
52  ;  sent  to  Society  to  Protect  Children,  22  ;  sent  to  Norristown 
Asylum,  3  ;  sent  to  hospitals,  5  ;  referred  to  German  Society,  n  • 
referred  to  Hibernian  Society,  4 ;  referred  to  St.  George's  Society, 
2  ;  referred  to  St.  Andrew's  Society,  3  ;  referred  to  Sailors'  Home, 
2  ;  referred  to  Newsboys'  Home,  4;  referred  to  House  of  Good 
Shepherd,  4. 

In  addition  to  these  duties,  numerous  communications  from 
other  cities,  inquiring  as  to  the  whereabouts  of  relatives  or  friends, 
and  seeking  information  on  a  variety  of  subjects,  are  referred  to 
him  for  investigation  and  answer.  He  is  required  to  keep  thor- 
oughly posted  as  to  the  various  public  institutions  and  charitable 
organizations,  and  maintain  intimate  and  friendly  relations  with 
the  officers  of  each,  for  only  by  acting  in  concert  with  these  organ- 
izations, and  having  their  active  co-operation  and  support,  could 
he  have  accomplished  the  amount  of  work  that  has  fallen  to  his  lot 
during  his  official  career. 

ALFRED  P.  BYE,  the  •'  horse  detective  "  attached  to  the  Central 
Station,  was  born  at  Kimbleville,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania, 
June  30,  1840,  and  received  his  education  in  the  Chester  County 
schools.  He  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Third  New  York  Cavalry, 
December  14,  1861,  and  served  with  distinction  until  May  14, 
1864,  when  he  was  wounded  during  a  raid  made  by  General 
Kautz's  Cavalry,  near  Richmond,  Virginia.  Previous  to  his  reg- 
ular enlistment,  he  did  good  service  as  a  Virginia  Bushwhacker. 
He  was  appointed  on  the  Philadelphia  police  force  April  i,  1875, 
by  Mayor  Stokley,  was  made  a  special  for  the  Twenty-nist  Dis- 
trict by  Mayor  King,  February  16,  1882,.  and  enrolled  among  the 
Central  Station  special  officers  by  Mayor  Smith  October  7,  1884. 
His  first  arrest  of  prominence  was  that  of  Arthur  de  Herbelly, 
October  27,  1882,  for  the  theft  of  $27,000  from  Morris,  Tasker 


302  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

&  Co.  July  24,  1883,  he  arrested  George  Smith,  colored,  and 
Fred  Eberlie,  white,  for  horse  stealing.  They  are  now  serving  a 
term  of  six  years  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

Their  mode  of  operation  was  quite  ingenious.  They  would 
hire  a  huckster's  horse  and  cart,  and  drive  into  an  unfrequented 
street,  leaving  the  team  alongside  the  curb.  They  would  keep  a 
look-out  on  the  nearest  main  street  for  any  wagon  containing 
merchandise  that  was  temporarily  left  unprotected.  Jumping 
into  the  wagon  thus  left  they  would  drive  into  the  back  street, 
quickly  transfer  the  goods  into  the  huckster's  cart,  and  turn  the 
stolen  horse  loose.  The  Owner  would  discover  his  loss  and 
notify  the  police  of  the  theft.  While  the  police  were  looking  for 
the  horse  and  wagon  the  thieves  would  convey  the  stolen  goods 
to  a  place  of  safety.  They  would  hide  them  until  the  hue  and 
cry  waaover,  and  then  boldly  offer  them  for  sale. 

Bye  arrested  Eugene  Murray  and  James  Pritchard,  October  4, 
1883,  and  recovered  fifteen  stolen  horses. 

Bye  arrested  William  Jukes,  August  30,  1884,  for  horse  steal- 
ing, and  on  November  26,  of  the  same  year,  John  Pennier,  a 
noted  horse  thief,  was  taken  into  custody,  and  received  a  sentence 
of  eighteen  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Pennier  was 
one  of  the  most  successful  of  that  class  of  thieves  who  drive  off 
with  teams  temporarily  left  on  the  street  without  a  driver.  Bye's 
next  capture  was  Peter  Shields,  who  was  notorious  as  a  harness 
thief.  He  would  run  off  a  horse  fully  harnessed,  and  after  se- 
curing the  harness  would  turn  the  animal  loose. 

In  the  early  part  of  1885,  Bye  went  among  the  Welsh  Mountain 
gang  of  horse  thieves  in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania.  These 
bold  outlaws  were  the  terror  of  the  State.  They  were  originally 
organized  by  Amos  C.  Clemson  and  William  Baer,  for  a  long 
time  landlord  of  the  old  Gap  Tavern.  At  the  time  of  Bye's  ad- 
vent among  them  they  were  commanded  by  that  picturesque  out- 
law, Abe  Buzzard.  Bye  first  arrested  Tighlman  Clemson  and  W. 
J.  Thackara,  who  each  received  ten  years.  Both  these  worthies 
came  of  a  horse-thieving  ancestry.  Clemson's  father,  the  notori- 
ous Amos  C.,  served  a  great  many  terms  in  prison  for  that  of- 
fence, and  finally  hanged  himself  while  serving  out  a  sentence  in 
the  West  Chester  jail.  Thackara  was  a  nephew  of  the  notorious 
Buck  Thackara.  Another  daring  member  of  this  gang  was  John 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


3°3 


Frankford,  "  the  One-eyed  Horse  Thief,"  who  was  sentenced  to 
seventeen  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  his  crimes. 

"  If  it  were  not  for  the  receivers  in  horse-stealing  cases,  the 
business  would  be  an  unprofitable  one,"  said  Mr.  Bye.  "  A  horse 
is  a  piece  of  property  that  can  be  easily  identified,  and  while  a 
few  thieves  use  the  paint-pot  and  brush  to  place  markings  on  .a 
horse  that  nature  did  not  give  him,  their  patchwork  will  show  in 
the  glare  of  daylight,  and  this  game  can  only  be  played  at  night, 
or  where  they  are  sure  that  the  horse  will  not  be  too  closely  ex- 
amined. Farmers  who  are  supposed  to  be  highly  respectable 
have  been  known  to  stable  stolen  horses,  knowing  them  to  be 
stolen,  until  the  excitement  attending  their  loss  had  died  away, 
when  the  thief  would  quietly  and  quickly  convey  the  property 
several  hundred  miles  away  and  dispose  of  it.  I  can  tell  you 
enough  to  fill  a  book  about  the  gyp  business.  It  has  flourished 
in  Philadelphia  ever  since  it  was  a  city,  is  still  carried  on,  and 
probably  always  will  be.  It  is  impossible  to  suppress  it,  be- 
cause to  secure  conviction  it  is  necessary  to  prove  conspiracy. 
The  most  successful  gyp  that  Philadelphia  ever  had  was  Wash 
Dickson  who  is  now  doing  time  in  Baltimore.  There  are  others 
nearly  as  famous,  still  in  active  business,  who  make  more  than  a 
living  out  of  it,  and  are  rarely,  if  ever,  arrested.  In  a  nut-shell, 
the  gyp  business  is  a  case  of  the  biter  getting  bit.  Men  who  buy 
gyp  horses  want  to  get  something  for  nothing,  and  in  nine  cases 
out  of  ten  the  buyer  is  as  bad  as  the  seller." 

HENRY  T.  STANWOOD,  court  clerk  of  the  detective  depart- 
ment, was  born  in  Philadelphia,  October  22,  1840.  He  enlisted  in 
the  28th  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  on  July  18,  1861,  and 
re-enlisted  in  the  same  regiment  at  Wauhatchie,  Tenn.,  Dec.  26, 
1863.  He  was  discharged  at  Philadelphia,  July  18,  1865. 
Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  a  special  officer  of  the  police  department, 
May  17,  1884,  and  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions,  to  keep  the  records  of  convictions  and  sentences  of  crim- 
inals, and  furnish  the  court  with  information  as  to  their  antece- 
dents. The  rogues'  gallery  is  also  under  Clerk  Stanwood's  charge, 
as  is  also  the  descriptive  book,  in  which  are  kept  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  criminals,  and  other  details  concerning  them. 

JAMES  S.  LINTON,  who  is  assigned  as  special  officer,  to  take 
charge  of  the  daily  reports  and  records  of  the  district  special  offi- 


304  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

cers  in  the  chief  of  detectives'  office,  was  born  in  St.  Johns,  N.  B., 
on  April  28,  1849.  '  He  enlisted  for  two  years  as  a  private  in  Co. 
F,  loth  Regiment,  U.  S.  Infantry,  Feb.  n,  1865.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  and  assigned  to  his  present  duty  on 
June  2,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  305 


CHAPTER   XII. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  INCENDIARISM. 

BELL  TOWER  BEGINNINGS  OF  THE  FIRE-ALARM  SYSTEM.— 
DETAILS  OF  THE  PERFECTED  PLAN. — SUPERINTEND- 
ENT PHILIPS'  LONG  TERM. — CHIEF  WALKER  AND  HIS 
DUTIES.  — THE  DEPARTMENT'S  NEW  QUARTERS  IN  THE 
CITY  HALL. — MAYOR  SMITH  ON  THE  LOCK-BOX  NUI- 
SANCE.— FUNCTIONS  OF  THE  FIRE  MARSHAL. — EFFECT 
OF  THE  CREATION  OF  THE  OFFICE. — THE  MYSTERY 
OF  THE  LEWIS  FIRE. — INFANTILE  FIRE-BUGS. — DR. 
BLACKBURN'S  SERVICES. — LIGHT  FIRE  LOSS  IN  THE 
CENTENNIAL  YEAR. — SKETCH  OF  CAPTAIN  EMERY. 

THAT  indispensable  branch  of  the  service,  the  police  and  fire- 
alarm  telegraph,  was  established  by  ordinance  of  Councils  in  the 
year  1855,  and  put  into  operation  April  19,  1856.  W.  J.  Philips, 
its  constructor,  was  made  superintendent.  He  was  allowed  one 
assistant,  and  David  R.  Walker,  the  present  head  of  the  city's 
electrical  department,  was  appointed  to  that  position  by  Mr. 
Philips.  For  a  time  after  its  establishment  the  instruments  were 
operated  by  the  lieutenants  and  sergeants  at  the  different  police 
stations ;  but  this  system  having  been  found  unsatisfactory,  Mayor 
Vaux  offered  to  detail  a  certain  number  of  men  to  the  station- 
houses  for  telegraph  duty  specially,  and  of  whom  no  police  duty 
should  be  exacted. 

As  originally  constructed,  there  were  fifty-nine  fire-signal  boxes, 
and  twenty-four  police  stations  in  which  instruments  were  placed. 
About  the  year  1857,  the  number  of  police  stations  was  reduced  to 
sixteen.  Two  operators  were  appointed  for  each  police  district 
station-house,  and  four  assigned  for  duty  at  the  Central  Station. 
The  duties  of  the  operators  at  the  Central  Office  were  to  receive 
all  police  messages  and  fire-alarms,  and  communicate  to  the  bell- 
20 


306  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

ringer  stationed  in  the  bell  tower  on  Independence  Hall  what 
alarm  to  strike.  There  was  a  speaking-tube  leading  from  the  po- 
lice and  fire-alarm  telegraph  office  to  the  bell -tower.  The  district 
was  called  up  to  the  bell-ringer,  who  struck  the  direction  of  the 
fire,  and  the  fire  district  from  which  the  alarm  came.  The  first  in- 
side box  introduced  into  a  fire  house  was  put  in  the  quarters  of  the 
America  Hose,  located  on  Jayne  Street.  This  was  followed  by 
placing  a  box  in  the  house  of  the  Empire  Hook  and  Ladder  Com- 
pany, on  Franklin  Street,  below  Callowhill.  Finally  all  the  fire 
companies  made  application  to  have  gongs  put  in  their  houses  at 
their  own  expense,  which  was  done.  Councils  afterwards  reim- 
bursed the  fire  companies  for  the  outlay. 

The  system  of  fire-signal  box  in  use  at  the  present  time  is  the 
fourth  model  used  in  the  department  since  its  founding.  The  first 
was  made  of  punched  brass  with  a  steel  lever.  This  instrument 
worked  well  enough  for  a  first  alarm,  but  it  was  found  that  the 
person  sounding  the  alarm  broke  the  lever  nearly  every  time. 
Another  instrument  was  substituted  for  this  one,  consisting  of  sub- 
stantial clock  work,  cut  wheels  and  stiff  lever.  Superintendent 
Philips  then  designed  a  new  box,  which  was  used  up  to  1880.  In 
that  year  Councils  made  an  appropriation  of  $40,000  to  the  depart- 
ment, for  the  purpose  of  improving  and  extending  the  whole  sys- 
tem. Ten  thousand  dollars  of  this  sum  were  to  be  expended  in 
fitting  the  new  offices  of  the  department  in  the  new  public  build- 
ings, the  balance  of  the  appropriation  to  be  used  in  extending  the 
lines  and  increasing  the  number  and  improving  the  signal-boxes. 
In  that  year  the  work  of  tearing  out  the  old  fire-signal  boxes  was 
begun,  and  the  best  and  latest  improved  boxes  substituted.  There 
are  now  430  street  signal-stations,  and  telegraph  instruments  are 
located  in  thirty-two  station-houses  and  seven  hospitals.  The 
Central  Office  is  in  communication  with  thirty-three  engine 
houses,  seven  trucks,  the  chief  engineer  of  the  fire  department, 
two  assistant  engineers,  and  the  fire  patrol. 

In  1885  there  was  introduced  a  service  called  the  telephone 
and  signal  service,  by  which  the  Central  Office  is  put  into  direct 
communication,  by  telephone,  with  every  engine  house,  head- 
quarters of  the  fire  department  and  the  fire  patrol.  Alarms  can 
be  sent  over  the  same  wires,  thus  making  two  direct  alarm  cir- 
cuits with  every  engine  house,  truck  house  and  patrol  in  the  city. 
There  has  also  been  established  an  exchange  headquarters  at  the 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


3°7 


offices  of  the  fire  department,  to  distribute  the  messages  sent 
from  the  Central  Office,  and  to  "  cut  in  "  that  office  on  any  par- 
ticular wire  that  it  is  desired  to  bring  into  service. 

In  1884  a  telegraph  line  was  constructed  to  the  Chestnut 
Street  wharf,  so  as  to  bring  the  police  tug,  Stokley,  into  direct 
communication  with  the  Central  Office.  An  apparatus  is  so 
arranged  as  to  run  the  wires  directly  on  board  the  boat  while 
lying  at  her  moorings.  This  extension  has  proved  of  great  im- 
portance in  communicating  alarms  of  fire  along  the  river  front. 

Superintendent  W.  J.  Philips  retired  from  office  in  December, 
1884.  Upon  leaving  the  department  he  said  : 

"  It  is  with  pride  I  recall  the  fact  that  for  twenty-eight  •success.ive 
years  I  have  been  privileged  to  hold  the  position  of  superintendent 
of  this  department,  after  enjoying  the  honor  of  constructing  and 
putting  in  operation  the  first  combined  system  of  police  and  fire 
telegraph  ever  introduced  in  the  world.  Our  police  telegraph  is 
second  to  none  in  the  country." 

The  style  of  the  department  was  changed  in  1884  from  the 
police  and  fire  telegraph  to  that  of  the  electrical  department. 
David  R.  Walker,  chief  of  the  electrical  department,  was  born 
January  3,  1829,  in  Ashland,  Ohio.  At  the  age  of  12,  he  entered 
the  employ  of  a  dry  goods  firm  as  errand  boy,  where  he  re- 
mained five  years.  He  then  learned  telegraphy,  and  worked  as 
an  operator  on  the  Wade  line  for  six  months  in  1847,  at  Mans- 
field, Ohio.  About  that  time  the  Farmers'  Branch  Bank  of  the 
State  of  Ohio  was  started,  and  Mr.  Walker  was  employed  in  the 
bank  for  some  time. 

He  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1849  under  an  engagement  with 
Dunlap  &  Grossman,  silk  merchants  on  Market  Street,  and  in 
December,  1856,  was  appointed  telegraph  operator  by  Mayor 
Vaux.  In  the  spring  of  1858  he  was  appointed  by  Superintendent 
Philips,  assistant  superintendent  of  the  police  and  fire-alarm  tele- 
graph. He  remained  in  that  position  until  December,  1883,  when 
he  was  elected  chief  of  the  department.  He  has  been  nearly 
thirty  years  in  the  city's  service,  in  the  electrical  department. 

When  Chief  Walker  assumed  the  duties  of  his  position  he  re- 
organized the  whole  force  of  the  department.  The  post  of 
assistant  was  abolished  and  the  office  of  manager  created.  The 
force  of  his  office  consists  of  a  manager,  an  inspector,  five  line- 
men, nine  operators  and  one  clerk.  John  C.  Stager  is  manager, 


308  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Robert  Gillan,  inspector,  and  William  Culbertson,  clerk.  All  the 
employees  of  the  department  are  appointed  by  the  chief. 

This  officer  of  the  electrical  department  has  general  supervision 
of  all  electrical  matters  of  the  city :  fire,  police,  telephone  and 
electric-light  service,  as  well  as  the  construction  and  maintenance 
of  all  telegraph,  telephone  and  electric-light  wires  and  poles,  and 
the  laying  and  construction  of  underground  conduits  and  cables 
for  electrical  purposes.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Highway  Supervisors,  who  have  control  over  the  breaking  of  the 
streets  for  all  underground  structures.  Early  in  the  year  1884, 
Mayor  Smith  contracted  with  the  Gamewell  Fire  Alarm  Tele- 
graph Company,  for  the  erection  of  the  patrol  signal-service  sys- 
tem, already  successfully  experimented  with  by  Mayor  King,  and 
by  order  of  the  Mayor  the  construction  was  under  the  supervision 
and  direction  of  Chief  Walker. 

The  new  quarters  of  the  electrical  department,  which  were 
taken  possession  of  the  first  of  the  year  1887,  are  located  in  the 
City  Hall,  and  were  fitted  up  under  the  direct  supervision  of 
Chief  Walker.  They  are  very  complete,  not  only  in  added  con- 
venience for  the  employees,  but  in  the  magnificent  outfit  of  elec- 
trical apparatus,  which  is  considered  to  be  the  most  complete  in 
the  world.  The  rooms,  three  in  number,  are  on  the  fifth  and 
sixth  floors,  on  the  Juniper  Street  side  of  the  building,  immedi- 
ately opposite  Market  Street.  In  these  rooms  are  situated  the 
police  signals  and  telegraphs,  the  fire-alarm,  repeating  and  re- 
cording instruments,  the  switch-boards  and  the  batteries.  The 
wires  from  all  the  various  services  concentrate  in  these  rooms. 
These  wires  are  collected  together  at  the  corner  of  Cuthbert  and 
Juniper  streets,  and  are  conveyed  through  the  building  in  brick, 
iron  and  wooden  conduits,  to  the  handsomely  fitted  up  room  of 
the  chief  of  the  service.  In  this  room  are  the  testing  instruments 
and  the  lightning  arrester. 

From  the  lightning  arrester  the  wires  are  conducted  beneath 
the  flooring  to  the  main  operating  room.  This  room  is  striking  in 
its  spaciousness  and  general  beauty  and  by  the  extremely  hand- 
some collection  of  instruments.  On  the  west  side  of  the  room  is  a 
beautifully  carved  switch-board  of  solid  mahogany.  The  centre 
of  the  room  is  occupied  by  two  large  tables:  on  which  are  placed 
the  various  repeating,  recording  and  telegraph  instruments,  each 
enclosed  in  its  box  of  bevelled  plate-glass,  and  glittering  with 


DAVID  R.  WALKER, 
Chief  of  the  Electrical  Department. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  3!! 

polished  and  engraved  brass  and  nickel.  On  the  south  wall  are 
the  signal  bells  of  the  various  circuits  and  two  signal  telegraph  in- 
struments. Near  the  window  is  the  temporary  telephone  switch- 
board, together  with  the  telephones  and  receivers. 

Each  station-house  in  the  city  is  provided  with  telegraphic 
communication  with  the  Central  Office.  The  wire  from  each 
station,  on  reaching  the  Central  Office,  runs  to  a  signal  bell  and 
thence  to  an  ordinary  telegraph  relay  and  key.  By  this  means  all 
important  information  is  supplied  at  once  to  the  Central  Station, 
and  in  case  of  need,  information  and  orders  can  be  sent  at  once 
to  other  police  stations. 

A  system  has  been  introduced,  different  from  the  old  telegraph 
repeater,  which  will  avoid  many  of  the  difficulties  connected  with 
that  plan,  and — a  fact  which  makes  it  the  more  valuable — the 
messages  under  the  improved  system  will  be  kept  secret,  since  a 
chance  by-stander  who  might  be  able  to  read  a  message  from  a 
sounder  instrument  hears  no  sounder  to  read  from  the  new  one. 
The  instrument  is  a  dial,  whose  face  bears  on  its  circumference 
the  letters  and  numerals,  together  with  the  word  "fire,"  and 
which  has  supported  over  it  a  single  needle.  On  the  outside  of 
the  dial  and  opposite  each  letter  or  figure  is  an  ivory  push  button. 
It  is  intended  to  arrange  one  of  these  instruments  at  each  end  of 
the  line.  Upon  one  of  the  buttons  being  pressed,  the  needle  of 
the  second  dial  will  move  to  the  corresponding  letter,  and  the 
message  is  sent  and  received  without  the  cognizance  of  any 
person  other  than  the  two  operators  at  either  end  of  the  line. 

The  handsomest  part  of  the  outfit  of  the  electrical  department  is 
the  switch-board  of  the  fire-alarm  system,  which  stands  on  the 
western  side  of  the  main  operating  room.  It  is  of  solid  mahogany, 
elaborately  carved,  and  decorated  with  two  heavy  pillars  of 
mahogany,  one  on  either  side.  At  the  top  is  a 'series  of  annuncia- 
tors, which  indicate  by  dropping  a  shutter  covering  the  numbers 
on  which  circuit  the  signal  originated.  Below  these  is  an  elaborate 
system  of  switches  directing  the  current  into  some  one  of  several 
directions. 

Generally  in  cases  of  fire  the  message  is  sent  out  over  all  the 
different  wires  by  the  automatic  repeating  apparatus.  The  ob- 
ject of  this  apparatus  is  practically  to  turn  the  single  message  into 
twenty  or  more  simultaneous  messages,  each  of  which  is  directed 
to  a  fire-engine  house.  The  impulses,  as  they  arrive  from  the 


3i2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

switch-board,  detach  a  lever  which  allows  a  commutator  to  revolve 
by  clock-work.  The  commutator  is  a  cylinder  of  insulating 
material,  on  which  is  set,  in  regular  order,  strips  of  German  silver 
to  the  number  required.  Against  the  cylinder  rests  a  series  of 
springs  corresponding  to  the  number  of  strips. 

Each  impulse  allows  the  commutator  to  make  one  revolution, 
and  during  that  time  each  spring  comes  for  a  brief  period  in  con- 
tact with  a  silver  strip.  The  messages  are  not  sent  out  exactly 
simultaneously,  since  the  strips  are  not  set  on  one  horizontal 
line,  but  before  the  spring  of  the  first  circuit  leaves  its  strip  the 
second  spring  has  made  connection  with  the  second  strip.  As  a 
result,  less  battery  power  and  less  injurious  sparking  takes  place. 
When  the  commutator  is  at  rest,  all  the  springs  rest  on  an  insulat- 
ing surface  of  the  cylinder.  The  strips  and  springs  each  make 
a  portion  of  an  electrical  circuit,  which  is  only  closed  when  they 
are  in  contact.  The  other  end  of  each  circuit  is  in  an  engine 
house,  and  the  result  of  the  impulse  is  to  ring  an  electric  gong 
and  make  a  record  at  the  house.  Each  signal  is  repeated  five 
times  in  order  that  no  doubt  may  arise  as  to  the  number  of  the 
call. 

In  case  any  accident  should  occur  to  the  automatic  repeater,  or 
it  should  be  desired  to  send  out  a  signal  from  the  Central  Station, 
a  hand-automatic  repeater  is  provided,  whereby  the  clerk,  by  sim- 
ply setting  the  number  to  be  repeated,  may  have  the  message  sent 
out  over  the  lines  automatically. 

If  this  second  resource  should  fail,  the  commutator  is  furnished 
with  a  little  crank,  by  which  it  can  be  turned  by  hand  to  the  num- 
ber it  is  required  to  send  out.  Thus  all  possible  contingencies 
are  guarded  against,  except  a  failure  on  the  line,  and  eternal  vigi- 
lance is  the  only  protection  that  can  be  used  against  this  accident. 

It  is  designed  that  the  telephone  service  of  the  police,  which  is 
now  introduced  all  over  the  city,  shall  have  its  Central  Station  in 
these  rooms  in  time.  At  present  the  Police  Central  Telephone 
Station  is  at  the  engine  house  on  Race  Street,  below  Broad,  and 
only  a  small  switch-board  connected  with  all  the  engine  houses  is 
in  the  electrical  rooms. 

The  battery  room  is  situated  in  the  very  top  of  the  middle  of 
the  eastern  portion  of  the  buildings.  It  is  a  room  about  sixty  feet 
square,  and  without  a  ceiling,  the  roof  of  the  building  being  high 
arched. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  313 

Almost  the  entire  floor  space  is  occupied  by  a  series  of  heavy 
frames  of  ash,  carved  and  beaded,  and  resembling  the  old-fash- 
ioned clothes-horse.  Each  frame  has  several  transverse  bars,  and 
is  massive  in  strength  and  size.  They  rest  upon  heavy  glass  feet, 
which  in  turn  are  cemented  to  the  asphalt  floor. 

The  transverse  bars  of  these  frames  are  perforated  with  holes, 
h.  which  are  set  the  pivots  of  saucers  for  carrying  the  battery  cups. 
Thus  each  battery  is  insulated  from  the  frame  by  a  china  saucer, 
and  the  frame,  itself  an  insulator,  is  insulated  from  everything  else 
by  the  glass  feet.  The  wires  from  the  batteries  pass  down  a  bead- 
ing in  the  ash  frame  to  the  floor,  where  they  are  enclosed  in  little 
trenches  in  the  asphalt  flooring  and  conducted  to  the  wall,  where 
they  are  connected  to  a  series  of  wires  running  up  from  the 
switch-board  of  the  operating  room.  The  battery  used  is  the  va- 
riety known  as  the  gravity  cell.  In  a  service  of  such  vital  impor- 
tance the  necessity  of  insulation  is  apparent,  and  in  the  new  outfit 
this  has  been  carefully  attended  to.  In  order  to  try  the  perfection 
of  this  insulation,  the  department  is  provided  with  a  beautiful  set 
of  testing  instruments  of  great  value  and  usefulness.  It  includes 
among  others  a  standard  cell,  two  resistance  boxes,  a  tangent  gal- 
vanometer, and  a  fine  reflecting  galvanometer.  With  these  instru- 
ments, the  lines  are  constantly  tested,  and  the  slightest  leak  of 
electrical  energy  can  be  detected  and  prevented. 

Mayor  Smith,  in  speaking  recently  of  the  electric  service  of  the 
city,  said  : 

"There  is  one  thing  which  needs  to  be  remedied,  that  is  that 
policemen  now  have  absolute  possession  of  the  keys  of  fire-boxes. 
If  a  fire  is  discovered  a  policeman  has  to  be  found  before  an 
alarm  can  be  struck.  In  other  cities  reputable  citizens  are  given 
keys,  and  placards  over  the  boxes  state  where  keys  can  be  pro- 
cured. In  some  places  the  keys  are  beside  the  boxes.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  fire  department  are  too  much  afraid  of  false  alarms. 
The  present  system  may  result  in  a  disaster  in  a  district 
where  police  are  sparse." 

One  of  the  most  important  branches  of  the  Philadelphia  police, 
in  the  protection  of  the  homes  and  lives  of  her  citizens,  is  the  of- 
fice of  fire  marshal.  As  far  back  as  Mayor  Vaux's  time,  the  ne- 
cessity of  such  an  officer  was  recognized,  and  Dr.  Alexander  W. 
Blackburn  was  detailed  to  discharge  his  duties,  although  the  title 
of  fire  marshal  did  not  legally  attach  to  him  until  some  years  later, 


314  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

when  Councils  passed  an  ordinance  creating  it.  The  action  of 
Mayor  Vaux  in  forming  a  fire  police  was  acknowledged  to  have 
been  one  of  the  wisest  acts  of  his  administration,  and  certainly  no 
branch  of  the  detective  department  was  ever  established  which 
won  such  general  popularity.  The  continuance  of  the  system  was 
one  of  the  first  steps  of  Mayor  Henry's  administration.  The  or- 
ders of  continuance  give  the  duties  of  the  office,  and  run  as 
follows  : 

1.  High  Constable  A.  W.   Blackburn,  of  the  detective  force,  is 
detailed   as  fire   marshal,  and  will  be  respected  and  obeyed  ac- 
cordingly.     His  headquarters  will  be  at   the  Central  Police  Sta- 
tion.    All  orders   emanating   from  him    must  be  complied   with, 
and  executed  with  the  utmost   promptness  and  despatch,  and  it  is 
made  imperative  upon    the  officers    of  the  police  department,  at 
all   times,  to  cheerfully  render  him   every  assistance  in   the  per- 
formance of  his  duties. 

2.  The  lieutenants  are   directed  to  enjoin  upon  the  officers  of 
their  respective  divisions  the  great  importance  of  vigilance  in  dis- 
covering, and  quickness  in  extinguishing  fires,  as  well  as  alertness 
in  giving  the   alarm  for    the   same,  when    necessary.     Patrolmen, 
especially  those  on  night  duty,  must  be  required  to  give  particular 
attention  to  the  prevention  of  incendiarism,  and  the  detection  of 
incendiaries.     The  patrol  officers  must  also   be  instructed  to  exer- 
cise constant  watchfulness,  in   order  to  prevent  false  alarms  by 
mischievous    parties  tampering   with  the    telegraph   signal-boxes 
and  building  bonfires.     All  persons  detected  in  such  acts  must 
be  instantly  taken  into  custody,  and  held  to  answer. 

3.  All  properties  on  the  several  beats  of  the  patrolmen,  which, 
from  their  exposed  situation  or  combustible  character,  offer  pecul- 
iar temptation  to  the  incendiary — such,  for  instance,  as  unoccu- 
pied houses,  unfinished  buildings,  sheds,  out-houses,  stables,  barns, 
lumber  yards,  shops,  establishments  for  the   storage   and   sale  of 
hay  and  straw,  rag  warehouses,  paper  stores,  etc., — should  be  spe- 
cially watched,  and  all  prowlers  seen  at  unseasonable  hours,  under 
circumstances  to  warrant  a  suspicion  of  incendiary  designs,  should 
in  all  cases  be  overhauled,  and  those  failing  to  give  a  satisfactory 
account  of  themselves  should  be  invariably  taken  to  the  station- 
house.     All  buildings  found  open,  partially  dilapidated,  or  in  any 
way   exposed  to  the   depredations    of   incendiaries,  must   be    re- 
ported to  the  fire  marshal. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


315 


4.  Every  fire  that  occurs,  however  trivial  it  may  be,  even  to  the 
burning  of  a  bed,  or  a  window  curtain,  or  the  blazing  of  a  foul 
chimney,  must  be  at  once  reported  by  the  officer  on  whose  beat  it 
happens,  and  information  of  it  transmitted  forthwith  by  telegraph 
to  the  Central  Station,  for  the  attention  of  the  fire  marshal. 

5.  Whenever  a  fire  takes  place,  the  premises  burned  shall  be 
taken  charge  of  by  the  police,  and  after  the  extinguishment  of  the 
flames,  nothing  allowed  to  be  disturbed  until  the  arrival  of  the  fire 
marshal,  to  whom  the  officers  are  expected  to  yield  the  readiest 
aid  in  making  his  investigations. 

6.  All  parties  detected  in  the  commission  of  arson,  or  suspected 
of  having  committed  or  intending  to  commit  that  crime,  must  be 
promptly  arrested,  and  detained  for  examination  by  the  fire  mar- 
shal, who  is  to  be  notified  of  the  arrest  as  speedily  as  possible. 
No  person  apprehended  by  the  officers  for  incendiarism  shall  be 
taken  before  a  committing  magistrate  for  a  hearing  until  the  fire 
marshal  has  been  informed  of  the  arrest,  and  has  had  an  opportu- 
nity of  thoroughly  examining  the  case. 

7.  Every  officer  of  the  police  who  may  obtain  any  information 
relative  to  fires  which  have  been  the  work  of  design,  or  may  have 
knowledge  of  parties  suspected  of  being  incendiaries,  will,  without 
delay,  communicate  the  same  to  the  fire  marshal. 

8.  The  fire  detective  branch  being  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  the  police  service,  every  officer  of  the  department  is 
enjoined  to  be  active   and  vigilant  in  aiding  the  fire  marshal  to 
ferret  out  and   bring  to  justice  the  criminals  who  wantonly  and 
wickedly  destroy  property,  and  jeopardize  human  life. 

The  duties  of  the  fire  marshal,  as  prescribed  by  Mayor  Henry, 
are  substantially  the  same  to-day. 

Immediately  upon  the  establishment  of  the  office  of  fire  mar- 
shal, this  new  branch  of  the  police  service  was  seen  to  have  a  ben- 
eficial effect  in  the  decrease  of  the  number  of  fires.  A  great 
many  fires  were  prevented  by  the  vigilance  and  resolution  of  the 
patrolmen,  and  numerous  others  discovered  in  their  incipient 
state,  and  extinguished  before  gaining  dangerous  headway.  The 
services  of  the  night  patrol  were  particularly  valuable  in  quietly 
putting  out  small  fires,  and  promptly  giving  the  alarm  for  more 
serious  ones. 

The  whole  number  of  fires  in  the  city  in  1858  was  824.  Of 
these  only  350  required  the  services  of  the  fire  department  for 


316  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

their  extinction.  The  police  discovered  and  put  out  eighty-three, 
while  the  remaining  391  were  stifled  by  the  inmates  of  the  dwell- 
ings, or  other  premises  in  which-  they  took  place. 

Prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  fire  detective  department  in 
1857,  the  records  of  the  criminal  courts  from  1820,  a  period  of 
thirty-seven  years,  show  the  convictions  for  arson  in  Philadelphia 
did  not  average  one  a  year,  and  sometimes  for  a  period  of  several 
years  in  succession  there  was  not  a  solitary  conviction  for  that 
crime.  In  1860,  three  years  after  the  department  was  created, 
Fire  Marshal  Blackburn  stated  : 

"  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  property  is  at  this  time  better 
protected  against  fire,  and  life  is  more  secure  in  Philadelphia,  than 
in  any  other  American  city.  Every  fireman  is  constantly  on  the 
look-out,  and  every  policeman  is  a  fire  detective ;  the  police  and 
fire  telegraph  gives  instant  warning  of  danger  at  any  point,  and 
a  score  of  steamers  are  ever  on  the  alert  to  dash  with  lightning 
speed  to  the  scene  of  threatened  conflagration."  The  total 
number  of  fires  for  1859  was  363,  a  large  reduction  over  the 
preceding  year. 

In  1860  there  were  sixty-eight  arrests  made  by  the  fire  detective 
police.  Fifteen  were  convicted  of  arson.  In  the  first  three  years 
and  seven  months  there  were  321  'persons  arrested,  either  on  the 
direct  charge  of  arson,  or  on  suspicion  of  having  committed  or  in- 
tended to  commit  that  crime,  or  having  been  accessory  to  the 
offence,  either  before  or  after  the  fact,  or  both,  endeavoring  to 
induce  others  to  perpetrate  the  felony,  or  threatening  to  burn 
houses  or  other  property.  Forty-eight  persons  were  found  guilty 
of  the  felony  of  arson,  or  the  misdemeanor  of  attempted  arson. 
Eighty-two,  on  examination  before  committing  magistrates,  were 
required  to  enter  sureties  for  their  good  behavior.  The  convic- 
tions for  arson  in  this  time  exceeded  the  whole  number  that  took 
place  in  a  period  of  forty  years  prior  to  the  organization  of  the 
fire  detective  police. 

Dr.  Alexander  W.  Blackburn,  in  the  course  of  his  long  career 
as  fire  marshal,  had  many  remarkable  experiences  with  incendia- 
ries. The  most  remarkable,  perhaps,  was  that  of  G.  W.  Lewisj 
which  is  here  related  in  Fire  Marshal  Blackburn's  own  words  : 

"  The  most  extraordinary  fire  of  the  year  (1862),  indeed  the 
most  remarkable  one  that  ever  came  under  my  notice  since  I 
filled  the  position  of  fire  marshal,  was  the  extensive  conflagration 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


3'7 


at  Lewis'  drug  store,  in  Fourth  Street,  above  Chestnut,  in  the 
month  of  January.  This  store  took  fire  in  the  second  story  at  four 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  and  so  rapid  was  the  progress  of  the 
flames  that  it  was  impossible  to  check  them  until  the  whole  inte- 
rior of  the  building,  from  the  cellar  to  the  fifth  story,  was  destroyed, 
and  the  entire  stock  in  the  place  consumed.  The  fire  was  the  sub- 
ject of  much  comment,  and  the  general  opinion  as  to  its  cause  was 
adverse  to  the  proprietor.  His  own  account  of  the  origin,  though 
plausible,  was  received  with  doubt.  He  attributed  the  mishap  to 
the  capsizing  of  a  cracked  and  rickety  stove,  in  which  there  was  a 
hot  fire  ;  and  his  statement  was  strongly  confirmed  by  the  evi- 
dence of  a  boy  in  his  employ.  Still,  there  were  singular  and  mys- 
terious circumstances  brought  to  light  by  the  investigation,  which 
excited  grave  suspicions. 

"  G.  W.  Lewis  had  been  operating  in  Philadelphia,  periodically, 
for  more  than  a  year,  but  no  one  knew  him.  He  hailed  from  the 
South,  and,  after  the  advent  of  the  Rebellion,  represented  him- 
self as  a  Union  refugee.  His  conduct  was  strange  and  erratic. 
He  was  a  sort  of  living  myth — in  fact,  an  enigma.  He  came  to 
his  store  in  the  morning  and  left  at  night,  but  where  he  made  his 
home  was  unknown.  Though  he  seemed  to  be  constantly  ac- 
cumulating stock,  he  neither  bought  nor  sold  here.  Two  cargoes 
of  goods  were  shipped  to  him  from  Boston  in  Philadelphia  pack- 
ets, but  of  whom  he  purchased  them  never  could  be  ascertained. 
Fictitious  names  were  used  in  the  bills  of  lading.  All  that  he 
ever  communicated  in  regard  to  his  business  was,  that  he  was 
collecting  an  immense  stock  of  drugs,  chemicals  and  medicinal 
preparations,  in  anticipation  of  the  speedy  close  of  the  war,  and 
the  consequent  opening  of  Southern  ports,  to  ship  to  South  Caro- 
lina, and  other  seceded  States,  from  which  intended  ventures  he 
expected  to  realize  a  speedy  fortune. 

"  He  claimed  that  the  total  value  of  his  stock  in  store,  at  the 
time  of  the  fire,  was  $25,000 ;  on  which  he  had  managed  to  ob- 
tain policies  of  insurance  to  the  amount  of  $15,000.  In  the 
opinion  of  competent  judges  he  never  really  had  in  his  place  over 
$5000  worth  of  goods.  The  arrangement  of  the  stock  was  such 
as  to  cause  it  to  appear  large,  but  the  belief  is  that  it  was  a 
most  deceptive  make-up. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  suspicions  against  him,  it  was  found  im- 
possible to  procure  any  testimony  that  would  implicate  him  in  a 


318  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

charge  of  arson.  All  the  facts  and  circumstances  of  the  case  ap- 
parently tended  to  show  that  the  fire  was  one  of  those  '  accidental- 
on-purpose '  jobs  that  bad  men  now  and  then  do,  who  have  not 
the  courage  to  play  the  part  of  the  deliberate  incendiary.  What- 
ever might  have  been  the  real  cause  of  the  fire, — whether  it  hap- 
pened by  accident  or  design,  whether  there  was  crime  in  it  or 
not, — what  subsequently  transpired  in  connection  with  Lewis 
proved  him  to  be  a  rascal ;  and,  if  not  a  store-burner,  a  cool 
swindler  at  least.  When  he  came  to  make  his  claim  of  the  under- 
writers, several  of  whom,  fortunately,  were  prominent  and  ex- 
perienced druggists,  he  was  detected  in  a  most  audacious  and 
unblushing  attempt  at  fraud.  He  claimed  a  total  loss  on  his 
policies,  and  although  his  books  and  papers,  as  he  alleged,  had 
all  been  burned,  he  presented  a  statement,  purporting  to  have 
been  made  up  from  a  private  copy  of  a  recent  inventory,  kept  at 
his  lodgings,  in  which  his  destroyed  stock  was  made  to  foot  up 
$31,000.  The  document  was  a  weak,  miserable  invention,  exhib- 
iting the  most  lamentable  ignorance  of  the  drug  business,  both  as 
to  the  correct  names  and  value  of  articles,  as  well  as  an  utter 
lack  of  knowledge  of  the  true  state  of  the  Northern  markets.  In 
this  paper,  he  had  so  far  overreached  himself,  that  the  under- 
writers, holding  him  in  their  power,  cornered  him,  and  drove  him 
to  the  wall.  They  demanded  proper  vouchers  as  proofs,  which 
he  promised  to  produce  by  visits  to  Baltimore,  New  York,  Boston 
and  other  places.  Time  being  asked  and  allowed  for  this  object, 
he  disappeared  from  the  city,  and  has  never  been  heard  of  since. 
Every  effort  was  made  to  learn  his  history,  and  ascertain  his 
whereabouts,  but  with  little  or  no  success.  Enough  was  discov- 
ered to  prove  that  he  belonged  to  a  class  of  cheats,  known  in 
New  York  as  bogus  operators ;  and  it  was  believed  that  after  he 
fled  from  Philadelphia  he  wended  his  way  South." 

One  of  the  most  perplexing  difficulties  with  which  Fire  Marshal 
Blackburn  had  to  deal  was  the  amount  of  mischief  in  the  way  of 
burning,  by  boys  between  the  ages  of  five  and  fifteen.  This  class 
of  young  offenders  gave  the  police  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  particu- 
larly during  the  vacation  of  the  public  schools.  Between  the  first 
of  June  and  the  first  of  September,  1862,  there  were  no  less  than 
thirty-four  of  them  arrested.  A  number  of  these  prisoners  were 
too  young  to  be  moral  agents,  and,  of  course,  could  not  be  held 
legally  responsible.  An  examination  of  several  of  the  juvenile 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  3!9 

incendiaries  arrested  and  brought  before  Fire  Marshal  Blackburn 
showed  that  they  were  affected  with  a  regular  pyromania.  A 
remarkable  case  of  this  kind  was  that  of  a  boy  who  burnt  an  ice- 
house, and  afterwards  set  fire  to  six  other  places.  A  day  or  two 
before  firing  the  first  place,  he  was  sitting  at  the  door  with  his 
grandmother,  when,  all  at  once,  he  looked  up  into  her  face  and 
asked  her,  if  her  house  should  be  set  on  fire,  whether  God  could 
put  out  the  flames.  Her  answer  being  in  the  affirmative,  he 
wanted  to  know  how.  She  was  fortunate  in  answering  that  He 
could  send  a  shower  of  rain,  which  seemed  to  satisfy  the  lad,  and 
he  said  nothing  more  then  ;  but  the  next  day  his  mind  was  again 
running  upon  the  subject  of  fires.  Another  case  was  that  of  a 
little  girl  in  a  boarding-house  at  Fourth  and  Arch  streets.  The 
child  fired  some  kindling-wood  in  the  cellar,  and  while  the  fire 
marshal  was  on  the  premises  making  his  investigations  of  that 
fire,  she  actually  ran  up  stairs,  and  setting  fire  to  a  chamber,  came 
near  burning  down  the  house  ! 

In  1864  the  office  of  fire  marshal  was  recognized  by  Councils. 
That  year  was  a  memorable  one  for  its  fire  record  in  both  the 
Old  and  New  World.  Abroad,  whole  towns  were  swept  away,  and 
miles  of  forest  and  heath  laid  waste.  In  America,  the  occurrence 
of  fires  was  of  remarkable  frequency,  and  many  of  the  conflagra- 
tions were  unusually  disastrous.  The  losses  were  enormous. 
From  statistics,  the  total  loss  by  burning  in  the  United  States 
was  estimated  at  not  less  than  $50,000,000.  Philadelphia,  how- 
ever, was  favored  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year  with  compar- 
ative exemption  from  fires.  The  total  number  was  394,  entailing 
a  loss  of  $1,000,000.  In  1866  there  were  in  Philadelphia  594 
fires,  an  increase  of  200  over  the  preceding  year,  with  a  loss  of 
over  $3,000,000.  The  year  1867  brought  519  fires,  loss  $719,000. 
The  year  1869  was  another  remarkable  one  for  fires.  In  Phila- 
delphia there  were  623.  Loss  $5,067.125.  In  1870,  639  fires; 
loss,  $2,477,933.  In  the  beginning  of  this  year  Mayor  Fox  offered 
a  standing  reward  for  information  leading  to  the  detection,  arrest 
and  conviction  of  incendiaries.  It  had  a  marked  effect  in  de- 
terring that  most  dangerous  class  of  offenders. 

H.  G.  Clark  succeeded  Dr.  Blackburn  as  fire  marshal,  under 
Mayor  Stokley.  Dr.  Blackburn  served  under  mayors  Vaux  (who 
appointed  him  fire  detective,  and  created  his  office),  Henry,  Fox, 
and  McMichael,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  on  November  30, 


320  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1871.  He  was  appointed,  originally,  February  i,  1857.  He  was 
a  capable,  zealous  and  efficient  officer.  All  of  his  public  docu- 
ments bear  the  stamp  of  a  man  of  intellect  and  research,  and  he 
devoted  himself  unceasingly  to  the  discharge  of  his  important 
duties. 

Fire  Marshal  Clark,  while  acting  as  police  captain,  was  detailed 
to  serve  as  fire  marshal  and  for  seven  months  of  the  year  1872 
filled  both  positions.  On  August  i,  1872,  he  was  tendered  the 
appointment  of  fire  marshal,  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr. 
Blackburn.  In  1872  there  were  603  fires,  loss,  $2,173,140.83,  and 
in  1873,  859  fires,  and  a  loss  of  $950,602.75. 

Fire  Marshal  Clark  resigned  from  the  office  in  1873,  to  accept 
another  position,  and  James  S.  Thompson  was  appointed  in  his 
place.  He  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties  January  i, 
1874.  The  number  of  fires  that  year  was  669,  loss,  $1,193,970. 
Although  1876,  the  Centennial  year,  was  one  in  which  it  might 
have  been  expected  that  the  loss  by  fire  would  have  been  very 
large,  owing  to  the  large  number  of  temporary  structures  of  an 
inflammable  character  erected  for  business  purposes,  incident  to 
the  Centennial  Exposition,  and  from  the  large  number  of  visitors 
constantly  coming  and  going,  it  was  to  be  presumed  there  would 
be  a  great  many  fires  resulting  from  accidents  and  carelessness? 
yet  Fire  Marshal  Thompson  reported  that  the  losses  from  fire  for 
1876  were  $159,162  less  than  those  for  1875.  There  Was  an  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  fires,  however,  there  being  775.  In  1880 
there  were  843  fires,  loss  $1,196,136. 

Fire  Marshal  Thompson  was  succeeded  in  office  by  Captain 
William  R.  Heins,  who  died  soon  after  assuming  the  duties  of  his 
office.  To  fill  the  vacancy,  Charles  W.  Wood  was  appointed  by 
Mayor  Samuel  G.  King,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office 
November  i,  1882.  Fire  Marshal  Wood  made  a  recqrd  for  him- 
self as  an  efficient  and  conscientious  officer  while  in  the  depart- 
ment. He  resigned  in  February,  1886,  when  Captain  John  W. 
Emery  was  appointed  his  successor  by  Mayor  Smith. 

Captain  Emery,  who  is  the  present  incumbent,  was  born  June 
31,  1851,  in  Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  boyhood  and 
early  manhood  years  were  passed.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  carpenters'  trade.  He  subsequently  was  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business  in  Crawford  and  Venango  counties,  being 
part  owner  in  a  steam  saw-mill.  He  then  became  a  contractor  and 


JOHN  W.  EMERY, 
Fire  Marshall. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


323 


builder.  He  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1871.  After  being  here  a 
year,  following  his  occupation  as  carpenter  and  builder,  he  was 
compelled  to  give  up  business  on  account  of  a  severe  sun-stroke 
which  he  suffered,  which  rendered  him  incapable  of  attending  to 
any  business  for  several  years.  '  As  a  builder,  Mr.  Emery  was 
quite  successful,  and  erected  a  number  of  substantial  and  costly 
houses. 

In  1880  he  was  elected  by  the  Board  of  Health  as  inspector  in 
that  department.  He  was  on  duty  while  the  small-pox  raged  in 
the  years  1882-83,  during  which  time  he  often  had  as  high  as  ten  or 
twelve  houses  to  visit  daily  which  were  infected  with  small-pox. 
He  made  for  himself  a  most  excellent  record  in  the  Health  De- 
partment as  inspector,  and  when  he  resigned  his  position  to  ac- 
cept the  captaincy  of  the  Second  Police  Division,  tendered  him 
by  Mayor  Smith,  his  associates  in  the  department  presented  Mr. 
Emery  with  handsomely  engrossed  resolutions  of  regret  at  the  sev- 
erance of  their  official  relations,  and  congratulations  on  his  eleva- 
tion to  his  new  and  responsible  position.  Mr.  Emery's  was  among 
the  first  appointments  announced  by  Mayor  Smith,  the  Mayor 
having  tendered  him  the  captaincy  of  the  Second  Police  Di- 
vision several  weeks  before  his  inauguration.  Consequently  Cap- 
tain Emery  came  into  office  with  the  new  administration  on  April 
7,  1884.  He  was  known  as  the  "  Captain  Williams "  of  the 
force.  The  Mayor  detailed  him  to  take  charge  of  the  peace  and 
good  order  at  all  important  sporting  events  that  occurred  in  the 
city.  He  had  charge  of  a  squad  of  men  at  the  Belmont  track 
when  Maud  S.  trotted  there  in  1884,  which  event  collected  nearly 
15,000  people  at  the  track.  He  handled  the  crowds  which  attended 
Buffalo  Bill's  show  at  the  Gentlemen's  Driving  Park.  He  was  in 
charge  of  all  sparring  matches  which  excited  more  than  ordinary 
interest,  and  at  all  of  them  insisted  upon  and  maintained  good 
order  and  decorum.  He  is  himself  a  man  of  magnificent 
physique,  and  was  well  prepared  to  see  that  any  orders  he  might 
give  were  obeyed,  on  personal  grounds  alone. 

It  has  been  said  of  Captain  Emery  that  "  he  is  the  best  fire 
marshal  the  city  has  had  since  Fire  Marshal  Blackburn's  time." 
High,  indeed,  would  be  the  standard,  if  all  marshals  were  required 
to  come  up  to  the  qualifications  of  that  most  capable  official  whose 
skill  and  ripe  experience  were  gleaned  by  many  years  of  untiring 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

labor  and  zealous  work.  Fire  Marshal  Emery  is  a  man  who  be- 
lieves in  the  maxim,  whatever  is  worth  doing  is  worth  doing  well, 
and  his  duties  are  of  such  a  nature  that  he  can  never  say  that  his 
work  is  done. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


325 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

THE  DIVISION  COMMANDERS. 

PATROLMAN  BROWN  AND  THE  MURDERERS  OF  THE 
"  SLUMS." — "  LIMPY  "  CLARK'S  QUICK  TRIP  TO  JAIL.— 
ROOTING  OUT  "  BADGER  THIEVING."— CAPTAIN  EDGAR 
TAKES  1200  PRISONERS. — THE  KENSINGTON  WEAVERS' 
EXPERIENCE  WITH  CAPTAIN  QUIRK. — CHASE  AND 
CAPTURE  OF  THE  FERNWOOD  ROBBERS. — LIEUTENANT 
ALLBRIGHT  REORGANIZES  THE  SEVENTH  DISTRICT.— 
HARD  USAGE  BY  BRECKENRIDGE  DEMOCRATS. — THE 
SAVING  FUND  ROBBERY. — "COFFEE  POT"  NATURAL- 
IZATION PAPERS. 

CAPTAIN  THOMAS  BROWN  commands  the  First  Police  Divis- 
ion and  his  headquarters  are  at  the  Central  Office  at  Fifth  and 
Chestnut  streets.  The  division  covers  the  entire  portion  of  the  city 
lying  south  of  Chestnut  Street,  between  the  Delaware  River  and 
the  county  line.  His  command  includes  the  Reserves,  the  First, 
Second,  Third,  Fifth,  Seventeenth,  Nineteenth,  Twenty-first  and 
Twenty-fifth  Police  Districts  and  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police. 
This  immense  territory  is  patrolled  and  officered  by  a  few  less  than 
five  hundred  men. 

Captain  Brown  was  born,  on  January  19,  1834,  at  Machrafelt, 
County  Derry,  Ireland,  and  he  was  a  very  young  boy  when  his 
parents  brought  him  to  America,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia.  He 
received  a  public  school  education.  When  quite  young  he 
learned  and  became  an  expert  at  the  trade  of  brick-making.  He 
was  made  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Henry  on  August  i,  1860,  and 
assigned  for  duty  to  the  Fifth  District,  the  station-house  of  which 
was  at  Fifteenth  and  Locust  streets,  and  continued  in  active  ser- 
vice through  the  terms  of  Mayor  Henry  and  Mayor  McMichael. 
After  serving  a  month  under  Mayor  Fox  he  resigned  from  the 


326  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

force  on  February  i,  1869,  to  take  a  position  as  letter-carrier, 
obtained  for  him  by  Hon.  William  Elliott,  at  that  time  speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  and  afterwards  sheriff  of  the 
County  of  Philadelphia.  Mayor  Stokley  called  him  back  to  the 
service  of  the  city  by  appointing  him,  on  January  i,  1872,  as 
lieutenant  of  the  Nineteenth  District,  which  at  that  time  included 
the  entire  Seventh  Ward,  taking  in  from  Seventh  Street  to  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  from  Spruce  Street  to  South.  After  serv- 
ing as  lieutenant  for  twelve  years  and  six  months,  through  Mayor 
Stokley's  several  administrations  and  also  that  of  Mayor  King, 
Mayor  Smith  promoted  Lieutenant  Brown  to  the  captaincy  of 
the  Fourth  Division,  and  in  January,  1886,  transferred  him  to  the 
First  Division,  where,  besides  performing  the  ordinary  duties  of 
his  position,  he  is  called  upon  to  act  as  deputy  to  Chief  Stewart 
in  the  latter's  absence. 

Politics  have  commanded  a  great  deal  of  Captain  Brown's  at- 
tention, though  never  to  the  neglect  of  his  duty,  and  twice  he  has 
served  his  ward  in  the  city  committee  and  for  four  terms  he  served 
as  chairman  of  the  ward  executive  committee.  During  the  term 
of  his  services  as  patrolman  he  had  the  hardest  day  and  night 
beats  in  the  district.  In  the  day  time  he  patrolled  Seventh, 
Eighth  and  Lombard  streets  and  all  those  small  intermediate 
streets  which  constituted  then  as  now  the  slums  of  the  city.  His 
night  beat  included  Walnut  and  Sansom,  Eighth  and  Ninth 
streets,  and  the  Walnut  and  Grand  Central  theatres  were  under 
his  special  care.  During  war  times  the  Grand  Central  was  run  by 
Frederick  Ames  and  Robert  Fox,  and  it  nightly  drew  together  the 
toughest  element  of  the  city.  It  was  not  much  above  the  level  of 
the  present-day  concert-dive,  as  drinks  were  served  by  waiter-girls 
and  the  audiences  were  generally  half  or  even  wholly  drunk  before 
the  end  of  the  performance.  Scarcely  a  night  passed  that  three 
or  four  brawls  did  not  occur  either  in  the  theatre  or  upon  the 
street  in  front  of  it,  and  in  the  face  of  knives,  pistols  and  clubs, 
Patrolman  Brown  and  his  side-partner  had  to  jump  in  and  quell 
the  disturbance  and  arrest  the  participants.  This  was,  as  a  gen- 
eral rule,  no  slight  undertaking,  and  many  a  tough  tussle  he  had 
with  firemen  and  butcher  boys ;  but  he  came  through  all  these 
affrays  without  serious  injury  to  himself.  During  his  career  he 
made  many  important  arrests,  but  the  police  records  were  not  well 


THOMAS  BROWN, 
Captain  of  the  First  Division. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


329 


kept  in  those  days,  and  Captain  Brown  remembers  but  few  of  the 
names  of  even  his  important  captures. 

In  the  summer  of  1861,  he  arrested,  red-handed,  a  murderer, 
who  ran  amuck  along  a  crowded  sidewalk  from  Lombard  to  Si. 
Mary  on  Seventh  Street.  The  man  had  just  enlisted  in  the  army 
that  day  and  he  celebrated  the  opening  of  his  military  career  by  get- 
ting drunk.  He  quarrelled  with  a  man  at  Seventh  and  Lombard. 
He  drew  a  large  dirk  from  his  pocket  and  began  slashing  right 
and  left.  He  tan  up  Seventh  Street  and  on  his  way  cut  seven 
people.  One  of  his  victims,  a  woman,  was  so  badly  cut  that  she 
died  that  night.  A  crowd  surrounded  the  man  at  Seventh  and 
St.  Mary^streets,  but  he  held  them  at  bay  with  his  dirk.  At  this 
juncture  Patrolman  Brown  appeared  on  the  scene  and,  undeterred 
by  the  danger  of  attacking  an  armed  maniac,  for  the  man  was  little 
else,  he  advanced  on  him  to  arrest  him.  With  a  blow  of  his  mace 
he  knocked  the  dirk  from  the  man's  hand  and  closed  with  him, 
and  after  a  terrible  struggle  subdued  and  took  him  to  the 
station-house.  The  murderer  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  six- 
teen years'  imprisonment.  He  died  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary 
after  serving  about  five  years  of  his  term. 

"  Curley  "  Harris,  the  murderer  of  "  Baltimore  Bill,"  was  an- 
other important  capture  made  by  Officer  Brown.  The  crime  was 
committed  in  a  bar-room  on  Locust  Street  above  Eighth,  in  the 
winter  of  1864.  The  pair,  who  were  "pals,"  had  been  out  sleigh- 
ing together  all  day,  and  when  they  arrived  at  the  scene  of  the 
crime  both  were  drunk.  They  quarrelled  and  Harris  plunged  a 
knife  into  "Baltimore  Bill."  He  died  the  same  night  from  the 
effects  of  the  cutting.  As  the  murdered  man  was  held  to  be  as 
good  to  the  community  dead  as  alive,  and  the  prosecution  of  the 
murderer  was  not  vigorously  pushed,  he  was  let  off  with  a  very 
trivial  punishment. 

Frank  and  George,  alias  "  Patsey,"  Morris  were  the  terrors  of 
Tenth  and  South  streets  in  those  days,  but  when  Patrolman  Brown 
let  them  know  that  they  were  "  wanted  "  for  any  of  the  numerous 
affrays  in  which  they  were  implicated,  they  generally  came,  and 
stood  not  upon  the  order  of  their  coming.  Familiar  names  in 
criminal  circles  then  were  those  of  "  Morey "  Harris,  Jimmy 
Haggerty,  Jimmy  Casey  and  Gerold  Eaton,  the  latter  being  the 
man  who  was  afterwards  hanged  for  the  killing  of  Heenan,  a 
brother  of  John  C.  Heenan,  the  prize-fighter.  These  men  were 


330  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

a  source  of  continual  trouble  to  the  department,  and  Officer  Brown 
had  the  pleasure  frequently  of  putting  them  behind  the  bars. 

No  veteran  police  official's  history  in  Philadelphia  is  complete 
without  a  record  of  struggle  with  the  Schuylkill  Rangers.  Captain 
Brown's  appointment  as  lieutenant  brought  him  directly  into  con- 
tact with  these  persistent  outlaws,  and  he  went  at  them  with  all  the 
skill  and  strength  to  deal  with  criminals  which  his  schooling  in  the 
slums  had  given  him.  They  congregated  in  crowds  around  the  cor- 
ners, and  when  pressed  for  a  battlefield  they  took  to  the  stone  yards 
along  the  river  front,  and  although  no  single  one  of  them  had  the 
courage  in  his  composition  to  do  contrived  murder,  a  number  of 
people  received  brutal  beatings  at  their  hands.  To  attack  in  force, 
from  the  concealment  of  the  stone  piles  and  old  buildings  along 
the  river,  and  break  up  political  parades  was  one  of  their  special, 
self-imposed  missions,  and  frequently  fatal  results  followed  these  at- 
tacks. In  an  onslaught  by  the  Rangers  upon  a  parade  of  the  Re- 
publican Invincibles  in  one  of  the  early  campaigns  of  the  party, 
one  of  the  Invincibles  was  shot  full  in  the  forehead  and  killed*  in- 
stantly. Lieutenant  Brown,  upon  his  appointment,  put  a  double  force 
of  patrolmen  on  those  beats,  and  ordered  them  to  travel  always 
in  pairs  and  to  deal  promptly  and  energetically  with  the  ruffians. 
As  he  had  placed  the  best  men  in  his  command  on  those  beats, 
his  orders  were  obeyed,  and  he  succeeded  in  weakening  and  in- 
timidating the  Rangers. into  an  observance  of  the  law  and  into  re- 
specting the  rights  of  citizens  to  unmolested  travel  through  the 
district  infested  by  them.  Tlie  prompt  co-operation  which  the 
courts  gave  to  Lieutenant  Brown  in  "  railroading  "  the  offenders 
to  prison  went  far  toward  accomplishing  the  disorganization  of  the 
Rangers.  One  remarkably  quick  disposition  of  one  of  the  mem- 
bers was  in  the  case  of  a  highway  robber  named  "  Limpy " 
Clark.  He  was  arrested  on  a  Sunday  afternoon  for  snatching  a 
gold  watch  and  chain  from  a  pedestrian  on  South  Street  bridge. 
He  was  given  a  hearing  at  the.  station-house  on  Monday  morning 
and  committed  for  trial.  On  the  same  morning  he  was  taken  to 
the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  and  at  twelve  o'clock  he  was  on  his 
way  to  the  penitentiary  to  serve  a  term  of  four  years. 

Lieutenant  Brown  took  an  active  part  in  quelling  the  railroad 
riots  of  1877,  treated  of  in  another  part  of  this  volume.  He  com- 
manded the  detail  of  officers  from  the  Nineteenth  District,  and  was 
on  duty  day  and  night  during  the  entire  trouble. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  .531 

By  his  vigorous  work  as  lieutenant  the  nest  of  "  badger  thieves  " 
in  the  slums  in  St.  Mary  Street  and  the  other  small  streets  round 
about  that  notorious  neighborhood  was  broken  up.  Scarcely  a  day 
passed  without  the  receipt  at  the  station-house  of  three  or  four 
complaints  from  men  who  had  been  enticed  into  these  dens  and 
had  been,  in  the  language  of  the  quarter,  "  stood  up "  and 
robbed.  The  greatest  difficulty  the  police  had  to  contend 
against  was  the  disinclination  of  the  victims  to  appear  at  a 
public  hearing  against  the  thieves.  Lieutenant  Brown,  however, 
made  a  vigorous  campaign  against  that  class  of  criminals,  and 
although  it  took  years  to  do  it,  he  drove  them  out  of  the  neigh- 
borhood, and  at  the  present  time  the  effects  of  his  good  work  in 
that  particular  direction  still  remain,  and  badger  thieving  is  now 
almost  an  historical  rather  -than  'an  existing  crime.  It  is  a 
remarkable  fact  that  Captain  Brown,  although  his  official  life  has 
been  passed  in  almost  hand-to-hand  conflict  with  the  roughest  ele- 
ment of  society,  is  perhaps  the  most  quiet  and  courteous  officer  of 
the  department.  His  claw  for  criminals  is  like  a  cat's,  and  like  a 
cat's  it  is  sheathed  in  velvet.  He  and  Chief  Stewart  are  probably 
in  appearance  the  most  distinguished  heads  of  a  police  force  in 
the  country. 

Captain  CHARLES  B.  EDGAR  commands  the  Second  Police 
Division,  which  covers  the  territory  lying  between  Chestnut  and 
Poplar  streets  from  the  Delaware  River  to  the  Schuylkill,  and  all 
of  West  Philadelphia  north  of  Market  Street.  His  headquarters 
are  at  the  Sixth  Police  District  Station-House,  on  Eleventh  above 
Race  Street.  This  large  section  of  the  city  is  covered  by  seven 
police  districts  and  a  harbor  squad,  namely,  the  Fourth,  Sixth, 
Seventh,  Eighth,  Ninth,  Sixteenth  and  Twentieth  districts  and 
the  Delaware  River  and  Harbor  Police. 

Captain  Edgar  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  the  twenty-fourth 
day  of  September,  1834,  at  No.  1019  Callowhill  Street,  the  house  in 
which  his  father  was  born  and  had  .lived  all  his  life.  A  common 
school  education  was  given  him  in  the  public  schools  of  the  city. 
He  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  house  painter,  and  he 
worked  at  his  trade  after  finishing  his  apprenticeship,  until  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Alexander  Henry,  on  December  16,  1859,  as  a 
sub-officer  attached  to  the  Eighth  Police  District.  After  serving  as 
a  "sub"  for  one  month  he  was,  on  January  15,  1860,  made  a  regu- 
lar patrolman  attached  to  the  same  station-house,  and  he  served  in 


332  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

that  capacity  until  May,  1863,  when  his  shrewdness  in  department 
work,  and  his  adaptability  for  such  duties,  gained  for  him  the  ap- 
pointment as  special  officer  of  the  district.  After  serving  six  years 
in  that  capacity  he  was  removed  on  May  16,  1869,  by  Mayor  Fox, 
for  political  reasons.  On  the  day  following  his  removal  from  the 
police  department,  Congressman  William  D.  Kelley  obtained  for 
him  the  position  of  Quartermaster  of  the  Painters'  Department  in 
the  old  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard.  He  was  recalled  to  the  service  of 
the  city  by  Mayor  William  S.  Stokley,  who  on  the  first  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1872,  appointed  him  sergeant  of  the  Eighth  District.  He 
served  as  sergeant  but  a  year,  when  his  worth  as  an  executive 
officer  was  noticed,  and  his  many  excellent  services  in  the  depart- 
ment were  recognized  and  rewarded  by  promotion,  on  November 
7,  1873,  to  the  position  of  lieutenant  of  the  district  where  he  had 
served  all  his  time  as  an  officer  of  the  department.  As  lieutenant 
he  served  until  January  i,  1886,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
Mayor  William  B.  Smith  to  the  captaincy  of  the  Second  Division. 
All  of  Captain  Edgar's  police  duty,  from  the  time  of  his  appoint- 
ment as  a  sub-officer  in  1859,  has  been  performed  in  the  Eighth 
District,  where  he  was  born,  and  where  he  has  lived  ever  since. 
During  his  police  career  Captain  Edgar  has  made  many  important 
arrests  of  men  charged  with  murder,  highway  robbery,  burglary, 
counterfeiting,  and  has  been  instrumental  in  breaking  up  a  number 
of  bad  gangs  of  "  toughs,"  "knuncks  "  and  pickpockets.  His  first 
arrest  of  more  than  ordinary  importance  was  when,  on  the  night  of 
August  5,  1860,  he  apprehended  Addis  Hayes,  his  own  brother-in- 
law,  for  the  killing  of  Thomas  Burk  at  Ninth  and  Vine  streets. 
Hayes  and  Burk  were  both  members  of  the  Fairmount  Hose 
Company,  On  the  night  of  the  fatal  affray  the  two  quarrelled 
over  some  fire  company  matters  and  Burk  struck  Hayes  and 
knocked  him  down.  Hayes  retaliated  by  knocking  Burk  down, 
and  the  latter  in  falling  struck  his  head  against  the  curbstone. 
Concussion  of  the  brain  resulted,  and  Burk  died  in  the  Eighth  Dis- 
trict Station-House.  Hayes  was  acquitted  on  the  plea  of  self-de- 
fence when  tried  about  a  year  after  the  affair  occurred.  Lieutenant 
Edgar  arrested  John  H.  Clark,  the  boxing-master  and  ex-prize- 
fighter, who  was  charged  with  murder  by  reason  of  his  connection 
with  the  Weedon  and  Walker  prize-fight,  which  resulted  in  the  death 
of  young  Weedon.  The  fight,  which  was  a  most  brutal  one,  took 
place  at  Red  Bank,  New  Jersey,  on  the  last  day  of  August,  1876. 


CHARLES  B.  EDGAR, 
Captain  of  the  Second  Division. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


335 


After  the  fight,  when  the  men  were  being  brought  back  to  Phila- 
delphia on  the  boat  that  was  under  engagement  to  the  party,  Wee- 
don  died.  As  John  H.  Clark  and  an  English  pugilist  known  as 
"  Spring  Dick "  were  prominently  connected  with  the  contest, 
orders  were  sent  out  by  the  head  of  the  department  to  arrest  both 
these  men.  Captain  Edgar  met  Clark  on  the  street,  and  assisted 
by  Special  Officer  Kenton  took  him  in  custody  and  locked  him  up 
in  the  Eighth  District  Station-House.  He  was  tried  in  Trenton, 
N.  J.,  and  was  convicted  on  November  3,  1876,  as  an  accessory  to 
Weedon's  death,  and  was  sentenced  to  serve  two  years  in  the  New 
Jersey  State  Penitentiary. 

On  the  evening  of  October  29,  1878,  Augustus  Von  Boyle,  an 
actor  well  known  in  Philadelphia  by  his  stage  name  of  Harry 
Richmond,  killed  Daniel  Archer,  a  hatter  doing  business  on  Ridge 
Avenue  below  Callowhill  Street.  The  murder  was  committed  in 
Kelly's  bar-room  on  Tenth  Street  below  Callowhill.  Richmond 
went  into  the  bar-room  with  two  women,  who  were  playing  in  the 
same  company  with  him  at  the  National  Theatre.  After  he  had 
been  in  the  bar-room  but  a  few  minutes  he  had  some  words  with 
Mr.  Archer,  who  was  there  when  he  went  in,  and  seizing  a  heavy 
ice-water  pitcher  from  the  bar  he  struck  Archer  full  on  the  fore- 
head, crushing  his  skull  and  killing  him  instantly.  The  mur- 
derer fled,  but  was  captured  by  Captain  Edgar  about  ten  o'clock 
the  same  night  behind  the  scenes  in  the  theatre  in  which  he  was 
acting,  while  arranging  with  the  management  to  have  some  one 
take  his  place  in  the  cast.  He  gave  as  his  reason  for  killing  Archer 
that  the  latter  had  made  an  insulting  remark  concerning  one  of 
the  women  in  his  company.  Richmond  was  acquitted  in  the  face 
of  the  strongest  evidence  on  January  27,  1879.  District  Attorney 
Hagert,  who  had  charge  of  the  prosecution,  afterwards  asserted 
that  it  was  the  most  outrageous  verdict  ever  rendered. 

On  January  23,  1879,  Captain  Edgar  arrested  Eliza  Landto  at 
No.  934  Ridge  Avenue,  for  murder,  in  causing  the  death  of  a  young 
girl,  Rosa  McLaughlin,  by  criminal  malpractice.  Mrs.  Landto 
ostensibly  kept  an  herb  store  at  No.  934  Ridge  Avenue,  but  the 
death  of  Rosa  McLaughlin  in  her  house  and  the  finding  therein 
by  Captain  Edgar  of  a  wonderful  collection  of  surgical  instruments 
showed  that  the  herb  store  was  but  a  screen  for  one  of  the  worst 
child  murderers  in  the  city.  The  evidence  collected  against  her  by 
Captain  Edgar  was  so  overwhelming  that  she  made  but  a  feeble 


336  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

effort  at  defence,  and  on  May  12,  1879,  she  was  convicted  and  sen- 
tenced to  a  term  of  six  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  After 
serving  out  her  sentence  she  went  back  to  her  old  trade,  and  she 
was  again  in  durance  in  1886  for  causing,  by  drugs,  the  death  of 
Julia  Wilmot,  of  Hadclenfielcl,  N.  J.  On  the  night  of  July  7,  1879, 
Captain  Edgar  arrested  Michael  Leonard  for  the  murder  of  a 
woman  in  a  lodging-house  on  Callowhill  Street  below  Fifth.  Leon- 
ard was  married  and  had  a  family  living  at  Eleventh  Street  and 
Ridge  Avenue,  next  door  to  a  saw-mill,  where  he  was  employed  as 
engineer.  He  had  taken  up  with  the  woman  he  murdered  to 
the  neglect  of  his  family,  and  the  pair  made  their  companionship 
one  full  of  drunken  orgies.  Leonard  and  she  were  drunk  together 
on  July  7,  1879,  an<^  Leonard  threw  the  woman  off  a  lounge  at  the 
house  where  she  lodged.  In  the  fall  the  woman's  neck  was  broken 
and  her  death  was  instantaneous.  Captain  Edgar  arrested  Leonard 
and  gained  from  him  a  statement  acknowledging  the  killing,  but 
claiming  that  it  was  an  accident.  Leonard  was  convicted  of  man- 
slaughter and  was  sentenced  to  a  year  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

During  his  term  as  lieutenant  Captain  Edgar  was  instrumental 
in  breaking  up  the  notorious  Reading  Hose  gang,  a  crowd  of 
ruffians,  young  and  old,  who  made  the  neighborhood  of  the  Phila- 
delphia and  Reading  Railroad  depot,  at  Thirteenth  and  Callowhill 
streets,  their  stamping  grounds.  Several  murders  were  traced  to 
the  gang,  and  the  arrest,  by  Lieutenant  Edgar  and  his  officers,  of 
Billy  Casey  and  eight  more  of  the  crowd  for  the  murder  of  a  man 
named  Pugh,  a  watchman  of  the  Callowhill  Street  bridge,  made 
the  first  break  in  their  ranks.  Pugh  was  set  upon  by  Casey  and 
his  crowd  on  the  night  of  the  mayoralty  election  in  February,  1881, 
for  cheering  for  Stokley.  The  fatal  blow  was  traced  direct  to 
Casey.  He  was  convicted  and  is  still  in  jail.  Indictments  are 
hanging  over  the  other  eight,  but  they  were  never  brought  to  trial. 
Another  of  the  gang,  "  Buck  "  Flannigan,  served  a  sentence  for 
the  murder  of  a -physician,  at  Thirteenth  and  Wood  streets. 

Since  his  promotion  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Division, 
Captain  Edgar  directed  and  carried  to  a  most  successful  issue  the 
largest  raid  ever  undertaken  by  the  city  police.  The  district  lying 
between  and  including  Race  and  Vine  streets,  between  Eighth 
and  Tenth,  is  notorious  for  the  number  of  dens  of  iniquity  and  con- 
cert dives  which  nightly  call  from  all  parts  of  the  city  young  men 
and  old,  who  mingle  there  with  low  women  and  drink  the  vile 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


337 


liquors.  These  dens  were  such  an  open  disgrace  that  Captain  Ed- 
gar, three  months  after  his  promotion,  determined  to  make  an  effort 
to  close  them  up.  He  planned  a  gigantic  and  comprehensive  raid, 
in  which  he  was  aided  by  three  hundred  officers,  detailed  from  nine 
different  station-houses.  The  men  were  divided  into  squads  which 
were  placed  under  command  of  lieutenants  Walton  of  the  Sixth 
District,  Gillingham  of  the  Second,  Thompson  of  the  Seventeenth. 
Erode  of  the  Reserves,  Shields  of  the  Fourth,  Smith  of  the  Eighth, 
Lyons  of  the  Twenty-third,  Myers  of  the  Twentieth  and  Green  of 
the  Ninth.  The  men  were  massed  at  the  Sixth  and  Eighth  Dis- 
trict Station-Houses  with  orders  to  start  at  ten  o'clock.  At  twelve 
minutes  past  ten,  nine  concert  dives  and  two  disreputable  houses 
were  in  possession  of  the  police  and  nearly  one  thousand  two  hun- 
dred prisoners,  men,  women  and  boys,  were  captured.  The  prison- 
ers were  all  taken  to  the  Sixth  and  Eighth  District  houses  and 
filled  those  buildings  from  cellar  to  roof.  All  the  prisoners  were 
discharged  excepting  the  women  and  the  minors,  and  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  places,  who  were  put  under  bond. 

Captain  HARRY  M.  QUIRK  commands  the  Third  Police  Divis- 
ion, which  comprises  six  districts.  These  are  the  Tenth,  Elev- 
enth, Twelfth,  Fifteenth,  Eighteenth  and  Twenty-fourth.  Captain 
Quirk  has  his  headquarters  at  the  Twelfth  District  Station-House 
at  Tenth  and  Thompson  streets.  The  Third  Division  covers 
more  territory  than  any  other  in  the  city,  fully  two-thirds  of  the 
area  of  Philadelphia  being  included  within  its  boundaries,  the 
Fifteenth  District  alone  containing  an  area  of  twenty-nine  square 
miles,  taking  in  Frankford  and  the  adjacent  suburban  districts. 
The  boundaries  of  the  division  are  Broad  Street  on  the  west, 
the  Delaware  River  on  the  east,  Poplar  Street  and  the  county 
line  being  the  southern  and  northern  boundary  lines  respectively. 
This  immense  section  of  the  city  is  protected  by  a  force  of  325 
men.  Captain  Quirk  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  29, 
1840.  After  passing  through  the  public  schools  of  the  city  he 
was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  carpentry,  and  he  learned  that 
trade  and  worked  at  it  until  the  needs  of  the  country,  in  the  early 
days  of  the  Rebellion,  caused  the  call  for  troops  to  be  made. 
Captain  Quirk  answered  the  call  and  enlisted  on  April  24,  1861, 
as  a  private  in  the  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  for  three  months.  At 
the  expiration  of  that  term  he  re-enlisted  on  September  10,  1861, 
as  sergeant  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania.  Under  an  order 


338  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

of  the  War  Department  he  was  transferred  to  the  t47th  Regiment. 
At  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  Virginia,  on  May  3,  1863,  a 
Confederate  bullet  pierced  Captain  Quirk's  left  eye  and  left  him 
bleeding  on  the  field.  He  recovered  from  his  wound,  but  it  dis- 
abled him  for  military  duty,  as  the  left  eye  was  destroyed  by  the 
bullet.  He  nevertheless  returned  to  his  regiment  and  was  com- 
missioned first  lieutenant.  He  remained  with  his  regiment 
until  he  was  mustered  out  at  Mill  Creek.  Georgia,  in  1864,  on 
account  of  disability  consequent  upon  his  wound.  Returning  to 
Philadelphia,  Captain  Quirk  went  into  the  electric  business.  He 
entered  politics  and  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
for  the  terms  of  1875,  1876,  1877  and  1878.  On  January  i,  1880, 
he  received  the  appointment  to  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the 
Register  of  Wills.  For  some  time  before  becoming  connected 
with  the  police  department  he  held  a  clerkship  in  the  Philadelphia 
gas  office.  On  April  i,  1884,  Mayor  Smith  offered  him  the  cap- 
taincy of  the  Third  Police  Division,  and  he  has  commanded  the 
district  since  then  in  a  manner  which  has  gained  for  him  the 
reputation  of  being  a  most  efficient  commander  and  a  thorough 
guardian  of  the  citizens'  welfare  and  interests. 

The  immense  textile  industries  of  Kensington  are  included  in 
Captain  Quirk's  division,  and  he  commanded  it  during  the  con- 
flict between  the  manufacturers  and  the  employees  during  the 
weavers'  strike,  which  began  on  November  i,  1884,  and  continued 
until  April  21,  1885.  The  situation  at  times  was  serious,  and  it 
was  only  the  most  judicious  handling  of  the  police  by  Captain 
Quirk  that  prevented  serious  rioting.  The  story  of  the  troubles 
can  be  told  in  no  better  manner  than  by  quoting  from  Captain 
Quirk's  report  to  Chief  Stewart  for  the  year  1885.  He  says  : 

"On  the  2ist  day  of  November,  1884,  thirteen  hundred  ingrain 
carpet  weavers  on  the  power  looms  of  the  Kensington  Mills  went 
out  on  a  strike  against  a  peremptory  notice  from  twenty-nine 
manufacturers  that  their  wages  would  be  reduced.  In  all  these 
mills  there  were  thirteen  hundred  and  fifty  looms.  The  strike 
lasted  twenty-one  weeks  and  entailed  on  the  manufacturers  and 
weavers  a  loss  estimated  at  about  five  million  dollars. 

"The  police  department  was  for  the  most  of  this  time  busy  in 
dispersing  the  large  crowds  which  assembled  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  mills  in  the  Tenth,  Eleventh,  Eighteenth  and  Twenty-fourth 
districts,  but  met  with  no  great  resistance  until  about  the  i^th  of 


HAERY  M.  QUIRK, 
Captain  of  the  Third  Division. 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


341 


February,  when  the  strikers  attacked  the  hands  employed  at  Ham- 
ilton's mills  at  Howard  and  Lehigh  avenues.  About  this  time  large 
crowds  assembled  in  front  of  Dornan's  and  Judge's  mills.  The 
Reserves  were  called  out  and  the  crowds  dispersed. 

"On  the  i8th  of  February  crowds  of  persons  attacked  the  loom- 
fixers  at  several  of  the  mills,  and  some  of  them  were  seriously 
injured.  After  the  crowds  were  dispersed,  special  officers,  were 
detailed  to  protect  the  men  on  the  way  to  their  homes. 

"On  the  25th  of  February,  Officer  Clinton,  of  the  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict, was  escorting  home  Mr.  Cameron,  the  loom-fixer  at  Leedom's 
mill.  On  their  way  down  Front  Street  they  were  attacked  by  a 
large  crowd  of  excited  people  and  were  compelled  to  take  refuge 
in  a  barber  shop  near  Dauphin  Street.  .  .  ." 

The  report  at  this  point  fails  to  show  the  part  which  Captain 
Quirk  took  in  preserving  from  harm  and  perhaps  from  death  the 
persons  of  Cameron  and  Officer  Clinton.  His  verbal  narration 
is  here  substituted.  -  He  said  : — 

"  The  front  of  the  barber  shop  was  battered,  the  doors  and 
windows  were  smashed,  and  an  immense  crowd  was  howling  in 
front  of  the  place.  I  had  with  me  specials  Eckstein  and  Tate  of 
the  Fourth  District  and  Kenny  of  the  Eleventh.  We  went  to  Offi- 
cer Clinton's  aid.  To  get  to  him  we  had  to  batter  our  way  through 
the  mob  with  clubs,  and  when  we  got  inside  we  had  to  hold  the 
rioters  at  bay  with  our  revolvers  until  a  detail  of  the  Eighteenth 
District  came  up  and  helped  us  to  disperse  the  crowd,  when  we 
escorted  Cameron  home  in  safety.  In  this  affair  Special  Officer 
Kenny  received  so  severe  a  handling  at  the  hands  of  the  mob  that 
he  was  disabled  and  was  confined  to  his  house  for  twelve  weeks. 
We  arrested  three  of  the  leaders  of  the  mob." 

The  report  says  of  the  next  serious  trouble  :  "  On  the  evening 
of  the  26th  of  February,  the  reserves  of  the  whole  department 
were  called  out  on  account  of  the  threatening  attitude  of  the 
strikers.  Lieutenant  Ferguson  was  detailed  to  escort  Cameron 
home.  They  were  attacked  on  Otis  Street,  below  Front,  by  the 
strikers.  The  officers  were  compelled  to  use  their  clubs  freely  to 
protect  their  charge.  On  the  evening  of  the  2yth  of  February, 
Lieutenant  Ferguson  was  again  attacked  whilst  seeing  to  their 
homes  loom-fixers  Stevens  and  Cameron.  Lieutenant  Wood  and 
squad  from  the  Eleventh  District  coming  on  the  ground,  turned  on 
the  mob  and  drove  it  back. 


342  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

"On  Saturday  afternoon,  February  28,  I  found  LeedorrTs  mill 
surrounded  by  an  excited  crowd.  Ordered  out  the  reserves  of  the 
Tenth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth  and  Eighteenth  districts  and  attempted 
to  clear  the  streets.  Was  resisted.  I  ordered  the  Tenth  District 
reserves  to  draw  their  clubs  and  force  the  crowd  back.  This  was 
attempted,  but  the  mob,  which  had  become  violent,  resisted. 
Sergeant  McClain,  who  was  in  charge,  attacked  the  crowd  and 
drove  them  before  him. 

"On  Wednesday,  April  22,  the  strike  virtually  ended,  by  an 
agreement  between  both  parties,  and  the  men  who  were  idle  re- 
turned to  work.  During  the  time  of  the  strike  a  number  of  ar- 
rests were  made  ;  some  of  the  parties  were  held  to  keep  the 
peace,  and  eleven  persons  were  held  for  trial ;  true  bills  were 
found  and  they  all  pleaded  '  not  guilty,'  the  charge  being  assault 
and  battery  and  riot.  The  parties  afterwards  withdrew  their 
pleas  and  they  entered  pleas  of  '  guilty.'  Sentence  was  sus- 
pended in  all  cases,  and  four  of  the  accused  were  held  in  addi- 
tional $1000  bail  to  '  keep  the  peace.'  " 

In  these  labor  troubles  Captain  Quirk  directed  all  the  move- 
ments of  the  police,  and  it  is  a  source  of  gratification  to  him  that 
not  one  of  his  men  lost  his  head  far  enough  to  draw  his  revolver, 
except  when  ordered.  It  was  remarkable  that  in  all  these  col- 
lisions between  the  rioters  and  the  police  not  a  single  life  was  lost 
when  it  is  known  that  there  were  fire-arms  in  the  possession  of 
the  strikers  as  well  as  of  the  police  officers. 

Captain  Quirk  directed  the  shadowing  which  resulted  in  the  ar- 
rest of  Samuel  Tate  and  a  "pal  "named  McDonald,  who  were 
under  surveillance  as  suspicious  characters.  The  officers  followed 
the  men  for  two  days  from  where  they  started,  in  a  wagon,  away 
up  town  and  arrested  them  on  Union  Street.  In  the  wagon  was 
found  one  of  the  finest  and  most  complete  set  of  burglars'  tools 
ever  seen  in  Philadelphia.  The  men  each  received  a  term  in 
prison  on  the  charge  of  conspiring  to  commit  a  felony.  Captain 
Quirk  led  the  chase  which  ended  in  the  capture  of  "  Big  Charley  " 
Wilson,  "  Dutch  Gus,"  and  another  man  named  Walton,  the 
Fernwood  robbers,  and  Nat.  Connor  the  receiver.  In  March, 
1886,  Trieger's  shoe  store  in  Fernwood,  just  outside  the  city,  was 
robbed  and  its  entire  stock  of  goods  carried  off  in  a  wagon,  which, 
with  a  horse,  the  burglars  had  stolen  from  Mr.  Trieger's  next  door 
neighbor.  The  goods  were  traced  to  this  city,  and  finally,  enough 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


343 


was  found  out  to  make  the  police  certain  that  Nat.  Connor's 
house,  at  Twenty-fourth  Street  and  Washington  Avenue,  held  the 
stolen  goods.  A  "  pipe"  or  look-out  was  placed  on  the  house  and 
the  officers  were  finally  rewarded  in  their  watch  by  seeing  "  Big 
Charley,"  Gus  and  Connor  loading  the  goods  into  a  wagon. 
Captain  Quirk,  Lieutenant  Beale,  and  detectives  Bond  and 
Donaghy  jumped  into  a  furniture  cart  and  when  the  burglars 
drove  away,  followed  them.  The  thieves  led  them  a  long  and 
devious  chase  through  the  whole  length  of  the  town.  Walton 
joined  the  other  burglars  in  the  wagon,  on  an  out-of-the-way 
street  far  up  town.  The  quartette  then  drove  out  to  Wayne 
Junction.  Walton  then  jumped  out  of  the  wagon  to  "  spot  "  the 
depot,  and  see  if  it  would  be  safe  to  unload  the  goods  there  and 
ship  them  to  New  York.  The  police,  who  had  a  short  while  be- 
fore been  compelled  to  desert  their  furniture  cart,  the  horse  hav- 
ing given  out,  were  close  to  the  wagon  when  Walton  jumped  out, 
and  Captain  Quirk  ordered  Detective  Bond  to  follow  Walton  and 
capture  him.  He  did  so  while  the  captain,  Lieutenant  Beale 
and  Detective  Donaghy  overhauled  the  wagon  and  captured 
Charley,  Gus  and  Connor.  The  wagon  was  found  to  be  filled 
with  the  proceeds  of  the  Fernwood  robbery,  and  there  was  a 
quantity  of  goods  found  in  Connor's  house,  as  well  as  a  lot  of 
burglars'  tools.  "  Big  Charley,"  "  Dutch  Gus,"  and  Connor  were 
sent  to  the  penitentiary  to  serve  ten  years  and  Walton  was  sen- 
tenced for  three  years. 

Another  gang  that  was  preying  on  the  citizens  of  the  Tenth  and 
Eleventh  districts  was  broken  up  through  the  efforts  of  Captain 
Quirk.  He  raided  a  thieves'  den  kept  by  one  Cunningham,  at 
Second  and  Putnam  streets,  and  captured  "  Stump  "  Malone,  Wil- 
liam, alias  "  Lefty  "  McQuillan,  John  Hartney,  alias  "  Harkaway," 
James  Brudel  and  James  McKenna,  charging  them  all  with 
burglary.  McQuillan  was  the  only  one  convicted.  On  Decem- 
ber 9,  a  short  time  afterwards,  James  Farley  was  found  by  the  po- 
lice with  a  wagon  load  of  shoes  which  he  was  preparing  to  un- 
load and  place  in  the  house  of  Francis  McGurk,  a  saloon  keeper 
at  Lehigh  Avenue  and  Salmon  Street.  :The  goods  were  fourdrcto 
be  a  portion  of  the.1  booty  taken  by  burglars  from  the  shoe  store-not 
Mrs.  Desbayea.  at  Frankford  Road  and  Somerset  Street.  Mc- 
Gurkr.^aind  Fariieyujvej^  arrested,! land  at^auifearinag' ijefere-aJ  ,'nhag> 
istrate  pteaded  guilty.  Both  men  belong  to.  the  i/th  Ward  gang. 


344  TfIE  PHILADELPHIA   POLICE, 

of  which  "Stump"  Malone,  "Lefty"  McQuillan,  and  the  other 
habitues  of  Cunningham's  den  are  members. 

Captain  Quirk  has  a  good  force  of  officers  under  him  and  he 
has  them  well  disciplined.  The  men  all  bear  testimony  to  his  ef- 
ficiency as  a  commander  and  the  citizens  of  his  division  to  his  at- 
tention to  their  interests. 

Captain  JACOB  ALLBRIGHT  commands  the  Fourth  Division 
of  the  Philadelphia  police,  and  has  his  headquarters  at  the  Twenty- 
third  District  Station-House  at  Twentieth  and  Jefferson  streets. 
The  Fourth  Division  includes  the  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth,  Twenty- 
second  and  Twenty-third  districts,  with  four  sub-stations/ and  cov- 
ers the  territory  from  Poplar  Street  north  to  the  county  line,  lying 
west  of  Broad  Street.  Captain  Allbright  is  a  native  Philaclelphian, 
having  been  born  here  on  April  7,  1837.  His  education  he  re- 
ceived in  the  public  schools  of  the  city.  Stove-moulding  was  his 
election  when  told  to  choose  a  trade,  and  he  learned  and  worked 
at  that  until  he  was  twenty-three  years  old.  In  May,  1860,  Mayor 
Alexander  Henry  appointed  him  to  a  position  on  the  police  force, 
and  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Seventh  District,  which  included 
the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  wards.  By  Mayor  McMichael  he  was, 
in  the  fall  of  1866,  transferred  to  the  Delaware  Harbor  Police, 
where  he  remained  for  three  months  until  he  was  transferred  to 
the  Central  Station  as  one  of  the  nine  day-sergeants,  who  were 
under  the  direct  orders  of  Chief  of  Police  Samuel  G.  Ruggles  for 
"  duty  at  large."  After  Mayor  Fox's  inauguration  in  1869  politi- 
cal changes  in  the  force  required  Sergeant  Allbright's  removal, 
and  in  May  of  that  year  he  abandoned  the  police  service 
and  took  the  position  of  visitor  of  the  poor,  an  office  which 
existed  at  that  time  under  the  Board  of  Guardians  of  the 
Poor.  His  duties  were  confined  to  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth 
wards,  a  section  with  which  he  had  familiarized  himself  when  act- 
ing as  patrolman  of  the  Seventh  Police  District.  He  remained 
in  this  position  until  April  i,  1876,  when  he  was  recalled  to  the 
service  by  Mayor  Stokley,  who  appointed  him  lieutenant  of  the 
Seventh  District.  During  Mayor  Stokley's  second  term  he  had 
considerable  trouble  with  the  officers  of  this  district.  Cliques 
had  been  formed  by  the  men  and  the  district  had  become  disor- 
ganized, and  there  was  continual  trouble  between  the  patrolmen 
and  their  superior  officers.  In  the  attempt  to  get  better  organiza- 
tion into  the  district  the  Mayor  had  changed  the  lieutenant  three 


JACOB  ALLBRIGHT, 
Captain  of  the  Fourth  Division. 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


347 


times,  but  the  changes  were  ineffectual.  Finally  his  choice  fell 
upon  Jacob  Allbright,  who  when  in  the  department  had  made  a 
record  for  himself  as  a  good  officer  and  an  energetic  man,  pos- 
sessed of  clear  judgment  and  promptitude  in  action.  He  of- 
fered Mr.  Allbright  the  position,  and  the  latter,  after  three  days' 
hesitation,  accepted.  He  secured  the  appointment  of  competent 
and  reliable  sergeants  under  him,  and  then  set  about  reorganizing 
his  force.  He  broke  up  the  cliques  and  settled  all  the  little  dif- 
ferences and  dissatisfactions  among  the  men,  and  in  a  short  time 
the  Seventh  District  was  patrolled  by  a  force  second  to  none  in  the 
city.  He  continued  in  the  capacity  of  lieutenant  of  that  dis- 
trict through  the  terms  of  mayors  Stokley  and  King  until  June, 
1884,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  the  Fourth 
Division,  a  vacancy  having  been  caused  by  the  death  of  Captain 
Godbou.  He  held  command  of  that  division  until  the  inaugura- 
tion of  Mayor  William  B.  Smith,  when  a  number  of  his  friends, 
under  the  mistaken  idea  that  they  were  favoring  him,  obtained  his 
transfer  back  to  the  Seventh  District  as  lieutenant.  He  was 
again  raised  to  the  rank  of  captain  on  January  i,  1886. 

During  his  term  of  service  in  the  city  police  department  as 
patrolman,  sergeant,  lieutenant  and  in  his  present  office,  Captain 
Allbright  has  made  for  himself  a  reputation  as  an  efficient  officer, 
prompt  to  act,  kind  to  his  men,  though  a  strict  disciplinarian,  and 
fearless  of  danger.  He  had  for  six  years,  when  patrolman  of  the 
Seventh  District,  one  of  the  hardest  beats  in  the  district.  It  took 
in  the  Delaware  River  front  from  Noble  to  Green  and  extended 
west  to  Third.  Front  and  Fairmount  Avenue  and  Front  and 
Callowhill  were  at  that  time  infested  with  crowds  of  corner 
loungers.  Many  of  these  were  thieves  and  amateur  highway- 
men, and  nearly  all  were  young  toughs.  Patrolman  Allbright  kept 
these  crowds  on  the  move,  and  finally  broke  them  up  entirely  and 
sent  several  of  them  to  the  penitentiary.  One  afternoon  in  1877 
"  Ninie  ''  Jones,  a  member  of  one  of  these  crowds,  in  company 
with  a  "  pal,"  played  policeman  on  a  countryman  and  robbed 
him.  Each  put  on  a  tin  star,  and  they  then  told  the  countryman 
they  were  going  to  arrest  him,  and  made  him  give  up  his  money 
and  effects.  Officer  Allbright  apprehended  the  pair  and  had  them 
sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  two  years. 

In  those  days  the  Delaware  River  front  was  infested  with  thieves 
who  preyed  upon  the  vessels  at  the  docks,  and  made  it  unsafe  for 


348  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

vessel  owners  to  quit  their  vessels  without  leaving  a  strong  guard 
on  board.  Vigilance  on  the  part  of  Officer  Allbright  resulted  in 
the  arrest  and  conviction  of  these  depredators,  and  as  a  conse- 
quence river  thieving  on  his  beat  became  an  infrequent  crime. 
The  numerous  dance-houses  along  the  river,  by  reason  of  the 
hard  class  of  men  and  women  they  drew  together,  made  that  part 
of  his  beat  dangerous,  as  canal  men  and  sailors  on  shore  for  a 
spree  engaged  in  frequent  rows  which  he  had  to  quell,  frequently 
at  the  risk  of  his  life.  One  of  the  dangers  of  that  bad  beat  was 
that  of  being  waylaid  by  some  of  the  thieves  who  haunted  it. 
One  night  Officer  Allbright  was  struck  on  the  head  by  some  one, 
and  the  blow  left  him  senseless  for  nearly  two  hours  in  the  middle 
of  Delaware  Avenue. 

During  the  political  campaign  of  1860.  when  the  adherents  of 
Douglas,  Breckenridge  and  Lincoln  held  frequent  parades,  Officer 
Allbright  was  beaten  into  insensibility  and  left  lying  in  the  street 
by  a  mob  of  Breckenridge  Democrats.  The  Democrats  were 
parading  and  Officer  Allbright  stood  in  front  of  the  headquarters 
of  the  German  Republicans,  now  Scheutzen  Hall,  on  Third  Street 
below  Green.  The  paraders,  when  they  arrived  in  front  of  the 
place,  broke  ranks  and  attacked  the  house,  broke  in  the  doors 
and  smashed  the  windows  with  stones  and  clubs.  Officer  All- 
bright  bravely  attempted,  single-handed,  to  keep  back  the  mob, 
and  was  knocked  down  by  a  blow  of  a  club,  and  was  kicked  from 
one  side  of  Third  Street  to  the  other,  and  left  lying  in  the  street, 
bleeding  and  unconscious, 

The  most  important  arrest  Captain  Allbright  ever  made  was  one 
which  finally  resulted  in  unravelling  the  mystery  of  the  celebrated 
Beneficial  Saving  Fund  robbery.  The  brightest  of  American 
"  Knights  of  the  Jimmy  "  were  concerned  in  the  exploit,  and  after 
a  large  share  of  the  money  had  been  returned,  each  member  of  the 
gang  took  for  his  portion  over  $20,000.  The  bank  was  robbed 
early  in  1869  by  Jimmy  Hope,  "  Big  Frank  "  McCoy,  Joe  Howard, 
"Big  Nell  "  Burnett,  and  another  well-known  burglar.  The  Bene- 
ficial Saving  Fund  Bank  is  at  the  south-west  corner  of  Twelfth  and 
Chestnut.  Near  the  rear  of  the  building  there  was  a  hallway,  lead- 
ing up  stairs.  There  was  a  window  opening  into  this  hallway,  and 
it  was  through  this  window,  after  tearing  off  the  iron  shutter,  that 
the  burglars  entered  the  bank,  some  time  on  Saturday  night  or 
Sunday  morning.  They  carried  in  with  them  several  heavy  joists 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


349 


as  levers.  With  the  favorite  cracksman's  tool  of  that  day,  "  the 
ripper,"  they  tore  off  the  doors  from  the  vaults  and  safes,  and  car- 
ried off  gold,  notes  and  United  States  bonds  to  the  amount  of 
nearly  a  million  dollars. 

Some  time  after  the  robbery  a  man  went  to  Drexel's  banking 
house  and  sold  one  of  the  $5000  bonds.  After  he  had  left, 
Cashier  Emmett  discovered  that  it  was  one  of  those  which  had  been 
taken  from  the  Beneficial  Saving  Fund  Bank.  He  went  to  the 
Fourth  District  Station-House  and  reported  the  affair,  but  not  sat- 
isfied with  the  activity  of  the  officials  there  he  went  to  the  Seventh 
District  and  told  what  occurred,  and  gave  a  description  of  the  man. 
Captain  Allbright,  who  was  then  simply  a  patrolman,  thought  he 
recognized  the  description,  and  though  laughed  at  by  his  brother 
officers  went  with  Mr.  Emmett,  and,  guided  by  nothing  but  the 
man's  description,  found  him,  after  a  long  and  tiresome  search, 
in  his  tavern  on  Fairmount  Avenue,  between  Twenty-second  and 
Twenty-third  streets.  The  man  was  Jacob  Glassmire,  and  Mr. 
Emmett  positively  identified  him  as  the  person  who  had  sold  the 
bond.  As  soon  as  the  news  of  the  arrest  was  made  known  to  the 
detective  department,  Chief  Ben  Franklin  telegraphed  orders  that 
the  man  should  be  sent  there,  and  the  case  was  thus  taken  out  of 
Patrolman  Allbright's  hands.  Glassmire  was  discharged,  but  the 
clew  was  obtained  which  did  the  officers  much  service  in  following 
up  the  case.  Captain  Allbright  has  figured  as  principal  in  some 
large  movements,  to  one  of  which  is  directly  traceable  the  second 
election  of  Governor  Geary. 

During  the  second  Geary  campaign  there  lived  in  the  same  di- 
vision of  Allbright's  ward  a  German  named  Eckfeldt,  who  kept  a 
low  lodging-house  filled  principally  with  foreigners.  One  of  the 
lodgers  had  a  personal  difficulty  with  his  landlord  and  was  thrown 
out.  In  revenge  he  weYit  to  the  Central  Police  Station  and  re- 
vealed a  scheme  by  which  Eckfeldt  was  supplied  with  naturaliza- 
tion papers  in  bulk,  signed  with  Supreme  Court  Prothonotary 
Snowden's  name,  and  sealed  with  the  court's  seal.  At  this  time 
Allbright  was  day-sergeant,  and  while  his  fellow-officers  laughed 
at  him,  as  they  had  before,  he  put  some  faith  in  the  man's  story 
and  determined  to  take  the  case  in  hand.  No  corroboration  of 
the  story  could  be  obtained,  but  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  risk, 
Sergeant  Allbright  took  three  or  four  other  officers,  and  without 
a  warrant  entered  the  house  and  "arrested"  Eckfeldt.  He 


350  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

weakened  and  confessed,  opening  a  cabinet  in  which  were  a  large 
batch  of  naturalization  papers,  filled  out  and  sealed,  ready  to  be 
delivered  to  any  one  who  would  vote  the  Democratic  ticket. 

The  importance  of  the  discovery  was  not  known  until  further  in- 
vestigation revealed  that  this  was  only  one  branch  of  the  plot  by 
which  the  State  was  flooded  with  such  papers.  It  was  this 
scheme  which  gave  rise  to  the  nickname  "  coffee  pot,"  it  being 
alleged  at  the  time  that  the  papers  had  been  soaked  in  coffee 
grounds  to  give  the  appearance  of  age. 

The  result  was  that  all  Supreme  Court  naturalization  papers, 
good  as  well  as  bad,  were  refused  at  the  polls,  and  Governor 
Geary  was  elected  by  a  very  narrow  margin.  The  closeness  of 
the  vote  shows  how  important  was  Sergeant  Allbright's  capture. 

In  the  railroad  riots  of  1877  Captain  Allbright  was  lieutenant  of 
the  Seventh  Police  District,  and  he  was  in  the  charge  which  drove 
the  rioters  through  the  cut  and  over  the  hill  into  Thirty-second 
Street,  West  Philadelphia.  After  the  serious  aspect  had  worn  off 
of  affairs  in  West  Philadelphia,  he  was  detailed  to  take  his  district 
force  and  guard  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  station  at  Ninth  and 
Green  streets,  and  he  remained  on  duty  there  until  the  troubles 
were  over.  He  was  still  lieutenant  of  the  Seventh  District,  when,  on 
the  morning  of  October  7,  1884,  Richard  Treuke,  a  compositor  on 
the  German  paper,  the  Frie  fresse,  shot  and  killed  Augusta  Zimm, 
a  married  woman  with  whom  he  was  intimate.  Treuke  and  Mrs. 
Zimm  had  carried  on  their  clandestine  relation  for  nearly  two  years, 
and  it  was  the  occasion  of  many  bitter  quarrels  between  the  woman 
and  her  husband.  On  the  morning  of  the  murder,  Treuke  called  on 
Mrs.  Zimm  and  induced  her  to  take  a  walk  with  him.  At  Willow 
Street  and  York  Avenue  Treuke  drew  a  new  revolver,  which  he 
had  purchased  that  morning,  and  shot  Mrs.  Zimm  in  the  left  breast. 
She  died  within  a  half  hour.  The  murderer  was  arrested  on  the 
spot  where  he  had  committed  the  crime,  and  he  was  too  drunk  to 
give  any  reason  for  the  shooting.  He  afterwards  stated  that  he  in- 
tended to  shoot  himself  after  killing  the  woman,  but  that  his  cour- 
age had  failed.  This  statement  was  to  some  extent  borne  out  by 
a  letter  found  in  the  murdered  woman's  pocket  addressed  to  Er- 
nest Zimm,  her  husband,  which  read  as  follows  : 

"  DEAR  ERNEST  : — Forgive  us  the  step  we  have  taken  ;  we  acted 
with  deliberation.  Live  happy  and  remember  us. 

"  RICHARD  AND  AUGUSTA." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  351 

On  the  back  of  the  sheet  was  written  : 

"We  die  together  and  we  wish  to  be  buried  together. 

"  RICHARD  AND  AUGUSTA." 

Lieutenant  Allbright  took  charge  of  the  case  and  was  active  in 
the  prosecution  of  the  murderer.  Treuke  was  convicted  and 
sentenced  to  be  hanged,  and  paid  the  penalty  of  his  crime  on  the 
gallows  a  year  later.  The  only  military  service  Captain  Allbright 
did  was  to  act  as  recruiting  officer  at  an  office  at  Fifth  and  Prune 
streets  when  the  Hancock  Veterans  were  organized.  He  was 
given  leave  of  absence  to  do  this  work  by  Mayor  Alexander 
Henry,  at  the  solicitation  of  citizens  of  the  Eleventh  Ward.  Cap- 
tain Allbright  has  a  record  that  he  is  justly  proud  of,  and  since  his 
promotion  to  the  captaincy  his  thorough  knowledge  of  police 
duties  has  enabled  him  to  give  his  division  thorough  organization. 


352  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

THE  BODY  OF    THE  FORCE. 

FORMATION,  ACHIEVEMENTS  AND  CHARACTER  OF  THE  RE- 
SERVES.— LIEUTENANT  ERODE,  HIS  SERVICES  AND  RE- 
SPONSIBILITY.— SERGEANT  MALIN,  THE  LIBERTY  BELL'S 
GUARDIAN. — THE  MEN  AND  THEIR  RECORDS. — LIEU- 
TENANT WARNOCK  AND  THE  FIRST  DISTRICT. — SER- 
GEANTS CHARLTON  AND  CALHOUN,  CHADWICK  AND 
BELL. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

A  HISTORY  of  the  "Reserve  Corps"  of  the  Philadelphia  Police 
would  itself  fill  a  volume.  It  is  a  body  of  picked  men,  and  has 
been  an  institution  of  Philadelphia  of  which  every  citizen  is 
justly  proud  since  the  day  it  was  founded  by  Mayor  Vaux.  Orig- 
inally, as  the  name  implies,  this  body  of  policemen  was  formed 
to  be  held  in  "  reserve  "  for  any  emergency  which  might  arise,  and 
require  a  large  number  of  officers  to  be  at  a  given  place  in  the 
quickest  possible  time.  Their  patrol  duty  is  now  limited  to 
Chestnut  Street,  from  the  Delaware  River  to  Fifteenth  Street, 
and  on  Eighth  Street  from  Chestnut  to  Arch.  Reserve  officers 
are  also  stationed  on  Market  Street  at  Seventh  and  at  Third,  at 
the  Market  Street  ferries  and  at  the  Pennsylvania  Freight  Depot 
at  Walnut  Street  wharf.  The  immense  wagon  traffic  on  Delaware 
Avenue  requires  the  constant  attention  of  the  officer  stationed  at 
the  ferries,  and  his  time  is  continually  occupied  in  preventing  and 
breaking  blockades  of  vehicles  and  providing  for  the  safe  passage 
of  the  crowds  of  people  to  the  ferries.  The  heavy  wagon  traffic 
is  what  necessitates  the  presence  of  the  reserve  officers  at 
Seventh  and  Market,  Third  and  Market  and  Eighth  and  Arch 
streets.  The  headquarters  of  the  Reserve  Corps  are  at  the 
Central  Police  Station  at  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets,  where 
they  have  been  since  the  establishment  of  the  corps. 


WALTER  ERODE,  JR., 
Lieutenant  of  the  Reserve  Corps. 


FAST  AND  PRESENT. 


355 


Upon  the  death  in  1884  of  Lieutenant  Grout,  for  so  many  years 
the  gallant  commander  of  the  Reserves,  Sergeant  Erode  was  ele- 
vated to  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Reserve  Corps  by  Mayor  Smith. 

Lieutenant  WALTER  ERODE,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
Oct.  18,  1847,  and  is  consequently  in  the  prime  of  his   manhood. 
At  nineteen  years  of  age  he  enlisted,  in  April,  1866,  in  the  2i5th 
Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  and  served  seven  months. 
On  December  4,  1866,  he  re-enlisted   in   the  Tenth  U.  S.  Infantry 
and  served  until  mustered  out  on  December  4,  1868.     Not  yet  sati- 
ated with  military  glory,  and  enamoured  of  the  life  of  the  soldier,  he 
again  enlisted,  in  January,  1869,  in  the  Fifth  U.  S.  Artillery,  where 
he  served  for  five  years  and  made  for  himself  an  honorable  service 
record.     His   first  appointment  in   the  police  department  of  the 
city  was  on  June  2,  1875,  when  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrol- 
man of  the  Twelfth  District.     Since  that  time  his  advancement 
has  been   rapid  up  to  the  present  time,  when  he  commands  the 
choice  force  of  the  department.     Mayor  Stokley   transferred  him 
to  the  Reserve  Corps  on  November  30,  1878,   and  made  him  ser- 
geant of  the  corps,  in  which  position  he  called  to  himself  the   at- 
tention of  his  superiors  by  the  able  manner  in  which  he  seconded 
the  efforts  of  his  lieutenant,  and  carried  out  the   intentions  and 
orders  of  the  head  of  the  department.     On  September  19,  1884, 
he  received  his  present  appointment  from  Mayor  Smith,  and  the 
condition  of  discipline  among  this  choice  body  of  officers  shows 
that  no  mistake  was  made  by  the  Mayor  when  he  conferred  the 
lieutenancy  on  Sergeant  Erode.     The  amount  of  the  business  and 
moneyed  interests  of  the  Reserve  District  show  the  responsibility 
laid   upon    these   officers.     Chestnut    Street   from    the    Delaware 
River,  with  all  its  banks,  its  trust   and   safe   deposit  companies, 
where  millions  are  stored  and  where  thousands  are  carried  in  and 
out  every  day  ;  its  shops  of   all  kinds,  jewellery  stores,  diamond 
stores,  the  large  hotels,  the  Post-Office,  the  Mint  and  a  number  of 
other  places  must  be  and  is  under  Lieutenant  Brode's  constant 
surveillance.     He  has  kept  his  corps  in  the  splendid  state  of  dis- 
cipline in  which  it  was  left  by  Lieutenant  Crout. 

By  an  oversight  the  books  of  record  of  the  Reserves  during  th6 
administrations  of  mayors  Stokley  and  King  were  burned  by  be- 
ing stored  over  the  furnace  in  the  station-house,  and  thus  the  per- 
sonal records  of  many  of  the  officers  were  lost. 

Sergeant  EDWARD  W.  MALIN  was  born  in  Delaware  County, 


356  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Pennsylvania,  on  September  10,  1845.  From  September  i,  1871, 
to  September  i,  1877,  Mr.  Malin  was  paper-register  clerk  of  the 
United  States  Government  at  Glenn  Mills,  Delaware  County, 
Penn.,  by  direct  appointment  of  Secretary  Bristow,  of  the  U.  S. 
Treasury  Department.  At  Glenn  Mills  all  the  paper  used  for 
U.  S.  Treasury  notes  was  manufactured,  and  every  sheet  of  it 
passed,  while  he  held  the  position,  under  the  immediate  inspec- 
tion of  Clerk  Malin.  He  has  been  in  the  Reserve  Corps  nine 
years,  having  been  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November 
23,  1877.  His  stand  for  •  many  years  was  at  Broad  and  Chestnut 
streets,  where  his  magnificent  physique  and  his  good  looks  made 
him  a  noticeable  object  of  observation.  When  Sergeant  Erode 
was  promoted  to  the  lieutenancy,  Officer  Malin  was,  on  September 
19,  1884,  advanced  to  the  grade  of  sergeant  of  the  Reserves. 
Sergeant  Malin  was  detailed  by  Mayor  Smith  to  take  charge  of 
the  Liberty  Bell  on  its  journey  to  the  World's  Cotton  Centennial 
and  Exposition  at  New  Orleans  in  1885.  The  bell  was  sent 
away  on  January  23,  1885,  arid  was  returned  in  June  of  the  same 
year,  and  during  the  five  months  of  its  absence  from  its  accus- 
tomed place  in  Independence  Hall  it  was  under  the  care  and 
charge  of  the  sergeant  and  reserves  Newman  and  Patton. 

House- Sergeant  N.  P.  MURPHY,  of  the  Central  Station,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  September  8,  1825.  Before  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  police  department  Mr.  Murphy  was  a  commission 
merchant.  He  was  appointed  house-sergeant  by  Mayor  King  on 
July  12,  1883. 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  H.  RHODES  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  is  54  years  old.  He  was  formerly  a  brick-layer  and 
builder.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  house-sergeant  immedi- 
ately after  his  inauguration  in  April,  1884. 

Reserve  HENRY  BECHTILL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  - 
August  26,  1845.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  on  Jan- 
uary i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  served  eight  years  and  four 
months  until  his  resignation.  Mayor  King  reappointed  him  on 
March  13,  1883,  and  assigned  him  to  the  Reserve  Corps.  Honorable 
service  in  the  44th  and  the  igSth  regiments  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers  bestows  upon  Officer  Bechtill  the  right  to  wear  the  red 
service-stripe. 

Reserve  ISAAC  J.  LAUBER  is  a  native  of  Easton,  Pa.  He 
has  served  twenty-two  years  in  the  department,  having  been  ap- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


357 


pointed  by  Mayor  Henry  on  November  19,  1862.  He  was  out  of 
the  service  during  the  administration  of  Mayor  Fox.  He  served 
three  months  in  Co.  D,  i-jth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

Reserve  LEONARDT  EBERHARDT  was  born  in  Germany 
March  6,  1839.  He  has  been  on  the  force  continuously  since  his 
appointment  on  February  i,  1882,  by  Mayor  King.  He  served 
during  the  war  for  three  years  in  the  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
and  for  one  year  in  the  3d  U.  S.  Volunteers.  He  bears  the  scar 
of  a  wound  received  at  Stony  Creek. 

Reserve  JAMES  A.  JACK  AW  AY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
February  4,  1844.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  on  August  14,  1876.  On  May  23,  1878,  he  resigned  from 
the  Reserve  Corps  to  take  other  employment.  Mayor  Smith  reap- 
pointed  him  a  reserve  officer  on  September  14,  1884.  During  the 
war  he  served  from  October  10,  1861,  to  October  20,  1864,  in  the 
goth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

Reserve  URIAH  STRUNK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  De- 
cember 2,  1837.  He  was  appointed  to  a  place  in  the  police  de- 
partment on  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He  wai promot- 
ed to  the  rank  of  sergeant  of  the  Eighteenth  District  on  De- 
cember 3,  1875,  and  served  in  that  position  for  eight  years,  when 
he  left  the  department.  He  was  reappointed  and  assigned  to  the 
Reserve  Corps  in  January,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith.  His  most  im- 
portant arrest  was  made  in  1873,  when  he  captured  George  Welch 
for  the  killing  of  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Welch.  Young  Welch  was 
found  to  be  insane  and  was  sent  to  the  State  insane  asylum. 

Reserve  ALBERT  R.  JONES  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  April  28,  1844.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department  on 
April  8,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  On  November  14,  1877,  he  re- 
signed and  was  reappointed  on  April  7,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
On  September  13,  1876,  Reserve  Jones  arrested  Frank  Howard 
and  Henry  Marshall,  two  pennyweight  thieves,  at  Sherr's  jewellery 
store,  726  Chestnut  Street,  for  larceny.  Each  received  two  years  in 
the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  During  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  riots, 
in  1877,  Reserve  Jones  was  stationed  at  Callowhill  Street  bridge, 
and  had  under  his  charge  eighty  men.  On  March  22,  1881,  he  ar- 
rested George  Rush,  alias  "  Buck  Taylor,"  and  W.  W.  Fisher, 
alias  "  Little  Horace,"  for  burglary  at  Charles  Foley's  establish- 
ment, No.  9  North  Seventh  Street. 

Reserve  GILBERT  L.  FORSYTH  was  born  in  Bordentown, 


35&  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

New  Jersey,  on  August  15,  1847.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  on 
January  i,  1882,  by  Mayor  King,  and  has  been  in  continuous  ser- 
vice since. 

Reserve  THOMAS  M.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
October  9,  1839.  ^e  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  on  Janu- 
ary i,  1866,  by  Mayor  McMichael.  He  was-  dismissed  by  Mayor 
Fox  when  the  latter  took  his  seat,  and  he  remained  out  of  the  de- 
partment until  reappointed  on  May  15,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 
Three  months  in  the  United  States  service  during  the  war  is  the 
extent  of  his  army  record. 

Reserve  GEORGE  W.  JONES  was  born  in  Roxborough,  Pa.,  on 
November  4,  1845.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  a  patrolman  of 
the  Thirteenth  District  on  September  6,  1875.  On  February  6, 

1876,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Reserve  Corps  by  Mayor  Stokley, 
and  he  has  remained  in  that  branch  of  the  service  since. 

Reserve  THOMAS  H.  NEWMAN  was  born  in  New  York 
City  on  November  2,  1838.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Henry  on  January  14,  1865.  Officer  Newman  was  one 
of  the  guard  of  twelve  men  detailed  under  Harrison  G.  Clarke,  at 
that  time  high  constable,  to  guard  the  body  of  President  Abraham 
Lincoln  from  Harrisburg  to  Philadelphia.  After  Mayor  Fox  had 
been  inaugurated  Officer  Newman  resigned,  and  remained  out  of  the 
service  until  Mayor  Stokley's  accession  to  the  position  of  head  of  the 
municipal  government,  when  that  Mayor  reappointed  Officer  New- 
man. He  was  detailed  as  one  of  the  three  guards  of  the  Liberty 
Bell  in  its  journey  to  New  Orleans.  During  his  career,  such  well 
known  criminals  as  Jimmy  Hagerty,  Shay  Nolen,  Jerry  Eaton  and 
Johnny  Tobin  passed  through  his  hands  to  the  secure  side  of 
prison  walls. 

Reserve  JAMES  J.  DUCHAR  was  born  in  New  York  on  January 
25,  1839.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  of  the  First  Police  Dis- 
trict in  November,  1874,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Reserve  Corps 
on  November  10,  1877.  He  served  three  months  in  the  army 
during  the  war,  and  did  eleven  months  provost-guard  duty  in  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Reserve  JACOB  P.  REIFF  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  No- 
vember 14,  1849.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  November  5,  1875,  and  served  until  March  13, 

1877,  when   he   resigned.     He   was  out  of  the  service  but  a  few 
months,   Mayor   Stokley  reappointing  him    on   October  7,    1877. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


359 


Before  becoming  connected  with  the  city  police  department 
he  was  for  a  year  and  a  half  one  of  the  Fairmount  Park  Guards. 

Reserve  CHARLES  R.  GRACE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
August  n,  1837.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  of  the  Twenty- 
second  District  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  September  15,  1875.  On 
January  i,  1882,  he  resigned  to  take  a  position  as  special  officer  for 
the  Reading  Railroad.  He  was  appointed  to  a  place  on  the  Reserve 
Corps  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  15,  1884. 

Reserve  ROBERT  MOFFIT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July 
23,  1859.  He  was  appointed  on  May  15,  1884.  His  stand  is  at 
Eighth  and  Chestnut,  one  of  the  hardest  in  the  city,  as  at  certain 
hours  of  the  day  two  continuous  streams  of  people,  from  Eighth 
Street  and  Chestnut  Street,  meet  at  that  point,  and  it  is  watchful 
Officer  Moffit's  duty  to  obtain  for  them  safe  passage  through  the 
processions  of  wagons  that  fill  both  streets  at  this  point. 

Reserve  WILLIAM  DAVID  MITCHELL  was  born  in  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  on  February  7,  1842.  He  was  appointed  on  the 
Reserve  Corps  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  December  27,  1875,  and  has 
served  continuously  since.  He  was  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  in  the  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  for  over  three  years  of  the 
war,  and  took  part  in  every  action  shared  by  his  command. 

Reserve  WILLIAM  A.  DOUGHERTY  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  July  13,  1850.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  of  the 
Fourteenth  Police  District  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  6,  1879, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  Reserves  on  May  14,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith.  Officer  Dougherty's  stand  is  at  Eighth  and  Chestnut 
streets,  and  his  duties  are  similar  to  and  as  difficult  as  those  of 
Officer  Moffit. 

Reserve  ALEXANDER  FLYNN  haS  been  on  the  force  since 
January  i,  1872,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  United  States  Army  as  a  member  of  Co. 
"M,"  Third  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  participated 
with  his  command  in  twenty-four  battles  and  skirmishes. 

Reserve  DANIEL  KENDIG  was  born  in  York,  Pa.,  on  August 
9,  1821.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department  on  April 
15,  1862,  by  Mayor  Henry.  He  served  through  Mayor  Henry's 
term  and  about  six  months  under  Mayor  Fox,  after  which  he  re- 
signed. Mayor  Stokley  reappointed  him  on  January  i,  1872,  and 
he  has  been  in  continuous  service  since.  The  total  number 


360  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

of  years  which  he  has  spent  in  the  police  department  amount  to 
twenty-two. 

Reserve  WILLIAM  C.  WOLF  was  bom  in  Philadelphia  en 
May  29,  1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Decem- 
ber 4,  1872.  On  December  13,  1879,  he  severed  his  connection 
with  and  remained  out  of  the  department  until  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  May  10,  1884. 

Reserve  JOHN  ROLLINGS  is  the  largest  man  in  the  police 
department  of  Philadelphia.  He  stands  six  feet  eight  and 
one-half  inches  in  height  and  weighs  three  hundred  and  thirty 
pounds.  He  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  July  16,  1844.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  April  i,  1876,  and  served  up  to 
the  time  of  his  resignation,  on  January  7,  1882,  when  he  went 
to  Washington,  where  he  served  as  a  guard  at  the  Capitol  until 
his  dismissal  at  the  change  of  administration.  He  was  reap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  n,  1886.  Officer  Rollings 
served  one  year  on  the  New  York  police  force,  where  he  was 
known  as  the  "  Broadway  giant.  " 

Reserve  TAYLOR  B.  INGRAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
April  27,  1846.  He  was  appointed  on  February  10,  1866,  by 
Mayor  McMichael.  During  Mayor  Fox's  administration  he  was 
out.  of  the  department,  but  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley 
upon  his  inauguration  in  1872.  He  arrested  and  had  sentenced 
for  three  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  John  Cassidy  and 
James  Johnson  for  burglary  in  this  city,  and  David  Mullen  for 
burglary  in  Delaware  County.  He  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Union 
League  Regiment  on  January  4,  1864. 

Reserve  FRANCIS  J.  LEADEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
July  29,  1854.  After  serving  six  months  on  the  Park  Guard  in 
1876,  he  was  in  October  of  that  year  appointed  patrolman  in  the 
Third  District.  In  January,  1885,  Mayor  Smith  promoted  him  to 
the  position  of  sergeant  of  the  Police  Patrol  No.  i,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  April,  1886,  when  he  was  dismissed  from 
the  department.  He  was  reappointed  in  the  same  month  by 
Mayor  Smith  and  was  made  one  of  the  Reserves. 

Reserve  SAMUEL  CAVEROW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
October  29,  1843.  He  served  under  Mayor  Stokley,  by  whom  he 
was  appointed  January  i,  1872,  as  patrolman  of  the  Twelfth 
District,  and  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the  Reserves  by  Mayor 
King.  Mayor  Smith  reappointed  him  on  January  9,  1886. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  361 

Reserve  WILLIAM  HOLLSWORTH  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  May  29,  1843.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1875,  and  has  been  in  continuous 
service  since  that  time.  He  served  a  year  in  the  cavalry  during 
the  war. 

Reserve  JOHN  COUSINS  was  born  in  Ireland  on  July  17, 
1844.  He  has  been  on  the  police  department  since  May  24, 
1873,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

Reserve  WILLIAM  J.  DANNENHAUER  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia on  August  i,  1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley 
on  January  i,  1872,  as  patrolman  of  the  Tenth  District  and  was 
afterwards  transferred  to  the  Reserves.  Walter  Buffin,  a  "  win- 
'dow  smasher,"  and  Charles  P.  Scott,  a  pickpocket,  both  have 
Officer  Dannenhauer  to  thank  for  three-year  terms  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary. 

Reserve  JOHN  PATTON  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  3,  1879.  He  was  one  of  the 
three  who  were  detailed  to  accompany  the  Liberty  Bell  to  New 
Orleans  in  1885. 

Reserve  JOHN  H.  SWOPE  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Maryland,  on  April  15,  1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  on  May  8,  1876,  as  patrolman  of  the  Twenty-first  District 
and  was  transferred  to  the  Reserves  in  August,  1886.  He  served 
during  the  war  in  Company  "  A,"  Seventh  Maryland  Volunteers. 
He  arrested  a  highway  robber  named  Miller  in  1881,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  having  him  sent  to  Cherry  Hill  for  three  years,  and 
"  Bush "  Nevils,  a  burglar,  owes  a  five-year  "  stretch  "  in  the 
same  retreat  to  Officer  Swope.  Officer  Swope  has  saved  two  per- 
sons from  drowning  since  becoming  connected  with  the  depart- 
ment. One  of  these  was  a  woman  who  jumped  off  the  Chestnut 
Street  bridge  into  the  Schuylkill  River  in  an  attempt  to  commit 
suicide. 

Reserve  WILLIAM  SEARCH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
August  12,  1843.  He  was  appointed  on  the  Reserve  Corps  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 

Reserve  SYLVESTER  KEYSER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
February  6,  1843.  He  was  appointed  as  a  member  of  the  Re- 
serves by  Mayor  Stokley  in  August,  1875.  He  has  a  splendid 
war  record,  having  entered  the  army  as  a  private  soldier  in  a 
Michigan  regiment  on  June  2,  1861,  and  risen  to  the  rank  of 


362  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

brevet  major  of  the  U.  S.  Volunteers  in  four  years.  The  latter 
rank  was  conferred  upon  him  "  for  meritorious  conduct  at  Peters- 
burg, Va."  He  bears  the  scars  of  two  wounds  received  in 
action,  one  on  the  hip  and  another  through  the  neck. 

Reserve  GEORGE  W.  WALLACE  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  July  4,  1845.  He  was  appointed  on  the  Reserve  Corps  on 
May  13,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

Reserve  JOHN  A.  NICHOLSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
April  4,  1844.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  on  the  Reserve 
Corps  May  28,  1884.  His  war  record  extends  over  two  years, 
and  includes,  besides  active  service  under  generals  Hunter  and 
Sheridan,  one  month  of  inactivity  and  suffering  in  a  Southern 
prison. 

Reserve  PHILIP  GEIGER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May 
3,  1857.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
in  March,  1878.  He  arrested  Richard  Lloyd  for  murder  on  May 
14,  1880. 

Reserve  THEODORE  QUINTEN  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Md.5  December  5,  1849.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  Sep- 
tember 3,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

Reserve  SAMUEL  L.  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
April  3,  1836.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  on  January  23, 
1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  as  a  patrolman  of  the  Tenth  District, 
and  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the  Reserves.  He  served  in  the 
Federal  army  during  the  war. 

Reserve  JOHN  HUMPHRIES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
February  i,  1847.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May 
12,  1884.  He  is  detailed  as  messenger  at  the  Mayor's  office. 

Reserve  LAFAYETTE  SHOLTZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
October  16,  1841.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  on  the  force  on 
April  i,  1886. 

Reserve  JOSEPH  G.  WILLS  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  as  patrol- 
man of  the  Twelfth  District  and  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the 
Reserve  Corps.  His  war  service  consisted  of  four  years'  service  in 
the  Quartermaster's  department,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

Reserve  FRANK  GRUBER  was  born  in  New  Orleans  on 
October  7,  1840.  -Mayor. -Stc^le^Jappdintey^fi^^tf  Mie^or^"t^ 

f'  thfe  iPwertt-tfeiiid^tJkitH^i  "Ke 
toraasf eirred  .  td?>  the- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


363 


years  under  Mayor  Stokley  and  resigned  and  was  out  of  service 
until  Mayor  Smith  reappointed  him  on  January  31,  1886.  Officer 
Gruber  bears  the  scars  of  wounds  received  at  Bull  Run,  Sulphur 
Spring  and  Fredericksburg  while  in  the  Union  army. 

Reserve  THOMAS  GILLINGHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  May  30,  1845.  He  was  appointed  on  the  Reserve  force  on 
January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  has  served  continuously 
since.  On  June  27,  1875,  he  arrested  John  Hart  for  the  murder 
of  Michael  Kervin.  Hart  went  to  the  penitentiary  for  nine  years. 
In  1882  he  rescued  a  man  from  drowning  at  Clyde's  Wharf,  with 
deeds  and  bonds  on  his  person  valued  at  $5000. 

Reserve  ANDREW  J.  ATKINSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  January  27,  1855.  He  was  appointed  on  May  4,  1876,  by 
Mayor  Stokley  as  a  patrolman  of  the  Third  District.  He  was 
out  of  the  department  for  some  time  under  Mayor  Stokley  and 
was  reappointed  by  Mayor  King. 

Reserve  HENRY  HUMPHRIES  was  born  in  Ireland  on 
January  17,  1837.  He  was  appointed  to  a  place  in  the  depart- 
ment on  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  as  sergeant  of  the 
Eighteenth  District.  He  was  out  of  the  department  three  months 
in  1876,  and  was  reappointed  as  a  Reserve  in  the  same  year.  He 
served  through  the  war  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg. 

Reserve  JOSEPH  K.  ASHTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
May  27,  1837.  He  was  appointed  to  the  department  on  July  9, 
1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  as  a  patrolman  of  the  Eighth  District. 
He  was  afterwards  transferred  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He  served 
through  the  war  in  a  Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  spent  three 
months  in  the  Rebel  prison  at  Belle  Isle. 

Reserve  GEORGE  W.  MERVINE  was  bom  in  Philadelphia 
November  30,  1824.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  June 
4,  1860,  was  promoted  to  district  sergeant  in  1862,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  until  Mayor  Fox's  inauguration,  when  he  was  dis- 
missed. He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley,  as  patrolman  of 
the  Twelfth  District,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Reserve  Corps 
in  1874. 

Reserve  LEWIS  E.  DAWSON  was  born  in  Baltimore  on 
December  24,  1834.  He  was  appointed  on  the  Reserve  Corps  on 
June  15,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

Reserve  THOMAS  NICHOLSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 


364  T1II<:  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

August  24,  1840.  He  was  appointed  on  March  6,  1879.  by 
Mayor  Stokley  after  having  served  eight  years  in  the  paid  fire 
department,  as  foreman  of  truck  "A,"  and  as  assistant  engineer. 
He  has  an  honorable  war  record. 

Reserve  EDMUND  Y.  ASHTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  appointed,  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  18,  1884. 

Reserve  GILBERT  CARNS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Octo- 
ber 21,  1833.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department 
on  May  13,  1861,  by  Mayor  Henry;  resigned  in  1863,  and  was 
reappointed  on  the  Reserve  Corps  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April 
16,  1886. 

THE    FIRST   DISTRICT. 

WILLIAM  WARNOCK,  lieutenant  of  the  First  District,  was 
born  in  Rathmullen,  County  Donegal,  Ireland,  August  15,  1831, 
and  came  to  America  at  an  early  age.  He  was  appointed  a 
patrolman  by  Mayor  Alexander  Henry  in  the  Second  District 
June  T,  1858,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Third  District,  Septem- 
ber, 1860,  and  July,  1861,  to  the  Fourth  District.  In  June,  1863, 
he  was  sworn  into  the  United  States  service  for  emergency  duty 
as  a  member  of  the  Henry  Guards,  and  after  doing  provost  duty 
at  Harrisburg  for  thirty  days  was  honorably  discharged  with  the 
rank  of  corporal.  In  1864-5,  ne  was  detailed  by  Lieutenant  Bow- 
ers of  the  Fourth  District  for  special  duty.  In  July,  1867,  he 
was  detailed  at  the  Central  Station  for  detective  duty  by  May- 
or McMichael,  where  he  served  until  May,  1869.  Mayor  Fox 
discharged  him,  but  on  May  i,  1876,  Mayor  Stokley  appointed 
him  sergeant  in  the  Centennial  Division  of  the  police  under  Cap- 
tain William  Heins.  He  had  charge  at  one  time  of  a  squad  of 
135  men.  On  November  30,  1876,31  the  close  of  the  Centennial 
Exhibition,  he  was  appointed  on  the  Reserve  Corps.  During  the 
railroad  riots  of  1877,  he  was  detailed  by  Mayor  Stokley  to  take 
charge  of  the  men  from  different  districts,  who  were  massed  at 
the  railroad  station  in  West  Philadelphia  under  command  of 
Captain  Charles  Wood.  On  November  9,  1877,  Mayor  Stokley 
promoted  him  to  sergeant  of  the  First  District,  and  on  December 
ii,  1878,  he  was  made  lieutenant  of  the  same  district.  In  the 
winter  of  1865,  while  arresting  George  Mason,  a  notorious 
burglar,  who  afterwards  received  three  years  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary,  he  was  severely  beaten  about  the  head.  He  had 


WILLIAM  WARNOCK, 
Lieutenant  of  the  First  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  -567 

charge  of  the  celebrated  Twitchell  murder  case,  and  in  Novem- 
ber, 1876,  arrested  Bella  McClain,  who  poisoned  a  man  in  a  sa- 
loon at  Forty-first  Street  and  Elm  Avenue.  She  died  while  serv- 
ing out  a  term  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

The  First  District  Station-House  is  on  Fitzwater  Street  below 
Twentieth.  The  district  extends  from  the  south  side  of  South 
Street  to  the  north  side  of  Washington  Avenue,  and  from  the 
west  side  of  Broad  Street  to  the  Schuylkill  River.  The  United 
States  Naval  Asylum  and  the  United  States  Arsenal,  which  are 
both  on  Gray's  Ferry  Road,  are  the  most  important  public  build- 
ings in  his  district.  Rosengarten  &  Sons'  Chemical  Works,  one 
of  the  largest  in  the  United  States,  occupying  the  entire  square 
bounded  by  Seventeenth,  Eighteenth,  Fitzwater  and  Catharine 
streets,  are  also  in  the  First  District. 

Sergeant  ANDREW  CHARLTON  was  born  in  Ireland,  July 
12,  1842.  Before  becoming  connected  with  the  department  he 
followed  the  trade  of  stone-cutting.  His  appointment  on  the  po- 
lice force  was  made  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872.  On 
December  n,  1879,  Mayor  Stokley  promoted  him  to  the  rank  of 
sergeant,  connected  with  the  First  District.  Mayor  King  trans- 
ferred him  to  the  Fifth  District  on  May  31,  1882,  and  he  served 
there  until  transferred  back  to  the  First  District  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  April  19,  1884. 

Sergeant  ADAM  CALHOUN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
June  18,  1847.  Before  becoming  attached  to  the  police  force  his 
occupation  was  that  of  brick-maker.  He  was  appointed  as  a  pa- 
trolman by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1875.  1°  June>  J877, 
Mayor  Stokley  assigned  him  to  duty  as  special  officer  of  the 
First  District,  and  he  served  in  that  capacity  until  the  time  of  his 
appointment  as  sergeant  of  the  district  by  Mayor  Smith,  on  August 
9,  1886.  He  served  a  year  in  the  ii2th  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
Cold  Harbor,  and  the  siege  of  Petersburg.  He  was  wounded  at 
Chapman's  Farm,  Va.,  on  September  29,  1864.  Among  his  most 
important  arrests  were  the  following,  with  the  terms  of  imprison- 
ment attached:  On  March  n,  1878,  Thomas  Martin,  burglary,  fif- 
teen months;  March  7,  1877,  Michael  Haider,  burglary,  one  year; 
March  29,  1877,  Wilson  Stewart,  alias  "  Reddy,"  burglary,  two 
years;  July  u.  1877,  James  McDevitt,  felonious  assault,  three 
years;  January  6,  1880,  Patrick  Carroll,  burglary,  eighteen 


•568  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

months  ,  February  15,  1880,  Robert  Clemments,  burglary,  three 
years;  May  3,  1880,  Wm.  Murphy,  felony,  three  years  ;  September 
4,  1880,  Michael  Rafferty,  burglary,  fifteen  months;  March  17, 
1881,  James  Marley,  house-breaking,  two  years;  March  17,  1881, 
Walter  McVeigh,  house-breaking,  one  year;  March  17,  1881, 
James  Clay,  house-breaking,  one  year ;  November  6,  1883,  James 
Porter,  burglary,  two  years  and  six  months ;  March  30,  1882, 
John  Conway,  alias  "  Ward,"  house-breaking,  eighteen  months , 
April  12,  1884,  Arthur  Moore,  house-breaking,  fourteen  months; 
May  6,  1885,  John  Riley,  felonious  assault,  eight  years  ;  May  6, 
1885,  John  Kane,  felonious  assault,  five  years;  October  1/1885, 
George  Hendrick,  alias  George  Harris,  larceny,  eighteen  months  ; 
June  26,  1885,  John  Berk,  homicide,  eighteen  months  ;  April  3? 
1885,  Jos.  Truax,  false  pretence,  six  years  ;  May  12,  1886,  John 
Conway,  alias  "Dutch,"  burglary,  three  years. 

House-Sergeant  THOMAS  I.  CHADWICK  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia on  July  18,  1844.  He  learned  the  business  of  telegra- 
phy, and  was  thereby  fitted  for  the  position  of  house-sergeant,  to 
which  he  was  appointed  by  Mayor  McMichael  in  August,  1867. 
Since  his  appointment  he  has  held  the  position  continuously 
through  the  different  changes  of  administration.  He  is  a  veteran 
of  the  late  war,  having  served  three  years  in  the  23d  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers  (Birney's  Zouaves),  and  at  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  service  he  re-enlisted  for  one  year  in  the  3d  Regi- 
ment United  States  Veteran  Volunteers. 

House-Sergeant  ROBERT  J.  BELL  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Md.,  January  29,  1845.  He  was  appointed  as  house-sergeant  of 
the  First  District  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  served  during  the  war 
in  the  First  District  of  Columbia  Cavalry  Regiment.  He  was 
wounded  and  captured  on  September  3,  1864,  and  was  held  for 
two  months  as  a  prisoner  of  war  at  Petersburg,  during  the  siege. 
He  was  in  the  United  States  Signal  Service  Corps  as  sergeant, 
from  July  6,  1870,  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  in  1876. 
Sergeant  Bell's  most  important  arrest  was  that  of  Joseph  McCaf- 
frey for  the  larceny  of  silverware  from  the  rooms  of  the  Cameron 
Club,  on  January  i,  1885. 

WILLIAM  J.  ELLIOTT*  was  born  in  Ireland,  June  27,  1858. 


*  In   this  chapter  and  throughout  this  volume,  officers  not  designated  by 
other  titles  may  be  known  as  patrolmen. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


369 


He  was  appointed  on  the  force  on  September  27,  1880,  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  and  has  been  in  continual  service  since. 

THOMAS  NEWMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  15, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by.  Mayor  Smith  on  April 
30,  1884.  He  arrested  John  Lynch  and  John  Gaven,  on  Septem- 
ber 9,  1884,  for  larceny,  and  had  them  sentenced  to  fifteen  months 
in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

THOMAS  F.  McCURDY  was  born  in  Ireland,  on  March  22, 
1851.  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  on  April  27,  1880, 
and  he  has  been  in  continuous  service  since. 

BERNARD  COFFEY  was  born  in  Ireland  on  March  17,  1845. 
He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  of  the  Twentieth  District  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1873,  and  served  until  May  18,  1881, 
when  he  was  discharged  by  Mayor  King.  Mayor  Smith  reap- 
pointed  him  on  January  16,  1886,  and  assigned  him  to  duty  in 
the  First  District.  He  served  two  years  in  the  army,  during  the 
Rebellion. 

SAMUEL  SMITH  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  February,  1845. 
He  was  appointed  in  January,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  has 
served  continuously  since. 

JOSEPH  CHRISTY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  29,  1851. 
He  was  appointed  on  May  3,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  has 
served  up  to  the  present  time. 

ALFRED  J  HAPLITZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  27, 
1839.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  28,  1884.  On 
December  28,  1884,  he  arrested  William  J.  Noble,  a  counterfeiter, 
who  was  sentenced  to  a  term  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  He 
served  three  years  and  a  half  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  war, 
six  months  of  which  time  was  spent  in  Southern  prisons. 

JOHN  C.  McCANDLESS,  patrolman,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  November  17,  1853.  He  was  appointed  on  December  u, 
1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  W.  JOHNSTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April 
28,  1849.  He  was  made  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Sep- 
tember 21,  1875. 

HEN^Y  ALLEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  24,  1853. 
Mayor  King  appointed  him  as  patrolman  on  May  22,  1881. 
Mayor  Smith  dismissed  him  in  May,  1884,  and  reappointed  him 
in  July,  1884. 

JOHN  LITTLE  was  born  in  Ireland  February  29,  1820.  He 
24 


370  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Henry  on  June  14,  1862, 
and  has  served  under  all  the  succeeding  administrations.  Officer 
Little  has  in  his  career  made  many  important  arrests,  but  has 
never  kept  any  record  of  them.  He  has  been  engaged  in  many 
conflicts  with  rioters,  chiefly  among  the  rowdy  element  along  the 
banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  he  bears  a  number  of  scars  to  remind 
him  of  wounds  received  during  those  engagements.  Before  com- 
ing to  this  country  he  was  drill  sergeant  in  the  Royal  Irish  Con- 
stabulary in  the  city  of  Dublin. 

HARRY  KRALL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  8,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  July  12,  1886. 

HARRY  EILL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  31,  1855. 
He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  September  23, 
1879.  He  arrested,  on  July  25,  1884,  John  McGonigle  for  the 
murder  of  his  stepfather.  McGonigle  was  sent  to  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary  for  a  term  of  six  years.  On  July  i,  1885,  he  arrested 
Dennis  Sulivan  for  larceny. 

JAMES  PROCTOR  was  born  in  Ireland  on  November  2,  1837. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  27,  1875.  He  served 
one  year  in  the  navy  on  board  the  U.  S.  S.  S.  Unadilla,  of  the 
North  American  Squadron. 

WILLIAM  DEVER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  13, 
1858.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April  30,  1884. 

ALEXANDER  R.  CALHOUN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
April  14,  1850.  He  has  been  in  continual  service  since  his  ap- 
pointment as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 

LOUIS  E.  KEENE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1849.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  August  16,  1881.  He  served 
two  years  in  the  U.  S.  naval  service.  On  the  night  of  September 
19,  1882,  while  quelling  a  disturbance  at  the  Republican  primary 
election  polls,  Officer  Keene  was  shot  in  the  head  by  Irwin  Alex- 
ander, but  was  not  seriously  wounded.  He  arrested  Alexander, 
who  was  afterwards  acquitted  through  lack  of  direct  testimony. 

WILLIAM  SHIVERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November 
10,  1857.  He  has  served  on  the  force  since  his  appointment 
by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1881. 

GEORGE  WARE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  14, 
1832.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 
He  has  made  and  assisted  in  making  many  important  arrests  but 
kept  no  record  of  them. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  37  x 

RICHARD  JOHNSTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1849. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  5,  1886. 

ROBERT  BROWN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  22, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  8,  1880, 
arid  has  been  in  the  department  since  that  time. 

LEWIS  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  November 
25,  1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  October  5, 
1878. 

JOHN  MURDOCK  is  an  Irishman  by  birth.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  16,  1886. 

GEORGE  GULP  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  June  17,  1830. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  in  July,  1858,  and  served  until 
the  inauguration  of  Mayor  Fox.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  on  February  3,  1872,  and  served  continuously  until  the 
present  time. 

JOHN  BERK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  21,  1835. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  April  30,  1872,  and  has 
been  in  the  department  continuously  up  to  the  present.  Among 
the  professional  criminals  who  were  sent  to  prison  through 
his  instrumentality  at  different  times  the  principal  ones  are  Jeff. 
McCaulley,  Mike  Hogan,  Mose  Lathers  and  "  Reddy  "  Gamble, 
all  burglars.  As  a  Union  soldier  he  served  through  the  entire 
war,  until  the  surrender  of  Lee. 

ROBERT  McKENTY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  September 

3,  1859.     He  was   appointed   on   the  force  on   July    15,    1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith,  and  appointed  special  officer  on  the  ist  November, 
1886. 

JAMES  CAMPBELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  25, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  3,  1876;  re- 
signed June  17,  1881,  and  was  reappointed  on  March  5,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

JAMES  JOHNSTON  was  born  in   Philadelphia  on   December 

4,  1856.     He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April  30,  1884. 
THOMAS  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  4,  1853. 

Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  as  a  patrolman  on  August  9,  1878. 
Among  the  numerous  arrests  he  made  are  the  following  :  Charles 
McAllister,  for  larceny,  George  Russel,  burglary,  George  Archer, 
aggravated  assault  and  battery — five  years  in  the  Eastern  Peniten- 
tiary; Frank  Lappan  and  William  Kurtz,  larceny. 


37  2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

SAMUEL  DEVER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  9,  1857. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  February  i,  1886. 

W.  K.  McBETH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  25,  1859. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  i,  1884;  transferred 
to  the  Seventeenth  District  in  January,  1886,  and  was  returned  to 
the  First  District  in  May,  1886.  He  served  three  years  in  the 
United  States  naval  service.  He  arrested  Samuel  Rafferty  for 
robbing  railroad  cars  ill  February,  1886. 

WILLIAM  HUNTER  was  born  in  Ireland  on  March  13,  1839. 
He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i, 
1875,  and  has  served  since.  One  year's  service  in  the  Keystone 
Battery  is  his  record  as  a  soldier. 

JAMES  CAMPBELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  15, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
May  i,  1884. 

FRANK  GALLAGHER  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1848.  He 
became  a  patrolman  by  appointment  of  Mayor  Stokley  in 
August,  1880.  In  1882  he  arrested  Kate  Burneson  for  the  mur- 
der of  Maggie  Curlett,  and  Henry  Swanzberg  for  house-breaking. 
In  1884  Daniel  Kane  was  arrested  and  sent  to  the  Eastern  Peni- 
tentiary for  two  years,  by  Officer  Gallagher,  for  burglary. 

ROBERT  R.  LOCKHART  was  born  in  Ireland  on  June  17, 
1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  January  16,  1883. 

WILLIAM  B.  WATSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  6, 
1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  29,  1874  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

JOSHUA  G.  BATES  was  born  in  England  June  21,  1842.  He 
served  three  years  and  three  months  in  the  army  during  the  late 
war,  enlisting  as  a  private,  and  was  discharged  as  first  lieutenant. 
Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  October  7, 
1886. 

DANIEL  G.  KERR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  18, 
1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  July  12, 
1886. 

JOHN  GIBSON,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 
4,  1841.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Au- 
gust 28,  1872,  and  was  transferred  to  the  position  of  turnkey  by 
Mayor  King  on  July,  1883.  Officer  Gibson  has  made  a  number 
of  important  arrests  of  thieves,  burglars,  house-breakers,  etc.,  but 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


373 


has  kept  no  record.     He  served  during  the  entire  war  as  a  Union 
soldier. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

DAVID  R.  McCANDLESS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1849.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  October  6,  1886. 

DANIEL  MOORE  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Penn.,  on 
April  27,  1859.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  October 
6,  1886. 

HENRY  FOWLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  February  4, 
1857.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  November  20,  1886. 

WILLIAM  RANKIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  February 
22,  1854.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley  on  January  3,  1876,  and  served  until  September  28,  1878  ; 
was  reappointed  on  February  i,  1880,  and  again  left  the  depart- 
ment on  December  28,  1886.  He  was  reappointed  as  a  substitute 
patrolman  on  January  21,  1887,  by  Mayor  Smith. 


374  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER   XV. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

SECOND  DISTRICT  AND  PATROL  SERVICE. — LIEUTENANT 
GILLINGHAM. — SERGEANTS  PETERMAN,  LYNCH,  BEATTY, 
ZANE  AND  POPE. — SPECIAL  OFFICERS  HAGAN  AND 
BECKLEY. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — CAPTAIN  M ALA- 
TESTA  OF  THE  PATROL. — WORKING  OF  THE  SYSTEM. 

THE   SECOND    DISTRICT. 

LEWIS  GILLINGHAM,  lieutenant  of  the  Second  District,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  October  8,  1835.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the 
Twentieth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  and  served  three  years. 
Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  sergeant  in  the  Second  District 
January  i,  1872,  and  in  January,  1880,  he  was  made  a  lieutenant. 
During  his  long  service  Lieutenai  t  Gillingham  has  made  many 
important  arrests,  the  most  noted  being  John  Hughes,  alias  "  Eng- 
lish Johnny,"  and  Michael  Reagan,  alias  "  Kelly,"  notorious  burg- 
lars, on  April  3,  1872  ;  James  Brown  and  John  Gordon,  alias 
"  Foster,"  burglars,  January  13,  1873  ;  Jacob  Hartborer,  for  vio- 
lation of  United  States  Internal  Revenue  laws,  April  17,  1877; 
Raphael  Vienna,  Charles  Armigui  and  Cecil  Surnio,  smugglers, 
May  1 8,  1877  ;  William  Dankey  and  Simon  Wild,  highway  rob- 
bers, September  19,  1881  ;  Melinda  Mowery,  a  notorious  domestic 
thief,  December  9,  1881,  and  Antoine  Raenner,  alias  "Beefier" 
Haines,  murderer,  October  8,  1884.  The  Second  District  Station- 
House  is  on  Second,  above  Christian  Street,  and  the  district  com- 
prises the  Second,  Third,  and  Fourth  wards.  E.  C.  Knight's 
Sugar  Refinery,  Delaware  Avenue  and  Bainbridge  Street ;  Harri- 
son Havemeyer  &  Co.,  Sugar  Refinery,  Delaware  Avenue  and 
Almond  Street;  the  Southwark  Foundry,  Fifth  Street  and  Wash- 
ington Avenue ;  Schomacker  Piano  Manufacturing  Company, 
north-west  corner  of  Eleventh  and  Catherine  streets,  and  Belrose 


LEWIS  GILLINGHAM, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Second  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


377 


&  Co.,  manufacturers  of  woollen  goods,  south-west  corner 
Eleventh  and  Catherine  streets,  are  the  most  important  industrial 
establishments  in  the  district. 

Sergeant  JOHN  C.  PETERMAN,  who  died  December  7, 
1886,  was  appointed  sergeant  of  the  Second  Police  District  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  May  4,  1884.  At  the  time  of  his  appointment 
to  that  position  he  was  not  in  the  department,  having  resigned  in 
April,  1882,  after  four  years'  service  under  mayors  Stokley  and 
King.  His  first  appointment  to  a  place  in  the  department  was 
conferred  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  June  29,  1878.  Sergeant  Peter- 
man  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  having  been  born  here  on 
April  3,  1847. 

Sergeant  JOHN  W.  LYNCH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
December,  1854.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stok- 
ley in  May,  1876,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the  Second  Dis- 
trict by  Mayor  Smith  January  i,  1887,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Sergeant  Peterman.  Among  the  notorious  people 
whom  Officer  Lynch  has  arrested  and  sent  to  prison  are  "  Shay  " 
Trusty  and  "  Skinny "  Simpson,  highway  robbers,  Eddie,  alias 
"Quaker"  Murphy  for  burglary  and  jail  delivery,  Michael 
O'Rourke  and  John  Carney,  burglars,  and  other  lesser  lights  in 
criminal  circles. 

ALEXANDER  BEATTY  was  made  sergeant  of  the  Seventeenth 
Police  District  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  i,  1884.  He  was  after- 
wards transferred  to  the  Second  District.  At  the  time  of  his  ap- 
pointment as  sergeant  he  was  not  in  the  department,  having  re- 
signed under  Mayor  King  on  February  23,  1883.  Up  to  the 
time  of  his  resignation  he  had  served  as  patrolman,  having  been 
appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November  24,  1877.  He  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  6,  1852. 

GEORGE  B.  ZANE,  house-sergeant  of  the  Second  District, 
has  been  in  the  service  of  the  department  over  nineteen  years. 
He  was  appointed  house-sergeant  on  June  i,  1867,  by  Mayor 
McMichael  and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Sixth  District.  He  was 
transferred  to  the  Second  District  on  January  12,  1869.  His 
army  record  includes  three  months  in  the  Nineteenth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  two  years  and  nine  months  in  the 


378  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

72d  Regiment.     He  lost  an  arm  in  the  service.      He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  on  June  26,  1840. 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  S.  POPE  served  as  patrolman 
from  the  time  of  his  appointment  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i. 
1872,  until  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  house-sergeant  by 
the  same  mayor  on  June  13,  1879,  an^  ne  ^as  continued  to  offici- 
ate in  that  capacity  up  to  the  present  time.  He  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  Navy  on  April  15,  1861,  and  served  until  April  if, 
1864.  He  made  a  number  of  important  arrests  and  assisted  in 
many  others.  On  February  10,  1876,  he,  with  Officer  John  Myers, 
arrested  Frank  Johnson,  John  Magee,  and  John  Donegan,  highway 
robbers,  on  Februarys,  1826,  assisted  by  the  same  officer  he 
arrested  Thomas  Mitchell,  a  maker  of  counterfeit  money ;  on 
April  30,  1879,  he  arrested  Henry  Nugent  and  Henry  Cassiday, 
burglars. 

PATRICK  HAGAN,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  August  i,  1851.  He  was  appointed  as  a  patrolman  and  as- 
signed to  special  duty  on  January  i,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Officer  Hagan  is  a  very  valuable  man,  as  he  knows  every  profes- 
sional criminal  in  his  district  and  nearly  every  one  in  the  city. 
He  has  a- good  record  in  the  department  and  he  has  made  a  num- 
ber of  arrests. 

Among  those  whom  Officer  Hagan  has  sent  to  the  penitentiary 
are  Charles  Knight,  for  burglary  and  assault  with  intent  to  kill ; 
William  Sniitb,  burglar ;  George  Wetstone,  counterfeit  shover ; 
Robert  Jefferson  and  George  Schooly,  house-breakers  ;  Salmonia 
Demining,  burglar ;  Edward  Cassidy,  burglar ;  Richard  Jones, 
house-breaker  ;  Andy  Gegan,  horse  thief ;  and  many  other  male- 
factors of  all  kinds,  from  the  murderer  to  the  pilferer  of  pocket- 
books.  He  is  known  as  "  the  sleuth  hound  "  of  the  Second  Dis- 
trict, never  tires,  and  the  more  work  he  has  to  do  the  happier 
he  is. 

ALBERT  F.  BICKLEY,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  October  3,  1846.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and  served  until  September, 
1883,  when  he  resigned  to  take  a  position  in  the  sheriff's  office. 
Mayor  Smith  recalled  him  to  the  department  on  May  6,  1884,  and 
he  was  assigned  to  special  duty  in  the  Second  District.  He 
served  two  years  and  eleven  months  in  the  army,  and  was  wound- 
ed in  the  left  breast  on  June  18,  1864,  at  Petersburg. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


379 


Since  his  appointment  as  special  officer  he  has  made  a  number 
of  important  arrests,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  John  Morris, 
a  highway  robber;  William  Blotz,  alias  "  Dutch  Willie,"  a  thief; 
Michael  Lynch,  a  burglar  ;  Luke  Sheridan,  a  robber  ;  Joseph  Murry, 
a  pickpocket  ;  Anthony  Hale,  a  blackmailer  ;  Lee  Hahn,  Charles 
Lee  and  Lee  Gee,  Chinamen,  robbers  and  poisoners,  and  William 
Stotz  and  William  McCullough,  alias  "  French,"  burglars. 

EDWARD  E.  WISNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  12, 
1850.  He  served  six  months  in  the  army  during  the  Rebellion. 
He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  on  January  6,  1881,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  He  arrested  on  February  3,  1882,  William  Burns 
for  house  robbery,  and  had  him  convicted  and  sentenced  to  four 
years  and  six  months. 

JAMES  C.  SCANLAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January 
4,  1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i, 
1875,  as  patrolman  and  has  served  continuously  in  that  position 
since. 

JOHN  NUTT  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  on  February  6, 
1828.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  in  1854  by  Mayor 
Conrad  and  served  two  years,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  again 
appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  in  1860,  and  served  eight  years  and 
four  months,  when  he  resigned  a  second  time.  Mayor  Stokley 
again  made  him  a  patrolman  in  1872  and  he  has  served  contin- 
uously since.  His  full  term  of  service  in  the  department  has 
amounted  to  over  twenty-five  years.  His  first  arrest  of  great  im- 
portance was  that  of  John  Hart,  charged  with  murder.  He  also 
arrested  George  Woodward  for  horse  stealing  in  Chester  County. 
He  arrested,  on  May  6,  1883,  Harry  Berg  and  Michael  Kelly  and 
they  were  each  sentenced  to  ten  years  in  Trenton.  Officer  Nutt 
is  known  as  the  "  old  reliable."  Has  as  much  energy  and  ambi- 
tion as  the  youngest  man  on  the  force,  notwithstanding  his 
twenty-five  years  of  service. 

CHARLES  J.  MURPHY  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  on  May  n, 
1836.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  Sep- 
tember, 1874.  He  arrested  John  Davidson,  who  murdered  his 
mother  with  a  hatchet  in  their  miserable  lodging  on  May  4, 
1882.  Davidson  committed  suicide  in  Moyamensing  Prison  while 
awaiting  trial. 

ADAM  HUNTERSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  8, 
1836.  He  served  over  three  years  in  the  United  States  Navy 


380  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

during  the  Rebellion.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  May  14,  1880. 

JOEL  ADAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  28,  1852.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  April,  1879.  He  has  made 
many  important  arrests  and  saved  several  persons  from  drowning. 

H.  F.  KEYSER  was  born  in  1844.  He  was  appointed  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 

WILLIAM  McCLOSKEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  Sep- 
tember, 1853.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  King  in 
March,  1882. 

JAMES  C.  REDMOND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  2,  1858. 
He  was  appointed  as  patrolman  in  May,  1881,  by  Mayor  King. 

CHARLES  S.  RONEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  n,  1840. 
He  served  ten  years  in  the  United  States  Navy.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  May  26,  1884.  He  has  cap- 
tured several  burglars,  highway  robbers  and  pickpockets. 

JAMES  YOUNG  was  born  in  Ireland  on  October  31,  1842. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  army.  Under  Mayor  McMichael  he 
served  three  years  on  the  police  force.  He  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  December  8,  1874,  and  has  been  on  the  force 
ever  since. 

JOSEPH  F.  CRILLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  i,  1860. 
He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  2,  1884. 
He  arrested,  in  October,  1886,  Frank  Bennet  and  Michael  Cole 
for  highway  robbery. 

LEWIS  K.  PREOLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  17, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  March, 
1880.  His  most  important  arrest  was  that  of  John  Robinson, 
alias  "Jack  Sheppard,"  a  highway  robber  and  thief. 

JOHN  J.  BARTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  27, 
1857.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884. 

WILLIAM  E.  LONG  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  September  14, 
1843.  He  has  been  on  the  police  force  nearly  fourteen  years, 
having  been  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  March,  1873.  He 
served  eighteen  months  in  the  army. 

JAMES  BUCHANAN  was  born  in  Ireland  on  September  19, 
1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  June  4,  1884. 

JAMES  SPENCER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  17, 
1845.  He  has  served  fifteen  years  on  the  force,  having  been  ap- 


SECOND  DISTRICT  STATION-HOUSE. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  383 

pointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872.     He  served  three 
months  in  the  army. 

JOHN  A.  MYERS  was  born  on  January  12,  1833.  He  was 
appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Conrad  in  1855  and 
served  two  years.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872 
and  has  served  ever  since.  He  has  made  a  number  of  important 
arrests,  notably  Robert  McKinney,  on  December  29,  1874,  charged 
with  homicide.  On  February  5,  1876,  assisted  by  Officer  Charles 
S.  Pope,  he  arrested  Thomas  Mitchell,  a  counterfeiter,  and  on  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1876,  with  Officer  Pope  arrested  Frank  Johnson,  John 
Magee  and  John  Donegan,  highway  robbers. 

EDWARD  E.  WILLS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  13, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  10,  1874. 

D.  F.  HARRINGTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  on  August 
8,  1860.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  on  May  i,  1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  GRIMES  was  born  on  October  30,  1830.  His 
first  appointment  on  the  force  was  by  Mayor  Henry,  under  whom 
he  served  five  years.  He  served  three  years  under  Mayor  Mc- 
Michael,  eight  months  under  Mayor  Fox,  nine  years  under  Mayor 
Stokley,  three  years  under  Mayor  King  and  three  years  under 
Mayor  Smith,  a  total  of  thirty-one  years. 

JOHN  GLASS  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  January  8,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  i,  1884. 

JOSEPH  H.  SILBERT  -was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August 
18,  1838.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on 
May  6,  1876. 

WILLIAM  CALDWELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  25, 
1831.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Vaux  on 
October  3,  1860,  and  has  served  in  the  department  twenty-three 
years,  having  been  off  the  force  a  portion  of  the  time  since  "his 
appointment.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Henry  Guards.  He  has 
made  a  number  of  important  arrests,  among  them  being  several 
well-known  house-breakers. 

RICHARD  BERRY  was  born  in   Philadelphia,  in   1825.      He 
has  served  on   the   police  force  for  more  than  twenty-five  years 
and  in  that  time  has  made  arrests  of  all  grades  of  criminals,  but 
has  kept  no  record  of  them.     When   the  Confederate   Army  in- 
vaded Pennsylvania  in   1863,  he  joined  the   Henry  Guards.     He 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


i     i  i 

I  a  v*  •  nV    F 


^tL-l-i 


i    I    i 

1  '•*  '"•  i    j 

'i ri   i 


INTERIOR  PLAN,  SECOND  DISTRICT  STATION-HOUSE. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


385 


is  full  of  energy  and  afraid  of  nothing.     He  was  a  constable  before 
consolidation. 

LEWIS  W.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  17, 
1846.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  on  May  4,  1876,  by  Mayor 
Stokley.  He  has  a  war  record  of  four  years  in  the  United  States 
Navy. 

WILLIAM  BOOTH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  September 
29,  1844.  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  in  June,  1875. 
Four  months'  service  in  the  army  entitles  him  to  wear  the  red 
stripes. 

JOHN  H.  LYONS  is  one  of  the  old  officers  of  the  city.  He 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  September  27,  1836.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Henry  June  17,  1858,  and  remained  in  the  ser- 
vice until  relieved  from  duty  by  Mayor  Fox,  on  May  5,  1869. 
Mayor  Stokley  reappointed  him  on  January  i,  1872,  and  he  has 
served  through  the  terms  of  mayors  Stokley,  King  and  Smith. 
He  has  served  the  department  altogether  nearly  twenty-six  years. 
He  enlisted  in  the  United  States  service  as  a  private  in  Captain 
John  Spear's  company  of  City  Police  Volunteers  on  June  17, 
1863,  and  was  discharged  by  expiration  of  service  on  July  21, 
1863. 

JULIUS  PHILIBERT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  12, 
1838.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  27,  1879. 
He  served  seven  months  in  the  army. 

WILLIAM  GREGORY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Decem- 
ber 13,  1839.  He  was  appointed  in  May,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley. He  served  one  year  in  the  United  States  Navy  during  the 
war. 

ROBERT  ADDLETON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Decem- 
ber ii,  1839.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i, 
1875,  and  has  been  in  continuous  service  for  twelve  years.  He 
served  one  year  in  the  United  States  Navy. 

THOMAS  SHANNON  was  born  in  1858.  He  was  appointed 
by  Mayor  Smith  on  June  7,  1884. 

JEFFREY  C.  MORRISON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Jan- 
uary 8,  1830.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  on  January 
i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  has  been  in  continuous  service 
since. 

HORACE  W.  LILLY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  30, 
1846.      He  was  appointed  by  Mayor   Smith,   as   patrolman,   on 
25 


386  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

March  20,  1886.  He  served  one  year  in  the  United  States  Army 
during  the  Rebellion. 

JOSEPH  N.  CONSIDINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1858. 
He  was  appointed  a  sub-patrolman  on  February  15,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

ZACHARY  T.  MOORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Febru- 
ary 14,  1848.  He  was  appointed  a  sub-patrolman  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  January  12,  1886.  He  served  thirty-two  months  in  the 
United  States  Army  during  the  late  war. 

ALBERT  HAMM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  8,  1840. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

JAMES  HATTENFIELD  was  born  In  Philadelphia  January 
5,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  7,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  F.  LAMB  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
4,  1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  14,  1876,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

CHARLES  GOLDSTEIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January 
19,  1856.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  7,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  PAUL  was  born  in  Ireland  April  22,  1852.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  April  4,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

MARK  F.  CARROLL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February 
22,  1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  15,  1879,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

HUGH  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  15,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  5,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CONRAD  SCHAEFFER  was  born  in  Germany,  August  7, 
1838.  Served  in  the  8th  Regiment  Illinois  Cavalry  in  the  late 
war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  March  7,  1873,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

JOHN  SBARBARO  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  28, 
1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  20,  1883,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

MONTRAVILLE  LYBRAND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  De- 
cember 29,  1837.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  H.  KEEGAN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1836.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  in  1869,  by  Mayor  Fox,  and  served 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


387 


until  1872.  Was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1876,  and 
again  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1883. 

FILMORE  WALKER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  i, 
1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  in  1878  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  RUDGE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1854.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  April  7,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  KEEGAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  21,  1855. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  22,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

ROBERT  J.  SIEMERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  30,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

ROBERT  GILFILLAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  16, 
1846.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  the  late  war.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  March  17,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  BOS  WELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1846. 
Served  in  the  2gth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  in  the  late 
war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  24,  1875,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

HENRY  CRAIG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  5,  1853. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  July  25,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

DAVID  ROACH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  25,  1841. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  in  1869,  by  Mayor  Fox,  and  served 
two  years.  Reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  December,  1881. 

JAMES  METZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  12,  1835. 
Served  one  year  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  the  late  war.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  October  10,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CHARLES  ENDRESS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  22, 
1830.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872. 

JOHN  F.  SLATER,  special  officer,  was  born  at  Churchtown, 
Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  on  September  i,  1853.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  on  June  23,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley 
and  assigned  to  duty  as  special  officer  of  the  Seventeenth  Dis- 
trict. While  there  in  that  capacity,  he  and  Spe'.ial  Officer  Ander- 
son were  "  side  partners,"  and  together  perfor  ,ed  a  great  deal  of 
clever  detective  work.  The  story  of  the  arrests  made  by  them  is 
given  in  the  sketch  of  John  Anderson,  special  officer  of  the  Twenty- 
fifth  District.  When  that  district  was  created  Special  Officer 
Slater  was  transferred  to  the  Second  District  and  Special  Officer 
Anderson  to  the  Twenty-fifth  District. 

WILLIAM  MORROW  was  born  in   Ireland  on  July  4,  1846. 


388  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

He  enlisted  in  the  2oth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Infantry  and 
served  three  months,  and  on  August  8,  1861,  enlisted  in  the  ist 
Regiment  Maryland  Cavalry,  for  three  years.  At  the  expiration 
of  that  term  of  service,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  same  regiment  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  4,  1874. 

RICHARD  H.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 
28,  1853.  In  1873  he  enlisted  in  the  ist  Regiment  U.  S.  Heavy 
Artillery  and  served  one  year.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  U.  S. 
Navy  for  three  years.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  on 
May  14,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  arrested  William  Harris  for 
burglary,  in  July,  1885. 

PAUL  BERGER,  turnkey,  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  on  Au- 
gust 13,  1827.  He  was  appointed  on  April  17,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith.  He  served  two  years  and  a  half  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during 
the  Mexican  War. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

GEORGE  A.  WAGNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  16, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  November  n,  1886. 

WESLEY  HUNTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  23, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  November  20,  1886. 

JAMES  WATSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  21. 
1846.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  17,  1874. 

ROBERT  JOHNSTON  was  born  in   Philadelphia  on  July  20, 

1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  March  n,  1886. 
THOMAS  H.  KRIDER  was  born  in'  Philadelphia  on  July  19, 

1849.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  on  April  5,  1876,  by- 
Mayor  Stokley;  resigned  May  12,  1882,  and  was  reappointed  a 
substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  November  u,  1886. 
He  arrested  Martin  Curtis  in  August,  1878,  for  burglary:  sen- 
tenced to  four  years  and  six  months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

THE  SIGNAL  AND  PATROL  SERVICE. 

JOSEPH  MALATESTA,  captain  of  the  police  patrol  service 
and  superintendent  of  vans,  was  born  in  Genoa,  Italy,  August  2, 

1841.  He  came   to  Philadelphia  when   ten  years  old  and   started 
life  in  the  New  Wrorld  as  a  newsboy.     He  first  sold  papers  about 
Fifth   and   Chestnut   streets,    and  afterwards   on   railroad   trains 


JOSEPH  MALATESTA, 

Captain  of  the  Police  Patrol  Service  and 

Superintendent  of  Vans. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  391 

running  between  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  In  1861  he 
started  a  fruit  stand  at  Fifth  and  Chestnut  streets,  and  meeting 
with  success,  five  years  later  branched  out  as  an  importer  and 
wholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  wines  and  fine  groceries.  He  es- 
tablished his  present  place  of  business  at  Eighth  and  Lombard 
streets  about  fifteen  years  ago.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  to 
his  present  position  in  1884.  Captain  Malatesta  is  recognized  as 
a  leader  among  citizens  of  Italian  birth,  and  by  his  thrift  and  en- 
terprise has  amassed  a  handsome  fortune.  He  bears  the  distinc- 
tion of  being  the  first  superintendent  of  vans  and  captain  of 
the  Police  Patrol  Service,  Philadelphia  has  had,  the  office  being 
created  by  Mayor  Smith  and  tendered  to  Captain  Malatesta. 
"  Captain  Joe,"  as  he  is  familiarly  known  by  his  friends  and  the 
police,  is  very  popular  both  in  and  outside  of  the  department. 

The  Police  Telephone,  Signal  and  Patrol  Service  System,  as 
operated  in  Philadelphia  at  the  present  time,  covers  fifteen  police 
districts.  There  are  eight  patrol  stations,  located  as  follows  : 

Station  i — Cypress  Street,  East  of  Fourth,  covering  Third  and 
Fourth  Police  districts ;  Station  2 — Thirty-seventh  Street  and 
Woodland  Avenue,  covering  Twenty-first  Police  District ;  Station 
3 — Thirty-ninth  Street  and  Lancaster  Avenue,  covering  Sixteenth 
Police  District ;  Station  4 — Fifteenth  and  Cuthbert  streets,  cover- 
ing Sixth  and  Twentieth  Police  districts ;  Station  5 — Juniper  and 
Sansom  streets,  covering  Fifth  and  Nineteenth  Police  districts; 
Station  6 — 1507  Moyamensing  Avenue,  covering  Second  and 
Twenty-fifth  Police  districts  (East  of  Sixth)  ;  Station  7— Twelfth 
and  Wharton  streets,  covering  Second,  Seventeenth  and  Twenty- 
fifth  Police  districts  (between  Sixth  and  Broad) ;  Station  8 — Twelfth 
and  Wharton  streets,  covering  First  and  Seventeenth  Police  dis- 
tricts (West  of  Broad). 

The  instruments  and  batteries  for  receiving  and  sending  the 
necessary  signals  are  placed  in  the  district  station-houses.  The 
apparatus  is  entirely  automatic,  and  is  in  charge  of  the  house  or 
signal-sergeant,  who  also  has  charge  of  the  telegraph  system  be- 
tween the  station-house  and  police  headquarters.  The  men  in 
charge  of  the  signal  station,  when  located  at  a  point  other  than  a 
district  station-house,  where  no  other  telegraph  service  is  re- 
quired, are  competent  to  its  supervision. 

The  register  upon  which  the  signals  are  received  is  self-acting ; 
and  whenever  a  signal  is  transmitted  from  the  street  station,  the 


392 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


record  is  made  whether  the  person  at  the  station  be  present  or 
temporarily  absent.  The  batteries  used  are  of  the  kind  known  as 
"  gravity  batteries,"  are  very  steady,  constant  and  reliable  in  their 
working,  and  require  but  little  care.  Telephones  and  transmitters 
are  also  placed  in  the  district  stations  for  use  when  the  arbitrary 
signals  of  the  telegraph  are  not  sufficient  to  cover  the  special  in- 
formation desired  to  be  transmitted. 

Radiating  from  each  station-house  are  telegraph  lines  or  circuits 
running  through  the  entire  districts,  connected  at  the  points  de- 
sired with  a  small  structure,  in  size  and  form  not  unlike  a  small 
sentry-box.  This  street  station  is  octagonal  in  shape,  with 


CALLING    THE   PATROL   WAGON. 

pointed  top  two  feet  eight  inches  in  diameter,  and  about  eight  feet 
in  height.  The  sides  are  covered  with  iron  and  the  top  with 
heavy  glass.  These  street  stations  take  the  place  of  lamp-posts, 
and  the  gas  or  other  lamp  is  placed  upon  the  top.  This  serves 
not  only  as  a  street-lamp  but  also  to  light  the  interior  of  the  box 
at  night.  The  doors  of  these  stations  are  furnished  with  a  patent 
trap-lock,  so  constructed  that,  whenever  a  key  is  used,  it  cannot 
be  withdrawn  until  released  with  a  master  key.  Every  key  is 
numbered,  and  a  registry  kept  of  the  holder,  which  establishes  re- 
sponsibility and  prevents  the  giving  of  needless  alarms ;  for,  when 
a  key  has  been  used,  it  can  be  returned  to  its  owner  only  by  the 
proper  officer,  who  holds  in  his  possession  the  master  or  release  key. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


393 


THE  STREET  STATION,  COMPLETE,  WITH  DOOR  OPEN,  SHOWING 
ALARM-BOX,  WITH  TELEPHONE,  ETC.,  AND  WITH  LAMP  ON 
TOP,  TAKING  PLACE  OF  IRON  LAMP-POST. 


394 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


Keys  of  street  stations  may  be  given  to  responsible  citizens, 
who  are  thus  able  to  aid  in  the  supervision  of  peace  in  their  neigh- 
borhood ;  and  are  also  carried  by  all  members  of  the  force  in  the 
districts  covered  by  the  system.  The  locks  are  uniform  through- 
out the  city,  and  one  key  will  open  any  station. 

Inside  of  each  station  is  placed  a  small  iron  case  with  a  door 
and  lock,  the  case  containing  an  automatic  signal  instrument,  by 
means  of  which  a  key-holder,  by  pulling  down  a  hook  or  lever 
which  protrudes  from  the  side  of  the  case,  can  signal  the  police 
station  and  call  for  aid.  None  but  officers  are  in  possession  of 
keys  to  the  inside  boxes,  which  contain,  in  addition  to  the  signal 
apparatus,  a  telephone  and  transmitter. 


ALARM-BOX  WITH  DOOR  OPEN,  SHOWING  THE  SIGNAL-BOX  WITH 
DIAL  FOR  DIFFERENT  CALLS,  AND  TELEPHONE  FOR  USE  OF 
PATROLMAN  IN  COMMUNICATING  WITH  POLICE  STATION. 

A  patrolman,  on  entering  a  street  station,  can  immediately 
transmit  a  special  signal,  which  will  inform  the  officer  on  duty  at 
the  police  station  of  his  presence.  The  telephone  can  then  be 
used  for  the  transmission  of  orders  from  headquarters  to  the  pa- 
trolman, or  by  the  patrolman  to  indicate  whatever  may  be  his 
wants  or  suspicions. 

At  the  police  station,  a  wagon  and  pair  of  horses  are  contin- 
uously awaiting  orders  for  service.  The  force  especially  held  for 
this  service  consists  of  two  patrol  sergeants,  two  drivers  and  two 
patrolmen,  divided  into  two  squads,  performing  twelve  hours  duty 
each.  The  electrical  adjustment,  when  the  wagon  is  called, 
lights  up  the  gas  in  the  quarters  of  the  men  and  in  the  stable. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  39S 

Bpens  the  stalls  of  the  horses,  and  permits  the  wagon  to  be  upon 
jie  street  in  response  to  the  signal  within  a  fraction  of  a  minute. 

The  patrol  wagons  used  "are  models  of  convenience  and  adap- 
tability for  the  service.  They  combine  lightness  with  strength, 
are  conspicuous  by  their  light  blue  body  and  bright  red  running 
gear,  and  are  tastily  marked  and  numbered  by  their  district  loca- 
tion. A  high  seat  furnishes  room  for  the  driver  and  two  men, 
while  the  seats,  placed  lengthwise  in  the  vehicle,  accommodate  a 
score  more.  An  alarm  gong  is  used  to  give  warning  of  their  ap- 
proach and  secure  their  right  of  way  in  answering  calls.  Under 
the  seats  are  compartments  for  hand-cuffs,  ropes,  canvas  stretcher, 
jumping  canvas  for  fires,  surgical  instruments,  bandages,  tourni- 
quets, stimulants  and  other  articles,  whilst  a  fire-extinguisher  and 
hand-grenades  are  ready  for  an  incipient  fire. 

The  stretcher  is  an  ingenious  arrangement.  When  not  in  use, 
it  is  rolled  up  on  the  poles  and  placed  in  one  of  the  compart- 
ments under  the  seat.  When  required  for  use,  the  stretcher  is 
drawn  out  through  a  small  door  at  the  end  of  the  wagon;  and 
four  spring-hooks,  which  accompany  it,  are  fitted  in  their  places 
— two  on  each  side  of  the  wagon.  Into  these  hooks  the  poles  of 
the  stretcher  are  placed,  and  the  canvas  hangs  between  the  seats 
of  the  wagon,  without  jolting.  The  stretcher  can  be  liftec  from 
the  wagon  and  carried  without  disturbing  the  patient.  For  vio- 
lent prisoners,  there  are  rings  in  the  floor  of  the  wagon,  to  which 
the  belligerent  party  can  be  tied  down  and  secured. 

When  trouble  of  any  kind  occurs,  demanding  the  presence  of  a 
police  force  in  any  part  of  the  district  covered  by  the  system,  the 
door  of  the  street  station  is  opened  and  the  lever  protruding  from 
the  side  of  the  alarm-box  is  pulled  down  its  full  length.  The 
signal  is  instantly  communicated  to  the  district  station,  and  the 
wagon  and  detail  on  duty  immediately  proceed  to  the  point 
indicated,  ready  for  whatever  duty  may  have  caused  the  call. 

Patrolmen  as  they  go  their  rounds  on  street  duty  are  required 
to  report  at  the  street  stations  on  the  various  portions  of  their 
beats,  either  at  fixed  hours  or  as  often  as  it  may  be  deemed  ad- 
visable. This  requirement  guarantees  the  faithfulness  of  the 
force  and  prevents  any  shirking  of  duty  or  continued  absence 
from  post.  A  record  of  every  report  thus  received  is  kept  by. the 
signal-sergeant,  and  transmitted  to  headquarters  for  examina- 
tion and  future  reference.  In  case  of  any  occurrence  upon  the 


396  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

beat  of  an  officer,  this  record  will  exhibit  his  movements  and 
show  whether  he  has  given  the  care  and  vigilance  desired  in  the 
performance  of  his  duty. 

In  case  of  the  perpetration  of  any  great  crime,  the  fact  being 
communicated  to  the  various  district  stations  by  telegraph  from 
police  headquarters,  the  officers  could  be  individually  informed 
when  they  reported  from  the  street  stations,  and  the  whole  force 
upon  the  street  thus  be  fully  advised  of  the  crime  and  its  details, 
and  be  on  the  alert  for  the  arrest  of  the  suspected  parties. 

The  experience  of  the  police  department  in  the  working  of  the 
telephone  and  signal-telegraph  system  has  been  such  that  new 
uses  and  advantages  have  been  and  are  being  constantly  devel- 
oped ;  but  the  following  may  be  mentioned  as  among  the  principal 
and  most  important  points  of  value  : 

It  increases  the  certainty  of  punishment  for  crime,  and  must 
therefore  exercise  the  most  powerful  influence  for  its  prevention. 
It  gives  to  every  citizen,  however  remote  from  headquarters,  the 
means  of  instantly  summoning  police  assistance.  It  enables  the 
authorities  to  humanely  care  for  the  unfortunate  victims  of  ac- 
cident or  sudden  illness  ;  it  affords  the  opportunity  to  convey  to 
the  station,  in  a  properly  arranged  wagon,  the  uproarious  drunkard 
or  street-brawler,  without  the  lamentable  exposures  so  common 
under  the  old  style  of  arrests.  The  city  is  the  custodian  of  the 
morals  of  its  citizens,  and  owes  to  all  ages  and  both  sexes  proper 
immunity  from  indecent  exposures,  blasphemy,  and  impure  lan- 
guage, which  are  too  often  the  accompaniment  of  such  arrests. 
It  is  an  excellent  auxiliary  to  a  fire-alarm  system,  and  possesses 
the  additional  advantage  of  enabling  the  possessor  of  a  private 
box  to  call  the  fire  department  directly  to  his  door  without  leav- 
ing the  premises.  It  enables  the  force,  whatever  it  may  be,  to 
work  with  the  greatest  efficiency,  and  to  accomplish  infinitely 
more  in  the  preservation  of  peace  and  order  than  could  be  pos- 
sible without  this  valuable  aid. 

By  making  a  comparatively  small  force  extremely  efficient,  and 
therefore  a  large  force  unnecessary,  it  saves  a  large  annual  ex- 
penditure for  the  maintenance  of  the  department.  Its  introduc- 
tion is  in  the  line  of  real  economy.  By  promptly  furnishing  the 
means  of  dispersing  crowds,  checking  disturbances  or  riots,  ar- 
resting disorderly  persons,  it  decreases  the  chance  of  serious  out- 
breaks, which  often  end  in  murder,  robbery  or  arson. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  399 

It  enables  the  patrolman  to  remain  on  his  beat;  and  if  he  ar- 
rests a  party  or  wishes  assistance,  he  has  only  to  go  to  the  nearest 
box  and  make  his  wants  known  at  the  station,  and  in  a  short  time 
he  is  relieved  of  his  prisoner  and  assistance  is  at  hand.  An 
officer  making  an  arrest  under  the  old  system,  was  obliged  to  go 
to  the  station-house,  and  leave  his  route  entirely  unprotected  from 
one  to  three  hours,  a  fact  often  improved  by  thieves,  who  have  one 
of  their  number  arrested  for  a  trivial  matter  simply  to  get  the 
officer  off  his  beat. 

It  makes  every  key-holder,  to  a  considerable  extent,  a  police- 
man ;  for  he  carries  with  him  the  power  to  summon  the  police  to 
any  point  wherever  he  may  see  that  their  services  are  required. 

It  is  the  policeman's  best  friend ;  it  increases  his  power,  dig- 
nity, and  importance,  for  he  need  never  feel  that  he  is  alone,  or 
beyond  the  reach  of  support ;  and  to  a  very  great  degree  it  lessens 
the  chances  and  necessity  of  personal  encounters  with  the  roughs, 
who  frequently  combine  for  his  injury  or  to  divert  him  from  his 
duty. 

It  establishes  a  thorough  business-like  way  of  handling  a  police 
department — vigilance,  efficiency  and  discipline — and  securing  on 
the  part  of  all  the  protection  and  support  of  every  individual 
member  of  the  force. 

Electricity  is  the  one  thing  that  criminals  dread.  It  circumvents 
all  their  skill  and  cunning ;  and  this  application  of  it  is  certain  to 
prove  as  valuable  in  municipalities  as  it  has  heretofore  proved  in 
securing  arrests  at  distant  points. 

The  urgent  need  of  a  public  watchman  or  constable  at  any  par- 
ticular point  in  any  American  community  is  altogether  exceptional ; 
and  the  tendency  is  therefore  to  give  the  policeman  a  long  beat  to 
traverse,  and  the  chances  are  that  he  will  be  out  of  the  way  when 
an  accident  happens ;  and  evil-doers  will  take  advantage  of  his 
known  absence  to  disturb  the  peace  and  invade  the  proper  rights 
of  citizens. 

To  provide  against  such  exigencies  by  largely  increasing  the 
number  of  policemen  is  obviously  much  less  economical  than  to 
quicken  the  working  of  the  police  system  by  putting  every  patrol- 
man within  the  reach  of  instant  communication  with  the  sub- 
station to  which  he  is  attached,  and,  if  need  be,  with  headquar- 
ters, at  the  same  time  giving  every  orderly  citizen,  in  case  of  need 
the  means  of  calling  upon  the  same  authorities  with  least  delay. 


466  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

The  expense  of  fitting  up  a  district  station  with  the  system 
complete,  as  organized  in  Philadelphia,  is  estimated  as  follows : 
Telegraphic  and  telephonic  outfit,  including  batteries,  etc.,  at 
station-houses,  $250.00  ;  street  stations,  say  10  to  a  district  (each 
$200.00),  $2,000.00 ;  wagon,  complete  with,  stretcher,  etc., 
$350.00  ;  horses,  two  sufficient  for  ordinary  service  (each  $235.00), 
$470.00  harness,  blankets,  etc.,  for  same,  $200.00;  incidental  ex- 
penses, estimated,  $330.00  ;  total,  $3,600.00. 

Expenses  of  officers  required  at  each  wagon  station  in  addition 
to  the  ordinary  force  :  Two  signal  or  wagon-sergeants,  salary  and 
uniform  (each  $950.00),  $1,900.00;  two  drivers,  salary  and  uniform 
(each  $908.70),  $1,817.40  ;  two  officers  for  wagon  duty  alone  (each 
$908.70),  $1,817.40;  total  for  salaries,  $5,534.80. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


401 


CHAPTER   XVI. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

THIRD  AND  FOURTH  DISTRICTS.- -LIEUTENANT  ROCHE'S 
DARING. — SERGEANTS  MOORE,  McCLOSKEY,  CROMWELL, 
JONES  AND  HARING. — SPECIAL  ALEXANDER'S  6lO 
CAPTURES. — PATROL  SERGEANTS  HILLARY  AND  MIL- 
LINGTON. — RECORDS  OF  THE  PATROLMEN.— LIEUTEN- 
ANT SHIELDS  RIDS  THE  WORLD  OF  A  RUFFIAN.— SER- 
GEANTS SHOURDS,  HEWITT,  TAYLOR  AND  MARLOW.— 
RECORDS  OF  PATROLMEN. — SPECIAL  OFFICER  YARDNER. 

THE  THIRD  DISTRICT. 

DAVID  B.  ROCHE,  lieutenant  of  the  Third  District,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  in  1848,  and  served  in  the  army  as  a  drummer 
boy  during  the  late  war.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  lieutenant 
of  the  Third  District,  July  4,  1884.  He  and  Special  Officer 
Thomas  Alexander,  after  weeks  of  patient  investigation,  ar- 
rested, on  December  12,  1885,  Samuel,  alias  "Cuff,"  Johnson 
colored,  who  murdered  Sharpless,  the  head  of  the  well-known 
Pennsylvania  family  of  that  name  in  Delaware  County,  on  the 
night  of  Nov.  22,  1885,  and  of  which  Johnson  was  convicted  and 
sentenced  to  be  hanged.  During  the  burning  of  the  Temple 
Theatre,  December  27,  1886,  two  firemen  were  buried  beneath 
the  ruins.  Lieutenant  Roche  volunteered  to  enter  the  theatre 
and  endeavor  to  rescue  the  buried  firemen  with  a  squad  of 
picked  men.  He  was  prevented  from  taking  in  the  rescue  party, 
but  nevertheless  explored  the  ruins  alone  in  the  face  of  great 
danger. 

The  Third  District    Station-House  is  on  Union  Street   below 

Fourth.     It  was  built  in  1880,  and  cost  $18,000.     The  boundaries 

of   the    district   are    from  Chestnut   to    South    streets,  and   from 

Seventh  Street  to  the   Delaware    River,  and  within  its  limits  are 

26 


402  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

several  banks,  trust  and  deposit  companies,  the  general  offices  of 
the  Pennsylvania  and  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  railroads, 
the  Custom  House,  Independence  Hall,  Carpenter's  Hall,  the 
Corn  Exchange,  Commercial  Exchange,  the  courts  of  the  city  and 
county,  Dock  Street  Market  and  the  Fish  Market,  Fitzpatrick's 
Bonded  Warehouses,  St.  Peter's  Protestant  Episcopal,  St.  Mary's 
and  St.  Joseph's  Roman  Catholic  churches,  many  wholesale 
stores,  and  on  Dock  Street  below  Walnut  the  "  Blue  Anchor 
Tavern,"  which  is  one  of  the  oldest  buildings  now  standing  in 
Philadelphia,  having  been  built  of  bricks  imported  from  Holland 
in  1719. 

Sergeant  THOMAS  MOORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
June,  1833.  He  was  appointed  in  January,  i86i,by  Mayor  Henry. 
He  resigned  in  1869  and  was  reappointed  in  January,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley,  and  was  made  sergeant  of  the  district.  He  ar- 
rested William  A.  McGuire  for  the  murder  of  Maggie  Baer,  and 
Patrick  Quigley  for  the  murder  of  his  wife,  Catherine  Quigley  ; 
both  men  were  tried  and  convicted. 

Sergeant  HARRY  McCLOSKEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  August,  1849.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department  in 
October,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  as  patrolman  of  the  Third  Dis- 
trict and  was  transferred  to  the  Reserves  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and 
was  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the  Third  District  in  March,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith.  He  is  an  efficient  officer  and  has  made  a  number 
of  important  arrests  of  burglars,  pickpockets,  house-robbers  and 
highway  robbers. 

GEORGE  W.  CROMWELL,  house-sergeant,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  August,  1840.  He  served  a  year  in  the  Union 
Army  and  lost  his  left  arm.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry 
in  January,  1863,  and  has  served  continuously  since.  He  has 
arrested  a  number  of  well-known  burglars  in  his  time. 

GEORGE  W.  JONES,  house-sergeant,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  November,  1845.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  in  September, 
1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  B.  HARING,  house-sergeant,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia in  June,  1842.  He  was  appointed  in  January,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

Sergeant  GEORGE  HILLARY,  of  patrol  No.  i,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  in  June,  1837.  He  entered  the  department  under 
Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1872,  as  patrolman.  He  was  transferred 


DAVID  B.  ROCHE, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Third  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  4o5 

to  the  patrol  system  as  sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith,  when  the  new 
patrol  system  went  into  operation.  In  his  time  he  has  arrested 
John  Jackson,  Frank  Jackson,  George  Kehoe,  George  Davis, 
Charles  Waterford,  William  Jackson,  Isaac  Quinn  and  William 
Dixson,  Joseph  Dabney  and  Chargo  Frank,  all  burglars  of  some 
note ;  Black  Elwood  and  Frank  Brown,  for  highway  robbery,  and 
Frank  Attelf  for  robbery. 

Sergeant  ALFRED  MILLINGTON,  of  patrol  No.  i,  was  born  at 
Chelsea,  Mass.,  on  1851.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  in  De- 
cember, 1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  was  made  patrol  sergeant  by 
Mayor  Smith,  when  the  new  system  went  into  operation. 

JOHN  HAGERTY,  of  patrol  No.  i,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  June,  1844.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  May  27,  1877,  and  was  transferred  to  the  patrol 
service  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  arrested  Sallie  Washington  and 
William  Williams  for  assault  and  battery  with  intent  to  kill,  and 
William  Bates  for  picking  pockets. 

Special  Officer  THOMAS  ALEXANDER  was  born  in  Phila. 
delphia  on  December  i,  1844.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman 
on  March  6,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  On  March  i,  1875,  he  was 
promoted  to  special  officer  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  in  that 
capacity  he  has  made  six  hundred  and  ten  arrests  in  the  twelve 
years  of  service.  It  was  he  who,  in  company  with  Lieutenant 
Roche,  solved  the  mystery  in  connection  with  the  murder 
of  John  Sharpless,  near  Chester,  and  arrested  "  Cuff  "  Johnson. 
He  has  arrested  a  large  number  of  criminals,  big  and  little,  and  a 
partial  record  of  his  principal  arrests  embraces  every  class  of  crim- 
inals from  the  murderer  to  the  petty  thief.  Nearly  one  hundred 
criminals  of  note  have  passed  through  his  hands  to  the  cells  of  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary,  whose  sentences  aggregated  upwards  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  years.  In  arresting  Frank  Hielard  he  was 
stabbed  se.ven  times  with  a  butcher  knife. 

HARRY  C.  BOSTON,  of  patrol  No.  i,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
January  i,  1848.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
on  February  10,  1874,  as  patrolman  in  the  Seventh  District ;  was 
transferred  to  patrol  No.  i  by  Mayor  Smith  when  the  system  went 
into  operation. 

ALEXANDER  BOYDE,  driver  of  patrol  No.  i,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  January,  1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  August,  1884. 


406  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

ROBERT  BRACKEN,  of  patrol  No.  i,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  January,  1857.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor 
King  in  August,  1881. 

FREDERICK  BROWN  was  born  in  Germany  in  January, 
1836.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1872. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

ROGER  KENNY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  October,  1858. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  1885. 

WILLIAM  C.  PENNIMAN  was  born  in  Maine,  in  December, 
1845.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in 
August,  1879.  He  arrested  Charles  Volkes  for  attempt  to  commit 
murder. 

GEORGE  DEAN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  January,  1853.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  October,  1877. 
He  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests,  notably  John  Lewis, 
burglar,  Sadie  Trusty,  highway  robber,  and  Henry  Martin,  James 
Watson  and  James  Wilson  for  larceny. 

NICHOLAS  SCHAFFER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  Novem- 
ber, 1853.  He  entered  the  department  in  February,  1885,  under 
Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  A.  HURST  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  August, 
1842.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  May, 
1872  ;  after  serving  several  years,  resigned  and  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Smith  in  1884.  He  arrested  Frank  Jones,  pickpocket, 
Isaac  Thomas  and  Hugh  McDevitt  for  assault  and  battery. 

HENRY  HARVEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  January,  1857. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  January,  1885. 
He  arrested  Charles  Burke,  Charles  Minor  and  George  Roberts 
for  highway  robbery,  Frank  Brown  for  assault  and  battery  and 
Frank  Sutler  for  robbery. 

BOICEY  DILLON  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  June,  1855. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  June,  1884. 

WILLIAM  BURNS  was  born  in  Ireland  in  February,  1832. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  in  September,  1863,  and 
served  until  1869,  when  he  resigned.  He  re-entered  the  depart- 
ment under  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1872. 

MAURICE  MURPHY  was  born  in  Ireland  in  November, 
1849.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  King  in  Febru- 
ary, 1882. 

DANIEL  JONES  was  born   in   Philadelphia  in   August,  1851. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


407 


He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  November, 
1877.  He  arrested  a  number  of  criminals,  notably  William  Tolley 
and  Frank  Jones,  burglars,  Florence  Mahon  for  robbery,  David 
Mumford  for  highway  robbery  and  Thomas  Johnson  for  felonious 
assault. 

LEWIS  GOLDMAN  was  born  in  Ohio  in  June,  1858.  He 
entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Smith  in  December,  1885. 
Among  his  arrests  were  Henry  Martin  and  John  Lynch,  highway 
robbers. 

ALBERT  W.  CHANTRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  March, 
1846.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1872  ;  resigned  on  December  28,  1873,  and  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Smith  on  October  2,  1884. 

JAMES  MALATESTA  was  born  in  Italy  August  8,  1852.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  April,  1884. 

JAMES  B.  WALTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  28, 
1856.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June 
19,  1884. 

THOMAS  ASHMORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Novem- 
ber 8,  1835.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  in 
June,  1863,  and  served  until  Mayor  Fox's  inauguration,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  reappointed  in  1872  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
served  five  years  in  the  4th  U.  S  Cavalry. 

HENRY  C.  PATTERSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May 
24,  1847.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November  i, 
1872,  and  has  served  over  fourteen  years. 

JOSEPH  FOWLER  was  born  in  Greensborough,  Md.,  on 
.January  13,  1854.  He  entered  the  service  in  May,  1884,  under 
Mayor  Smith.  He  arrested  "  Oyster  Ike  "  for  assault  and  battery 
with  intent  to  kill. 

ANTOINE  CAPPELLI  was  born  in  Italy  in  August,  1838. 
He  entered  the  department  in  February,  1885,  under  Mayor 
Smith.  He  served  three  months  in  the  army. 

JOSEPH  GILLIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  May,  1827.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Conrad  in  January,  1856, 
serving  until  June  5,  1875,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  reap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  January  6,  1876. 

FREDERICK  MICKENS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  Decem, 
ber,  1854.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in 
May,  1884.  He  arrested  William  Harrison  for  highway  robbery. 


4o8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

GEORGE  W.  JEFFERIES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  Novem- 
ber, 1844.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  as  patrolman  in  Jan- 
uary, 1873.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army.  He  has  made  a 
number  of  important  arrests  for  different  crimes. 

WILLIAM  H.  LONG  was  born  in   Reading,  Pa.,  in  February, 

1851.  He  entered  the  police  department  in  February,  1879,  under 
Mayor  Stokley,  and  served  until  June  5,  1882,  when  he  resigned. 
He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  July  i,  1884.     He  ar- 
rested Henry  Wilson,  a   burglar,  and  George   Jones,  a   highway 
robber. 

ADOLPH  BRUNET  was  born  in  Cuba  in  March,  1853.  He 
was  appointed  on  the  force  in  October,  1884. 

ROBERT  CARD  WELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  February, 
1859.  He  entered  the  department  in  January,  1886. 

JOHN  B.  THORNTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  August, 
1850.  He  entered  the  department  in  1874,  under  Mayor  Stokley. 

ALFRED  ABADIE  was  born  in   Philadelphia  in  September, 

1852.  He  was  appointed  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
June,  1884. 

JOHN  FORESTAL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  August,  1848. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  June,  1877. 

HENRY  GAULER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  April,  1847. 
He  entered  the  police  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  Jan 
uary,  1872.  Among  his  important  arrests  were  Thomas  Johnson 
and  Eliza  Benson,  both  murderers,  and  John  Murphy,  George 
Elwood,  William  Moorer  Henry  Jackson,  Levi  Anderson  and 
Thomas  Johnson,  burglars. 

GEORGE  H.  HAZZARD  was  born  in  Millford,  Del.,  in  April, 

1853.  He  entered  the  department  in  December,  1884. 
WILLIAM    KEARNEY  was  born  in    Ireland  in  June,   1837. 

He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Henry  in  October,  1864. 
He  served  three  years  and  six  months  in  the  army. 

GEORGE  H.  KNIGHT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  January, 
1845.  He  entered  the  department  as  an  appointee  of  Mayor 
Stokley  in  January,  1872.  He  saw  two  years  and  a  half  of  ser- 
vice in  the  army. 

NATHAN  C.  JONES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  May,  1832. 
He  entered  the  department  in  November,  1853,  under  Mayor 
Gilpin,  and  is  consequently  one  of  the  oldest  policemen  in  the 
department.  He  served  four  years  in  the  army. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


409 


GEORGE  W.  CAB  SON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  January, 
1859.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  March, 
1886. 

JOHN  VOLTZ  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  October,  1834. 
He  entered  the  department  as  an  appointee  of  Mayor  Stokley  in 
April,  1877.  He  served  three  years  and  three  months  in  the 
army. 

JOSEPH  KELLEY  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  April,  1886.  He  was  born  in  the  United  States. 

WILLIAM  REEVES  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  November,  j886.  He  was  born  in  the  United  States. 

ROBERT  CARROLL  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1842.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  November,  1886. 
He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

JOHN  WRIGHT  was  born  in  the  United  States  in  February, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
March,  1886. 

WILLIAM  HUGHES  was  born  in  the  United  States  in  1859. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  Novem- 
ber, 1886. 

ROBERT  TAYLOR  was  born  in  the  United  States  in  1839. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  McMichael  in 
April,  1866.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

CHARLES  W.  FISHER  was  born  in  the  United  States  in 
1860.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department  in  August, 
1886. 

LAWRENCE  J.  CAREY  was  born  in  the  United  States  in 
1855.  He  served  three  years  and  two  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  August, 
1886. 

JOHN  MOODY  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  November  9,  1886. 

LOUIS  MANOUVER,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
October,  1815.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Gilpin 
in  1852. 

SUBSTITUTE   PATROLMEN. 

WILLIAM  S.  RUSSELL  was  born  in  the  United  States  in 
1843.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  as  sergeant.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  in  November,  1886. 


4IO  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

JOHN  McCONNELL  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
November  18,  1886.  He  was  born  in  the  United  States. 

SAMUEL  J.  MALONEY  was  appointed  in  December,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith.  He  was  born  in  the  United  States  in  1853. 

THE    FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

WILLIAM  H.  SHIELDS,  lieutenant  of  the  Fourth  District, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  January,  1847.  In  1863,  when  but 
sixteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-fourth  Regiment  of 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  subsequently  in  the  One  Hundred 
and  Ninety-eighth.  During  his  term  of  service  he  was  in  action 
several  times,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  received  an  honorable 
discharge.  On  March  27,  1875,  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  a 
patrolman  in  the  Fourth  District.  On  April  7,  1884,  Mayor  Smith 
promoted  him  to  the  lieutenancy  of  the  district,  which  position  he 
has  retained  since.  In  1877,  while  on  duty  at  the  North  Penn 
Railroad  Depot,  American  and  Berks  streets,  he  was  attacked  by 
the  railroad  rioters,  and  while  taking  a  prisoner  whom  he  had  ar- 
rested to  the  station-house  was  severely  injured.  One  night  in  the 
summer  of  1881,  while  patrolling  his  beat,  he  was  set  upon  by  a 
gang  of  roughs  near  Second  and  Arch  streets.  The  gang\vas  led 
by  a  notorious  criminal,  Frank  Burke.  He  threw  a  paving-stone 
at  the  officer,  which  the  latter  dodged,  and  when  about  to  hurl  an- 
other Shields  drew  his  revolver  and  shot  the  ruffian  dead.  Al- 
though his  district  is  one  of  the  richest  in  the  city,  extending  as 
it  does  from  the  Delaware  River  to  Franklin  Street,  and  from  the 
north  side  of  Chestnut  to  the  south  side  of  Vine,  there  have  been 
very  few  crimes  committed  in  its  bounds  since  he  became  lieuten- 
ant. It  is  estimated  that  the  merchandise  alone  in  his  district  ex- 
ceeds one  hundred  millions  of  dollars  in  value.  The  great  whole- 
sale and  manufacturing  houses  centre  in  the  Fourth  District. 
Among  them  is  the  representative  firm  of  James  S.  Mason  Co.,  at 
Nos.  134  to  140  North  Front  Street.  A  majority  of  the  banks  and 
nearly  all  the  great  saving  and  deposit  companies,  whose  magnifi- 
cent and  costly  buildings  are  the  pride  of  the  city,  are  guarded  by 
his  men.  The  Fourth  District  Station-House  is  situated  at  Nos. 
219  and  221  North  Fifth  Street,  and  is  one  of  the  most  commodi- 
ous and  comfortably  furnished  houses  in  the  city.  It  was  built  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  1871  and  cost  $26,500.  It  is  the  equipping  sta- 


WILLIAM  H.  SHIELDS, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Fourth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 

tion  for  the  police  department,  and  John  Shedden,  chief  of  that 
bureau,  has  comfortable  quarters  in  the  second  story. 

A  number  of  fires  of  importance  have  occurred  in  the  Fourth 
District  since  Lieutenant  Shields'  appointment.  On  February  19, 

1885,  a  fire  broke  out  in  a  wool  house  on  the  north  side  of  Chest- 
nut Street,  below  Second.     It  gained   such   rapid  headway  that 
although  four  alarms  were  sent  in,  several  large  buildings,  used 
as  wholesale   stores,  were  entirely  destroyed,  together  with  their 
contents,  entailing  a  loss  of  $250,000  and  the  sacrifice  of  two  lives. 
Two  nights  later,  on  February  21,  a  fire  at  504  and  506  Market 
Street  destroyed  property  to  the  amount  of  $100,000.     On  May 
28,  of  the  same  year,  an  explosion  of  benzine  in  Vehemeyer's  furni- 
ture factory,  south-west  corner  of  Second  and  Market  streets,  blew 
out  the  wall  of  the  building,  instantly  killing  a  woman  who  was 
passing,  and  injuring  two  other  persons.     Before  the  flames  were 
extinguished  a  damage  of   $60,000  was  done.     On   January  20, 

1886,  fire  broke  out  in  an  oil  house,  No.   115   Arch   Street.     The 
weather  being  very  cold  the  firemen  worked  under  great  disadvan- 
tage, and  before  the  flames  were  subdued  the  loss  of  half  a  million 
dollars  was  sustained,  and  a  negro  porter,  who  bravely  entered  the 
building   to  save  his   employer's   property,  was  burnt   to   death. 
Lieutenant  Shields  has  the  fullest  confidence  of  the  bankers  and 
other  business  men  whose  property  he  guards,  and  is  a  general 
favorite  with  the  men  under  him. 

Sergeant  BENJAMIN  SHOURDS  is  one  of  the  oldest  officers 
on  the  force,  being  seventy-four  years  of  age.  He  is  a  native  of 
Philadelphia  and  has  been  connected  with  the  police  department 
for  thirty-four  years,  having  served  as  an  officer  under  Marshal 
Keyser  before  the  consolidation  of  the  city.  He  was  made 
a  sergeant  in  1871,  and  he  has  served  in  the  Fourth  District 
ever  since. 

Sergeant  RICHARD  B.  HEWITT  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
thirty  three  years  ago,  and  was  appointed  a  patrolman  in  the 
Seventh  District  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1876.  He  was  promoted 
to  sergeant  in  1879,  and  in  1882  was  transferred  to  the  Fourth  Dis- 
trict by  Mayor  King. 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1845.  He  enlisted  in  the  Seventy  seventh  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  December  8,  1861,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 


4i4  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Chickamauga    September   19,    1863.       He    was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  January  i,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

House-Sergeant  ALFRED  T.  MARLOW  was  born  in  Maryland 
in  1851,  and  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1876,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

EDWARD  P.  WHEELER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Jan- 
uary 23,  1844.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
on  January  i,  1872;  resigned  February  9,  1884,  and  was  reap- 
pointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  i,  1884.  He  was  in  the  United 
States  service  from  April  25,  1861,  to  July  29,  1868,  and  was 
wounded  three  times. 

FRANK  C.  WOLFINGER  was  born  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  on 
May  4,  1845.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  in 
June,  1872  ;  resigned  in  1880  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  February,  1885.  He  served  in  the  army  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenant. 

JACOB  OECHSLIN  was  born  in  Switzerland  on  April  12, 
1842.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  I, 
1872  ;  resigned  in  1875  and  was  reappointed  in  March,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

JAMES.  W.  LEWIS  was  born  in  Paulsboro,  N.  J.,  on  Decem- 
ber 4,  1830.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
October  15,  1879.  He  was  dismissed  on  June  29,  1883,  by  Mayor 
King  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  30,  1885. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  United  States  service. 

THOMAS  GREER  was  born  on  March  14,  1857.  He  was  ap- 
pointed patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  February,  1878,  and  re- 
signed January,  1879.  Mayor  Smith  recalled  him  to  the  depart- 
ment in  May,  1884. 

WILLIAM  P.  KENNEDY  was  born  in  Allegheny  City,  Pa., 
February  21,  1833.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  January  15,  1878. 

ROBERT  BURNS  was  born  in  Ireland  June  15,  1853.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  29,  1886. 

JOHN  REDDING  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December  23, 
1858.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  King  on  March 
u,  1882. 

MICHAEL  McGUIRE  was  born  in  Ireland  on  September  15, 
1833.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  on  October  20,  1868.  He 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


415 


resigned   on   October   15,   1871,   and  was   reappointed  by   Mayor 
Stokley  in  July,  1877. 

JOHN  J.  CONEYS  was  born  in  St.  John,  N.  B.,  on  November 
27,  1846.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  June  5,  1884. 
He  served  two  years  in  the  United  States  Navy. 

WILLIAM  NAGEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  29, 
1837.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  Sep- 
tember 15,  1875. 

JOHN  MUEGGE  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  on  May  24, 
1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  24,  1884.  He 
served  in  the  United  States  Army. 

CHARLES  E.  STEVENSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
October  9,  1846.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stok- 
ley in  1876,  was  discharged  in  1880  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  1884. 

EDWARD  A.  FOW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December  4, 
1843.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  King  on  October 
ii,  1883. 

EDWARD  McNAULTY,was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  3, 
1863.     He  was  appointed  on  April  23,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HARRY  A.  BEAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  27,  1860. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  May  24,  1884. 

FRANK  BAUMGRATZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  De- 
cember 21,  1858.  Mayor  Smith  made  him  a  patrolman  on  June 
15,  1884. 

HENRY  HENKLE  was  born  in  Germany  on  December  23, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  23,  1875  ; 
was  discharged  on  June  26,  1881,  and  was  reappointed  on  May  i, 
1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  RUSSEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December  8, 
1860.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June  15, 
1884. 

GEORGE  GOSS  was  born  in  Camden,  N.  J.,  on  April  n,  1856. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  May  24,  1884. 

THOMAS  F.  NILAN  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  on  May  3, 
1856.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  Febru- 
ary 1 6,  1885. 

PETER  J.  SYNAN  was  born  cm  March  28,  1851,  in  Liver 
pool.  England.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  on  April  28,  1884. 

HARRY  VAN   METER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  2, 


416  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1856.      He  entered  the   department  on  October  7,  1886,   under 
Mayor  Smith. 

THOMAS  CECIL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  5, 
1851.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  Sep- 
tember 15,  1875. 

JACOB  NESPER  was  born  in  Germany  on  March  3,  1831. 
He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Fox  May  15,  1869  ;  was 
dismissed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and  was  reap- 
pointed  August  3,  1883,  by  Mayor  King. 

FREDERICK  NOLLINGER  was  born  in  Germany  on  Octo- 
ber 18,  1848.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
on  April  26,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  LISTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Septem- 
ber 28,  1837.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  in  March, 
1864;  resigned  January,  1868,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  in  February,  1872. 

HOWARD  P.  FROWERT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Jan- 
uary 19,  1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Septem- 
ber 8,  1879  ;  was  dismissed  in  February,  1884,  by  Mayor  King, 
and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April  25  of  the  same 
year ;  was  again  dismissed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  August,  1884,  and 
was  reinstated  on  March  4,  1886. 

THOMAS  CROPPER  was  born  in  London,  England,  on  Jan- 
uary 16,  1834.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
in  September,  1872  ;  was  dismissed  in  August,  1876  ;  reappointed 
in  June,  1877  ;  again  dismissed  in  November,  1883,  and  reap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Smith  in  March,  1884. 

H.  C.  NOBLIT  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  on  Septem- 
ber 24,  1844.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Mc- 
Michael  on  June  20,  1867  ;  resigned  June  27,  1870,  and  reap- 
pointed January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  C.  TURNER  was  born  in  Rahway,  N.  J.,  on  April 
29,  1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  4, 
1874.  He  arrested  William  Fields,  a  negro,  at  Third  and  Chest- 
nut streets,  and  on  the  way  to  the  station-house  the  prisoner 
turned  on  the  officer  and  shot  him  through  the  hand. 

AUGUST  SPEISKEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  25, 
1846.  He  was  appointed  on  April  20,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
He  served  two  years  and  eight  months  in  the  army. 

THOMAS  W.  GARDNER,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Phila- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  417 

delphia  on  March  8,  1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Mc- 
Michael  on  October  10,  1866  ;  was  dismissed  by  Mayor  Fox, 
June  28,  1868  ;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i, 
1872,  as  a  reserve;  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the  Twenty- 
fifth  District  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  September  12,  1884;  was 
removed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  i,  1886,  and  was  appointed 
as  special  officer  of  the  Fourth  District  on  April  i,  1886. 

HERMAN  THAU  was  born  in  New  Jersey  on  April  17,  1849. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  19,  1876. 

CHARLES  A.  ALLBRIGHT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
May  25,  1834.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Mc- 
Michael  on  May  i,  1866;  was  dismissed  by  Mayor  Fox  January 
n,  1869,  and  reappointed  November  22,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
He  served  one  year  in  the  army. 

JOHN  R.  BARNARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  14, 
1853.  He  became  a  patrolman  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  22, 
1878;  was  removed  on  January  21,  1879,  an<^  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  July  2,  1879. 

HARRY  D.  SHOURDS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August 
20,  1856.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
February  10,  1877. 

CHARLES  H.  VAUGHN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January 
25,  1841.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May 
17,  1884. 

GEORGE  GREER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  3, 
1862.  He  became  a  patrolman  under  Mayor  Smith  on  April  14, 
1885. 

GEORGE  E.  KELLY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December 
9,  1853.  He  became  a  patrolman  under  Mayor  King  in  February, 
1882. 

MICHAEL  CRONIN  was  born  in  Ireland  on  September  29, 

1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  January  4,  1883. 
JEREMIAH  BURK  was  born   May  9,  1850.     He  entered  the 

department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1879. 

EDWARD  STAFFORD  was  born  in  Ireland  on  November  5, 
1838.  He  was  appointed  February  5,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He 
served  in  the  army  for  five  years. 

JOSEPH  STOREY  was  born   in   Philadelphia  on  January  20, 

1845.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January 
27 


4I8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

i,  1872  ;  dismissed  October  n,  1883,  by  Mayor  King  and  reap- 
pointed  by  Mayor  Smith,  1884. 

EDWARD  J.  DAWSON  was  born  in  Melbourne,  Australia, 
February  27,  1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April 
6,  1886.  He  served  in  the  United  States  Navy. 

JOHN  W.  ALEXANDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 
ii,  1854.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
November  5,  1878.  He  arrested  "  English  Bill/'  a  watch  thief, 
whose  right  name  is  George  Wittig. 

WILBUR  WARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  16, 
1861.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  August  16,  1884. 

CHARLES  DECKER  was  born  on  March  4,  1838,  in  Orange 
Co.,  New  York.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  October  24,  1884.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

DANIEL  J.  MAcNEIL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  5, 
1843.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  January 
25,  1878.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

JOHN  W.  GREENWOOD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August 
31,  1852.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
on  November  12,  1876  ;  resigned  under  Mayor  Smith,  and  was 
reappointed  by  him  October  6,  1886. 

VALENTINE  RUNTNAGLE,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Germany 
on  December  12,  1827.  He  was  appointed  turnkey  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  May  6,  1884. 

SUBSTITUTE    PATROLMEN. 

CHRISTIAN  EBERLE  was  born  in  Germany  on  October  13, 
1839.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  8,  1886. 

FRANK  J.  HUGHES  was  born  April  29,  1854.  He  was  ap- 
pointed on  July  10,  1883,  by  Mayor  King;  resigned  January  27, 
1886;  reappointed  November  27,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HARRY  F.  MILLET  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January 
25,  1858.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  October  30, 
1886. 

ALFRED  WHEELER  was  born  at  Newberryport,  Mass.,  on 
November  24,  1843.  He  enlisted  in  the  igth  Regiment  Massachu- 
setts Volunteers  in  1861,  and  served  three  years.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  14, 
1886. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  4!9 

JOHN  J.  LOWRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  25, 
1863.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  14,  1886. 

JOHN  HARTLEY  was  born  at  Bristol,  England,  on  October 
12,  1847.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  January  10,  1887. 

WILLIAM  H.  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Kent  County,  Delaware, 
on  March  31,  1840.  He  enlisted  on  Mays,  1861,  in  the  26th  Reg- 
iment Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  on  October  5,  1862,  was 
transferred  to  the  ist  Regiment  U.  S.  Artillery.  He  was  discharged 
on  May  5,  1864.  Mayor  Henry  appointed  him  to  the  police  force 
on  April  i,  1865,  and  he  served  until  July  i,  1869.  He  was  re- 
appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872,  and  served  contin- 
uously until  October  9,  1886.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  a  sub- 
stitute patrolman  on  January  15,  1887. 


420  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER   XVII. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

FIFTH  AND  SIXTH  POLICE  AND  FIFTH  PATROL  DISTRICTS. 
— LIEUTENANT  USILTON'S  DUTIES. — SERGEANTS  KING, 
MATTHEWS,  IRWIN,  FRANK  M.  AND  GEORGE  B.  EVANS. 
—RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — THE  PATROL  WAGON'S 
10,000  MILES  OF  TRAVEL. — SERGEANTS  CROOKS  AND 
WOODS. — LIEUTENANT  WALTON'S  LONG  SERVICE.  - 
SERGEANTS  EAGAN,  FORD  AND  BABE. — SPECIAL  OFFI- 
CERS MYERS  AND  LENOIR.— RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

THE   FIFTH   DISTRICT. 

EDWIN  L.  USILTON,  lieutenant  of  the  Fifth  District,  was 
born  in  Kent  County,  Maryland,  June  2,  1837.  He  was  appointed 
a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872,  and  resigned  May 
i,  1879.  On  April  i,  1884,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant  of  the 
Fifth  District  by  Mayor  Smith.  The  Fifth  District  Station-House 
is  at  Fifteenth  and  Locust  streets,  and  was  erected  during  Mayor 
Fox's  administration,  under  the  supervision  of  General  St.  Clair 
Mulholland,  his  chief  of  police.  It  was  the  first  improved  station- 
house  built  in  the  city.  The  Fifth  District  extends  from  the  west 
side  of  Seventh  Street  to  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  from  the  south 
side  of  Chestnut  Street  to  the  north  side  of  Spruce  Street.  Six 
places  of  amusement  and  five  of  the  largest  hotels  in  the  city  are 
in  his  district,  as  well  as  the  new  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
Depot. 

Sergeant  JOHN  KING  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October 
10,  1843.  He  was  appointed  to  a  place  on  the  force  as  a  Reserve 
by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1872.  He  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  sergeant  of  the  Fifth  District  by  Mayor  Smith  in  June, 
1884.  He  served  in  the  army. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  T.  MATTHEWS  was  born  in  Philadelphia 


EDWIN  L.  USILTON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Fifth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


423 


on  October  2,  1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Sep- 
tember 2,  1880,  as  patrolman  of  the  Nineteenth  District.  He  was. 
promoted  to  the  position  of  the  sergeant  of  Fifth  District  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  1884. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  H.  IRWIN  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  February  16,  1848.  Mayor  Fox  appointed  him  in  De- 
cember, 1871,  and  he  has  served  continuously  since.  He  is  a 
veteran  of  the  late  war. 

House-Sergeant  FRANK  M.  EVANS  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  August  17,  1851.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  in  January, 
1874. 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  B.  EVANS  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania on  April  30,  1845.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  in  April, 
1877.  He  served  in  the  army. 

JOHN  MURRAY,  special  officer,  was  born  August  26,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  King  on  October  16,  1882, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  Fifth  District  as  special  officer  in  1886 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  BOON  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  August  9,  1849. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley,  July  18,  1874. 
He  served  in  the  army. 

SAMUEL  C.  STUART  was  born  in  Ireland  on  July  i,  1831. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  on  June  17,  1858. 
He  served  in  the  army. 

JAMES  W.  DILLARD  was  born  in  Virginia  on  October  12, 
1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  May  28,  1883. 

JOSEPH  W.  BROWN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  15, 
1846.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  on  April  4,  1875.  He  is  a 
veteran  of  the  war. 

ROBERT  GILMORE  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1858.  He  en- 
tered the  department  as  an  appointee  of  Mayor  Smith  on  May  18, 
1884. 

JOSEPH  L.  KRINKS  was  born  in  Connecticut,  August  8, 
1853.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  on  January  19,  1886. 

THOMAS  MILLIGAN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1841.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  December,  1880 ;  resigned 
under  Mayor  King  and  was  reappointed  in  May,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith.  He  served  in  the  army. 

JOHN  UPRICHARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1858. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith,  in  May,  1886. 


424  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

J.  C.  MANSFIELD  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  February  22, 
1848.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley,  Febru- 
ary 8,  1880.  He  served  in  the  army. 

JAMES  CARROLL  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1839.  He  first 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  18, 
1880,  and  served  until  April  7,  1884.  Mayor  Smith  reappointed 
him  on  April  7,  1886. 

DAVID  M.  BLIZZARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Sep- 
tember 8,  1842.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  McMichael  in 
1866,  and  served  until  1869.  Mayor  Stokley  reappointed  him  on 
January  i,  1862.  He  served  in  the  army. 

THOMAS  McCRAN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1855.  Mayor 
Smith  placed  him  in  the  department  on  April  7,  1886. 

DENNIS  FLYNN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  21,  1856. 
Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  a  patrolman  on  May  27,  1885. 

JOHN  RAIDEN  was  born  in  Connecticut  on  August  10, 
1845.  He  became  connected  with  the  department  under  Mayor 
Smith  on  December  22,  1884. 

THOMAS  MEHAFFY  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1849.  He  was 
appointed  on  May  8,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

THOMAS  W.  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  February, 
1843.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  on  December  4,  1880.  He 
served  in  the  army. 

GEORGE  FULTON  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1840.  Mayor 
Smith  appointed  him  on  June  4,  1884. 

CHARLES  PLEASANTS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July 
9,  1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  March  27, 
1886. 

PETER  ANDERSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 
30,  1847.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on 
March  30,  1886.  He  served  during  the  war  in  both  army  and 
navy. 

NOAH  COLEMAN  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1834.  He  was 
appointed  as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1872,  and 
has  served  continuously  since  that  time. 

GEORGE  W.  CHATHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1836. 
He  has  been  in  the  department  continuously  since  his  appoint- 
ment by  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  14,  1876.  He  served  in  the 
United  States  Army. 

JOSEPH    ROBINSON    was   born    in    Philadelphia    in    1850. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.         ,  425 

Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  March  27,  1886.  He  served  in  the 
navy. 

PETER  L.  FITES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1842.  He 
served  in  the  department  under  Mayor  McMichael  from  1860  to 
1862,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  June  3,  1884. 

JACOB  MORGAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1852.  He  en- 
tered the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  January  22,  1886. 

BENJAMIN  HEMPHILL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March 
29,  1855.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  patrolman  on  April  22, 
1874. 

WILLIAM  K.  COLBURN  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1836. 
He  was  appointed  in  June,  1866,  by  Mayor  McMichael.  He 
served  in  the  army. 

ARTHUR  STETTEN  was  born  in  Germany  on  April  12, 
1840.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  on  October  21,  1874. 

B.  FRANK  POTTS   was   born  in    Philadelphia     August    27, 
1850.     Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  in  April,  1886. 

C.  V.  TOLSON  was  born  in  Maryland,  January  12,   1849.     He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  November  i,  1886. 

CORNELIUS  GALLAGHER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  No- 
vember 7,  1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  as  driver  of 
patrol  No.  5,  January  i,  1886,  and  was  made  street  patrolman 
October  12,  1886. 

THOMAS  SHERIDAN  was  born  in  Ireland  in  August,  1856. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  Septe'mber  16,  1886. 

JOHN  F.  CROSSIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  18,  1862. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  September  27,  1886. 

JAMES  GIBSON  was  born  in  Ireland  August  12,  1846.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December  8,  1886. 

WILLIAM  W.  HAGGERTY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March 
25,  1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December  8, 
1886. 

CORNELIUS  A.  THOMAS,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
March  20,  1859.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  15, 
1884. 

THE    FIFTH    PATROL   DISTRICT. 

The  Fifth  Patrol  District  was  organized  January  i,  1886,  but 
horses  were  not  provided  until  the  first  of  April.  From  that  time 
until  Jan.  i,  1887,  the  two  squads  responded  to  3648  alarms,  and 


426  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

made  3822  arrests.  To  do  this  they  travelled  9397  miles.  The 
patrol  house  is  at  Juniper  and  Sansom  streets.  The  district  com- 
prises the  Fifth  and  Nineteenth  Police  districts,  and  extends  from 
Seventh  Street  to  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  from  Chestnut  to  South 
streets. 

ALEXANDER  CROOKS,  sergeant  of  squad  No.  i,  of  the  Fifth 
Patrol  District,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1849.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  his  present  position  Jan.  i,  1886. 

JOHN  WOODS,  sergeant  of  squad  No.  2,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1851.  He  was  appointed  to  the  patrol  service  Jan.  i, 
1886. 

HENRY  WALLRATH,  driver  for  squad  No.  i,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  April  23,  1852,  and  was  appointed  January  i,  1886. 

GEORGE  FOREMAN,  driver  for  squad  No.  2,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1843,  and  was  appointed  October  12,  1886. 
Driver  Foreman  served  with  distinction  during  the  war  in  the  vol- 
unteer service,  and  was  afterwards  for  five  years  in  the  First  Reg- 
ular Cavalry. 

JOSEPH  S.  KELLEY,  patrolman  in  squad  No.  i,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  January  10,  1849.  He  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred 
and  Eighty-third  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  September, 
1863,  ar>d  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Mayor  Smith  ap- 
pointed him  special  officer  of  the  Nineteenth  District,  April  i; 
1886.  He  was  transferred  to  the  patrol  service  November  i, 
1886. 

ALFRED  FILI,  patrolman  in  squad  No.  2,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  was  appointed  to  the  service  Jan.  i,  1886. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

JOHN  A.  GOLDIE  was  born  in  Scotland  September  29,  1860. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December  16,  1886. 

JOSEPH  GALLAGHER  was  born  in  Ireland  in  the  year  1849. 
He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  on  January  8,  1887,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  HENSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  17 
1859.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  January  15,  1887. 

JOHN  O'BOYLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia    June    12,    1856. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


427 


He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  Jan- 
uary 15,  1887. 

ALEXANDER  McNULTY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1851. 
He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1887. 

THE   SIXTH    DISTRICT. 

Lieutenant  ENOCH  E.  WALTON  is  in  charge  of  the  Sixth  Dis- 
trict. He  was  born  in  New  York  City  on  September  15,  1840, 
and  came  to  Philadelphia  when  about  sixteen  years  of  age.  He 
served  a  year  in  the  United  States  Navy  before  his  appointment 
on  the  city  police  force.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  on 
June  i,  1865,  as  patrolman,  attached  to  what  was  at  that  time  the 
Eleventh  District,  which  covered  the  north  eastern  section  of  the 
city.  He  continued  in  that  position  during  the  remainder  of 
Mayor  Henry's  term  and  through  the  entire  term  of  Mayor 
McMichael.  The  politics  of  the  administration  having  been 
changed  by  the  election  of  Daniel  M.  Fox  as  Mayor,  Patrolman 
Walton  resigned  from  the  force  and  went  to  work  in  the  old  Navy 
Yard,  in  the  painting  department.  When  Mayor  Stokley  was 
elected,  he  appointed  Mr.  Walton  on  the  Reserve  squad,  and  in 
that  capacity  he  served  twelve  years,  having  been  variously  located 
at  Fifth  and  Chestnut,  Second  and  Chestnut  and  Thirteenth  and 
Chestnut.  On  April  14,  1884,  Mayor  Smith  made  him  lieutenant 
of  the  Sixth  District,  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  department. 

The  Sixth  District  extends  from  and  includes  the  north  side  of 
Chestnut  to  the  south  side  of  Vine,  and  from  the  west  side  of 
Seventh  to  the  east  side  of  Broad.  The  station-house  is  located 
on  Eleventh  Street  below  Vine,  and  it  is  manned  by  forty-two 
officers,  patrolmen  and  "  subs."  The  district  includes  large 
business-  interests.  In  its  south-western  corner,  at  Juniper 
and  Chestnut  streets,  is  the  United  States  Mint.  Right  below 
is  John  Wanamaker's  Grand  Depot.  Other  large  business  houses 
under  the  care  of  Lieutenant  Walton  and  his  men  are  Strawbridge 
&  Clothier's  ;  Hood,  Bonbright  &  Co.'s  immense  new  building  at 
Eleventh  and  Market  streets ;  Joel  J.  Bailey's  ;  Lippincott's  pub- 
lishing house  ;  Granville  B.  Haines  &  Co.  (late  Cooper  &  Conard's 
dry -goods  house),  and  Sharpless'  large  dry-goods  store.  Besides 
these  and  hundreds  of  other  big  stores  there  are  the  Post-Office  and 
tight  places  of  amusement, — the  Chestnut  Street  Theatre,  the 


428  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Chestnut  Street  Opera  House,  the  Eleventh  Street  Opera  House, 
the  Arch  Street  Opera  House,  Forepaugh's  Theatre,  the  Club  The- 
atre and  the  Dime  Museum.  The  Girard  and  Bingham  houses  are 
the  only  hotels  of  any  note  in  the  district.  The  district  officers 
have  also  five  newspaper  offices  to  look  after.  They  are  The 
Record,  The  Daily  News,  The  North  American,  The  Eveniug  Call, 
The  Star,  and  The  Item.  As  well  as  having  to  protect  these  im- 
mense business  interests  Lieutenant  Walton  has  to  look  after  the 
vicious  element  drawn  to  the  north-eastern  section  of  his  district 
by  the  number  of  concert  dives,  saloons,  and  other  disreputable 
resorts  which  are  thickly  scattered  within  the  blocks  bounded  by 
Arch  and  Vine  streets  and  Eleventh  and  Seventh  streets.  He  has 
broken  up  several  dangerous  thieves'  gangs,  notably  the  one  that  a 
few  years  ago  made  Joe  Burns'  saloon,  at  No.  804  Rose  Street,  a 
rendezvous,  and  although  unable  to  close  up  the  Concert  saloons 
he  has  them  so  under  surveillance  that  nothing  can  be  done  in 
them  which  is  not  permissible  under  their  license. 

Lieutenant  Walton  has  figured  as  principal  and  assistant  in  many 
important  arrests.  A  few  years  after  his  first  appointment  on  the 
force  as  a  patrolman  he  caught  two  horse  thieves,  named  John 
Skillman  and  George  Headley,  as  they  were  driving  into  the  city 
with  a  pair  of  horses  they  had  stolen  from  a  farmer  named  Hick- 
man  near  Doylestown,  Bucks  County.  He  had  the  men  convicted, 
and  they  both  served  five  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

When  he  was  on  the  Reserve  force  he  was,  a  portion  of  his  term, 
stationed  at  Second  and  Chestnut.  While  standing  at  his  post 
one  day  his  attention  was  attracted  by  a  cry  of  "  murder,"  coming 
from  the  gold-refining  room  of  an  old  man  named  Lees,  who  oc- 
cupied the  second  floor  of  a  building  a  few  steps  from  the  corner. 
Hastening  to  the  place  he  met  John  Blake,  a  well-known  criminal, 
coming  out.  He  arrested  Blake  and  took  him  up  to  Mr.  Lees' 
room,  where  the  old  gentleman  stated  that  Blake  had  struck  him 
on  the  head  with  something  and  knocked  him  down  and  had  then 
grabbed  a  handful  of  old  jewellery.  The  prisoner  was  searched 
and  the  stuff  was  found  in  his  pockets.  Blake  was  imprisoned  for 
eight  years. 

It  was  in  Lieutenant  Walton's  district  that  Annie  Cutler,  the  ne 
gress,  shot  and  killed  her  former  lover,  William  Knight,  on  Wed- 
nesday evening,  April  22,  1885.  Annie  Cutler  was  employed  in 
Joseph  Mettler's  saloon,  and  Knight,  who  was  a  waiter  in  a  private 


ENOCH  E.  WALTON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Sixth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


43 * 


family,  had  been  paying  her  attentions,  and  according  to  her  state- 
ment, had  ruined  her  under  a  promise  of  marriage.  Tiring  of  her 
he  abandoned  her  and  transferred  his  attentions  to  and  married 
another  woman.  She  was  maddened  by  his  neglect  and  deter- 
mined to  kill  him.  Going  in  search  of  him  on  the  evening  of  the 
murder  she  found  him  on  Arch  Street  above  Eleventh. 

Upon  coming  close  to  him  she  fired  two  shots  from  a  revolver 
into  his  back.  The  man  fell  dying  at  her  feet,  and  he  expired  in 
the  hospital  half  an  hour  after  he  was  shot. 

When  she  was  seized  by  passers-by  she  struggled  to  get  loose, 
crying,  "  For  Heaven's  sake  let  me  give  him  the  balance  of  it." 
She  was  tried  and  convicted  of  murder  in  the  first  degree  and  sen- 
tenced to  be  hanged.  The  public  took  great  interest  in  her  case, 
and  a  petition  for  a  commutation  of  the  death-sentence  to  impris- 
onment for  life  was  numerously  signed  and  sent  to  Governor 
Pattison,  and  the  resu'lt  was  that  the  death  penalty  was  commuted 
and  she  is  now  serving  a  seven-year  sentence. 

Lieutenant  Walton  is  a  strict  disciplinarian,  and  requires  his 
men  to  pay  the  same  strict  attention  to  their  duties  as  he  himself 
gives.  His  force  is  therefore  one  of  the  best  ordered  and  organ- 
ized in  the  city. 

Sergeant  ANDREW  EAGAN  of  the  Sixth  District  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  forty-eight  years  ago.  He  was  appointed  patrolman 
on  August  10,  1865,  by  Mayor  Henry  and  was  in  continuous  ser- 
vice until  he  resigned,  at  the  expiration  of  Mayor  McMichael's 
term,  on  December  31,.  1868.  He  returned  to  service  in  the  de- 
partment, when  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  on  January 
i,  1872.  On  January  i,  1873,  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of 
sergeant  and  has  worn  the  sergeant's  stripes  ever  since.  Sergeant 
Eagan  is  also  entitled  to  wear  the  red  stripe,  denoting  service  in 
the  United  States  Army.  He  earned  this  privilege  by  one  year's 
service  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

Sergeant  SAMUEL  G.  FORD  is  a  Philadelphian  by  birth.  He 
was  but  twenty-six  years  old  when  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  to 
the  force  on  May  i,  1884.  During  his  short  service  he  has  made 
for  himself  a  record  as  a  good  officer. 

House- Sergeant  WILLIAM  BABE,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, December  9,  1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley 
in  July.  1875,  and  was  promoted  to  house-sergeant  in  April,  1879  ; 
removed  December  31,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith,  and  reappointed  in 


432  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

March,  1886,  as  a  sub-officer.  He  was  made  a  regular  on  Septem- 
ber n,  1886,  and  assigned  to  duty  as  sub-house-sergeant  of  the 
Twenty-third  District.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Sixth  District 
on  January  4,  1887.  On  November  28,  1879,  he  arrested  John 
Moothart,  a  notorious  horse  thief. 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  JAHRAUS  was  born  in  1842.  He 
was  appointed  a  telegraph  operator  by  Superintendent  Philips  in 
1865,  and  served  until  1875.  He  was  a  U.  S.  Deputy  Marshal  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  from  1880  until  1884.  He  was  appointed  house- 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  on  September  6,  1886. 

HARRY  E.  RULON,  who  is  connected  with  the  Mayor's  office, 
is  carried  on  the  rolls  of  the  Sixth  Police  District.  He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  on  February  25,  1837.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in.  Co.  B,  igth  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  on  April  27,  1861,  and  re-enlisted  in  the  ii4th  Regi- 
ment on  August  7,  1862,  as  first  sergeant.  He  was  promoted  to 
second  lieutenant  December  13,  1862,  for  meritorious  conduct  at 
Fredericksburg,  Va.  On  May  3,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville,  he  was 
made  first  lieutenant,  and  at  Gettysburg,  on  July  2,  1863,  the 
rank  of  captain  was  conferred  on  him.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Shirfy  House,  Gettysburg,  on  the  date  of  his  promotion,  and  was 
confined  in  Libby  Prison  for  nearly  ten  months.  He  rejoined  his 
regiment  at  Spottsylvania  on  May  27,  1864,  and  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  assistant  provost  marshal  on  the  staff  of  General  Patrick, 
Provost  Marshal  General,  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  participated 
in  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  and  was  present  at  the  battles  of 
Fort  Sedgwick,  Weldon  R.  R.,  the  fall  of  Petersburg  and  Rich- 
mond, nnd  at  Appomattox  when  General  Lee  surrendered. 

In  August,  1865,  Captain  Rulon-  was  appointed  to  a  position  in 
the  U.  S.  Mint  at  Philadelphia,  and  remained  there  until  the  ad- 
mipistration  of  President  Cleveland,  a  period  of  nearly  twenty 
years.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  May  14,  1885,  and  assigned  to  special  duty  at  the  Mayor's 
offige.  He  is  on  duty  from  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  each 
day  until  relieved  at  midnight.  He  receives  and  answers  all  tele- 
grams or  inquiries  on  police  matters,  and  communicates  the  same 
to  the  Mayor  or  Chief  of  Police  at  their  homes  by  telephone,  and 
when  directed,  he  acts  in  any  emergency  in  the  absence  of  the 
Mayor  or  Chief  until  they  can  be  communicated  with. 

JAMES  ORR  was  born  in  this  city  47  years  ago.      He  was 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


433 


appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Henry  on  November  i,  1865,  and 
served  till  the  end  of  Mayor  McMichael's  term,  when  he  resigned. 
He  was  reappointed  on  May  i,  1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  has 
been  in  continuous  service  ever  since.  Nine  months'  service  in 
the  United  States  Army  during  the  Rebellion  constitutes  his 
record  as  a  soldier.  The  most  important  arrest  he  ever  made 
was  the  capture  on  December  25,  of  the  murderer,  John  O'Toole, 
and  a  number  of  thieves  owe  their  incarceration  to  his  watchful- 
ness. 

HENRY  HUMPHRIES  has  served  the  department  as  patrol- 
man for  fifteen  years.  He  was  born  in  this  city  in  1839.  Mayor 
Stokley  appointed  him  as  a  patrolman  on  January  i,  1872,  and  he 
has  been  in  continuous  service  ever  since.  He  is  commended  as 
a  faithful  and  attentive  officer,  and  evil  doers  keep  at  a  distance 
from  him. 

WILLIAM  H.  MYERS,  special  officer,  has  served  fifteen 
years  in  the  district.  He  was  appointed  on  January  i,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  He  arrested  Howard  Price  on  August  16,  1874, 
for  the  murder  of  Cornelius  Gristman.  These  two  men  were  en- 
gaged in  a  prize-fight  and  Price  knocked  Gristman  down.  The 
latter  died  from  the  effects  of  the  blow.  On  May  29,  1875,  he 
arrested  John  Flowers  for  the  killing  of  George  Alexander.  Ar- 
thur McManes,  George  Shaffer,  William  Cope  and  Joseph  Carr, 
burglars,  were  some  of  his  important  captures.  Lizzie  Kirby,  a 
notorious  badger-thief,  was  arrested  by  him  on  December  2,  1885. 
He  had  a  hand  in  the  arrest  of  Edward  Kilo,  the  forger.  He  also 
captured  James  Mervine,  who  stabbed  Sergeant  Wallace  of  the 
Sixth  District  four  times  with  a  pen-knife  ;  Thomas  Laycock,  Wil- 
liam Nixon,  Joseph  Foster,  William  Walker,  George  McClellan, 
George  Brooks,  alias  Hustin,  Frank  Richardson,  John  McNamee, 
alias  "  Cockey,"  Annie  Casey,  Samuel  Chapman  and  George  Mor- 
rison, all  dangerous  thieves  ;  Joseph  Harding,  George  Merrick  and 
Charles  Dickson,  burglars  ;  Charles  Rose,  a  "  killer ; "  Thomas 
Blake  and  Charles  Bigley,  pickpockets,  and  many  other  criminals 
of  less  note  but  hardly  less  dangerous. 

JOSEPH  ARBUCKLEwas  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1851.  He 
was  appointed  patrolman  on  September  18,  1875.  He  has  served 
the  district  in  the  capacity  of  patrolman  for  eleven  successive 
years.  His  most  important  arrest  was  that  of  Lottie  Sweigart,  a 
notorious  shop-lifter,  on  March  22,  1886. 
28 


434  TtIE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

WILLIAM  D.  SOUDERS  is  a  native  of  Chester  County,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  is  fifty-one  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  by 
Mayor  Stokley  on  February  18,  1873.  His  years  of  good  service 
in  the  department  are  fourteen. 

ROBERT  BROWN  is  a  Philadelphian  born.  He  has  been  on 
the  force  nearly  twelve  years,  since  his  appointment  in  March, 
1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  Officer  Brown  served  the  country  in  the 
U.  S.  Navy  for  eight  years  and  five  months.  His  record  as  a 
policeman  is  a  good  one. 

WILLIAM  HASLETT  was  born  forty-two  years  ago  in  this 
city.  He  has  been  in  continuous  service  since  his  appointment 
by  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  14,  1875.  His  record  includes  the 
arrest,  on  January  26,  1878,  of  Samuel  Doyle  and  John  Coleman, 
for  burglary;  on  March  8,  1878,  John  Bradford,  a  counterfeiter; 
April  14,  1879,  John  Meredith,  and  on  September  24,  Henry 
Osterhorst  and  William  Cutler,  for  passing  counterfeit  money,  and 
on  February  22,  1882,  the  notorious  pair  of  badger  thieves,  James 
Wilson  and  Mary  Phillips. 

EDWARD  LISTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  43  years 
old.  He  became  a  patrolman  by  appointment  of  Mayor  Stokley, 
in  October,  1875.  During  the  Rebellion  he  served  three  years  in 
the  United  States  Navy. 

EDWARD  MOCK  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  ap- 
pointed on  October  9,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  One  year's  service 
in  the  United  States  Army  gives  him  the  privilege  of  wearing  the 
red  stripe.  He  is  a  good  officer  and  has  clone  commendable 
service. 

ROBERT  McCALLEY  was  born  in  this  city  in  1846.  He 
served  four  years  in  the  United  States  Army  during  the  late  war. 
On  July  i,  1878,  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  of  the  Sixth 
District,  and  he  has  become  known  as  an  efficient  officer  during 
eight  and  a  half  years  of  service.  Among  the  well-known  crimi- 
nals whom  he  has  arrested  were  John  McGlinchey,  Michael 
Reardon  and  Arthur  Campbell,  highway  robbers  ;  Frank  Hirlstine 
for  arson,  and  Tobias  Barker  and  William  McPherson,  burglars. 

JOSEPH  C.  HODGSON  was  born  in  this  city.  He  has  been 
on  the  force  eight  years,  being  one  of  Mayor  Stokley's  appoint- 
ments in  October,  1878.  He  is  a  good  officer.  He  arrested 
Christian  Alexander  on  February  4,  1880,  for  highway  robbery. 

JAMES  A.  KEKFE  was  born  in  Philadelphia.     He  has  been 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


435 


an  officer  for  eight  years  and  a  half  and  has  a  good  record.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  June  28,  1878.  On  January 
10,  1880,  he  arrested  Henry  Hall  for  robbery. 

HARVEY  FRENCH  was  born  in  Bordentown,  N.  J.,  42  years 
ago.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  April  13,  1878. 
He  served  in  the  United  States  Army  for  three  years  during  the 
late  war. 

GEORGE  APPLE  is  a  Philadelphian  by  birth.  Mayor  Stokley 
appointed  him  patrolman  on  January  14,  1879.  He  is  an  efficient 
officer.  On  November  13,  1882,  he  arrested  Lewis  Schum, 
charged  with  assault  and  battery  with  intent  to  kill. 

WILLIAM  BOILEAU  was  appointed  in  February,  1879,  by 
Mayor  Stokley  and  has  done  active  duty  ever  since.  He  is  a 
native  of  this  city.  He  arrested  James  Green  for  felony  on  No- 
vember 28,  1880,  and  on  December  28,  1879,  ne  arrested  William 
J.  Mehan  for  manslaughter. 

WILLIAM  ROSE  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  August, 
1875,  and  served  for  one  year  and  eleven  months,  when  he  left  the 
department.  He  was  reinstated  by  Mayor  King  in  March,  1884, 
and  resigned  on  February  7,  1885,  under  Mayor  Smith.  The 
latter  reappointed  him  on  January  16,  1886.  He  was  born  in  this 
city. 

TIMOTHY  REDMOND  is  a  native  Philadelphian.  He  was 
appointed  September  15,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  served  two 
years  and  seven  months  under  his  administration.  Two  months 
after  Mayor  King's  election  Officer  Redmond  resigned.  He  was 
reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  September  6,  1884.  He  arrested 
Eugene  Walsh  on  August  i,  1879,  for  rape  ;  Fanny  Brown,  on 
February  2,  1886,  and  Lincoln  Pfieffer,  a  highway  robber,  on 
August  5,  1886. 

FREDERICK  LENOIR,  special  officer,  is  credited  with  being 
one  of  the  best  officers  in  the  district.  He  was  appointed  in  May, 
1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  has  served  for  nearly  eight  years. 
He  is  a  veteran  of  the  late  war,  having  served  two  years  in  the 
army  during  its  duration.  The  books  of  the  district  credit 
him  with  many  important  arrests,  the  principal  of  which  were, 
the  capture  of  the  well-known  burglar,  Thomas  Owens,  alias 
Black  Tom,  on  December  10,  1884,  and  of  George  Taylor,  a 
forger,  on  August  u,  1885.  He  assisted  in  the  arrest  of  the 
forger,  Edward  Kilo,  on  July  n,  1885. 


436  THE  PHILADELPHIA.  POLICE, 

JOSEPH  THAYER  was  born  in  New  York  and  is  forty-one 
years  old.  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  in  November, 
1879  He  served  in  the  army  one  year  during  the  Rebellion. 
He  assisted  in  the  capture  of  Lincoln  Pfieffer,  the  highway  robber, 
on  August  5,  1886. 

SAMUEL  G.  POLLOCK  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Stokley  and  has  served  on  the  force  seven  years  in  all.  He  has  a 
good  record  as  an  officer. 

HENRY  NEVINS  is  a  young  patrolman  with  a  good  record. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  September  6,  1880.  On 
September  25,  1881,  he  captured  "Jack  "Green  and  Harry  Martin, 
highway  robbers;  on  July  28,  1883,  Edward  Frodden,  murderer; 
on  March  12,  1885,  Charles  White,  a  highway  robber;  on  Decem- 
ber 7,  1885,  William  Scott  and  Lizzie  Kirby,  badger-thieves,  and  on 
July  17,  1886,  Charles  Ferguson  and  John  Kelly,  window-smashers. 

JOSEPH  M.  BOYCE  was  born  in  this  city  in  1842.  He  was 
in  the  United  States  Navy  during  the  Rebellion.  He  was  ap- 
pointed patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  resigned  after  two  years, 
service.  He  was  again  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  June  9, 
1884. 

JAMES  O'NEIL  was  born  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1850  ;  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  September  8,  1877  ;  resigned  in  May, 
1884,  and  was  reappointed  on  May  i,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He 
is  credited  with  good  service. 

JAMES  CLAYTON  was  born  in  this  city.  He  joined  the 
department  by  appointment  of  Mayor  Stokley  in  March,  1880,  and 
has  been  in  continuous  service  through  the  administrations  of 
mayors  Stokley,  King  and  Smith.  He  was  a  volunteer  in  the  late 
war  and  in  the  Regulars  for  twelve  years.  On  August  16,  1886, 
he  captured  James  Barton,  a  counterfeit  money  dealer. 

BOWMAN  SIMPSON  has  been  a  patrolman  nearly  seven  years. 
He  was  appointed  in  June,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He  is  a 
native  of  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  good  officer. 

HARRY  C.  COOKE  has  been  a  patrolman  six  years.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  7,  1881.  He  has 
done  good  service  in  the  department.  He  arrested  burglar  John 
Campbell  on  June  24,  1881. 

CHARLES  H.  FIELD  is  an  appointee  of  Mayor  Smith  and 
has  been  on  the  force  less  than  three  years,  but  in  that  time  he  has 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


437 


commended  himself  to  his  superiors  by  his  attention  to  duty.     He 
was  born  in  Hollowell,  Maine,  and  is  thirty-nine  years  old. 

OLIVER  BLACKBURN  is  an  Irishman  by  birth.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884,  and  his  superior  officers 
consider  him  a  good  officer. 

WILLIAM  H.  SMITH  was  made  a  patrolman  on  June  9,  1884, 
by  Mayor  Smith.  Burlington,  N.  J.,  is  the  place  where  he  was 
born.  In  his  short  term  of  service  he  has  done  good  work. 

ALBERT  HALLOWELL  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
May  16,  1884.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-three 
years  old. 

CHARLES  GRASSELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  June,  1884. 

JOHN  W.  HARTSHORNE  became  connected  with  the  de- 
partment on  May  10,  1876,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  under  whom  he  served  one  year.  He  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  December  30,  1884.  He  has  done  good  service 
during  his  connection  with  the  department.  He  arrested  the 
negress,  Annie  Cutler,  who  shot  and  killed  William  Knight,  her 
lover,  at  Eleventh  and  Arch  streets,  on  April  22,  1885.  On  June 
22,  1886,  he  captured  the  highway  robbers,  Martin  Ryan  and  John 
Glazier. 

SAMUEL  E.  CAMPBELL  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
June  24,  1886.  He  is  an  efficient  officer. 

GEORGE  W.  LOCKREY  was  a  patrolman  under  Mayor  Stok- 
ley for  two  years  and  two  months,  having  been  appointed  by  him 
on  September  20,  1878.  He  served  two  years  and  nine  months 
under  Mayor  King  and  through  all  of  Mayor  Smith's  term. 

JOHN  C.  PEARSON  was  appointed  on  January  i,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley  and  served  under  that  mayor  for  seven  years.  He 
was  reappointed  by  Mayor  King.  His  record  as  a  soldier  is  two 
years  and  nine  months  in  the  Volunteers  during  the  Rebellion  and 
three  years  in  the  Regular  Army. 

JOHN  M.  RANDALL  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  in  1844. 
He  served  nine  months  as  a  soldier  in  the  late  war.  He  was 
made  a  patrolman  in  March,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HENRY  T.  WILSON  was  made  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  July  12,  1886.  He  served  nine  months  in  the  Federal  Army. 

THOMAS  CLOUSER  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Stokley  in  January,  1872.  He  was  born  in  1845. 


438  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

LEWIS  MYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-four 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
October,  1886. 

FRANK  HENRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-nine 
years  old.  He  served  two  years  and  four  months  in  the  U.  S. 
Army,  and  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
September,  1886. 

WILLIAM  COLLINS  was  born  in  Scotland  and  is  thirty-eight 
years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith 
in  October,  1886. 

THOMAS  E.  GARDNER  was  born  in-  Philadelphia  and  is 
twenty-eight  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  October,  1886. 

HENRY  PALMER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-nine 
years  old.  He  served  two  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  December,  1884. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

SEVENTH,  EIGHTH  AND  NINTH  DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT 
SMITH. — SERGEANTS  VINCENT,  PEMBERTON,  BROWN 
AND  PAINTER. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — PECULIARITY 
OF  THE  EIGHTH  DISTRICT. — PLUCKY  LIEUTENANT 
GEORGE  W.  SMITH. — SERGEANTS  HYNSON,  LEUTWINE, 
FULMER  AND  GOODHART. — SPECIAL  OFFICERS  HOFFMAN 
AND  KEATON. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN.—  LIEUTENANT 
GREEN  AND  HIS  DISTRICT. — SERGEANT  SHILLING, 
MOORE,  SHAFFER  AND  SMITH. — SPECIAL  OFFICERS 
HUMPHRIES  AND  RICHARDS. — OFFICER  WILHELM'S 
UNREQUITED  SERVICE. 

THE  SEVENTH  DISTRICT. 

WILLIAM  L.  SMITH,  lieutenant  of  the  Seventh  District, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  26,  1838.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  the  city,  and  afterwards  learned  the  trade  of 
a  lithographer.  He  was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  engineers' 
department  of  the  U.  S.  Mint,  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed when  General  Lee  raided  into  Pennsylvania  in  1863.  Mr. 
Smith  then  joined  Captain  William  B.  Mann's  Independent  Com- 
pany and  served  during  the  emergency.  When  John  G.  Butler  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  Mr.  Smith  accepted 
a  clerkship  in  the  office,  which  he  held  until  he  became  connected 
with  the  police  department.  He  was  first  appointed  lieutenant 
of  police  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872.  He  served  two 
years  and  then  resigned.  Mayor  Smith  reappointed  him  January 
S,  1886.  The  Seventh  District  Station-House  is  located  at  No.  514 
St.  John  Street.  The  district  extends  from  the  north  side  of  Vine 
Street  to  the  south  side  of  Poplar,  and  from  the  east  side  of  Sixth 
Street  to  the  Delaware  River.  The  Philadelphia  and  Reading 


44o  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Railroad's  freight  and  coal  depots  at  Noble  Street,  John  F.  Betz  & 
Sons'  brewery,  Fifth  and  Callowhill  streets,  the  Consolidated 
National  Bank  and  the  National  Bank  of  the  Northern  Liberties 
are  within  the  limits  of  this  district. 

Sergeant  DANIEL  VINCENT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
February  15,  1850.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  January  i,  1872.  On  April  12,  1872,  he  arrested  Silas 
Waxford,  who  was  sent  to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  eighteen 
months  for  forgery;  on  May  8,  1875,  Charles  Spurie,  for  house- 
breaking,  and  on  February  28,  1877,  Andrew  Haeble  for  larceny. 

Sergeant  JOHN  A.  PEMBERTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  December  18,  1850.  He  entered  the  department  under 
Mayor  Stokley  April  2,  1873,  as  patrolman ;  resigned  November 
3,  1874;  was  reappointed  on  May  4,  1876,  and  was  promoted  to 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  i,  1884.  He  arrested  on  Au- 
gust 23,  1876,  James  Brooks,  a  diamond  thief,  for  the  theft  of  a 
diamond  pin  valued  at  $1700;  on  April  16,  1877,  John  C. 
Smith  for  larceny;  October  12,  Gustavus  Haney  for  burglary,  and 
on  December  2 1,  1877,  he  captured  Charles  Martin,  a  safe-blower, 
in  the  act  of  blowing  open  the  safe  of  French,  Richards  &  Co. 

House-Sergeant  HARRY  C.  BROWN  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  March  16,  1847.  He  entered  the  department  under 
Mayor  Stokley  on  March  28,  1876. 

House-Sergeant  HARRY  PAINTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
October  i,  1854.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  March  i, 
1882. 

THOMAS  B.  WHITEMAN,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia on  July  15,  1844.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  on 
January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  was  detailed  to  duty  as 
special  officer,  and  during  his  fifteen  years  of  service  he  has  made 
a  number  of  arrests,  of  which  the  following  are  the  most  impor- 
tant :  On  July  25,  1875,  Michael  Hill  and  Samuel  Brown,  pick- 
pockets ;  June  3,  1875,  Charles  Smith,  highway  robber;  August 
25,  1877,  James  and  Charles  Gallagher,  burglars;  October  27, 
1877,  Charles  Miller,  passing  counterfeit  money;  February  25, 
1882,  Teresa  Matthews,  pickpocket ;  May  5,  1882,  James  Miller 
and  Henry  Corr,  horse  thieves  ;  May  19,  1882,  Benjamin  Hawley, 
larceny  of  ahorse  and  buggy  ;  July  13,  1882,  Israel  Solomon,  house 
robbery  ;  July  18,  1882,  John  Holmes,  negro  house-breaker  ;  No- 
vember 16,  1882,  Thomas  Gardner  and  Charles  and  Edward 


WILLIAM  L.  SMITH, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Seventh  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


443 


Jacques,  store  robbery  and  burglary;  September  i,  1884,  Fred- 
erick Strong,  passer  of  counterfeit  money ;  September  15,  1884, 
Pete  Burns,  alias  Brown,  and  William  Robinson,  alias  Murray, 
highway  robbers  ;  March  10,  1885,  J.  W.  Corr,  forger  ;  April  3, 
1885,  Henry  Fry,  and  "  Dutch  Fred,"  burglars ;  October  i, 
1885,  Joseph  R.  Truitt,  negro  forger  ;  January  30,  1886,  Herman 
Schieber,  alias  .Richards,  and  Herman  Hamel,  alias  Dunn,  house- 
breakers; February  n,  1886,  William  Kellar,  burglary;  February 
12,  Hugh  McMahon,  arson  and  conspiracy,  and  many  others, 
each  of  whom  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  terms  ranging 
from  one  to  ten  years,  according  to  the  gravity  of  their  offences. 

CHARLES  EDWARDS,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  June  27,  1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in 
1873,  and  was  detailed  as  special  officer.  He  worked  with  Officer 
Whiteman  and  assisted  in  many  of  the  arrests  accredited  to  that 
officer.  Among  the  important  arrests  which  he  has  made  are  the 
following  :  On  March  26,  1881,  William  White,  an  old  offender,  for 
passing  counterfeit  money  ;  July  26,  1882,  Charles  Nichols  and  Au- 
gust Kraemer,  boys,  for  setting  fire  to  the  warehouse  of  Campbell  & 
Harris,  at  Beach  and  Brown  streets,  when  $80,000  worth  of  prop- 
erty was  destroyed  ;  August  13,  1882,  Albert  Harrison,  for  stab- 
bing his  son  ;  October  2,  John  Warner  and  Tillie  Shaffer,  store 
robbers ;  February  6,  1883,  Michael  Comber,  alias  "  Jingles," 
highway  robber ;  December  20,  1883,  Herman  Bohnke,  alias 
Harry  Brown,  Joseph  Good  and  Joseph  Adel,  masked  burglars, 
who  had  been  operating  in  Montgomery  County  ;  and  March  6, 
1884,  Charles  Konstandine  and  William  E.  Lutz,  for  complicity 
in  the  same  burglaries ;  July  20,  1884,  John  McCarthy,  a  watch 
thief  ;  November  28,  1884,  fur  thief  ;  April  3,  1885,  Henry  Fry,  a 
professional  burglar  ;  July  30,  1885,  William,  alias  "  Bum  "  Hor- 
ney,  highway  robber ;  August  16,  1885,  Max  Harris,  alias  Jacobs, 
a  bogus  special  officer;  September  21,  1885,  Frank,  alias 
"  Soapy  "  Donahue,  a  highway  robber,  and  many  others,  all  of 
whom  were  convicted  and  received  sentences  varying  from  one  to 
five  years.  In  some  of  these  arrests  Officer  Edwards  acted  in  con- 
junction with  Officer  Whiteman. 

THOMAS  MAGEE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December  25, 
1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  November  i,  1881. 

JOHN  A.  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Septem 
ber  9,  1830.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry,  May  n,  1860, 


444  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  after  serving  nine  years  resigned.  Mayor  Smith  re-appointed 
him  in  May,  1884. 

JOSEPH  V.  CLAWGES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October 
29,  1830.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  in  November,  1881. 

WILLIAM  MOSER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December 
n,  1850.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in 
May,  1876. 

GEORGE  MAIS  was  born  in  Hazleton,  Pa.,  on  May  22,  1853. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  5,  1879. 

JOHN  ROBB  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  February  13,  1851. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  May  22,  1884. 

JACOB  W.  YOUNG  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on  July 
27,  1846.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Fox  on  January  i,  1871. 
He  arrested,  on  August  9,  1875,  Samuel  Wilson  and  William 
Jones,  highway  robbers  ;  and  on  May  5,  1876,  John  Francis  and 
William  Brady,  burglars. 

ABRAHAM  DEAL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  24, 
1842.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  August  2,  1872. 

JAMES  C.  FINCH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  June  27,  1842. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  1877. 

CHARLES  W.  STEEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  n, 
1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  March  n,  1883. 

WILLIAM  ALLBRIGHT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  5, 
1840.  He  entered  the  department  in  1872,  under  Mayor  Stokley. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK  was  born   in   Philadelphia  on   March 

9,  1852.     He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  1885. 
WILLIAM  COFFIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Feb.  27,  1834. 

He  entered  the  department  in  1866,  under  Mayor  McMichael. 

LEWIS  HERWIG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  16, 
1855.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  December  24,  1879. 

JOSEPH    MAUCHER  was  born   in   Philadelphia  on   August 

10,  1856.     He  entered   the  department  under   Mayor   Stokley  in 
1879.     On  March  27,  1885,  he  arrested  James  Cook,  for  forgery. 

FRANK  CARROLL  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  on  Jan- 
uary 14,  1858.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1884. 

DANIEL  BASTIAN  was  born  in  France,  August  20,  1843. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1876.  He  resigned  after- 
wards and  was  out  of  the  department  until  Mayor  Smith  reap- 
pointed  him  in  1884. 

BERNARD  LYNN   was   born   in   Philadelphia  on   March  16, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


445 


1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  n,  1884.  On 
September  21,  1885,  he  arrested  Frank  Donohue  for  highway  rob- 
bery, and  on  February  21,  1885,  Stephen  Muldoon,  for  robbery. 

ELIJAH  DURHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  7, 
1851.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  May 
22,  1884.  On  January  3,  1885,  he  captured  Frank  Feiss,  boarding- 
house  thief,  and  had  him  sent  to  the  penitentiary  fox  fifteen  months. 

LEWIS  BUCK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  18,  1836. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  King  in  1883. 

JOHN  ARBUCKLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Decem- 
ber 5,  1859.  He  was  appointed  May  14,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

LOUIS  BOXBURGER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  29, 
1855.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1885. 

EDWARD  AHERN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Much  5,  1857. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  May  21,  1884. 

JEREMIAH  MAHONEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  June 
20,  1845.  ^e  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  21,  1884. 

WILLIAM  HJMEBACK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Septem- 
ber 2,  1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November 
18,  1874.  He  arrested  on  December  31,  1877,  William  Wallace, 
a  burglar,  and  on  September  28,  1878,  William  McCloskey  and 
George  Morris,  house  robbers. 

EDWARD  STINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  September  4, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  28, 
1878.  He  arrested  on  March  27,  1878,  Edward  Myers,  for  false 
pretence;  February  28,  1882,  James  Rodgers,  highway  robber; 
October  28,  1854,  John  Bulger,  for  passing  counterfeit  money. 

THOMAS  PEARCY  was  born  in  Nottingham,  England,  March 
4,  1832.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  8,  1876. 

ANGUST  FISS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  n,  1837. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  April,  1878. 

CHARLES  SNYDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  i, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  15,  1880. 

EDWIN  OGLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  30,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1875.  He  arrested,  on 
March  23,  1877.  John  Agner,  a  burglar;  and  on  April  14,  1882, 
he  arrested  Edward  Lee  for  larceny. 

THOMAS  J.  BARRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  10, 
1853.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  in  1884.  On  April  9,  1886, 
he  arrested  James  Jones,  a  bogus  check  swindler. 


446  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

FRANK  PHILLIPS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  August  19, 

1859.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  on  May  22,  1884. 
CHARLES  LA  TURNEAU  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April 

3,  1829.     He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  on  March  14,  1861. 

GOTTLIEB  WAGNER  was  born  in  Germany  August  7,  1848. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  March  18,  1884. 

ELLSWORTH  ADAMS  was  born  in  New  Jersey  June  20,  1860. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  Jan.  9,  1886. 

CHARLES  HUNT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  10, 

1860.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  February  12,  1886. 
FRANK  WEIBLE  was  born   in  Germany  July  10,    1840;  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  October  3,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  HAUSEMANN  was  born  Januarys,  1852.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  November  6,  1886. 

J.  G.  WRAY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  September  26, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
September  10,  1886. 

JEREMIAH  C.  CALLAWAY,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Virginia 
on  June  13,  1851.  He  was  appointed  turnkey  by  Mayor  Stokley 
in  1876. 

SUBSTITUTE     PATROLMEN. 

ADAM  AMBRON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  30, 
1860.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  September  17,  1886. 

AMOS  A.  ENGLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  5, 
1847.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  October  6,  1886. 

JAMES  H.  HUSTED  was  born  in  Pennsville,  N.  J.,  in  1845. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  4,  1886. 

THOMAS  McCREEDY  was  born  on  February  19,  1856.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  October  6,  1886. 

WILLIAM  KAGLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  5,  1834. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  March  8,  1886. 

THE    EIGHTH    DISTRICT. 

The  Eighth  Police  District  has  the  distinction  of  being  purely 
Philadelphian,  every  man  connected  with  it,  both  officers  and  pa- 
trolmen, having  been  born  in  the  City  of  Brotherly  Love. 


GEORGE  W.  SMITH, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Eighth  District. 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


449 


GEORGE  W.  SMITH,  lieutenant  of  the  Eighth  District,  was 
born  December  5,  1845,  m  tne  C^Y  °f  Philadelphia.  He  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Thirty-first  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  on 
the  i8th  of  June,  1863,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  appointed  on  the  police  force  as  sub-officer  in  the  Eighth  District 
by  Mayor  Stokley,  September  22,  1873.  He  was  promoted  from 
a  sub  to  a  regular  patrolman  October  14,  1873;  made  sergeant 
October  i,  1875,  ar>d  commissioned  lieutenant  by  Mayor  Smith 
January  i,  1886.  On  July  24,  1878,  Lieutenant  Smith,  who  was 
then  a  sergeant,  arrested,  after  a  desperate  struggle,  three  well- 
known  burglars,  James  Lewis,  Henry  Moran  and  Charles,  alias 
"  Dutch  "  Murphy.  When  observed  by  the  sergeant,  who  was  in 
citizen's  attire,  these  men  were  acting  in  a  suspicious  manner. 
He  shadowed  them  for  several  hours,  and  finally  ran  them  to 
cover  in  a  vacant  house  at  the  north-west  corner  of  Franklin  and 
Brown  streets.  Two  of  the  burglars  climbed  the  fence  and  en- 
tered the  house,  while  the  third  stationed  himself  in  an  adjoin- 
ing alley  to  "  pipe "  or  keep  a  lookout  on  the  outside.  The 
sergeant  arrested  him,  but  not  until  he  had  given  the  alarm  to  his 
companions  within.  They  quickly  came  out,  and  seeing  their 
"pal  "  in  trouble  attacked  the  sergeant.  He  was  roughly  handled 
by  the  trio,  but  bravely  held  his  prisoner.  One  of  the  members  of 
his  squad  was  attracted  to  the  spot,  and  with  the  assistance  of  a 
citizen  who  volunteered  his  services,  two  of  the  law-breakers  were 
secured  and  taken  to  the  station-house.  The  third  broke  away 
and  the  sergeant  started  after  him.  Finding  himself  hard  pressed 
the  burglar  drew  a  revolver  and  began  firing  at  the  officer,  at  the 
same  time  running  down  the  street.  One  shot  took  effect  in  the 
sergeant's  left  leg,  but  notwithstanding  his  wound  he  still  kept  up 
the  chase,  and  finally  succeeded  in  arresting  and  conveying  his 
prisoner  to  the  station-house.  The  three  men  were  convicted 
and  sent  to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  five  years  each. 

On  May  n,  1879,  after  a  long  period  of  quiet  shadowing,  Lieu- 
tenant Smith  arrested  Charles  and  Lewis  Lightenberger,  who 
had  been  making  counterfeit  ten,  twenty-five  and  fifty  cent  silver 
pieces.  At  the  time  of  their  arrest  they  had  in  their  possession 
between  two  and  three  hundred  dollars  worth  of  bogus  coin.  At 
their  residence,  every  imaginable  contrivance  for  making  coun- 
terfeit money  was  found.  Both  men  were  convicted  and  sent  to 
the  penitentiary  for  three  years  each.  On  February  21,  1884,  he 
29 


450  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

arrested  William  Casey,  the  murderer  of  a  man  named  Pugh,  at 
Thirteenth  and  Buttonwood  streets.  When  Casey  was  tried  the 
testimony  was  very  conflicting,  but  he  was  finally  convicted  and 
sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  five  years. 

The  Eighth  District  Police  Station  is  situated  at  Nos.  1012  and 
1014  Buttonwood  Street.  The  district  comprises  the  Thirteenth 
and  Fourteenth  wards,  and  extends  from  the  west  side  of  Sixth 
Street  to  the  east  side  of  Broad,  and  from  the  north  side  of  Vine 
Street  to  the  south  side  of  Poplar.  The  factories  of  Thackara, 
Sons  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  fine  gas-fixtures,  Twelfth  and  Brown 
streets ;  William  Buck  &  Co.,  gas-fixtures,  north-east  corner 
Eighth  and  Willow  streets  ;  Lippet  &  Loeb's  skein  silk  manu- 
factory, 317,  319  and  321  Garden  Street;  Lewis  &  Bro.,  storage 
warehpuse,  extending  from  ion  Willow  Street  to  1027  Ridge 
Avenue  ;  Powers  &  Weightman's  Chemical  Laboratory,  extend- 
ing from  Brown  to  Parrish  streets  on  Ninth;  Hance  Bros.  & 
White,  chemkal  works,  north-west  corner  of  Marshall  and  Callow- 
hill  streets ;  Fidelity  Manufacturing  Company,  Willow  Street 
above  Eleventh  ;  William  F.  Shaw's  Book  and  Music  Publishing 
House,  719,  721,  and  723  Vine  Street;  and  L.  Thompson's  Saw 
and  Planing  Mills,  north-west  corner  of  Ridge  Avenue  and 
Hamilton  Street,  are  the  most  important  industrial  establishments 
in  the  district.  Handel  and  Haydn  Hall,  the  Spring  Garden  Bank, 
the  National  Trust  and  Safe  Deposit  Company,  Maennerchor  Gar- 
den and  Hall,  and  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Passenger  Rail- 
way depots  are  also  in  this  district. 

Sergeant  GEORGE  B.  HYNSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and 
is  fifty-four  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  was 
appointed  sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  2,  1875.  ^n  August 
10,  1876,  he  arrested  James  McGlinchey  for  highway  robbery,  who 
was  tried  the  same  day  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  two  years  ; 
and  on  June  25,  1881,  Albert  Flake,  for  highway  robbery,  sen- 
tenced to  fifteen  months'  imprisonment. 

Sergeant  GEORGE  LEUTWINE,  a  bright  and  faithful  officer, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-six  years  old.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  and  in  the  capacity  of 
a  marine  has  visited  the  principal  ports  of  the  world.  He  was  ap. 
pointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  12, 
1878,  and  made  a  regular  patrolman  on  the  Reserve  Corps  January 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


451 


2,  1879.  He  was  promoted  to  the  sergeancy  of  the  Eighth  Dis- 
trict January  i,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  GOODHART  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia and  is  thirty-four  years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police 
force  as  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1877.  On  Jan- 
uary i,  1887,  he  was  promoted  to  house-sergeant  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

House-Sergeant  EDWARD  T.  FULMER  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia and  is  thirty  seven  years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872,  and  promoted  to 
house-sergeant  of  the  Eighth  District  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1886. 
On  November  12,  1875,  Officer  Fulmer  arrested  John  Donnelly 
and  Arthur  Harvey,  members  of  a  gang  that  had  been  named  the 
Reading  Hose  gang.  Their  rendezvous  was  principally  in  the 
vicinity  of  Thirteenth  and  Wood,  and  Broad  and  Vine  streets. 
These  two  men  were  the  most  dangerous  members  of  the  gang. 
They  were  caught  by  Patrolman  Fulmer  at  an  early  hour  in  the 
morning,  while  committing  a  burglary,  and  with  much  difficulty 
taken  to  the  station-house.  They  were  sentenced  to  three  years 
each.  June  18,  1878,  he  arrested  James  Quinn,  alias  Brown,  on  a 
charge  of  conspiracy  :  sent  to  penitentiary  for  two  years ;  March 
15,  1883,  James  Haggerty,  alias  Hagan,  and  James  Fitzpatrick, 
alias  Fitch,  for  burglary  :  sentenced  to  eight  years  each. 

JOHN  HOFFMAN,  special  officer  of  the  Eighth  District,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-eight  years  of  age.  He  has 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Army,  and  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrol- 
man April  n,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  made  a  regular  officer 
June  3,  1876.  He  was  promoted  to  special  officer  March  8,  1882. 
September  21,  1877,  Officer  Hoffman  arrested  Hezekiah  Wooten, 
\vho  was  "wanted"  in  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  for  incendiarism, 
having  fired  a  bridge  at  that  place  ;  October  4,  1879,  Henry  Har- 
rigan,  for  passing  counterfeit  money;  January  2,  1880,  Maggie 
Canfield,  a  boarding-house  thief;  August  12,  1879,  Charles 
Adams,  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  all  of  whom  were  convicted 
and  received  various  terms  of  imprisonment. 

JOHN  KEATON,  special  officer  of  the  Eighth  District,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-seven  years  old.  He  has  served 
in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  January  i,  1872  ;  promoted  to  special  officer  May  13, 
1882.  On  February  5,  1874,  Officer  Keaton  arrested  Charles 


452  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Lanning,  for  robbery  ;  January  i,  1877,  John  Hasson,  for  highway 
robbery,  and  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  and  December  8,  1879 
Thomas  Crease,  sneak  thief,  all  of  whom  were  sent  to  prison  for 
various  terms. 

Special  officers  Hoffman  and  Keaton  have  done  good  and  effi- 
cient work  together.  On  May  20,  1882,  they  arrested  William  H. 
Dampman  for  highway  robbery  ;  October  8,  1883,  William  Clark  for 
robbery,  and  on  October  28,  1883,  Casper  Youngheim,  a  German. 
Youngheim  was  not  living  happily  with  his  wife,  so  he  decided  to  get 
rid  of  her,  and  having  manufactured  a  dynamite  bomb,  secreted  him- 
self in  a  small  alley-way  opposite  her  house.  When  he  saw  her  in 
the  front  room  of  the  second  story,  he  hurled  the  missile  through 
the  window.  She  escaped  injury,  and  the  husband  was  sent  to 
the  penitentiary  for  three  years.  December  21,  1883,  they  ar- 
rested Harvey  Summers  and  Charles  Mills,  alias  "  English  Bill," 
for  burglar}7;  January  19,  1883,  Robert  Welch  for  forgery  in  Mary- 
land, where  he  was  sent  for  trial ;  July  26,  1884,  Charles  Vansant, 
for  forgery;  February  21,  1884,  William  Casey,  for  murder;  Octo- 
ber 22,  1885,  William  Knabe,  for  forgery ;  February  5,  1886. 
Lottie  Sweigart,  who  had  been  obtaining  goods  under  false  pre- 
tence from  retail  dealers  throughout  the  city;  January  15,  1886, 
John  Hughes,  alias  Hayes,  for  burglary.  On  July  3,  1885,  they 
apprehended  William,  alias  "  Judy  "  Lee,  an  expressman,  for  rob- 
bing trunks.  His  custom  was  to  call  at  a  house  for  a  trunk,  take 
it  away  and  rifle  it  of  its  contents,  and  filling  it  with  some  heavy 
substance  take  it  to  the  depot  and  check  it  to  its  destination.  He 
would  generally  select  for  despoiling  baggage  destined  to  a  distant 
city.  He  operated  successfully  for  a  long  time,  but  was  finally 
caught  by  a  trap  laid  for  him.  He  was  sent  to  prison  for  three 
years. 

JAMES  BROOKS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-seven 
years  old.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January,  1872. 

JOHN  PATTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty  years 
of  age.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
August,  1876. 

JOHN  NUNNEMAKER  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  forty- 
two  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Was  appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  October,  1884. 

THEODORE  F.  BOURQUIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


453 


forty-four  years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  May,  1876. 

GEORGE  BARTLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
three  years  old  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith,  April,  1884. 

ELISHA  RENNERD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty- 
eight  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Henry,  March,  1865. 

MATTHEW  SHERIDAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty 
years  of  age.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  June,  1877.  He  arrested,  No- 
vember 14,  1878,  John,  alias  "Bull"  O'Brien,  for  burglary;  April 
i,  1885,  William  McGee,  for  house  robbery,  and  October  9,  1882, 
Peter  Robinson  for  riot,  and  assault  to  kill,  all  of  whom  were  sent 
to  prison  for  various  terms. 

ISAAC  H.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-four 
years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley, May,  1879. 

CHARLES  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty- 
seven  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley,  August,  1876. 

WILLIAM  KAHLHOFER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty-four  years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Smith,  January,  1886. 

JOHN  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-four 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  May, 
1884. 

JOHN  LEX  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-eight  years 
old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  February, 
1879. 

JOSEPH  ADAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-eight 
years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley, 
March,  1876. 

JOSEPH  WHITNEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
five  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  King,  March,  1883. 

JOHN  D.  GULP  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-eight 
years  of  age.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  October,  1880. 

WILLIAM   SENIOR  was  born  in   Philadelphia  and  is  forty- 


454  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

eight  years  old.     Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley, 
June,  1879. 

GEORGE  W.  LEWIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty 
years  of  age.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January,  1872. 

JAMES  COLWELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty-three 
years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  October,  1879. 

CASPER  TRACE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty  years 
of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January, 
1872. 

JOHN  H.  LACEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-four 
years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  Jan- 
uary, 1886. 

CHARLES  AUSTIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty 
years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  po- 
lice force  October,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

ERNEST  SILBER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty 
years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  po- 
lice force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  May,  1876. 

JOHN  RITCHIE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-six 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  Decem- 
ber, 1884. 

WILLIAM  GRAEFF  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty- 
two  years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley, April,  1878. 

ALBANUS  FREAS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty-six 
years  of  age.  A  veteran  officer,  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Conrad  in  May,  1854. 

MARTIN  BLOOM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-three 
years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  October,  1879. 

CHARLES  C.  KETLER  was  born,  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
forty-three  years  of  age.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January,  1875. 
Officer  Ketler  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests;  among 
them  are :  June  5,  1875,  James  Ferguson,  alias  "  Funny  Jim," 
and  Henry  Wallace;  June  13,  1875,  William  McGuire,  alias 
"  Brockie  Bill,"  and  George  Seitzinger ;  July  8,  1875,  William 
Stocker;  April  26,  1876,  Thomas  Allen;  June  16,  1876,  John 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


455 


Wood  and  William  McGuire,  alias  "  Brockie  Bill  "  ;  July  5,  1876, 
George  W.  Curtis,  all  for  house  breaking.  December  17,  1876, 
he  arrested  Edward  Williams  and  John  Reese  for  burglary ;  Janu- 
ary 23,  1878,  Robert  Hackett,  for  receiving  stolen  goods;  January 
30,  1878,  David  Frorilli,  for  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  who 
stabbed  another  man  eleven  times,  some  of  the  wounds  extending 
through  his  body;  September  15,  1878,  Peter  Burns,  for  window 
smashing  ;  November  24,  1879,  Henry  Mackowen,  for  house  break- 
ing ;  December  30,  1879,  William  Brodgen  and  William  Hillyard, 
sneak  thieves;  April  9,  1880,  James  Early,  for  highway  robbery; 
May  4,  1882,  Frank  McGowan,  pickpocket ;  November  21,  1882, 
William  Jennings,  alias  Thomas  Smith,  for  window  smashing,  and 
May  16,  1885,  Edwin  A.  Arther,  for  forgery.  All  of  these  people 
were  convicted  of  the  crimes  charged  and  received  sentences  of 
imprisonment  for  various  terms. 

SAMUEL  W.  DURELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty-eight  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  November,  1877.  He  ar- 
rested, July  6,  1 88 1,  Albert  Fleck,  Charles  Linn  and  James  Mack, 
for  highway  robbery  ;  May  15,  1881,  Oscar  Snowden,  for  house 
breaking,  and  October  14,  1882,  Charles  Smith  for  burglary,  all 
of  whom  were  sent  to  prison  for  various  terms. 

JAMES  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
nine  years  of  age.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  November,  1875.  Ar- 
rested, January  3,  1877,  Richard  Lennox,  for  forgery  on  a  bank 
in  Peoria,  Illinois,  amounting  to  $15,000;  February  12,  1877, 
Charles  Millham  and  Robert  McKee  for  burglary,  and  October 
17,  1886,  Frank  Smith  for  highway  robbery. 

CASPER  ANDRESS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty 
years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  February,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  WARNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty  years 
old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  November,  1874. 

ANDREW  McFARLAND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty-two  years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June,  1878, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CHARLES  WARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-four 
years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley, 


4S6  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

May,  1876.  Arrested  July  14,  1884,  Albert  H.  Ward  for  burglary: 
sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  two  years. 

THEODORE  T.  TOMKINS  was.  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
forty-seven  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  June,  1875. 

JOHN  KERN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  sixty-two  years 
old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January,  1872. 

LEWIS  HOFFMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
nme  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  January,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

ROBERT  TORREY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-two 
years  old.  Has  served  in  both  the  army  and  navy.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  December,  1880. 

EDWARD  ROBINSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty- 
lour  years  of  age.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  King  in  May,  1883. 

FRANK  LEWIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-five 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May,  1884. 

JOHN  SNYDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-seven 
years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  July,  187^. 

M.  L.  C.  RHOADES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty- 
one  years  old.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January,  1886. 

GEORGE  W.  RICHARDS  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is 
twenty -nine  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  March,  1885. 

WILLIAM  J.  BROOKS  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is 
twenty-seven  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January 
23,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

FRANK  ELLENDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  February  5, 
1850.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  on  January  15,  1886. 

JAMES  GRINNAGE,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Maryland  and  is 
forty-five  years  old.  Appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1874. 

SUBSTITUTE    PATROLMEN. 

THOMAS  J.  LENOIR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  9, 
1857.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  March  5,  1886. 


JOSEPH  P.  GREEN, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Ninth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  457 

WILLIAM  LOVETT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  25, 
1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April  22,  1886. 

FREDERICK  W.  SCHOBER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
February  27,  1857.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April 
15,  1886. 

WILT  T  A  A/r    DTT^AN  was  borrfin  Philadelphia  on  March  27, 
1849  ...  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  September  13,  1886. 

ROBERT  WINN  was  born  at  Taunton,  England,  on  August  3, 
1848.     He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  8,  1887. 

WILLIAM  BUDDY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  16, 
1854.  He  was  appointed  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
February  3,  1887. 

THE   NINTH   DISTRICT. 

JOSEPH  P.  GREEN,  lieutenant  of  the  Ninth  District,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  April  12,  1855.  He  was  educated  at  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  the  city,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  began  to  learn 
the  trade  of  a  tinsmith  with  his  father,  who  had  been  established 
in  that  business  in  the  Fifteenth  Ward  for  thirty  years.  After 
serving  his  apprenticeship  he  worked  at  his  trade  in  his  father's 
shop  until  he  was  appointed  to  the  police  force,  as  a  patrolman, 
by  Mayor  Stokley,  on  January  i,  1878.  He  served  in  that  capac- 
ity until  May  29,  1880,  when  he  resigned  to  take  charge  of  the  tin 
department  in  the  large  establishment  of  Martin,  Fuller  &  Co. 
He  remained  with  them  over  a  year,  when  he  accepted  the  position 
of  inspector  in  the  gas  department  of  the  city.  He  relinquished 
the  latter  to  accept  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Ninth  District,  to  which 
he  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  March  19,  1886.  The 
Ninth  District  Station-House  is  at  Twenty-third  and  Brown  streets, 
and  the  district  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Poplar  Street,  south 
by  Vine  Street,  east  by  Broad  Street,  and  'west  by  Fairmount 
Park  and  the  Schuylkill  River.  The  Eastern  Penitentiary,  the 
Boys'  House  of  Refuge,  Baldwin's  Locomotive  Works,  the  Read- 
ing Railroad's  Freight  Parks,  William  Wood's  Woollen  Mills, 
Alexander  Crow  &  Son's  Carpet  Mills,  James  Moore's  Iron  Works, 
the  Keystone  Watch  Factory,  several  breweries,  besides  a  number 
of  other  silk,  woollen,  and  cotton  mills,  carpet  factories,  foun- 
dries and  machine  shops,  spice  mills,  smelting  works,  braid  mills, 
soap  factories,  dye  houses,  tool  works  and  cabinet  manufactories 


460  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

are  in  this  district.  As  are  also  the  Home  for  Soldiers'  Orphans 
and  a  large  number  of  handsome  residences. 

The  Ninth  District  is  one  comparatively  free  from  crime,  but 
recently  a  murder  occurred  within  its  limits.  Early  in  the  evening 
of  December  19,  1886,  three  men  entered  the  saloon  of  Peter 
Kane  at  No.  2022  Callowhill  Street,  and  called  for  drinks.  After 
they  had  had  them,  the  men  refused  to  pay  their  score.  An  alter- 
cation ensued  between  them  and  Kane,  and  the  latter  was  attacked. 
The  assailants  threw  plates  and  other  missiles  at  the  saloon- 
keeper, and  a  large  heavy  spittoon,  hurled  by  one  of  them,  struck 
the  unfortunate  man  in  the  forehead,  cutting  a  deep  gash  and 
knocking  him  down.  As  Kane  fell,  one  of  the  attacking  party 
stabbed  him  with  a  long  bread-knife  in  the  back.  The  blade  pen- 
etrated to  a  depth  of  eight  inches  and  was  then  bent.  It  inflicted 
a  wound  from  the  effects  of  which  Kane  died  the  next  day  at  the 
German  hospital.  Immediately  after  the  affray  and  stabbing 
Sergeant  Moore  and  officers  Aikens  and  Toner  of  the  Ninth 
District  arrested  Pennsylvania  Oxley,  James  Monaghan  and 
William  Gilfillan  for  the  crime.  They  were  "given  a  hearing  and 
committed  without  bail  for  the  murder  of  Kane.  They  are  now 
in  Moyamensing  prison  awaiting  trial. 

Sergeant  JOSEPH  SHILLING  was  born  March  27,  1829. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  McMichael,  Feb- 
ruary i,  1866,  and  served  as  a  patrolman  until  September,  1875, 
when  he  was  promoted  to  the  sergeancy  of  the  Ninth  District, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

Sergeant  ISAAC  MOORE  was  born  November  3,  1852.  He 
was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  February,  1874. 
He  resigned  from  the  force  in  1877,  and  was  reappointed  as  ser- 
geant of  the  Ninth  District  by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884. 

Since  Sergeant  Moore's  connection  with  the  department,  among 
other  important  arrests  made  by  him  were  the  following :  January 
22,  1875,  he  arrested  Daniel  Collins  for  attempted  robbery:  sen- 
tenced to  one  year  s  imprisonment.  July  14,  1884,  arrested  George 
Gouldy  for  robbing  William  James  of  a  gold  watch  and  $300  in 
money:  sentenced  to  eight  months'  imprisonment.  July  20,  1884, 
arrested  Peter  McGinley  for  burglary  :  sentenced  to  two  years  in 
the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  On  February  14,  1885,  Sergeant  Moore 
arrested  John  Lewsey  for  burglary  :  sentenced  to  eighteen  months' 
imprisonment. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  461 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  H.  SHAFFER  was  born  August 
24,  1846.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Fox, 
in  February,  1869. 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  SMITH  was  born  in  Leicester, 
England,  June  18,  1842.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  Octo- 
ber, 1849  August  30,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  Fifty-eighth 
Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  wounded  at  Cold  Har- 
bor June  3,  1864.  He  was  discharged  July  i,  1865.  Appointed 
operator  in  the  police  and  fire-alarm  telegraph  by  Superintendent 
Philips,  August  15,  1868,  and  when  that  department,  was  merged 
into  the  police  department  in  1875  he  was  appointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  house-sergeant.  He  resigned  from  the  force  May  15 
1879,  and  was  reappointed  house-sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  July 
10,  1884. 

GEORGE  D.  HUMPHRIES,  special  officer,  was  born  January 
2,  1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  12;  1874,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

ANDREW  M.  RICHARDS,  special  officer,  was  born  March 
14,  1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  10,  1876,  by  Mayor 
Stokley ;  served  two  years  and  five  months,  when  he  resigned. 
Reappointed  March  19,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ARCHIBALD  GRIFFITH  was  born  May  26,  1848.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He  re- 
signed April  14,  1881,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
May,  1884. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  was  born  August  10,  1835.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

WILLIAM  H.  NAGLE  was  born  October  4,  1860.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  27,  1885. 

JOHN  QUERNS  was  born  March  6,  1861.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  20,  1884. 

BENJAMIN  McMANES  was  born  September  i,  1853.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  2,  1878. 

PHILIP  BERRY  was  born  in  the  year  1834.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872.  He  was  dis- 
charged by  Mayor  King  in  July,  1882,  and  reappointed  to  the 
force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  8,  1885. 

WILLIAM  MITCHELL  was  born  February  2,  1836.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in  June,  1858,  and 
was  displaced  by  Mayor  Fox  April,  1870.  He  was  reappointed  by 


462  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872  ;  resigned  April  i,  1875,  and  again 
reappointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1879. 

WILLIAM  HAWORTH  was  born  September  16, 1832.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  5,  1877. 

RICHARD  VAUGHAN  was  born  April  19,  1849.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  August  12,  1875. 

GEORGE  MORGAN  was  born  August  7,  1842.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JOHN  MILLER  was  born  December  8,  1885.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  August,  1880.  Resigned  in 
August,  1881,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  April  10,  1885. 

THOMAS  KENNEDY  was  bom  September  28,  1841.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  16,  1886. 

JOHN  J.  STANTON  was  born  May  10,  1858.'  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  26,  1885. 

CHARLES  HICKLEY  was  born  May  5,  1834.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  August  14,  1864.  He  was  dis- 
placed by  Mayor  Fox  April  i,  1870,  and  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  April  i,  1872.  Patrolman  Hickley  arrested  Francis  Ca- 
valli,  burglar,  in  March,  1866,  who  was  sentenced  to  four  years' 
imprisonment. 

GEORGE  McEWAN  was  born  September  6,  1842.  Appointed 
to  the'  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in  May,  1863.  Resigned  in 
1864  to  enter  the  service  of  United  States  Government ;  reappointed 
to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872.  September  18,  1878, 
Patrolman  McEwan  arrested  John  Brady  for  highway  robbery  : 
sentenced  to  two  years  and  six  months  in  the  penitentiary.  Octo- 
ber 8,  1876,  he  arrested  Ishmael  Jones  for  an  outrageous  assault 
on  a  seven-year-old  girl.  Sentenced  to  fifteen  years  in  the  peni- 
tentiary. Also  arrested  James  Ferguson,  alias  "  Funny  Jim,"  and 
John  McManes,  for  burglary :  sentenced  to  ten  and  six  years  re- 
spectively in  the  penitentiary;  George  Laughlin,  alias  "  Skinny," 
for  robbery  :  sentenced  to  eight  months'  imprisonment. 

JOHN  H.  RICHARDS  was  born  September  16,  1848.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  January  16,  1886. 

JOHN  A.  SUPPLEE  was  born  November  4,  1843.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  7,  1874. 

JOHN  P.  GRIFFITH  was  born  October  2,  1842.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  August  13,  1875,  ^Y  Mayor  Stokley.  In  January, 
1877,  Patrolman  Griffith  arrested  J.  J.  Williams  and  William  Wil- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  463 

liams  for  making  and  passing  counterfeit  money.  He  captured 
their  press  and  dies  :  sentenced  to  five  years  each  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary.  For  this  arrest  and  capture,  Patrolman  Griffith  was 
complimented  by  Chief  Brooks  of  the  National  Secret  Service. 

JAMES  BRINES  was  born  January  19,  1842.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  May  8,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  A.  SNYDER  was  born  September  4,  1854.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  August  4,  1879. 

PHILIP  LOGAN  was  born  September  3,  1846.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  May  20,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  COPPES  was  born  February  2,  1839.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  September  i,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  W.  MORRIS  was  born  December  27,  1853.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  November  12,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  CROW  was  born  August  to,  1851.  Appointed*  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  20,  1884. 

E.  C.  LEWIS  was  born  on  March  i,  1842.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November  21,  1872,  and  served 
three  years.  Was  reappointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
November  20,  1884. 

GEORGE  T.  SNYDER  was  born  September  27,  1848.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  February  20,  1878. 

JOHN  F.  PETERSON  was  born  April  16,  1840.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  i,  1874. 

DAVID  STEELE  was  born  May  n,  1841.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  10,  1877. 

ANDREW  WALLACE  was  born  April  23,  1836.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  10,  1876. 

GEORGE  FOSTER  was  born  June  n,  1848.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  i,  1873,  and  served  one 
year  and  three  months.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  force  June 
24,  1880,  by  the  same  Mayor. 

RALPH  BRYAN  was  born  March  10,  1842.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  July  21,  1872. 

JOHN  ROTHERMEL  was  born  September  19,  1851.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  15,  1877. 

ROBERT  MOFFIT  was  born  April  12,  1841.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  3,  1878. 

GEORGE  W.  W.  SOUDER  was  born  December  9,  1854.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  August  29,  1881,  by  Mayor  King. 


464  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

HENRY  CLAYTON  was  born  February  23,  1840.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  February  9,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  L.  THORNE  was  born  August  24,  1833.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  May  10,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  C.  HAMILTON  was  born  July  12,  1852.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  August  12,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  L.  WILHELM,  who  died  January  i,  1887,  was  born 
January  29,  1831.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Conrad  in  September,  1854,  under  whom  he  served  two 
years  ;  under  Mayor  Henry  four  years  ;  Mayor  Stokley  six  years  ; 
Mayor  King  three  years,  and  under  the  present  administration 
until  his  death.  Had  this  veteran  officer  lived  until  April  i,  his 
family  would  have  received  the  benefit  of  the  Police  Pension 
Fund.  No  stronger  example  could  be  named  for  the  need  of 
such  a  fund  than  the  record  of  a  life  devoted  to  the  public  ser- 
vice, and  finding  at  its  end  no  provision  made  for  those  dependent 
upon  it  for  a  livelihood. 

WITTINGTON  DURHAM  was  born  September  20,  1841. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  December  10,  1873,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

JOHN  McKENNA  was  born  May  15,  1850.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  28,  1884. 

JAMES  DONNELLY  was  born  May  i,  1834.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  6,  1881. 

EDWARD  AUBLE  was  born  September  4,  1838.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  16,  1872. 

WILLIAM  McCORKELL  was  born  June  12,  1843.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  McMichael  in  September,  1866,  and 
served  two  years.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  January  i,  1872,  and  served  six  years.  Reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  January  16,  1886. 

JOHN  ROONEY  was  born  May  3,  1838.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  April  3,  1869,  by  Mayor  Fox. 

WILLIAM  J.  IRWIN  was  born  September  6,  1846.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  November  8,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  BALL  was  born  August  28,  1846.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  November  12,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  ASHMAN  was  born  September  14,  1857.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  27,  1885. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


465 


WILLIAM  H.  HAMILTON  was  born  August  14,  1844.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  January  28,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Patrolman  Hamilton  arrested,  in  1872,  James  Mcllhenny  for  as- 
sault with  intent  to  kill  :  sentenced  to  five  years  in  the  peniten- 
tiary ;  September  n,  1873,  John  Laws,  for  larceny  of  a  watch: 
sentenced  to  two  years  in  the  penitentiary;  October  13,  i873) 
George  McLaughlin,  for  the  larceny  of  a  watch  ;  June  14,  1876, 
William  Green,  for  horse  stealing,  and  August  16,  1876,  John 
S:arr,  for  larceny. 

ROBERT  ORR  was  born- February  i,  1841.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  June  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JACOB  WOBENSMITH  was  born  September  13,  1856.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  20,  1884. 

JOHN  TONKR  was  born  November  10,  1858.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  May  10,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ALEXANDER  AIKEN  was  born  April  i,  1849.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  May  10,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

OSCAR  ALLISON  was  born  February  25,  1848.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  August  14.  1883,  by  Mayor  King. 

CHARLES  HUGHES  was  born  October  15,  1854.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  February  12,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

H.  H.  COURTNEY  was  born  June  27,  1847.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  May  6,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  GREEN  was  born  August  16,  1847.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  10,  1886. 

WILLIAM  F.  SNODGRASS  was  born  October  10,  1849.  Ap 
pointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  16,  1886. 

HARRY  SP1RTZEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  24, 
1856.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  30,  1882,  by  Mayor 
King. 

JOHN  MALCOMSON  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  January  18,  1887. 

THOMAS  PATTERSON,  turnkey,  was  born  November  26, 
1849.  Appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  28,  1884. 

SUBSTITUTE    PATROLMEN. 

THADEUS  H.  BRADY  was  bom  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty- 
six  years   old.     Appointed   to  the  police  force   in  July,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.     Served    two  years  and   resigned.     Reappointed 
3° 


466  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

May  20,  1884,  and  again  resigned  May  i,  1885.  Reappolnted  by 
Mayor  Smith  February  19,  1886. 

E.  H.  GOVENS  was  born  September  14,  1856.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  10,  1886. 

T.  H.  WATTERMAN  was  born  January  n,  1854.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  May  10,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  PELHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  16, 
1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  18,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

JOSEPH  RALSTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  n,  1851. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  December  14,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

HENRY  STRATTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  18,  1864. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  December  22,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


467 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued). 

TENTH,  ELEVENTH  AND  TWELFTH  DISTRICTS,  AND  THE 
SUB-STATIONS. — LIEUTENANT  BEALE  RAIDS  THE  GREAT 
COCKING  MAIN.— SERGEANTS  MCCLAIN,  STECK,  DOUGH- 
ERTY AND  COOPER. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEU- 
TENANT WOOD'S  GREAT  MANUFACTURING  DISTRICT. — 
SERGEANTS  MURRAY,  GILBERT,  WILSON  AND  LINTH1 
CUM. — SPECIAL  OFFICER  KENNEY'S  MISHAPS  IN  THE 
SERVICE. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTENANT  KIM- 
BLE'S  IMPORTANT  ARRESTS. — SERGEANT  BRODE'S 
THIRTY-FIVE  YEARS'  SERVICE. — SERGEANT  JEFFRIES 
FOUR  BULLET  WOUNDS. — SERGEANTS  DEPERVEN  AND 
ASHTON. — SPECIAL  OFFICER  EHRMAN. — RECORDS  OF 
THE  MEN.— SYSTEM  AND  LOCATION  OF  SUB-STATIONS. 

THE  TENTH   DISTRICT. 

CHARLES  E.  BEALE,  lieutenant  of  the  Tenth  Police  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  5,  1838.  He  attended  the 
Mount  Vernon  school,  on  Catherine  Street  above  Third,  until  his 
thirteenth  year,  when  he  went  to  work  as  an  errand  boy.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  went  on  a  whaling  voyage,  being  absent  three 
years,  and  then  shipped  on  a  merchant  vessel  plying  between 
Philadelphia  and  the  West  Indies.  When  twenty-one  years  old 
he  forsook  the  water  and  turned  his  hand  to  farming  in  New 
Jersey.  At  the  first  call  for  volunteers  for  three  months'  servicej 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  Mr.  Beale  enlisted  in  the  old  National 
Guards  Regiment,  the  Nineteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  as  a 
private.  He  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  1861,  and  engaged 
in  the  milk  business  until  1863,  when,  on  March  n,  he  was 
appointed  on  the  police  force  as  a  substitute  by  Mayor  Henry. 
April  i,  1863,  he  was  made  a  regular  officer.  At  the  time  Vol- 


468  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

unteers  were  called  out  for  emergency  service,  when  the  State 
was  threatened,  Officer  Beale  was  the  first  man  to  volunteer  in 
the  Henry  Guards,  at  the  Tenth  Police  District  Station-House. 
The  commander,  Captain  Spear,  was  then  lieutenant  of  that 
district.  After  being  mustered  out  of  the  emergency  service, 
he  continued  on  the  police  force.  April  15,  1867,  Patrolman 
Beale  was  promoted  to  sergeant.  He  served  under  mayors  Henry 
and  McMichael  and  Mayor  Fox  until  May,  1869,  when  he  re- 
signed to  accept  the  position  of  Deputy  U.  S.  Marshal.  In 
1870,  he  was  appointed  bailiff  in  the  United  States  Court,  which 
post  he  held  until  1872.  • 

Upon  Mayor  Stokley's  inauguration,  January  i,  1872,  he  ten- 
dered to  Beale  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Tenth  Police  District,  which 
he  accepted,  and  has  filled  the  position  since,  serving  through  the 
administration  of  mayors  Stokley,  King  and  Smith,  to  the  pres- 
ent time.  Lieutenant  Beale  has  made,  during  his  connection  with 
the  police  department,  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  arrests  for 
larceny,  robbery,  and  burglary.  On  February  8,  1872,  he  planned 
and  executed  a  raid  of  the  largest  cocking  main  ever  known  to  have 
been  fought  in  the  United  States,  at  Mullins'  place,  No.  310  Master 
Street.  He  captured  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  prisoners,  who 
were  present  at  the  cock-fight,  seventy-three  of  whom  were  fined 
and  committed.  The  others  were  discharged  on  the  ground  that 
they  were  in  the  bar-room  connected  with  the  place,  and  when  the 
descent  was  made  by  the  officers  were  not  witnessing  the  fight. 
The  arrests  were  made  by  Lieutenant  Beale  and  thirty-seven  offi- 
cers. Twenty-seven  men  were  used  to  guard  the  prisoners,  while 
ten  others  carried  squads  of  them  to  the  station-house.  In  Feb- 
ruary and  March,  1886,  he,  with  Captain  Quirk  and  detectives 
Bond  and  Donaghy,  arrested  a  gang  of  notorious  burglars,  known 
as  the  Tate  and  Wilson  gang.  Sam  Tate  was  a  safe-blower ; 
John  Clayton,  alias  Charles  Wilson,  Christopher  Chopaz,  alias 
"  Dutch  Gus,"  of  the  crowd  were  sentenced  to  eight  and  ten  years' 
imprisonment  respectively  ;  Matthew  Conner,  the  receiver  of  the 
stolen  goods,  to  three  years,  and  Sam  Tate  and  Henry  O'Don- 
nell  to  two  years  each.  Mayor  Smith  sent  a  letter  to  Lieutenant 
Beale  .and  the  other  officers  connected  with  him  in  these  cap- 
tures, complimenting  them  highly  for  the  arrests.  Lieutenant 
Beale's  connection  with  the  police  department  has  extended  over 
twenty-one  years.  The  Tenth  District  Station-House  is  located 


CHARLES  E.  BEALE, 

Lieutenant  of  the  Tenth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  4yj 

on  the  east  side  of  Front  Street  above  Master.  The  district  com- 
prises the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  wards,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  south  by  Poplar  Street,  north  by  Oxford,  west  by  Sixth 
Street  and  on  the  east  by  Frankford  Avenue  and  the  Delaware 
River.  Within  its  boundaries  are  the  following  important  buildings 
which  the  officers  of  the  Tenth  have  to  guard:  the  Eighth  Na- 
tional Bank,  Kensington  National  Bank,  Dornan  Bros.  &  Co.'s 
Carpet  Mills,  the  Star  Mills,  and  other  large  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments. 

Sergeant  JOHN  McCLAIN  was  born  February  5,  1828,  in  the 
city  of  Coleraine,  County  Deny,  Ireland.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  when  he  was  six  years  old,  living  at  Summit  Hill,  Carbon 
County,  this  State.  At  an  early  age  he  was  employed  in  the 
coal  mines  as  a  driver.  In  1844  he  came  to  Philadelphia,  find- 
ing various  employments,  and  finally  learned  the  trade  of  machine 
moulding.  McClain  was  a  member  of  the  Globe  Engine  Com- 
pany, in  the  old  volunteer  fire  department.  He  was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  June  10,  1858.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war,  in  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  for  three  months' 
service,  and  was  mustered  out  at  the  expiration  of  that  time.  He 
re-entered  the  police  service  and  continued  on  the  force  until 
1864,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  U  S.  Navy  for  one  year.  Being 
again  mustered  out,  he  was  employed  in  the  Philadelphia  Gas 
Works,  and  in  1866  was  again  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  McMichael.  He  served  a  short  time  under  Mayor  Fox 
and  then  resigned.  On  January  i,  1872,  Mayor  Stokley  appointed 
him  again  to  the  police  force,  where  he  has  served  since.  He  was 
promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1880.  Sergeant  Me 
Clain  has  served  over  twenty-five  years  on  the  Philadelphia  po- 
lice force,  and  has  to  his  credit  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  C.  STECK  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
January  20,  1846,  and  learned  the  trade  of  undertaking.  He  en- 
listed in  the  4Qth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  as  a  private, 
for  three  months'  service,  in  June,  1863,  and  was  discharged  in 
September  the  same  year.  He  re-enlisted  in  the  ii2th  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  February  8,  1864,  and  served  in  that 
regiment  until  the  following  September,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Horse  Battery  B,  U.  S.  Artillery  Regulars.  He  was  dis- 
charged February  8,  1866.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  Steck  a  pa- 


472  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

trolman  May  2,  1876,  and  he  was  promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor 
Smith  May  u,  1884. 

House-Sergeant  JAMES  DOUGHERTY  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia December  29,  1836,  and  learned  the  trade  of  brick-mak- 
ing. He  enlisted  in  the  army  as  a  private,  August  10,  1861,  in 
the  72d  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  severely 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  September  17,  1862.  After 
his  discharge  from  the  army  he  learned  telegraph  operating,  and 
was  appointed  by  Superintendent  Philips  of  the  police  and  fire 
telegraph  as  an  operator  January  i,  1870.  He  was  merged  into 
the  police  department  with  the  rank  of  house-sergeant  under 
Mayor  Stokley  and  has  held  the  position  since. 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  COOPER  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia May  24,  1846.  By  trade  he  is  an  ornamental  painter.  He 
enlisted  in  1863,  in  the  ngth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
for  three  years'  service,  and  was  wounded  in  front  of  Petersburg 
June  2,  1865,  by  a  piece  of  shell.  He  was  appointed  to  the  po- 
lice force  by  Mayor  Stokley  July  5,  1875,  and  promoted  to  house- 
sergeant  September  i,  1879. 

AUGUST  MUTH  was  born  in  Germany  July  3,  1833.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  i,  1876. 

JOSEPH  BAUSCH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  i, 
1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  July  17, 
1884. 

CLAYTON  L.  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  24, 
1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October 

5,  i»75- 

CHARLES  E.  CLARK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 

23,  1860.     Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  8, 
1885. 

SAMUEL  MULHOLLAND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January 

24,  1826.     Enlisted  in  Second  Corn    Exchange    Regiment    Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers  for  three  months'  service.     Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1873.    Resigned  April  i, 
1873.     Reappointed  in    1878,  and  again  left  the    force.     He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December,  1884. 

MICHAEL  BINDER  was  born  in  Germany  October  15,  1843. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  army  during  the  late  war  in  the 
Seventy-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  July  2,  1872. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


473 


ISAAC  G.  WILLIAMSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  18, 
1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  July  26, 
1873.  Patrolman  Williamson  arrested  Harry  Manice  for  burglary, 
May  28,  1875  ;  sentenced  to  ten  years'  imprisonment,  and  on  Jan- 
uary 21,  1876,  arrested  James  Pollis  and  George  James  for  burg- 
lary, who  were  also  convicted. 

LEWIS  REMY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  20,  1846. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  March  8,  1879. 

MATTHEW  McCARRON  was  born  in  Ireland.  April  10,  1850. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  November  7, 
1879. 

JOSHUA  HOLLINGSWORTH  was  born  in  Ireland  April 
28,  1836.  Enlisted  in  the  United  States  Navy  in  1863  and  served 
until  1865.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  bv  Mayor  Stokley 
May  9,  1872. 

WILLIAM  NEWTON  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  May 
22,  1838.  Enlisted  as  a  sergeant  in  the  Forty-third  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Artillery  July  24,  1861,  and  served  until  September, 
1862,  when  he  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  incurred 
while  in  action.  Re  enlisted  as  a  corporal  for  three  months' 
service  for  the  emergency,  June,  1863,  in  the  Fifty-ninth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  May  i,  1876. 

HENRY  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  5,  1856. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  2,  1884. 

ROBERT  CRAWFORD  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  January 
13,  1839.  He  enlisted  in  the  Sixty-eighth  Regiment  Scott  Legion 
August  14,  1862,  and  was  taken  prisoner  July  2,  1863,  at  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg.  After  thirteen  weeks  he  was  exchanged, 
and  joined  his  regiment,  in  which  he  served  until  the  end  of  the 
war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  December 
5,  1872. 

CHARLES  BASH  was  born  in  Germany  January  20,  1845. 
Enlisted  in  the  165111  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers  June  17, 
1864  ;  discharged  September  17,  1865.  Appointed  on  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  June  14,  1873. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  28,  1858. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  6,  1884. 

FREDERICK  CARLIN    was  born  in    Philadelphia,  October 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

16,  1846.  Was  a  teamster  in  the  army  during  the  late  war.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  i,  1872. 

WILLIAM  S.  HERSEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  23, 
1834.  Enlisted  -in  the  army  in  1861,  and  served  two  years. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  12,  1886. 

FRANK  COULTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  6, 
1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  21, 
1885. 

GEORGE  AIRD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  15,  1852. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  2,  1876. 

JOHN  MILLS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  22,  1856. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  10,  1884. 

LEWIS  S.  RUE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  24,  1828. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

GEORGE  PETERMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  September 
u,  1834.  September  20,  1861,  enlisted  in  the  Eighty-eighth  Reg- 
iment Pennsylvania  Volunteers  ;  discharged  February  27,  1863, 
for  disability  incurred  during  service.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley  July  7,  1873. 

PHILIP  PRIFOLD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  26, 
1829.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January 
i,  1872. 

CHRISTIAN  KELLER  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
June  25,  1849.  Enlisted  May  14,  1867,  in  the  Twelfth  Regiment 
United  States  Infantry ;  re-enlisted  May  30,  1870,  in  Third 
United  States  Cavalry  as  corporal,  and  was  discharged  in  1875. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  2,  1884. 

HENRY  A.  STIRK  was  born  in  Doylestown  Pennsylvania, 
August  6,  1842.  Enlisted  in  the  United  States  Navy  April  19, 
1861  ;  discharged  June  15,  1864.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  January  10,  1874 ;  served  five  months  and 
resigned.  Was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  31,  1884. 

JOHN  J.  WALLS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  24,  1852. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smirh  June  2,  1884. 

JAMES  KIRBY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  22,  1845. 
Enlisted  in  2151!!  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  April,  1865, 
and  was  discharged  in  September  of  the  same  year.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  7,  1874. 

CHARLES  HEFT  was  born  April  19,  1859.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  March  29,  1885. 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


475 


SAMUEL  B.  HARRING  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  April  n, 
1843.  Served  in  io4th  and  2i4th  regiments  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers during  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  March 
6,  1869,  by  Mayor  Fox,  and  served  until  January,  1872.  Was 
reappointed  by  Mayor  King  February  i,  1883. 

SAMUEL  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  12,  1847. 
Enlisted  in  the  Ninety-eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 
September  10,  1861  ;  re-enlisted  December  23,  1863,  as  a  corporal ; 
discharged  June  23,  1865 ;  re-enlisted  in  Company  H,  United 
States  Cavalry,  February  i,  1869;  discharged  February  i,  1874. 
Was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  May  18,  1864,  and 
at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
December  20,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

FREDERICK  RETTER  was  born  in  Germany  October  6, 
1847.  Enlisted  as  a  private  in  Battery  B,  First  Division  Artillery, 
Regular  Army,  May  21,  1866,  and  served  five  years.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  31,  1884. 

WILLIAM  H.  BOYER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  13, 
1837.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  23,  1872,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

FREDERICK  BREGLER  was  born  in  Germany  October 
10,  1844.  Enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  ii2th  Regiment  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  in  January,  1864-,  also  served  in  the  Fourth 
Union  League  Regiment.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  Decem- 
ber 24,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  W.  HILSEE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  4,  1860. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  8,  1884.  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  N.  MORWOOD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Sep- 
tember 18,  1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  12,  1884, 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  A.  CRAIG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  23, 
1850.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  u, 
1876. 

CHARLES  SEMLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  20,  1849. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  13,  1884. 

DANIEL  SEXSMITH  was  born  in  Wheeling,  West  Virginia, 
March  4,  1842.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  August  i,  1881,  by 
Mayor  King. 

HARRY  LAYRE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  7,  1854.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  May  9,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 


476  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

ENGLEBERT  YOUNG  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, August  18,  1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  Jan. 
uary  7,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

GEORGE  W.  BOYD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  14, 
1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  April  13, 
1886. 

DAVID  T.  SMITH  was  born  in  Ireland  on  August  14,  1845. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January, 
1872,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  on  the  Delaware  Harbor  squad. 
He  left  the  department  after  serving  a  year  and  a  half.  He 
was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  10,  1886,  and 
assigned  to  the  Tenth  District.  He  was  afterward  detailed  to  the 
Reserve  Corps.  He  served  during  the  late  war  in  the  United 
States  Navy  both  as  a  marine  and  a  sailor. 

PATRICK  McMAHON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  6, 
1854.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  on 
March  28,  1883  ;  resigned  June  7,  1884,  and  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  September  27,  1886. 

BENJAMIN  OCHS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  16,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  Decem- 
ber i,  1886. 

JAMES  C.  STIRK  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  August  27,  1847. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  No- 
vember 18,  1880;  resigned  April  10,  1885,  and  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  December  7,  1886. 

JAMES  H.  MULVEY  was  born  Philadelphia  on  November  8, 
1854.  He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  in  August,  1878,  and  served 
three  years.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  on  June  8,  1882, 
by  Mayor  King;  resigned  March  31,  1886,  and  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  October  13,  1886.  Officer  Mulvey  arrested,  on 
September  3,  1883,  Emma  Bickel  for  the  murder,  by  shooting,  of 
John  Morrow.  She  was  adjudged  insane  and  sent  to  the  Norris- 
town  Insane  Asylum.  He  also  arrested  John  Coughlan  for  assault 
with  intent  to  kill,  on  January  2,  1883,  and  Frederick  Fisher,  for 
larceny,  on  November  3,  1886. 

JOSEPH  JARVIS,  turnkey,  was  born  in  England  March  18, 
1842.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October 
20,  1872. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


SUBSTITUTE     PATROLMEN. 


477 


WILLIAM  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Ireland,  June  21,  1839.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  8,  1876. 
Resigned  February  15,  1882,  and  was  reappointed  as  substitute 
patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  28,  1887. 

GEORGE  W.  SELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  28, 
1877;  resigned  January  31,  1879,  and  was  reappointed  as  substi- 
tute patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  8,  1887. 

CHARLES  F.  SEXTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  21, 
1854.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  on 
January  26,  1882  ;  resigned  March  31,  1886,  and  was  reappointed 
as  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  7,  1886. 

THE   ELEVENTH    DISTRICT. 

GEORGE  WOOD,  lieutenant  of  the  Eleventh  District,  was  born 
in  Manchester,  England,  January  3,  1836.  His  father  brought 
him  to  this  country  when  George  was  but  four  years  old,  finding 
a  home  in  Manayunk.  At  an  early  age  young  Wood  was  appren- 
ticed to  the  trade  of  brass  moulding.  After  serving  his  apprentice- 
ship, he  worked  at  his  trade  until  he  enlisted  in  the  i86th  Regi- 
ment Pennsylvania  "Volunteers,  on  February  23,  1864.  Soon  after 
his  enlistment  Mr.  Wood  was  made  a  corporal  and  was  assigned 
to  detached  duty.  He  was  stationed  at  the  barracks  at  Fifth  and 
Buttonwood  streets,  this  city,  for  about  a  year,  and  was  detailed  to 
carry  deserters  from  Philadelphia  back  to  their  regiments.  While 
performing  this  duty  he  made  trips  to  Alexandria,  Va.,  Jacksonville, 
Florida,  and  to  various  points  in  Pennsylvania  and  other  Northern 
states.  He  was  afterwards  transferred  to  Fort  Mifflin,  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  where  part  of  his  regiment  was  stationed  on  guard 
duty. 

When  the  organized  resistance  was  made  to  the  draft  towards 
the  close  of  the  war,  in  the  vicinity  of  Bloomsburg,  Penn.,  the  com- 
mand to  which  Corporal  Wood  was  attached,  under  General  Cad- 
wallader,  was  ordered  to  that  place  to  enforce  order  and  assist  the 
officers  charged  with  making  the  draft.  His  regiment,  with  others, 
was  on  duty  several  weeks,  encamped  on  Fishing  Creek.  Between 
six  and  seven  hundred  prisoners  were  captured  by  the  troops,  and 


478  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

brought  to  Philadelphia.  Corporal  Wood  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  with  his  regiment  at  Fort 
Mifflin. 

Upon  Mayor  Stokley's  inauguration  on  January  i,  1872,  he  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Wood  sergeant  of  police,  and  assigned  him  to  duty 
in  the  Eleventh  District.  He  was  promoted  to  the  lieutenancy  on 
March  i,  1881,  by  the  Mayor  who  had  first  appointed  him  to  the 
force.  Lieutenant  Wood,  in  his  more  than  fifteen  years  of  service 
in  the  Eleventh  District,  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests, 
some  of  them  being  of  dangerous  criminals.  Years  ago  the  Elev- 
enth District  had  within  its  limits  much  of  the  rougher  element, 
with  which  its  officers  had  to  deal;  but  that  is  changed  now,  and  it 
is  one  of  the  most  orderly  in  the  city.  The  Delaware  River  front, 
from  Laurel  Street  to  Lehigh  Avenue,  is  under  the  care  of  Lieuten 
ant  Wood's  men,  and  the  rescue  of  persons  from  drowning  forms 
no  small  part  of  the  duties  of  the  patrolmen  stationed  along  that 
beat  during  the  summer  months.  This  part  of  the  river  is  a  favor- 
ite resort  for  boating  parties  and  bathing,  a  large  number  of  boat- 
houses  being  located  about  Otis  Street  wharf. 

Lieutenant  Wood  is  attached  to  his  men,  and  enjoys  their 
confidence  and  esteem.  He  has  made  it  one  of  his  rules 
since  he  has  filled  the  lieutenancy  of  the  district,  to  bestow 
all  proper  credit  on  his  men  when  they  have  distinguished  them- 
selves by  an  important  arrest  or  any  other  clever  piece  of  work. 
His  station-house  is  at  No.  615  East  Girard  Avenue.  His  district 
extends  from  the  Delaware  River  at  Laurel  Street  to  Frankford 
Avenue,  along  Frankford  Avenue  to  Norris  Street,  along  Norris 
Street  to  Gunner's  Run,  to  Lehigh  Avenue,  to  the  Delaware  River. 
His  is  one  of  the  greatest  manufacturing  districts  in  the  city,  and 
contains  potteries,  lead  and  glass  works,  machinery  and  engine 
works,  ship-yards,  pump  and  block  works,  saw  and  planing  mills, 
door  and  sash  factories,  chair  factories,  rolling  mills,  file  works, 
ice  depots,  extensive  coal  yards,  sugar  refineries,  oil  works,  knit 
goods  and  carpet  manufactories,  wagon  works,  stove  works,  wire 
factories,  distilleries,  and  dye  houses.  The  winter  quarters  of 
Forepaugh's  Menagerie  and  Circus,  Morse  &  Son's  grain  eleva- 
tor, St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Pennsylvania  Widows'  Asylum,  Cramp  & 
Co.'s  extensive  dry  docks,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Freight 
Depot  at  Beach  and  Laurel  streets,  and  the  extensive  coal  yards 


GEORGE  WOOD, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Eleventh  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  481 

of  the  Reading  Railroad  on  the  Delaware  River  are  also  in  the 
Eleventh  District. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  MURRAY  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, July  10,  1829.  By  trade  he  is  a  plumber.  He  served  one 
year  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  as  fireman.  He  was  first  appointed  to 
the  police  force  as  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Henry,  June  n,  1858, 
and  has  served  a  quarter  of  a  century  on  the  force  as  patrolman, 
sergeant  and  lieutenant.  His  present  position  is  sergeant  of  the 
Eleventh  District. 

Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  GILBERT  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
January  22,  1845.  He  enlisted  in  Company  D,  21 4th  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  March  20,  1865,  as  a  private,  and  was 
discharged  a  corporal  September  7,  1865,  for  disability  incurred  in 
the  service.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  March  20,  1876,  and  promoted  to  sergeant  March  10,  1881. 

House-Sergeant  LORENZO  F.  WILSON  was  born  in  Millville, 
N.  J.,  January  4,  1838,  and  learned  telegraphy  as  a  business.  He 
served  in  the  88th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  as  color 
corporal,  having  enlisted  August  29,  1861.  He  lost  a  leg  at  the 
battle  of  Antietam.  He  was  discharged  November  30,  1862,  and 
appointed  police  telegraph  operator  December  i,  1873,  by  Super- 
intendent W.  J.  Philips.  He  has  been  house-sergeant  at  the 
Eleventh  District  over  thirteen  years. 

House-Sergeant  JOSEPH  LINTHICUM  was  born  at  Bridge- 
ton,  New  Jersey,  February  28,  1842.  He  was  appointed  house-ser- 
geant of  the  Eleventh  District  by  Mayor  Smith  October  22,  1886. 

CHARLES  C.  KENNEY,  special  officer  of  the  Eleventh  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  25,  1849.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  8,  1876.  He  was 
detailed  as  special  officer  by  Mayor  Smith  May  9,  1884.  On  Octo- 
ber 29,  1879,  Patrolman  Kenney  had  both  arms  and  his  nose 
broken  while  making  an  arrest,  and  on  February  25,  1885,  dur- 
ing the  carpet  weavers'  strike,  he  suffered  further  injury  in  the 
discharge  of  his  duty  by  the  breaking  of  the  sinews  of  his  right 
leg.  July  27,  1881,  he  arrested  Edward  Dossell,  alias  Dorsey,  for 
horse  stealing  :  sentenced  to  two  years  in  the  Eastern  Peniten- 
tiary. December  20,  1882,  arrested  George,  alias  "  Sloppy  "  Hoff- 
man, and  George  Martin  for  burglary :  sentenced  to  eighteen 
months'  imprisonment  each.  September  30,  1885,  he  arrested 
Charles  Blade  for  larceny  ;  John  Burdy  and  Ida  Buchanan  for 
3* 


482  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

conspiracy  and  drugging  a  girl  ;  October  18,  1874,  William  Mur- 
ray and  Peter  O'Rourke  for  forgery,  and  the  larceny  of  $600,  which 
Officer  Kenney  recovered  ;  November  29,  1884,  William  Arbuckle 
for  robbery  ;  December  19,  1884,  George  Steelman  for  highway 
robbery  ;  December  15,  1884,  John  Maguire  for  breaking  and  en- 
tering ;  May  9,  1885,  Charles  B.  Hoffner,  for  the  larceny  of  fifty 
watches;  May  8,  1885,  William  Tees,  for  lardeny  ;  July  3,  1885, 
Thomas  McNally  and  Robert  Dougherty  for  robbery,  all  of  whom 
were  convicted  of  the  crimes  with  which  they  were  charged  and 
received  various  sentences  of  imprisonment.  Officer  Kenney  has 
also  recovered  and  restored  to  the  owners  over  $2000  worth  of 
stolen  property. 

JOHN  LUFFBARRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  5,  1848. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  August  18,  1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  M.  BEIDERMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January 
16,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  6,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

ANANIAS  CARTON  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  New 
Jersey,  in  1845.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  6,  1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

SAMUEL  J.  PRICE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  19,  1839. 
He  served  in  the  army  two  years  and  one  month,  and  was  wounded 
in  the  left  hand  at  Munson's  Hill.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the 
battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  and  was  four  months  in  Libby  Prison.  His 
rank  was  orderly  sergeant.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JOHN  W.  HARMER  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  December  21, 
1825.  Was  first  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  June 
12,  1858,  and  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  22,  1872.  His 
term  of  service  is  nearly  twenty-seven  years. 

JOSEPH  H.  BRADSHAW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
26,  1827.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  four  years.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOSEPH  STROCKBINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February 
26,  1850.  Appointed  to  the  police  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  7,  1879. 
In  October,  1881,  he  arrested  Conrad  Heck,  who  attempted  to  kill 
his  wife.  Heck  was  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  Eastern  Pen- 
itentiary. 

JOHN  CROSSETT  was  born  in  Ireland  September  18,  1835. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  2,  1872. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  483 

THOMAS  R.  JONES  \vns  born  in  Wales  August  n,  1848. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  July  16,  1881,  by  Mayor  King.  He 
arrested,  December  15,  1884,  John  Maguire  for  burglary,  and  on 
August  25,  1885,  William,  alias  "Stump"  Malone,  for  stabbing 
John  O'Donnell.  Both  these  men  were  sentenced  to  terms  of  im- 
prisonment. 

ISAAC  HAMMITT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  19,  1822. 
First  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Conrad  June  3,  1854. 
Under  different  administrations  he  has  been  an  officer  about 
eighteen  years. 

JOHN  H.  CLUNN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  6,  1849. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  3,  1884. 

GEORGE  W.  TYSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  20, 
1819.  A  veteran  officer,  who  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
March  i,  1854,  by  Mayor  Conrad. 

GEORGE  W.  ABEL  was  born  in   Philadelphia  September  6, 

1843.  Appointed   to  the  police  force   May   20,  1874.   by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

CHARLES  W.  UHL  was  born  in  Germany  October  n,  1844. 
Enlisted  in  Company  A,  n8th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
July  7,  1862.  Discharged  June  6,  1865.  Was  wounded  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness  May  5,  1864,  being  shot  through  the  left 
leg.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  3,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley. 

JOHN  HARREN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  19,  1844. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  8,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  JACKSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  17, 

1844.  Enlisted   as  a  private,  February  n,  1862,  in   Co.  A,  g8th 
Regiment   Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was   discharged,  a  ser- 
geant, July  6,  1865.     Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  u,  1872, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  J.  HOWELL  was  born  in  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
October  13,  1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  April  16,  1878. 

JOHN  W.  WOOD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  3,  1844.  He 
enlisted  in  ig2d  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  June  10,  1864, 
and  was  discharged  at  the  end  of  the  war.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  October  12,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  H.  PIDGEON  was  born  in  Gloucester  County,  New 
Jersey,  April  13,  1844.  Enlisted,  June  19,  1861,  in  Co.  C,  Second 


484  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Regiment  Delaware  Volunteers,  for  three  years.  Was  taken  pris- 
oner at  Cold  Harbor,  Virginia,  June  3,  1864.  Was  discharged 
March  25,  1865.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  2,  1876,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

THOMAS  McLEES  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  the  year 
1838.  Enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  February  12,  1861,  and  was 
discharged  in  July,  1867.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JOHN  BALDWIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  28, 
1838.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Feb- 
ruary 24,  1879. 

CONRAD  LUTZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  31,  1842. 
Shipped  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  October  24,  1861,  and  was  discharged 
November  24,  1864.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  May  2,  1876. 

ROBERT  G.  CITHCART  was  born  in  Ireland  October  12, 
1843.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  14, 
1874. 

PETER  D.  JONES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  16,  1840. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  September  i,  1874. 

DALLAS  MYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  i,  1844. 
Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years  and  seven  months  as  a  pri- 
vate. Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  August  3. 
1878. 

JOHN  A.  WHITSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  6, 
1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  i, 
1876. 

SAMUEL  JONES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  6,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  24, 
1879. 

CHARLES  E.  BENNETT  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  7,  1879. 

GEORGE  E.  EAKINS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  22, 
1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  12,  1877,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

JACOB  CARVER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  13,  1846. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  3,  1884. 

CHARLES  A.  CRESS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  4,  1851. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  5,  1874. 
He  on  May  6,  1878,  arrested  George  Bazil,  for  manslaughter  ;  June 


PAST  AND   PRESENT. 


485 


12,  1881,  William  Creeby  and  William  Malone,  alias  "Stumps," 
for  highway  robbery,  who  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary. 

CHARLES  T.  NORRIS  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
July  31,  1841.  Enlisted  in  the  i2th  Regiment  New  Jersey  Vol- 
unteers as  a  private,  August  4,  1862,  and  served  two  years  and 
nine  months.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley, 
January  i,  1875. 

JOHN  CAHILL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  4,  1840.  En- 
listed, July  i,  1863,  in  Co.  C,  591)1  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers, and  was  discharged  September  9,  1863.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  8,  1884. 

CHRISTIAN  KLEINGUENTHER,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia March  10,  1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  June  3,  1884. 

JAMES  CURRY  was  born  in  Ireland  August  23,  1837.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  McMichael  May  5,  1867. 
During  his  service  he  has  saved  three  men  from  drowning ;  two  of 
them  at  Shackamaxon  Street  wharf,  and  one  at  Ridgeway  Park 
wharf.  Arrested  Devine  and  his  accomplice  for  highway  robbery, 
who  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary,  and  also  arrested  Mackin  and  Tomlinson,  river 
pirates,  who  were  sent  to  prison. 

ROBERT  GRAHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  19,  1850. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  July  29,  1872. 
Arrested  Francis  Marion,  on  April  14,  1875,  for  arson,  and,  August 
16,  1878,  Joseph  Flack  for  homicide. 

EDWARD  ROACH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  12,  1848. 
Enlisted  in  Company  B,  ig6th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
July  14,  1864.  Discharged,  November  17,  1864.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  May  10,  1884. 

AUGUSTUS  BLACK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  25, 
1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  10,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  W.  JONES  was  born  in  South  Wales  on  June  24, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
April  i,  1885. 

THOMAS  L.  STAFFORD,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
November  27,  1842.  Enlisted,  August  8,  1861,  in  the  io6th  Regi- 
ment Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was  discharged  for  disability 


486  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

contracted  in   the  service,    March    26,    1863.     Appointed  to   the 
police  force,  February  20,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

EDWARD  W.  FONTAIN  is  forty-five  years  old.  and  was  ap- 
pointed a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith,  January  12,  1886. 

THOMAS  PETERSON  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
April  n,  1886.  He  is  thirty-eight  years  old. 

JAMES  H.  HASLETT  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April 
1 6,  1886.  He  is  twenty-four  years  old. 

WILLIAM  WAGNER,  Jr.,  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
October  4,  r886.  He  is  twenty-eight  years  old. 

S.  H.  WEBB  is  twenty-eight  years  old,  and  was  appointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  October  19,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  CALVERLY  is  thirty-one  years  old.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  20,  1886. 

EDGAR  A.  DONAVAN  is  twenty-eight  years  old.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  17,  1887. 

THE   TWELFTH    DISTRICT. 

NATHAN  S.  KIMBLE,  lieutenant  of  the  Twelfth  District,  was 
born  at  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  December  6,  1836.  He  was 
appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Henry  October  20,  1863,  and  has 
served  continuously  on  the  force  with  the  exception  of  a  part  of 
Mayor  Fox's  administration.  He  acted  as  special  officer  for  sev- 
eral years,  was  made  a  sergeant  February  14,  1883,  by  Mayor 
King,  and  afterwards  a  lieutenant  February  23,  1884,  by  the  same 
Mayor.  While  acting  as  special  officer  he  made  a  number  of  im- 
portant arrests,  among  which  were  Edward  Lynch,  convicted  and 
sentenced  to  fifteen  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  outrag- 
ing Mary  Mornham  at  the  Monument  Cemetery  ;  John  Fields,  con- 
victed of  murder  and  sentenced  to  twelve  years  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary;  William  E.  Dell,  a  notorious  burglar,  who  received 
a  sentence  of  two  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary;  and  George 
Dutill,  who  received  two  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary  for  at- 
tempted rape. 

The  Twelfth  District  Stal ion-House  is  situated  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  Tenth  and  Thompson  streets.  The  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict begins  at  Sixth  and  Poplar  streets,  and  extends  along  the 


NATHAN  S.  KIMBLE, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twelfth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  489 

north  side  of  Poplar  to  the  east  side  of  Broad,  to  the  south  side 
of  Montgomery  Avenue,  to  the  east  side  of  Eleventh  Street,  to  the 
south  side  of  Susquehanna  Avenue,  to  the  west  side  of  Sixth 
Street  to  the  place  of  beginning.  Among  the  most  prominent 
buildings  in  the  district  are  the  Seventh  National  Bank,  north- 
west corner  Seventh  Street  and  Girard  Avenue  ;  the  Tenth  Na- 
tional Bank,  north-west  corner  of  Comae  Street  and  Columbia 
Avenue ;  John  Sullivan's  Silk  Mill,  south-east  corner  Ninth  Street 
and  Montgomery  Avenue;  Samuel  Thornton's  Mill,  south-east  cor- 
ner Tenth  Street  and  Columbia  Avenue ;  Farmers'  Market,  north- 
west corner  Ninth  Street  and  Girard  Avenue,  and  the  Globe 
Market,  north-west  corner  Tenth  Street  and  Montgomery  Avenue. 

Sergeant  WALTER  ERODE,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
June  30,  1824,  and  learned  the  trade  of  whip-making.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Marshal  Keyser  October  10, 
1851,  and  two  years  later  was  promoted  to  captain  of  the  watch 
of  the  South  Pennsylvania  District,  which  position  he  held  up  to 
the  Consolidation.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  on  the  new  city 
force  by  Mayor  Conrad,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  1858, 
when  Mayor  Henry  made  him  a  sergeant.  Three  months  after 
Mayor  Fox's  inauguration  he  left  the  police  force.  Was  reap- 
pointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  promoted  to  sergeant 
in  December,  1875.  His  term  of  service  as  patrolman  extended 
over  ten  years  and  as  sergeant  over  twenty-five  years. 

Sergeant  JOHN  JEFFRIES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April 
u,  1840.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry 
January  9,  1864.  On  the  night  of  March  26,  1864,  Officer  Jeffries 
had  four  pistol  balls  fired  into  him  by  a  burglar,  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Water  and  Race  streets.  Shortly  after  twelve  o'clock 
on  that  night  Officer  Hutchinson  observed  a  man  emerge  from 
Craven  Street  into  Front  Street,  acting,  as  the  officer  thought,  in 
a  suspicious  manner.  Hutchinson  summoned  Jeffries,  and  the 
two  officers  met  the  man  coming  down  Water  Street  at  Race. 
Officer  Jeffries  took  him  into  custody,  while  Officer  Hutchinson 
went  back  to  ascertain  whether  any  place  had  been  robbed. 
He  had  proceeded  no  further  than  Craven  Street  when  he 
heard  the  report  of  a  pistol  from  the  direction  of  Race  Street, 
and  immediately  ran  back.  When  he  reached  there  he  found 
Officer  Jeffries  lying  insensible  on  the  sidewalk,  and  his  late 
prisoner  running  down  R.ace  Street.  He  pursued  the  fleeing 


49o  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

burglar,  who,  when  he  got  near  Vine  Street,  threw  off  his  over- 
coat, and  was  soon  lost  in  the  darkness.  In  the  pockets  of  the 
overcoat  were  found  a  number  of  burglars'  tools,  a  quantity  of 
gunpowder  and  a  slow-match.  Officer  Jeffries  was  found  to  be 
dangerously  wounded,  four  balls  having  entered  his  body,  three  in 
his  back  and  one  in  his  shoulder.  After  Officer  Hutchinson  had 
left  them,  the  burglar  made  an  attempt  to  wrest  himself  from  the 
grasp  of  Officer  Jeffries,  who  held  him  by  the  coat  collar.  Finding 
himself  unsuccessful  in  this  he  pulled  a  pistol  and  fired.  It  was 
not  until  after  the  third  shot  had  entered  Officer  Jeffries'  body 
that  he  released  his  hold,  when  he  fell  and  the  villain  fired  a 
fourth  shot  into  him.  The  pistol  was  held  in  such  close  proximity 
to  the  officer  when  it  was  fired,  that  his  coat  was  singed  by  the 
burning  powder.  After  a  long  illness  Officer  Jeffries  recovered 
from  his  wounds.  The  would-be  murderer  was  never  caught. 
Jeffries  was  promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor  King  February  26, 
1884. 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  DEPERVEN  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  October  26,  1845.  By  occupation  he  was  a  sugar 
manufacturer.  He  was  appointed  telegraph  operator  and  house- 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  5,  1873. 

House-Sergeant  FRANK  R.  ASHTON  was  born  January  6, 
1854.  He  is  a  painter  by  trade.  Was  appointed  telegraph 
operator  and  house-sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  December  8, 
1874. 

NICHOLAS  EHRMAN,  special  officer  of  the  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  9,  1843.  He  was  ap- 
prenticed to  the  picture-frame  gilder's  trade,  but  before  finishing 
his  apprenticeship,  the  war  coming  on,  he  enlisted  in  the  2ist 
Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  April  21,  1861,  for  three 
months.  He  was  discharged  August  7,  and  re-enlisted  on  the 
loth  in  the  95th  Pennsylvania,  for  three  years.  Discharged 
November  2,  1864.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  2, 
1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  served  as  a  patrolman  until  May,  1884, 
when  he  was  designated  by  Lieutenant  Kimble  as  special  officer. 
Among  his  important  arrests  were  Andrew  Boyce  for  burglary, 
in  May,  1880  ;  George  Dutill,  robbery,  in  August,  1883 ;  Annie 
Reily  and  James  McNally,  pickpockets ;  Louis  Kille,  assault  to 
kill,  in  January,  1885  ;  George  Green,  house  robbery,  in  October, 
1885  ;  Henry  Sargent  and  Edward  Harris,  burglary,  in  March, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  49I 

1883  ;  Thomas  Trumpp  and  William  Magee,  burglars,  in  January, 
1886,  and  Carl  Meichenfelder,  burglary,  in  March,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  MOSS  was' born  in  Montgomery  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, January  27,  1840.  Enlisted  May  29,  1861,  in  Co.  I, 
4th  .Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  •  for  three  years.  Dis- 
charged June  17,  1864.  Enlisted  as  sergeant,  September  28, 
1864,  irt  Co.  L,  i g8th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  for  one 
year,  and  was  discharged  Juhe  3,  1865.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  August  8,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  E.  MERCHANT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  6, 
1842.  Served  three  years  in  the  late  war  in  Co.  C,  7151  Regi- 
ment Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  October  5,  1878. 

CHARLES  GUTGSELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  i, 
1836.  Served  in  the  army  three  years  during  the  late  war.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Vaux  March  3,  1856. 

SAMUEL  PEARSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  4, 
1845.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  December 
3,  1879. 

GEORGE  W.  RANSOM  was  born  in  Salem,  New  Jersey,  April 
5,  1843.  Enlisted  in  Col.  Small's  regiment  April  16,  1861.  Was 
in  the  riots  at  Baltimore  April  19.  Also  served  in  i8th  and 
72nd  regiments  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  enlisting  in  the  lat- 
ter for  three  years.  He  was  wounded,  being  shot  through  both 
thighs,  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  September  17,  1862.  He  served 
with  the  2ist  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  from  December,  1864,  until 
November,  1865,  as  commissary  and  provost  sergeant  at  Camp 
Cadwallader,  Philadelphia.  Enlisted  in  the  6th  U.  S.  Infantry 
Regiment  December  13,  1866,  and  served  three  years  as  sergeant. 
Enlisted  in  5th  U.  S.  Artillery  Regiment  August  22,  1870,  and 
served  five  years  as  first  sergeant.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  3,  1876. 

FREDERICK  ACKER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January 
29,  1850.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  August 
29,  1881. 

EDWARD  GEORGE  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Penn.,  Octo- 
ber i,  1843.  Enlisted  in  the  4th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, May  29,  1861.  Discharged  June  17,  1864.  Re-enlisted 
November  8,  1864,  in  8th  Pennsylvania  Cavalry ;  discharged 
August  u,  1865.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 


492 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


Icy,  January  i,  1872.  Arrested,  in  1878,  Edward  Lynch  for  an 
outrageous  assault  :  sentenced  to  fifteen  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

JAMES  H.  NUNEMAKER  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Penn.,  April  26,  1842.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  April  21,  1873.  Served  three  years  and  three  months  in 
the  army  during  the  late  war.  Arrested  Henry  Clark,  pick- 
pocket, Edward  Donahue,  for  larceny,  and  William  Stenhauer. 

WILLIAM  D.  TYSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  29, 
1835.  Served  in  the  army  during  the  late  war.  Was  appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  n,  1878. 

HENRY  JUMP  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  9,  1846. 
Served  three  years  in  the  army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

BENJAMIN  F.  WEATHERBY  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
August  7,  1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  6, 
1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CHRISTIAN  SCHENCK  was  born  in  Germany,  February  28, 

1840.  Appointed  to  the  police  force   May   10,  1875,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

STEPHEN  LUKENS  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Penn., 
October  4,  1835.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley December  15,  1875.  Arrested  William  McGee  for  highway 
robbery,  William  Seltzer  for  burglary  and  assault  with  intent  to 
kill  and  Henry  Layton  for  horse  stealing. 

JAMES  R.  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  24, 
1829.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Conrad  Septem- 
ber 10,  1854,  and  has  served,  with  the  exception  of  short  intervals, 
under  all  the  mayors  since. 

HENRY  L.   OLER  was    born  in   Philadelphia   November  9, 

1841.  Appointed  to   the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April   4, 
1876.     Arrested  Francis  George,  a  New  Jersey  horse-thief. 

JOHN  B.  GOODWIN  was  born  in  Maine  November  23,  1823. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in  May,  1858. 

JOHN  M.  SCHAEFER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November 
16,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  No- 
vember 22,  1885. 

PHILIP  KALOVER   was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  19,  ' 

1842.  Served  three  years  in  the  army  during  the  late  war.     Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  2,  1873. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


493 


Made  a  number  of  arrests,  among  them  George  Hicky,  for  larceny, 
who  was  sentenced  to  two  years'  imprisonment. 

WILLIAM  J.  MARTIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  2, 
1830.  Enlisted  October  22,  1851,  for  five  years,  in  the  ist  Regi- 
ment Mounted  Rifles,  and  served  on  the  Rio  Grande  frontier  of 
Texas.  Was  in  several  engagements  with  the  Indians.  Dis- 
charged as  sergeant  October  22,  1856.  Re-enlisted  April  18, 
1861,  i8th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  discharged  in  July, 
1861.  Re-enlisted  August  22,  1861,  in  95th  Pennsylvania,  as 
sergeant,  for  three  years.  Was  promoted  to  2d  lieutenant.  Dis- 
charged for  disability  incurred  in  service  November  3,  1863. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  October  i,  1864. 
Displaced  by  Mayor  Fox;  reappointed  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor 
Stokley.  Arrested,  February  21,  1878,  John  Howard,  alias  Daly, 
professional  thief;  June  i,  1878,  Fred  Berger,  for  stabbing; 
March  19,  1879,  Edward  Baker,  sneak  thief;  March  19,  1880, 
"Jimmy"  Holden,  pickpocket;  April  29,  1880,  Walter  Daw, 
alias  "Jimmy"  O'Brien,  for  robbery,  and  James  McDonald,  re- 
ceiver of  stolen  goods ;  March  28,  1882,  Lizzie  Jenkins,  profes- 
sional hotel  thief. 

CHARLES  D.  WEATHERBEE  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
December  3,  1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley May  4,  1875.  Resigned  in  1878 ;  reappointed  September  10, 
1883,  by  Mayor  King. 

WILLIAM  D.  FUSSELBACH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July 
12,  1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  May 
21,  1884. 

WILLIAM  KNECHT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  17, 
1834.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  October 
12,  1862.  Arrested  Edward  B.  Paul  for  burglary,  April  i,  1877. 

WILLIAM  F.  SPILLMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Septem- 
ber 21,  1832.  Served  three  months  in  the  .First  Regiment  Grey 
Reserves  of  Pennsylvania.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by- 
Mayor  McMichael  July  20,  1866.  Resigned  under  Mayor  Fox's 
administration  ;  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

HARRY  RUH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  2,  1859.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  27,  1884. 

EDWARD  GILLESPIE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  28, 
1839.  Served  three  months  in  the  i8th  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  Sep- 


494  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

tember  i,  1862.  Arrested  Ned  Dougherty  for  assault  to  kill,  in 
January,  1866  ;  one  Walsh,  for  pocket-picking  in  1867  ;  September 
19,  1875,  Fred  Hargis  and  James  Russell,  for  highway  robbery. 

FREDERICK  LINDEMAN  was  born  in  Germany  December 
17,  1828.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Octo- 
ber 30,  1877. 

JOHN  S.  WARNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  i,  1837. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  i,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Arrested  John  Hanson,  the  safe-blower. 

JACOB  KIRCH  was  born  in  Germany  September  4,  1835. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  19,  1874. 
Arrested  Joseph  Ledlie,  James  Malone  and  Richard  McCormack 
for  house  robbery. 

JOSEPH  RUTHERFORD  was  born  in  Ireland  April  12,  1844. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  9,  1871. 
Arrested,  August  20,  1872,  Michael  Malone  and  his  two  sons  for 
aggravated  assault  and  battery  on  Frank  Willets,  a  conductor  on 
the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad. 

G.  J.  FRIES  was  born  in  Germany  April  23,  1842.  Served 
three  years  as  sergeant  in  the  io4th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers, during  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Henry  January  15,  1864,  and  served  under  him  and  under 
Mayor  McMichael  for  about  two  years.  Reappointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  September  9,  1874. 

WILLIAM  BARRY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  27,  1857. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  September  28, 
1884. 

ANDREW  J.  HALL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  30,  1843. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  21,  1884. 

ELIJAH  BREWER  was  born  in  Huntingdon  County,  New 
Jersey,  November  17,  1846.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Smith  May  22,  1884.  Served  in  the  late  war  in  the  38th 
Regiment  New  Jersey  Volunteers. 

GEORGE  W.  DAVIS  was  born  in  New  York  April  14,  1842. 
Enlisted  in  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  December,  1858 ;  discharged 
March,  1863.  Enlisted  in  Company  C,  2ooth  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  gth  Army  Corps,  as  orderly  sergeant,  and 
served  to  the  end  of  the  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  December  4,  1877. 

NATHANIEL  G.  REEVES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  6, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  495 

1839.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  21,  1880,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

ISAAC  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Vermont  in  the  year  1839.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  April  8,  1861,  and 
served  eleven  years.  Reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  6, 
1884. 

MICHAEL  F.  DALTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
28,  1859.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  Septem- 
ber 3,  1883. 

SAMUEL  LEFFERTS  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Penn.,  Sep- 
tember 30,  1836.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry, 
March  2,  1863. 

HARRY  C.  SIMPSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  19,  1850. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  6,  1878. 

JOHN  WOOD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  31,  1834. 
Served  three  months  in  the  Scott  Legion;  discharged  and  re-en- 
listed for  three  years  in  the  82d  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers. Also  served  five  years  in  the  6th  Regiment  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1875. 

THOMAS  REED  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  7,  1841. 
Served  three  years  in  the  72d  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
and  one  year  in  Co.  G,  7th  Regiment  Hancock's  Veteran  Corps. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  i,  1884. 

JAMES  H.  BAIRD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  8;  1846. 
Enlisted  in  the  army,  June  i,  1863 ;  discharged  August  i,  1865. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  February, 
1872  ;  resigned  January  31,  1875  ;  reappointed  October  5,  1879. 

JUDSON  BOWERS  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  September,  1842. 
Enlisted,  September,  1862,  in  the  23d  Regiment  New  Jersey  Vol- 
unteers, and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville;  dis- 
charged June,  1863.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  January  10,  1886. 

GEORGE  W.  LAWRENCE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Decem- 
ber i,  1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
May  i,  1872. 

WILLIAM  H.  HOSTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  29, 
1846.  Enlisted,  February  9,  1864,  in  the  igih  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers  for  three  years.  Discharged  August  12,  1865, 
upon  the  ending  of  the  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Smith  March  12,  1886. 


496  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

WILLIAM  P.  NIPPES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  4,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayoi  Smith,  March  25.  1886. 

THEODORE  H.  K.  CONGER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
October  17,  1848.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith,  August  24,  1886. 

JACOB  A.  BOYER,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August 
1 8,  1834.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1875. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

REGINALD  H.  GIBSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  14, 
1862.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  September  22,  1886. 

J.  C.  GOLDSTEIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  was  appointed 
a  substitute  patrolman  on  December  3,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

EDWARD  J.  WALSH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  2, 
1859  ;  he  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May 
21,  1884,  and  served  until  November  30,  1884.  He  "was  reap- 
potnted  as  a  substitute  patrolman  December  3,  1886. 

WILLIAM  O.  ROURKE  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1847. 
Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  February  i, 
1882,  and  served  until  June  i,  1884.  He  was  reappointed  as  a 
substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  November  18,  1886. 

MICHAEL  HEMMINGER  was  born  in  Germany  August  20, 
1844.  He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  July,  1861,  as  a  private 
and  was  discharged  in  1865  as  First  Sergeant  of  Co,  I,  Ninety- 
eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  was  a  patrolman 
in  1874-75  by  appointment  of  Mayor  Stokley.  He  arrested,  in 
the  spring  of  1874,  Richard  McCarty  for  burglary.  He  was  re- 
appointed  as  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith. 

THE   SUB-STATIONS. 

In  the  large  outlying,  suburban  districts,  where  the  population  is 
sparse  and  the  beats  of  the  patrolmen  long,  it  was  found  neces- 
sary to  establish  sub-stations.  Sergeants  and  patrolmen  are  de- 
tailed to  these  sub-stations  by  Chief  of  Police  Stewart,  but  the 
men  are  under  the  command  of  and  report  to  the  lieutenants  of 
the  several  police  districts  within  the  bounds  of  which  the  sub- 
stations are  located.  There  is  a  sub-station  at  Roxborough  in 
the  Thirteenth  District  ;  in  the  Seventeenth  at  Point  Breeze  ;  at 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


497 


Chestnut  Hill  and  Olney  in  the  Fourteenth  District ;  at  Tacony, 
Holmesburg  and  Bustleton  in  the  Fifteenth  District ;  at  Falls  of 
Schuylkill  in  the  Twenty-second  District,  and  at  Bridesburg  and 
Nicetown  in  the  Twenty-fourth  District.  The  detail  of  men  at 
these  stations  is  not  less  than  four  nor  more  than  eight  at 
each,  exclusive  of  the  sergeants,  who  also  act  as  telegraph  opera- 
tors. The  patrol  system  is  in  operation  in  only  one  of  the  dis- 
tricts named,  the  Seventeenth,  and  the  sub-station  is  two  miles 
from  the  station-house. 
32 


4g8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  XX. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued}. 

THIRTEENTH  DISTRICT,  FOURTEENTH  DISTRICT  AND  AB- 
DUCTION OF  CHARLEY  ROSS.— LIEUTENANT  ALLISON'S 
DUTIES  IN  MANAYUNK. — SERGEANTS  WARD,  LUSH, 
REGER,-  DUNLAP,  HORNBY  AND  LAWRENCE.— LIEUTEN- 
ANT BUCHANAN  AND  THE  GERMANTOWN  DISTRICT.— 
THE  ROSS  MYSTERY. — SERGEANTS  CURRIER,  MAXWELL, 
SANDERSON,  NEILSON,  FRALEY,  ELLIOTT,  WILDE  AND 
TOMLINSON. — PATROLMAN  HOUSTON  AND  THE  WISSA- 
HICKON  MURDER  MYSTERY. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

THE   THIRTEENTH    DISTRICT. 

ALBERT  C.  ALLISON,  lieutenant  of  the  Thirteenth  District, 
was  born  in  Manayunk,  Philadelphia,  June  24.  1844.  He  en- 
listed in  Company  L,  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-second  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  July  n,  1864,  and  served  three  months.  He 
was  appointed  patrolman  in  the  Reserve  squad  by  Mayor  Stokley 
July  13,  1876;  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the  Thirteenth  Dis- 
trict October  28,  1878,  and  made  lieutenant  March  26,  1881.  In 
January,  1882,  he  arrested  Napoleon  Taylor  in  Easton,  Pennsyl- 
vania, for  the  theft  of  a  horse  in  Montgomery  County.  Taylor 
was  sentenced  to  eight  years  in  the  Montgomery  County  Prison. 
In  May  of  the  same  year  he  arrested  Thomas.  Bannon  and  George 
W.  Rhodes  for  house-breaking.  Both  men  were  sentenced  to  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary.  On  January  21,  1884,  he  arrested  Peter 
Monoghan  for  burglary,  who  was  sentenced  to  two  and  a  halt 
years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Charles  Deckey  and  William 
Dwyer,  notorious  burglars,  were  arrested  by  him  October  19,  1885. 
They  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  two  years  each  in  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary. 

The  Thirteenth   District  Station-House  is   located   on    Station 


A.  C.  ALLISON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Thirteenth  District 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


501 


Alley,  between  Cotton  and  Mechanic  streets,  and  Main  and 
Cresson  streets,  in  Manayunk.  The  district  comprises  the  Twenty- 
first  Ward,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Montgomery 
County  line,  running  east  from  the  Schuylkill  River  to  the  town- 
ship line  ;  on  the  east  by  the  township  line,  running  south  from 
the  Montgomery  County  line  to  School  Lane ;  on  the  south  by 
School  Lane,  running  west  from  the  township  line  to  the  Schuyl- 
kill River  ;  on  the  west  by  the  Schuylkill  River  running  north  from 
School  Lane  to  the  Montgomery  County  line. 

Manayunk  is  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia  with  over  25,000  inhab- 
itants, and  contains  some  of  the  largest  manufacturing  establish- 
ments in  the  city,  including  Schofield'  s  Economy  Mills,  Fitzpat- 
rick  &  Holt's,  A.  Campbell  &  Co.'s,  the  Patterson  Mills  and  numer- 
ous other  extensive  manufactories. 

Sergeant  ROBERT  H.  WARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Oc- 
tober 21,  1842.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  April  29,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
March  25,  1881,  he  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the  Thirteenth 
District. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  H.  LUSH  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
July  25,  1843.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  6,  1872,  and  promoted 
to  sergeant  of  the  Thirteenth  District  May  2,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

Sergeant  LEVI  S.  REGER,  detailed  for  duty  to  the  Roxbor- 
ough  sub-station,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  14,  1840.  He 
has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  June  3,  1872,  and  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the 
Thirteenth  District  October  i,  1872. 

House-Sergeant  LEWIS  J.  DUNLAP  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia Novembei  n,  1842.  He  served  in  the  army.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  as  a  telegraph  operator  or  house-sergeant  in 
August,  1868,  by  Mayor  McMichael. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  H.  HORNBY  was  born  in  New 
Castle  County,  Delaware,  May  3,  1844.  He  served  in  the  U.  S. 
Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1875,  by  Mayor 
Stokley  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  May  i,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

House-Sergeant  WINFIELD  S.  LAWRENCE,  detailed  for 
duty  at  Roxborough  sub-station,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March 


502 

23,  1853-  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  6,  1876,  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  May  2,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

House-Sergeant  SAMUEL  THORNTON  was  born  in  Eng- 
land November  3,  1841.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  and 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force  November  19,  1873,  by  Mayor 
Stokley.  Resigned  March  6,  1876.  Reappointed  February  14, 
1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  by 
Mayor  Smith,  January  i,  1887. 

JAMES  W.  KENWORTHY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Novem- 
ber 22,  1850.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  8,  1881,  by 
Mayor  King. 

ROBERT  WHITESIDES  was  born  in  Scotland,  August  6, 
1827.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  13,  1872,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

HARRY  WHITE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  21,  1849. 
Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Smith,  January  18,  1886. 

GEORGE  MOVER  was  born  in  Schuylkill  Haven,  Penn., 
September  7,  1841.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  May  3,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

GEORGE  GLANDING  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  10,  1856. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  22,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  KLINE  was  born  in  Schuylkill  Haven,  Penn.,  January 
29,  1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  25,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  JONES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  4, 
1847.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  24,  1884. 

WILLIAM  GREEN  was  born  in  Germany  March  i,  1841. 
Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  King  April  7,  1881. 

ARTHUR  ROBERTS  was  born  in  Massachusetts  May  5, 
1850.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  3,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

TIMOTHY  CLEGG  was  born  in  England  January  23,  1838. 
Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CHARLES  WATSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  5, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


S°3 


1842.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  June  24,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HENRY  SWARTLEY  was  born  in  Montgomery  County, 
Penn.,  February  4,  1846.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  '  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  7,  1876. 

PETER  METZLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  27, 
1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  3,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

DANIEL  S.  JACOBY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  4,  1839. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  UTTLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  i,  1850. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  6,  1876. 

HARRY  F.  REIBEL  was*  born  in  Philadelphia  May  5,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  18,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

DAVID  ROWLEY  was  born  in  Ireland  April  8,  1832.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January  i,  1872. 

JOHN  KINDER  was  born  in  England  July  21,  1854.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King,  March  18,  1882. 

JOHN  B.  DUNNOHEW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November 
22,  1829.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  po- 
lice force  by  Mayor  Smith,  August  14,  1886. 

JOHN  R.  HIGHLEY  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Penn., 
September  13,  1846.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
King,  September  29,  1881. 

CHARLES  ROUSHER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  7, 
1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  3, 
1884. 

JACOB  R.  NICE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  16,  1847. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  4,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

AUGUSTUS  PETERMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August 
21,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  3, 
1884. 

GEORGE  PAINTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  22,  1853. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  7,  1878,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

BARTHOLOMEW  WELSH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April 
24,  1846,  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  po- 
lice force  January  16,  1883,  by  Mayor  King. 

RICHARD  BODKIN  was  born  in  Ireland  December  18,  1857. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  24,  1884. 


504  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

JAMES  FULLERTON  was  born  in  Ireland  August  18,  1841. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  October,  1884. 

AUGUST  REESE  was  born  in  Germany  March  19,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  30,  1886. 

WILLIAM  McKANE  was  born  in  Utica,  New  York,  March  9, 
1845.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  3,  1884. 

JOSEPH    PONTIUS   was  born    in    Philadelphia   January  28, 

1841.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army     Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  King  in  January,  1882. 

ALFRED   A.    BOWEN  was   born    in     Delaware    August    19, 

1842.  Has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.     Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  4,  1876. 

HENRY  KINDER  was  born  in  England  May  23,  1844.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  i,  1880. 

ISRAEL  S.  GREENE  was  born  in  Delaware  County,  Penn., 
January  31,  1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1875, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

SAMUEL  LEVERING  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  4, 
1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  6, 
1884. 

DANIEL  DESMOND  was  born  in  Ireland  August  12,  1846. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  24,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

CASPER  STREIBIG  was  born  in  Germany  January  6,  1843. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

SAMUEL  ROB'NSON  was  born  in  Montgomery  County, 
Pa.,  January  14,  1857.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  October  19,  1886. 

THOMAS  J.  WINN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  10,  1859. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  November  15, 
1886. 

THE  FOURTEENTH  DISTRICT. 

ALEXANDER  BUCHANAN,  lieutenant  of  the  Fourteenth  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  St.  Johnston,  Ireland,  May  14,  1836.  He  came 
to  this  country  when  six  years  old  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Germantown.  He  was  appointed  sergeant  of  his  district 
by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872,  who  also  detailed  him,  in  1877, 
to  superintend  the  building  of  a  new  station-house.  He  was  made 
lieutenant  of  the  same  district  February  12,  1879.  During  his  term 


ALEXANDER  BUCHANAN, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Fourteenth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  5o7 

of  service  he  has  made  several  arrests  for  burglary  and  house  break- 
ing, and  is  an  earnest  and  capable  officer,  possessing  many  qualities 
which  endear  him  to  his  men.  While  firm  and  inflexible  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duty,  he  is  uniformly  kind  and  courteous  to  those  with 
whom  he  comes  in  contact.  The  main  station-house  of  the  district  is 
located  on  Lafayette  Street,  near  Germantown  Avenue.  There  are 
also  two  sub-stations,  one  on  Highland  Avenue,  Chestnut  Hill,  the 
other  on  Second  Street,  near  Taber  Road,  at  Olney,  Bristol  Town- 
ship, Twenty-second  Ward.  The  district  contains  a  great  many 
large  and  beautiful  private  residences,  several  large  fancy  knitting 
mills  and  other  manufactories.  It  also  supports  an  excellent  alms- 
house  for  the  use  of  the  ward  and  district. 

It  was  in  the  Fourteenth  Police  District  that  the  world-famous  ab- 
duction case  of  Charley  Ross  occurred,  and  Lieutenant  Buchanan, 
then  sergeant,  was  the  first  police  official  notified  of  the  loss  of  the 
child. 

On  Wednesday,  July  i,  1874,  Charley  Ross,  aged  four  years  and 
two  months,  the  son  of  Christian  K.  Ross,  a  merchant  living  on 
East  Washington  Lane,  Germantown,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  and 
within  its  corporate  limits,  was  abducted  from  home,  and  has  never 
since  been  found.  His  fate  is  enshrouded  in  mystery,  but  it  is 
generally  believed  that  he  is  dead.  His  older  brother,  Walter,  was 
also  taken  by  the  abductors,  who  were  driving  a  light  wagon,  but 
he  was  released  when  the  child-stealers  reached  Kensington,  a  sub- 
urb of  Philadelphia,  and  there  found  by  Mr.  Peacock,  a  friend  of 
the  family,  and  returned  to  his  father.  The  story  that  Walter  told 
of  the  abduction  was  that  two  men,  driving  on  Washington  Lane 
in  a  buggy,  had  given  him  and  his  brother  Charley  candy  on  Satur- 
day, June  27,  Monday,  June  29,  Tuesday,  June  30,  and  on  Wednes- 
day, July  i,  and  that  Charley  had  asked  them  for  a  ride,  and  also 
whether  they  would  not  buy  them  fire-crackers,  which  they  prom- 
ised to  do.  After  driving  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  the  men  turned 
around  and  took  the  boys  into  the  wagon.  Walter  asked  them  to 
go  to  Main  Street  to  get  the  fire-crackers.  To  this  request  the  men 
said,  "  No  ;  we  will  take  you  to  Aunt  Susie's  (a  fictitious  person), 
who  keeps  a  store,  and  will  give  you  a  pocketful  for  five  cents."  He 
said  Charley  was  placed  on  the  seat  between  the  men,  and  he  sat 
on  the  knee  of  the  one  who  was  not  driving.  He  also  said  that 
the  men  talked  to  them  as  they  drove  along,  but  said  more  to 
Charley  than  to  him — that  they  did  not  talk  much  to  each  other. 


ro8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

The  men  gave  them  candy  as  they  went  along.  After  they  had 
gone  some  distance  Charley  began  to  cry,  and  begged  to  be  taken 
home.  He  was  pacified  by  being  told  that  they  would  soon  be  at 
Aunt  Susie's.  On  reaching  Palmer  and  Richmond  streets,  Walter 
was  given  twenty-five  cents,  and  directed  to  a  cigar  store,  next  the 
corner,  where  fire-works  were  displayed  in  the  window.  He  was 
told  to  get  fire-crackers  for  himself,  and  torpedoes  for  Charley. 
When  he  reached  home  he  had  two  packages  of  fire-crackers,  one 
package  of  small  torpedoes,  and  four  cents  in  change  in  his  pockets. 
While  Walter  was  in  the  store  buying- the  crackers  and  torpedoes, 
the  men  drove  off,  taking  Charley  with  them.  When  Walter  came 
out  he  looked  up  and  down  the  street,  and  around  the  corner,  but 
could  see  nothing  of  the  horse  and  wagon,  the  men,  or  his  little 
brother.  Finding  himself  deserted,  he  cried  loudly.  A  crowd 
soon  gathered  around  him,  and  one  of  them,  Mr.  Henry  C.  Pea- 
cock, brought  him  home.  Walter's  story  of  this  part  of  the  trans- 
action was  confirmed  by  a  little  girl  who  saw  the  men  give  him  the 
money  and  direct  him  to  the  cigar  store.  She  also  saw  them  drive 
up  Palmer  Street  to  the  first  small  street,  turn  the  corner,  and  disap- 
pear in  an  easterly  direction  before  Walter  returned.  The  boy 
was  able  to  give  a  very  good  description  of  the  abductors,  of  the 
horse  they  drove,  and  of  their  wagon. 

On  the  day  following  the  abduction,  search  was  begun  for  the 
missing  boy.  Mrs.  Ross,  who  was  in  ill  health,  was  at  Atlantic 
City,  and  not  wishing  her  to  learn  that  the  child  was  lost,  Mr. 
Ross  proceeded  very  cautiously  in  the  search  for  his  missing  son. 
A  general  alarm  was  sent  out  by  the  police,  and  advertisements 
were  inserted  in  the  papers,  offering  a  reward  of  $300  for  the  re- 
turn of  the  child.  The  poor  father  was  nearly  crazed  with  grief, 
but  bravely  controlled  his  feelings,  and  assisted  in  the  search. 
On  the  morning  of  July  4,  Mr.  Ross  received  a  letter,  post-marked 
Philadelphia,  July  3,  8.  A.M.  The  following  is  a  literal  copy  : 

"July  3, — Mr.  Ros :  be  not  uneasy  you  son  charley  bruster  be  all  writ,  we 
is  got  him  and  no  powers  on  earth  can  deliver  out  of  our  hand,  you  wil 
hav  two  pay  us  befor  you  git  him  from  us,  and  pay  us  a  big  cent  to.  if  you  put 
the  cops  hunting  for  him  you  is  only  defecting  yu  own  end.  we  is  got  him 
put  so  no  living  power,  can  gets  him  from  us  a  live,  if  any  aproch  is  maid 
to  his  hidin  place  that  is  the  signal  for  his  instant  anihilation.  if  you  regard 
his  lit"  puts  no  one  to  search  for  him  yu  mony  can  fech  him  out  alive  an 
no  other  existin  powers,  dont  deceve  yuself  an  think  the  detectives  can  git 
him  from  us  for  that  is  imposebel.  you  here  from  us  in  few  day." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


5°9 


This  letter,  although  indefinite,  was  the  first  clew  toward  unrav- 
elling the  mystery  of  the  case.  Persuaded  by  his  friends,  Mr. 
Ross  went  to  Atlantic  City  and  informed  the  poor  mother  of  what 
had  occurred.  To  describe  her  grief  and  heart-rending  misery 
would  be  impossible.  Tears  afford  an  outlet  for  grief,  but  with 
her  the  fountain  was  dry.  "  Oh  !  if  I  could  cry,  I  know  I  should 
be  relieved  of  this  terrible  weight  that  oppresses  me,"  was  her 
frequent  exclamation.  On  July  6,  another  letter  was  received  from 
the  abductors,  suggesting  negotiations  for  the  return  of  the  child. 
They  demanded  $20,000,  and  that  amount  was  promptly  raised  by 
friends  of  Mr.  Ross,  but  instead  of  continuing  the  negotiations  with 
the  abductors,  the  police  induced  him  to  allow  them  to  manage 
the  case,  and  Mayor  Stokley,  over  his  official  signature,  offered 
$20,000  reward  for  the  arrest  of  the  kidnappers,  and  the  restora- 
tion of  the  child  to  his  parents.  The  case  attracted  world-wide 
attention,  and  hundreds  of  clews  were  followed  up  by  the  detec- 
tives. 

Finally,  Superintendent  Geo.  W.  Walling,  of  the  New  York 
police  force,  found  a  clew  which  led  him  to  believe  that  two  burg- 
lars, William  Mosher  and  Joseph  Douglass,  were  the  abductors. 
In  the  mean  time  Mr.  Ross  had  received  no  less  than  sixteen  let- 
ters from  the  child-stealers.  William  Westervelt,  a  brother-in-law 
of  Douglass;  and  who  was  the  go-between  in  the  attempted  ne- 
gotiations with  Mr.  Ross,  was  the  party  through  whom  Superin- 
tendent Walling  gained  information  which  caused  him  to  finally 
settle  upon  Mosher  and  Douglass  as  the  abductors.  Westervelt 
was  willing  to  give  Douglass  away,  but  did  not  want  to  do  his 
brother-in-law  any  harm.  While  the  police  were  scouring  the 
country  in  a  search  for  the  burglars,  the  summer  residence  of 
Judge  Van  Brunt  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  at  Bay 
Ridge,  Long  Island,  was  entered  by  burglars.  This  was  on  the 
morning  of  December  14,  succeeding  the  abduction.  Judge  Van 
Brunt's  house  was  closed  for  the  season,  but  his  brother's,  which 
immediately  Adjoined  it,  was  permanently  occupied.  Judge  Van 
Brunt's  house  was  provided  with  a  burglar-alarm,  and  the  signal 
bell  was  placed  in  the  bedroom  of  his  brother  in  the  adjoining 
house.  Mr.  Van  Brunt  was  aroused  at  about  two  o'clock  by  the 
signal  bell,  and  arming  himself  and  his  servants,  they  hastened 
to  the  Judge's  house.  They  surprised  the  burglars  in  the  very 


_IO  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

act,  and  when  they  attempted  to  escape,  shot  Mosher  dead,  and 
mortally  wounded  Douglass.  Before  his  death  the  latter  said  : 

"  It's  no  use  lying  now.  Mosher  and  I  stole  Charley  Ross  from 
Germantown.  Mosher  knows  all  about  the  child. ' 

They  told  him  that  Mosher  was  dead,  and  he  was  raised  up  so 
that  he  could  see  the  dead  body  of  his  partner  in  guilt.  He  ex- 
claimed : 

"  God  help  his  poor  wife  and  family  !  " 

To  the  question,  "  Where  is  Charley  Ross  ?  "  he  answered  : 

"  God  knows  I  tell  you  the  truth  !  I  don't  know  where  he  is. 
Mosher  knew.  The  child  will  be  returned  home  safe  and  sound 
in  a  few  days." 

When  little  Walter  Ross  was  shown  the  dead  bodies  of  the  two 
burglars,  he  immediately  recognized  them  as  the  abductors  of  his 
brother.  The  burglars  had  come  to  Bay  Ridge  in  a  cat-rigged 
sloop.  It  was  searched,  but  nothing  was  discovered  to  give  the 
least  clew  to  the  missing  child.  It  was  supposed  that  Mosher 
and  Douglass  had  perhaps  two  accomplices,  and  the  policy  now 
adopted  was  to  discover  them  by  hunting  up  all  their  associates. 
Mosher's  wife  and  her  brother  Westervelt  were  the  means  through 
whom  this  information  was  sought.  Several  clews  were  followed 
up  on  the  strength  of  information  which  they  gave,  but  nothing 
followed  from  it.  Douglass's  dying  promise  that  the  boy  would 
be  returned  in  a  few  days  was  not  fulfilled,  and  although  years 
have  passed  there  has  been  no  solution  of  the  problem,  "What 
became  of  Charley  Ross  ?  "  Westervelt  was  known  to  be  an  as- 
sociate of  both  Mosher  and  Douglass,  and  was  afterwards  tried 
at  Philadelphia  for  complicity  in  the  abduction.  He  was  found 
guilty  and  sentenced  to  an  imprisonment  of  seven  years  in  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary.  It  was  believed  that  Westervelt  could  tell 
what  final  disposition  was  made  of  the  child,  but  to  the  last  he 
stoutly  denied  his  ability  to  do  this. 

Sergeant  ISAAC  S.  CURRIER,  of  the  Fourteenth  District, 
was  born  in  Vermont  March  27,  1843.  He  entered  the  depart- 
ment under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and  was  promoted 
to  sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  3,  1877.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  army. 

Sergeant  JOSEPH  MAXWELL  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa., 
in  November,  1844.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor 


PAST  AND    PRESENT.  Sn 

Stokley  on  November  16,  1872,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  on 
June  i,  1881,  by  Mayor  King.  He  served  in  the  army. 

Sergeant  ADAM  SANDERSON  was  born  in  North  Andover, 
Mass.,  on  January  25,  1843.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  July,  1873.  Mayor  Smith  promoted  him  to  ser- 
geant on  March  8,  1884. 

Sergeant  THOMAS  NEILSON  was  born  in  Scotland  on  Sep- 
tember 29,  1840.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley in  June,  1876,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  in  July,  1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  sub-station  at 
Olney.  He  served  in  the  army. 

House-Sergeant  RITTENHOUSE  FRALEY  was  born  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa.,  on  June,  17,  1812.  He  was  appointed  a  police  and 
fire-alarm  telegraph  operator  on  June  3,  1858,  by  Mayor  Henry, 
and  when  the  telegraph  system  became  merged  into  the  police 
department  under  Mayor  Stokley,  he  became  house-sergeant. 

House-Sergeant  FERGUS  ELLIOTT  was  born  in  Leicester, 
England,  December  u,  1843.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  November,  1872.  He  was  promoted  to  house- 
sergeant  on  January  3,  1887,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  army. 

House-Sergeant  JOSEPH  WILDE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
October  12,  1847.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Smith  on  May  i,  1884,  when  he  was  appointed  house-sergeant,  and 
was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  sub-station  at  Olney.  He  entered  the 
army  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  served  some  time. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  TOMLINSON  was  born  in  Man- 
chester, England,  on  December  5,  1840.  He  entered  the  depart- 
ment under  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1875,  an<^  was  promoted  to 
house-sergeant  on  August  7,  1886. 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  SHAW  was  born  in  Maine  on  De- 
cember 27,  1848.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Smith 
on  May  24,  1884,  as  patrolman,  and  was  detailed  as  house-ser- 
geant at  Olney  sub-station  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  8,  1885. 
He  served  five  months  in  the  army  and  three  years  in  the  Marine 
Corps. 

House-Sergeant  OLIVER  SKILTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
May  20,  1848.  He  entered  the  police  department  as  a  patrolman 
under  Mayor  Stokley  on  September  15,  1875  ;  resigned  February 
17,  1884;  was  reappointed  June  5,  1884,  and  promoted  by  Mayor 


5!2  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Smith  to  house-sergeant  January  2,  1886.  In  January,  1887,  he 
was  transferred  from  the  Twentieth  to  the  Fourteenth  District. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

WILLIAM  KEE  was  born  in  Ireland  May  6,  1837.  He  en- 
tered the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  as  sub-patrolman  on 
February  3,  1875,  and  was  made  a  regular  in  August,  1875. 

NICHOLAS  HEINS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  19, 
1834.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

JOHN  H.  MAGEE  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  on  July  7, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  sub-patrolman  by  Mayor  King  on 
March  n,  1884,  and  was  made  a  regular  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May 
24,  1884. 

MYERS  F.  HAMILTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  Novem- 
ber, 1830.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Conrad  in 
September,  1854,  and  has  served  ever  since,  excepting  during  the 
term  of  Mayor  Fox. 

DANIEL  P.  BOGGS  was  born  in  Kent  County,  Delaware,  June 
3,  1851.  Mayor  King  made  him  a  patrolman  on  March  n,  1884. 

WILLIAM  GUYER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1827.  Mayor 
Henry  made  him  a  patrolman  on  May  19,  1858. 

CHARLES  D.  GENTRY  was  born  at  Holmesburg,  Pa.,  on 
September  24,  1841.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Smith  on  May  18,  1884.  He  served  in  the  army. 

CASPER  STROUSE  was  born  at  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia, 
on  March  31,  1828.  He  received  his  first  appointment  on  the 
force  under  Mayor  Conrad  in  June,  1854,  and  has  served  nearly 
twenty-five  years  altogether. 

HENRY  MORTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  14, 
1858.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  July  12,  1884,  as  a 
patrolman  at  Olney  sub-station. 

JAMES  LORIMER  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1836.  He  en- 
tered the  department  in  May,  1872,  under  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
served  in  the  army. 

JAMES  GLASSEY  was  born  in  Ireland  on  January  12,  1843. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  as  patrolman 
on  February  12,  1872,  and  has  been  in  continuous  service  since. 
He  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests,  including  murder- 
ers and  burglars.  He  served  in  the  army  and  was  wounded  at 
Bull  Run. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


513 


JAMES  WOODRUFF  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1850.  He 
entered  the  department  on  March  n,  1884,  under  Mayor  King. 

JOHN  STEPHEN  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  on  May  9, 
1858.  Mayor  King  appointed  him  a  sub-patrolman  on  March  16, 
1884  and  he  was  made  a  regular  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  24, 
1884. 

THOMAS  PULLINGER  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  on 
February  24,  1857.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
King  on  March  7,  1884. 

HENRY  HARGREAVES  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  on 
April  28,  1858.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith 
on  June  9,  1884. 

FRANK  MAXHEIMER  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Pa., 
in  1854.  He  entered  the  department  on  November  5,  1879,  under 
Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  BROOKS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December 
27,  1859.  He  was  appointed  on  March  6,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ALBERT  H.  TOON  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  on  February 
23,  1845.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
May  3,  1876.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

JOSHUA  GREAVES  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  on 
August  29,  1843.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  October  i,  1875. 

ANDREW  ZELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  January  6,  1835. 
He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  December  24, 
1880. 

WILLIAM  AIMAN  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  on  August 
6,  1854.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  July  2,  1881. 

SAMUEL  LADLEY  was  born  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  on 
September  12,  1828.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 

WILLIAM  A.  STRUBEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  De- 
cember 4,  1847.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  March  6,  1886. 

SALVADOR  MAXWELL  was  born  in  Germantown,  Pa.,  on 
April  16,  1838.  He  entered  the  department  in  September,  1872, 
under  Mayor  Stokley.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

JAMES  F.  MENOUGH  was  born  in   Philadelphia  on    Septem- 
ber 25,  1832.     He  was  appointed  on   the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
on  June  i,  1872. 
33 


5!4  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

JACOB  L.  STEINMETZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 
27,  1838.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in 
November,  1877. 

NATHANIEL  ORME  was  born  in  England  in  1832.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  July  27,  1880. 

ZEPHINIA  S.  BALTON  was  born  in  Montgomery  County 
on  November  6,  1820.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on 
March  16,  1873.  He  served  a  year  in  the  army. 

WILLIAM  F.  DAVIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1850.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  May  18,  1885. 

ADAM  ORMISTON  was  born  in  Scotland  on  June  10,  1833. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  February, 
1874. 

ALFRED  KEPHART  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  7, 
1847.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  July  15,  1881. 
He  served  two  years  in  the  army. 

JOHN  M.  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Kingston,  Jamaica,  W.  I., 
on  January  19,  1839.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  January  i,  1872.  He  served  in  the  army. 

GEORGE  LEWELLYN  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  on 
March  4,  1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Septem- 
ber 8,  1878.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

EDWARD  BUCHANAN  was  born  in  Ireland  on  May  8, 
1838.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  Jan- 
uary i,  1875.  He  served  in  the  navy  during  the  Rebellion. 

GEORGE  W.  TROUT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  9, 
1852.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  King  on  October 
21,  1881. 

JAMES  A.  GREGORY  was  born  in  Mercer  Co.,  Pa.,  in  1845. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  May  24,  1884. 
He  served  in  the  army. 

WILLIAM  HOUSTON  was  born  in  Ireland  on  September  13, 
1835.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  Jan- 
uary i,  1875.  Officer  Houston  was  the  man  who  found  on  May  5, 
1884,  in  the  Wissahickon  Creek,  the  head  of  the  body  which  was 
afterwards  identified  as  that  of  butcher  Stahl,  which  identification 
was  considered  complete  until  John  M.  Wilson  delivered  himself 
up  to  the  police  authorities  of  Chicago,  and  confessed  to  having 
murdered  Anthony  Dealey,  a  farmer  for  whom  he  worked,  and 
whose  body  he  declared  he  had  chopped  up  and  thrown  into 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


5*5 


Wissahickon  Creek  in  the  previous  winter.  Then  a  re-examination 
of  the  testimony  of  identification  showed  that  the  description  of 
the  dismembered  body  found  in  sacks  fully  carried  out  Wilson's 
confession,  and  the  mystery  of  Dealey's  disappearance  was  cleared 
up,  while  that  of  butcher  Stahl  was  left  a  greater  mystery  than 
before.  Wilson  was  tried  and  convicted  in  Norristown  and  was 
hanged.  The  case  was  a  sensation  for  awhile  on  account  of  the 
difficulty  of  identification,  and  of  the  number  of  people  who  were 
mixed  up  in  it. 

BATEMAN  SADDINGTON  was  born  on  February  10,  1843, 
in  England.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on 
May  24,  1884. 

JACOB  D.  HESS  was  born  in  Norristown  on  September  16, 
1851.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  June 

19,  1880.     He  served  in  the  army  from  May  12,  1865,  to  Decem- 
ber 20,  1870. 

WILLIAM  M.  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 

20,  1853.     He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
June  29,  1880. 

JAMES  J.  SMITH  was  born  in  New  York  on  March  14,  1856. 
Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  patrolman  on  June  8,  1884. 

McKEE  HOLLINGSWORTH  was  born  in  Ireland  in  March, 
1838.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
was  made  sergeant  of  the  Olney  sub-station  on  March  31,  1877. 
He  was  dismissed  by  Mayor  King  on  March  8,  1883,  and  was  re- 
appointed  as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  24,  1884.  On 
April  2,  1873,  he  arrested  Jacob  Barnet,  for  indecent  assault;  on 
June  12,  1875,  he  arrested  Eugene  Hohenfels  for  stealing  a  quan- 
tity of  jewellery  from  a  Mr.  Strawbridge  ;  on  June  4,  1876,  he  ar- 
rested Officer  James  Platt  for  homicide. 

WILLIAM  STOTT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December  5, 
1856.  He  joined  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  April  8, 
1885. 

WILLIAM  HOSSEFRASS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Sep- 
tember 7,  1859.  Mayor  Smith  made  him  a  patrolman  on  May  24, 
1884. 

WILLIAM  A.  SIBSON  was  born  in  Germantown  on  March  8, 
1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  July  15,  1882. 

THOMAS  STAFFORD  was  born  in   Clinton,  N.  J.,  in  1836. 


5I6  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872.  He 
served  in  the  army. 

THOMAS  HARPHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  20, 
1855.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  March  6,  1886.  He 
arrested  in  June,  1886,  William  Nelson  for  an  attempted  outrage, 
and  had  him  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  eight  years. 

WILLIAM  U.  SHRIVER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Novem- 
ber 16,  1845.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  King  in 
January,  1883. 

JACOB  H.  UNRUH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  29, 
1836.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  6, 1886. 

.JOHN  BARNES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  29,  1859.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith,  October  6,  1886. 

HENRY  C.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  22,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  6,  1886. 

CHARLES  YEOMANSON  was  born  in  England  May  29,  1856. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December  13,  1886. 

ANDREW  BROWN  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  October  6,  1886. 

MOSES  A.  WRIGHT,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Kent  County,  Md., 
January  12,  1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  Septem- 
ber 6,  1880. 

SUBSTITUTE    PATROLMAN. 

ABRAHAM  K.  STROUSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May 
n,  1862.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December  13,  1886. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued). 

FIFTEENTH,  SIXTEENTH  AND  SEVENTEENTH  DISTRICTS. — 
LIEUTENANT  DUNCAN'S  FRANKFORD  INTERESTS. — SER- 
GEANTS HANSON,  ASHTON,  LANARD,  SHALLCROSS, 
MURRAY,  WELLS,  KEHO  AND  TRAMPE. — SPECIAL  OF- 
FICER BALDWIN. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTEN- 
ANT BAILEY'S  CHARGE. — SERGEANTS  ALLISON,  MCDOW- 
ELL, ROBINSON,  CORRISTON  AND  WILSON SPECIAL 

OFFICER  STEPHENS. — PATROL  SERGEANTS  BROWN 
AND  LORD. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTENANT 
THOMPSON  AND  THE  KANE  FRATRICIDE. — SERGEANTS 
TOMLINSON,  WILSON,  McCOACH,  PRIOR  AND  WHIT- 
TINGHAM. 

THE    FIFTEENTH    DISTRICT. 

WILLIAM  L.  DUNCAN,  lieutenant  of  the  Fifteenth  District, 
was  born  at  the  Fox  Chase,  Philadelphia,  July  21,  1850.  He  was 
appointed  sergeant  of  the  Fifteenth  District  by  Mayor  Smith,  May 
i,  1884,  and  made  a  lieutenant  August  i  of  the  same  year.  The 
district  station-house  is  situated  at  the  corner  of  Paul  and  Ruan 
streets,  Frankford.  There  are  also  two  sub-stations  located  on 
Main  Street,  Holmesburg,  and  at  Tacony,  respectively.  There  is  a 
telephone  station  at  Bustleton.  The  Fifteenth  District  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  Bucks  County  line,  on  the  east  by  the  Dela- 
ware River,  on  the  south  by  Frankford  Creek,  and  on  the  west  by 
Montgomery  County  and  the  Fourteenth  Police  District.  The 
United  States  Arsenal,  House  of  Correction,  Friends'  Asylum  for 
the  Insane,  Eden  Hall,  a  famous  Roman  Catholic  Boarding  School, 
St.  Vincent's  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  the  Oxford  and  Lower 
Dublin  Poor  House,  Wright's  Institute  and  the  Forest  Home  for 


5i8  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Actors  are  all  within  its  boundaries.  It  comprises  one  of  the  larg- 
est manufacturing  districts  in  the  city. 

Sergeant  ALBERT  HANSON  was  bom  in  Chester  Co.,  Pa., 
August  26,  1853.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  February  19,  1879,  and  was  made  special  officer  by 
Mayor  King  in  February,  1883  ;  was  promoted  to  sergeant  in  Au- 
gust, 1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  Among  the  important  afrests  which 
Sergeant  Hanson  has  made  were  Edward  O'Neil,  on  January  12, 
1881,  for  highway  robbery  ;  Grant  Frankenfield,  burglary ;  Thomas 
O'Neil,  highway  robbery ;  and  Charles  Mahan,  burglary. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  R.  ASHTON  was  born  at  Beverly,  N.  J., 
on  July  8,  1842.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  September  10,  1880;  resigned  March  lo,  1881,  and 
re-entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June  10,  1884. 
He  was  appointed  sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  i,  1886. 
He  served  in  the  army  from  May  31,  1861,  to  May  31,  1865,  and 
was  wounded  in  the  neck  at  Cedar  Creek,  West  Virginia. 

Sergeant  DANIEL  W.  LANARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
June  29,  1850.  He  was  appointed  as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley 
on  October  2,  1875,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  January  i,  1886,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Tacony 
sub-station. 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  B.  SHALLCROSS  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  on  January  15,  1853.  He  was  appointed  house- 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  December  4,  1874. 

House-Sergeant  MALCOM  MURRAY  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia on  February  7,  1844.  He  entered  the  service  as  sub- 
patrolman  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  10,  1876,  and  was 
made  a  regular  on  March  22,  1878.  He  was  detailed  as  acting 
house-sergeant  at  Holmesburg  sub-station  on  September  9,  1879, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  Frankford  station  on  October  4,  1882. 
On  November  29,  1884,  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him  as  regular 
house-sergeant.  He  served  two  years  and  nine  months  in  the 
army. 

House-Sergeant  JONATHAN  B.  WELLS  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia on  March  21,  1844.  He  entered  the  department  under 
Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and  was  promoted  to  house- 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  on  December  31,  1885.  He  served  two 
years  in  the  army  and  was  wounded  at  Gettysburg. 

House-Sergeant  THOMAS  H.   KEHO  was   born    in    Cohoes, 


WILLIAM  L.  DUNGAN, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Fifteenth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  52i 

New  York,  on  March  10,  1848.  He  entered  the  department 
under  Mayor  Stokley  on  March  7,  1872.  He  was  promoted 
to  house-sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  January  i,  1886.  He  entered 
the  army  when  thirteen  years  of  age  as  a  drummer  boy,  and  served 
four  years  and  three  months,  and  was  shot  in  the  knee  at  Fred- 
ericksburg. 

House-Sergeant  LEWIS  TRAMPE,  stationed  at  Tacony  sub- 
station, was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  i,  1848.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  April  28,  1877,  as  patrolman  of  the 
Tenth  District.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Fifteenth  District  in 
1886  by  Mayor  Smith,  and  was  made  house-sergeant  of  the  Ta- 
cony sub-station. 

JAMES  WRIGHT  was  born  in  England  on  May  10,  1838.  He 
was  appointed  sub-patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  July  10,  1884, 
and  was  made  a  regular  on  August  i,  following. 

ROBERT  BELL  was  born  in  England  on  May  26,  1848.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  28,  1881. 

JOHN  H.  KRISHER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  27,  1852. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  May  9,  1876. 

CYRUS  O.  DANIELS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  September 
7,  1842.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  No- 
vember 16,  1884.  He  served  during  the  war  in  the  army,  and 
received  two  wounds  at  Gettysburg. 

WILLIAM  J.  JEFFERSON  was  born  in  Delaware  September 
22,  1838.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  Jan- 
uary i,  1875.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army  and  suffered  the 
privations  of  a  Southern  prison  and  was  wounded  at  Petersburg. 

CHARLES  R.  CARWITHEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
December  27,  1840.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  June  5,  1873.  He  made  a  number  of  important  ar- 
rests. 

WILLIAM  ENOCH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  25, 
1839.  He  served  two  years  and  six  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  department  by  Mayor  Stokley  on 
May  10,  1876,  and  has  made  several  arrests  for  burglary. 

HARVEY  ATKINSON  was  born  at  Holmesburg  on  October 
30,  1847.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
arrested  Charles  Shaw  for  stealing  a  horse  and  wagon  in  Mont- 
gomery County,  and  had  him  convicted  and  sent  to  State's  prison 
for  ten  years.  Served  in  the  army. 


522  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

OTHO  E.  BOOZ  was  born  in  Jersey  City  on  March  25,  1857. 
He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Smith,  on  June  5,  1884. 

CHARLES  S.  RILEY  was  born  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  December 
15,  1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  August  i,  1884. 

FREDERICK  KREITZER  was  born  on  November  5,  1830, 
at  Philadelphia.  He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Stokley 
on  January  i,  1872.  He  made  a  number  of  important  arrests, 
among  them  Michael  Burns,  a  burglar.  He  served  in  the  army. 

JACOB  ABRAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  ^n  December  10, 
1832.  He  was  appointed  as  a  sub-officer  by  Mayor  Stokley  on 
June  6,  1873,  and  was  made  a  regular  a  month  later.  He  has 
made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

WILLIAM  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  21, 
1825.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  on  June 
13,  1858  ;  resigned  May  31,  1869.  Mayor  Stokley  reappointed 
him  on  January  i,  1872.  He  captured  Samuel  Lukens,  a  barn- 
burner and  horse  thief,  and  had  him  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for 
six  years. 

HENRY  W.  McCOOL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January 
24,  1844.  He  served  three  years  in  the  gist  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers  during  the  late  war.  He  was  appointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  February  20,  1886,  and  was  detailed  as  special 
officer  on  April  20,  1886.  He  arrested  Frank  Hart,  a  horse  thief. 

JOHN  BELL  was  born  in  England  March  24,  1846.  He  en- 
tered the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June  5,  1884. 

GEORGE  DINGLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  9, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November  10, 
1880.  He  arrested  Dennis  Wright  on  September  4,  1884,  for 
burglary. 

GEORGE  W.  MYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  November 
24,  1842.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  November  9^ 
1884.  He  served  in  the  army  and  spent  three  months  in  Libby 
Prison. 

WILLIAM  R.  BALDWIN,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Dela- 
ware County  on  July  2,  1820.  He  entered  the  department  as 
lieutenant  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  through  the  terms  of  mayors  Stokley,  King  and 
Smith  up  to  August  i,  1884,  since  which  time  he  has  been  acting 
as  a  special  officer. 

THOMAS  J.  MARKLEY  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Pa., 

I 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


523 


on  December  27,  1839.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  January  i,  1875.  He  arrested  John  Jones  and  Wil- 
liam Hammett,  highway  robbers,  and  Moses  Gardner,  a  horse  thief, 
and  others,  all  of  whom  were  sent  to  prison  for  various  terms. 

WILLIAM  H.  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March 
5,  1855.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June 
5,  1884.  He  arrested,  on  April  22,  1886,  Alexander  Barrett,  a 
house-breaker ;  James  Coyle,  a  highway  robber,  on  April  9,  1885, 
and  others. 

WILLIAM  C.  WEISHAAR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Sep- 
tember 10,  1830.  He  was  appointed  on  December  31,  1874,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  He  arrested  Adam  Thomson  for  shooting  a 
negro  named  George  Rickets. 

CHARLES  R.  BURKE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  February 
16,  1840.  He  entered  the  department  on  December  31,  1873, 
under  Mayor  Stokley.  He  served  three  years  in  the  United 
States  Army. 

CHARLES  H.  MYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  February 
i,  1850.  He  entered  ihe  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
January  i,  1875.  He  arrested  Cornelius  Hackett,  for  car  robbery, 
and  William  Rowe,  a  burglar. 

GEORGE  HENRY  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
March  21,  1847.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith 
on  May  20,  1885.  He  served  four  years  in  the  Regular  Army  and 
was  stationed  at  the  Frankford  Arsenal,  and  also  three  months  in 
the  8th  Union  League  regiment. 

EDWIN  H.  PRICE  was  born  on  April  24,  1853.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  on  February  9,  1878. 

ELI  BROMILEY  was  born  in  Bolton,  England,  on  June  24, 
1835.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June 
10,  1884.  He  served  four  years  in  the  army.  He  arrested  one 
Winterbottom  for  an  assault  on  his  wife  with  intent  to  kill. 

EDWARD  J.  HAINES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Septem- 
ber 4,  1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  June  i, 
1872.  He  served  five  years  in  the  United  States  Army. 

RICHARD  B.  EARL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January  5, 
1842.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June 
1 6,  1886.  He  arrested  Robert  Mansfield  for  highway  robbery. 

JAMES  A.   DEAN  was  born  in  York  County,   Pa.,  on  August 


524  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

25,  1835.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
June  10,  1884.  He  served  three  years  in  the  army. 

JOHN  A.  SHELMIRE  was  born  in  Holmesburg  on  November 
22,  1838.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on 
January  17,  1885. 

GEORGE  W.  BOWLER  was  born  in  Frankford  on  January 
15,  1860.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on 
June  13,  1884. 

CHARLES  H.  HUCKEL  was  born  in  Frankford  in  May,  1855. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  in  1882. 

ISAAC  C.  WINGERT  was  born  at  Pottsville,  Pa.,  on  April  23, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  June  18,  1884.  He 
served  five  years  in  the  United  States  Infantry.  He  arrested 
James  Coyle,  a  highway  robber,  and  Samuel  Hayward,  a  thief. 

JAMES  W.  LEE  was  born  in  Frankford  November  12,  1855. 
He  entered  the  service  under  Mayor  Smith  on  June  10,  1884. 

WILLIAM  M.  ABRAMS  was  born  in  Frankford  on  October 
12,  1843.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  on 
June  10,  1884.  He  served  nearly  four  years  in  the  army,  was 
wounded  twice,  and  spent  eight  months  in  Andersonville  Prison. 

EDWARD  TOMLINSON  was  born  on  August  22,  1839,  in 
Bucks  County,  Pa.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Smith  on  June  5,  1884. 

JAMES  W.  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  on 
June  16,  1842.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith 
in  1884. 

WILLIAM  J.  HORNER  was  born  in  Beverly,  N.  J.,  on  Novem- 
ber 27,  1855.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  March  12,  1886. 

JAMES  OLDHAM  was  born  at  Frankford,  Philadelphia,  on 
March  26,  1862.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  April  20,  1886. 

WILLIAM  J.  SHIELDS  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I..  March 
3,  1858.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  on  November  15, 
1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLETT  WEEKS,  turnkey,  was  born  in  West  Chester  Co., 
New  York,  on  March  25,  1812.  He  entered  the  department  under 
Mayor  Henry  and  served  six  months  under  Mayor  Fox.  He 
was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  has  been  in  continuous 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


525 


service   since.     He   served    three   years   in    the    army   and   was 
wounded  at  Chancellorsville. 

THE  SIXTEENTH   DISTRICT. 

E.  M.  BAILEY,  lieutenant  of  the  Sixteenth  District,  was  born 
on  December  17,  1839,  m  the  Twenty-fourth  Ward,  Philadelphia, 
within  half  a  square  of  the  station-house  of  the  district  which  he 
now  commands.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  the 
city,  and  afterward  was  apprenticed  to  the  carpentry  trade.  After 
finishing  his  apprenticeship,  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  he  en- 
listed in  Col.  Day's  regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  after  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  when  the  national  capital  was  thought 
to  be  in  danger  of  capture  by  the  Confederate  forces.  He  was 
stationed  with  his  regiment  at  Wilmington  for  almost  three  weeks. 
In  1863,  at  the  time  of  Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania,  Mr.  Bailey 
enlisted  in  the  45th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  was 
on  duty  at  Williamsport,  Pa.,  almost  seven  weeks.  Upon  the 
return  of  the  regiment  to  Philadelphia,  it  was  mustered  out  of 
service.  Mr.  Bailey  then  resumed  his  trade,  at  which  he  worked 
until  appointed  telegraph  operator  by  Superintendent  Philips  of 
the  police  and  fire-alarm  telegraph  in  September,  1873.  He  was 
assigned  to  duty  at  the  Sixteenth  District  Station-House.  In  1874 
he  became  house-sergeant  of  the  district,  when  the  telegraph 
operators  were  merged  into  the  police  department,  under  Mayor 
Stokley.  He  was  promoted  to  the  lieutenancy  on  January  i,  1885, 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

All  of  Lieutenant  Bailey's  life  has  been  passed  in  the  Sixteenth 
District,  where  he  was  born  and  has  lived  almost  within  the  shade 
of  his  station-house,  and  nearly  fourteen  years  of  it  have  been 
passed  in  the  police  service.  While  he  is  genial  and  kind  with  his 
men,  with  many  of  whom  he  has  been  associated  during  his  long 
term  of  service,  he  is  strict  in  maintaining  discipline,  and  they  are 
held  to  a  rigid  accountability  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties.  He 
possesses  the  confidence  and  respect  of  those  under  him,  while  he 
is  justly  proud  of  them.  As  a  rule,  they  are  large,  soldierly-looking 
fellows,  a  number  of  whom  stand  over  six  feet.  One  is  six  feet 
two  and  a  half  inches  in  height.  While  at  one  time  the  Sixteenth 
was  an  unruly  one,  and  had  to  a  large  extent  a  rough  element 
with  which  its  officers  had  to  deal,  it  is  as  orderly  now  as  any 
other  in  the  city.  It  is  also  one  of  the  largest,  extending  from 


526  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Market  Street  as  far  north  as  Manayunk  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  to  Overbrook  on  the  Pennsylvania  R.  R. 
and  the  county  line  on  the  west.  All  of  the  yards  and  car  shops 
of  the  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Company  are  located  within  the  dis- 
trict, and  these,  with  the  labyrinth  of  railroad  tracks  of  that  com- 
pany's system  also  centring  here,  are  fruitful  causes  of  accident 
cases  which  the  officers  of  the  district  have  to  handle,  and  which 
add  not  a  little  to  their  duties.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1885,  it  is 
estimated  that  fully  two  hundred  thousand  people  passed  through 
the  district  to  visit  the  National  Encampment  and  the  Wild  West 
Show.  This  crowd  of  people  was  handled  by  the  Sixteenth's 
officers,  and  not  an  accident  happened. 

The  Sixteenth  District  Station-House  is  situated  at  the  corner 
of  Thirty-ninth  Street  and  Lancaster  Avenue.  The  district  ex- 
tends along  Market  Street  from  the  Schuylkill  River  to  the  county 
line,  thence  along  the  county  line  to  City  Avenue,  along  City 
Avenue  to  the  Schuylkill  River,  along  the  Schuylkill  River  to  the 
Fairmount  Park  line,  along  the  Park  line  around  George's  Hill 
to  Elm  Avenue,  along  Elm  Avenue  line  to  Girard  Avenue,  along 
Girard  Avenue  to  the  Schuylkill  River,  along  the  river  to  Market 
Street,  the  place  of  beginning.  Six  large  woollen  mills,  Hunter's 
extensive  calico  print-works,  and  other  large  mills,  two  machine 
shops,  three  large  street  railway  passenger  depots  and  stables,  the 
Philadelphia  stock  yards  and  abbatoir,  three  large  hotels  and  sale 
stables,  and  nearly  all  the  prominent  wholesale  butchering  estab- 
lishments in  the  city  are  among  the  industrial  establishments  in 
this  district.  The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  the 
Blind  Men's  Home  and  Workshop,  the  House  of  the  Good  Shep- 
herd, the  Old  Man's  Home  and  the  Home  for  Aged  Colored  Men 
and  Women,  Christ  Church  Hospital  for  Old  Women,  the  Mechan- 
ics M.  E.  Orphanage,  and  a  large  number  of  handsome  residences, 
are  also  within  its  limits. 

Sergeant  JOSEPH  R.  ALLISON  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Penn.,  and  is  forty-six  years  old.  He  served  three  years  and  one 
month  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war.  Was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  on  February  14,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  pro- 
moted to  sergeant  February  19,  1873.  He  participated  in  the 
arrest  of  Samuel  and  John  Johnson,  April,  1873,  for  robbing  cars 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  who  were  sentenced  to 
three  years  each  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Sergeant  Allison, 


E.  M.  BAILEY, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Sixteenth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  52g 

with  a  squad  of  officers,  arrested  Frederick  Troup,  John  Beard 
and  Thomas  Cromby,  in  December,  1875,  for  the  killing,  by  shoot- 
ing, of  Thomas  Sheridan  at  Ashworth  farm,  Delaware  County  : 
sentenced  to  three  years'  imprisonment  each.  In  February,  1886, 
he  arrested  James  Irvin,  Mark  Harris  and  John  Buchanan  for 
burglary,  and  Bernard  Kehoe,  James  Dempsey,  John  A.  Gorman, 
Dennis  Dempsey  and  John  H.  Gorman  for  the  killing  of  Eliza 
Brown  in  1876. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  McDOWELL  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  is 
thirty-six  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  Jan- 
uary 3,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  promoted  to  sergeant  May  i, 
1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  arrested  May  26,  1876,  Daniel  Black- 
burn for  larceny;  December  28,  1881,  Samuel  Jaggers  for  larceny  ; 
August  6,  1880,  Thomas  Welsh  for  assault  and  battery ;  May  23, 
1881,  Ludlow  Lanning  for  assault  to  kill ;  February  27,  1882,  An- 
thony Pierson,  Lewis  Foxstme  and  Frank  Filler,  for  larceny.  May 
28,  1882,  Sergeant  McDowell,  with  Special  Officer  Stephens  and 
officers  Jackson  and  Palmer,  under  the  directions  of  Lieutenant 
Bailey,  arrested  Patrick  Coyle  for  the  murder  of  John  Crompton, 
by  stabbing,  and  John  Eppley  as  accessory.  Coyle  plead  guilty, 
and  was  sentenced  to  eight  years'  imprisonment.  November  22, 
1886,  Sergeant  McDowell  arrested  Michael  McCall,  for  assault 
to  kill. 

House-Sergeant  JAMES  B.  ROBINSON  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  is  thirty-nine  years  old.  He  is  a  painter  by  trade.  Was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  September,  1873, 
and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  in  October,  1877.  He  arrested, 
July  9,  1874,  Louis  Heinecke  for  burglary;  September  6,  1875, 
Harry  Stewell  for  larceny;  May  29,  1876,  William  R.  Murry  for 
house  robbery,  and  April  20,  1877.  Frank  Rappan  for  house- 
breaking. 

House-Sergeant  ROBERT  CORRISTON  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  is  thirty-six  years  old.  He  is  a  carpenter  by  trade. 
Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i, 
1875,  and  resigned  April  7,  the  same  year.  Was  reappointed  No- 
vember 7,  1879,  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  January  i,  1885. 
He  arrested,  April  27,  1882,  John  Tryford  and  John  Kelley  for 
house-breaking ;  also  Charles  Moore,  assault  to  kill,  and  George 
Griffith  for  horse-stealing. 

House-Sergeant  JAMES  L.  WILSON  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 


530  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  is  forty-nine  years  of  age.  By  trade  he  is  an  iron  worker.  He 
Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  April  28,  1873,  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley,  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  January  i,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith.  He  served  three  years  and  three  months  in  the  U.  S. 
Army  during  the  late  war.  Arrested  November  14,  1873,  John 
Kessler  for  burglary;  January  17,  1876,  Mark  Harris,  for  attempt 
at  burglary ;  August  7,  1879,  James  Johnson,  Isaac  Williams  and 
John  Smith,  for  robbing  railroad  cars  ;  October  13,  1882,  Harry 
White,  alias  Harry  Akens,  for  horse-stealing;  October  9,  1882, 
Julia  Allen,  alias  Jane  Owens,  for  larceny  ;  April  15,  1883,  Jesse 
Stokes  for  assault  to  kill,  and  May  22,  1883,  John  Henry,  alias 
William  Griffith,  hotel  thief,  all  of  whom  received  various  sentences 
of  imprisonment. 

SAMUEL  STEPHENS,  special  officer  of  the  Sixteenth  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  is  thirty-nine  years  old.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force  August  13,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley,  and  promoted  to  special  officer  in  1877  In  his  ten  years  of 
service  as  a  special  officer,  Stephens  has  made  many  important 
arrests.  Among  them  may  be  mentioned  Paul  Ryder,  hotel  thief, 
June  6,  1877  ;  March  18,  1877,  John  Young,  for  highway  robbery  ; 
May  23,  1877,  C.'  Wilson,  alias  W.  Smith,  for  larceny;  February 
10,  1878,  Philip  Bean  and  James  Monigan  for  house  robbery ; 
March  6,  1878,  T.  Doyle,  alias  John  Miller,  for  house  robbery  • 
January  10.  1879,  "  Redcly  "  Sullivan  for  burglary;  October  4, 
1882,  F.  Kremberg  for  robbery;  October  13,  1882,  S.  White,  alias 
Harry  Akens  for  horse  stealing;  June  26,  1883,  Alexander  Wil- 
liams for  burglary  and  arson  ;  July  13,  1883,  John  Simpson  for 
horse  stealing;  September  26,  1883,  Melvin  A.  Lewis,  thief; 
November  2,  1884,  Harry  Vanmeater  for  forgery ;  November  6, 
1884,  Isaac  Proctor  for  burglary  ;  December  30,  1884,  William 
Williams  for  arson;  January  17,  1885,  Frank  Dale  for  robbery: 
May  4,  1885,  Mark  S.  Levering  for  forgery  ;  November  29,  1885, 
Sam  Oakes  for  larceny  ;  December  4,  1885,  Charles  Johnson  for 
burglary;  December  26,  1885,  Michael  Kennedy  for  highway  rob- 
bery, and  July  17,  1886,  Isaac  Hall  for  the  killing  of  William 
Johnston  with  a  base-ball  bat. 

WILLIAM  A.  McKINLEY,  detailed  to  special  duty  under 
Captain  Allbright,  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  April  9,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith.  It  is  his  duty  to  look 
after  the  enforcement  of  city  ordinances  touching  licenses  and  the 


PAST  AXU    PRESENT. 


531 


like,  and  other  special  duty  to  which  he  may  be  assigned  by  his 
captain. 

WILLIAM  D.  JOHNSTON  was  born  in  New  Jersey  and  is 
thirty-nine  years  old.  Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  as  spe- 
cial officer  May  22,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  arrested,  Decem- 
ber 10,  1884,  A.  Devere,  alias  A.  Divine,  for  house  robbery  ; 
April  17,  1885,  Charles  Powers  for  horse  stealing;  September  3, 
1885,  James  Gorman,  assault  to  kill ;  February  27,  1886,  Samuel 
Howard  for  outrageous  assault ;  March  6,  1886,  A.  Granville  Gray 
for  forgery  ;  March  n,  1886,  Harry  Boyd  and  William  Reid  for 
highway  robbery,  and  August  2,  1886,  William  Jones,  Howard 
Wyman  and  Ludlow  Lanning  for  burglar)'. 

WILLIAM  THELENBERG  was  born  in  Germany  November 
30,  1834.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Janu- 
ary i,  1872. 

ALEXANDER  BOYD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
six  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January  i,  1872.  Arrested,  August  26,  1872,  William  Stout  for 
assault  to  kill,  and  January  17,  1873,  George  Gill  for  forgery. 

CHARLES  W.  WHITE  was  born  in  England,  and  is  fifty-nine 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in 
September,  1865. 

HENRY  MARS  was  born  in  Ireland  and  is  forty-six  years  old. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i, 
1872.  Arrested,  July  16,  1883,  Frank  Forrest  for  burglary. 

WILLIAM  ROSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-eight 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  15,  1872, 
by  Mayor  Stokley.  Served  five  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 
Arrested,  September  16,  1884,  Patrick  Ferris  for  assault  to  kill. 

GEORGE  BAUMGARDNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
forty-two  years  old.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  one  year. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  February,  1872. 
He  arrested  John  Allen,  alias  Eli  Jacob,  for  horse  stealing  on  Sep- 
tember 29,  1875,  and  John  Hanna  and  Thomas  Deary,  for  burg- 
lary February  7,  1881. 

WILLIAM  GUM  PERT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty 
years  of  age.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years.  Was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  July,  1872. 

DANIEL  C.  DAVIS  was   born   in    Philadelphia   and   is   fifty 


532  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
October  16,  1873. 

SAMUEL  WHITE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-six 
years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January  i,  1875.  Arrested,  August  12,  1881,  Mathias  Miller,  for 
assault  to  kill,  and,  May  27,  1882,  William  Kelley  for  house-break- 
ing- 

JOHN  S.  TROUT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-six 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1875,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

GEORGE  N.  CADY  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  and  is  fifty- 
eight  years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  December,  1874. 
Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

JOSEPH  McKINLEY  was  born  in  Ohio  and  is  thirty-six  years 
old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1875,  by  Mayor 
Stokley.  Among  other  important  arrests  made  by  Officer 
McKinley  was  that  of  William  McKibben  for  killing  his  wife. 

MORRIS  M.  STRINGFIELD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
forty-eight  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  March  31,  1875. 

JACOB  STINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  forty  years  of 
age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  27, 

i875. 

JAMES  K.  DEARIE  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  Served  in  the 
U.  S.  Army  three  months.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  May  8,  1876. 

RICHARD  GREEN  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  is  forty- 
eight  years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  in  July,  1876. 

RUFUS  B.  BAILEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  thirty- 
nine  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
April  14,  1877. 

WILLIAM  S.  ROBINSON  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  is 
thirty-seven  years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  15, 
1877. 

JOHN  R.  JACKSON  was  born  in  England,  and  is  thirty-six 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Jan- 
uary 7,  1878. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


533 


CHARLES  DOUD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty-five 
years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years  and  one  month. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  21,  1878. 

JOHN  MORRISSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty-six 
years  of  age.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  months.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  7,  1878. 

FRANCIS  S.  ADAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
two  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
February  16,.  1879.  Was  detailed  to  special  duty  at  Broad  Street 
Station,  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  for  six  years,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Sixteenth  District.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

WILLIAM  G.  PALMER  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  is  forty 
years  of  age.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  one  year.  Wras  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  November,  1879. 
Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

GEORGE  H.  SMEDLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty-seven  years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Stokley  May  17,  1880. 

SAMUEL  D.  FORD  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  is  fifty-two 
years  of  age.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King 
September  29,  1881. 

JOHN  LONG  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  is  forty-four  years 
old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years  and  ten  months.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  in  January,  1883. 

HENRY  C.  SEACRIST  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  is 
twenty-six  years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Smith  May  22,  1884. 

PRATT  HOOPES  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  forty-two 
years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  three  years  and  eleven 
months.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  22,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  McFARLAND  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  is 
thirty-four  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  July  10,  1884. 

JOSEPH  BILES  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  thirty-three 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  in  September,  1884,  by 
Mayo.  Smith.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

JOHN  LEACH  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  thirty-five 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  Oc- 
tober 13,  1884. 


534 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


EDWARD  HOGAN  was  born  in  Ireland  and  is  fifty-one  years 
old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  four  years.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  October  n,  1884. 

WILLIAM  C.  SHRINER  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is 
thirty-five  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  January,  1885. 

JAMES  T.  SPRINGFIELD  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is 
twenty-seven  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  in  January,  1885. 

AUGUSTUS  W.  SMITH  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  is 
forty  years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  two  years.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  January  22,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ROBERT  HENRY  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  is  thirty-eight 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  Janu- 
ary 22,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  DANKEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is 
forty-five  years  old.  Served  thirteen  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  22,  1886. 

ANDREW  McGIRR  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  forty 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in 
May,  1876. 

JAMES  STINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  forty-three 
years  old.  Served  seven  years  and  three  months  in  the  U.  S. 
Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  February 
15,  1886. 

JOHN  HARBRIDGE  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  thirty, 
six  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith, 
March  10,  1886. 

JAMES  GLASSEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-five 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  March 
30,  1886. 

JOHN  DALEY,  hack  inspector  of  the  Second  Division,  was 
born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  January  9,  1841.  Appointed  by 
Mayor  Smith,  June  23,  1884. 

JACOB  MILLER,  special  officer,  was  born  January  8,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  6,  1887,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

Patrol  Station  No.  3  is  located  at  the  Sixteenth  District  Station- 
House.  The  system  has  been  in  operation  in  the  district  since 
October,  1885,  and  has  been  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  officers. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  535 

The  line  of  signal-boxes  extends  to  its  farthest  limit,  one  being 
located  at  Seventy-second  Street  and  Haverford  Avenue. 

Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  BROWN,  of  patrol  station  No.  3,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  thirty-nine  years  old.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  as  patrol  sergeant  November  9,  1886, 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  R.  B.  LORD,  of  patrol  station  No.  3,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  forty  years  old.  Served  in  the  U.  S. 
Army  two  months.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  15, 
1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  Promoted  to  patrol  sergeant  January  i, 
1886,  by  Mayor  Smith.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

CHARLES  E.  KUNKLE,  of  patrol  No.  3,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia and  is  thirty-one  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  May  8,  1876,  and  assigned  to  police  patrol  ser- 
vice by  Mayor  Smith  January  i,  1886.  Has  made  a  large  number 
of  important  arrests. 

DAVID  S.  SMILEY,  of  patrol  No.  3,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  is  thirty-four  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  June  15,  1876,  and  assigned  to  the  police  pa- 
trol service  by  Mayor  Smith  January  i,  1886. 

WILLIAM  R.  MILLER,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  3,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  and  is  thirty-five  years  old.  Appointed  to 
the  police  patrol  service  by  Mayor  Smith  August  26,  1885. 

JONATHAN  BERRY,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  3,  was 
born  in  England,  and  is  thirty-seven  years  old.  Appointed  to 
the  police  patrol  service  August  26,  1885. 

AARON  LEE,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  is  thirty-two 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  Janu- 
ary 22,  1886. 

SUBSTITUTE    PATROLMEN. 

DANIEL  LEWIS  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  December  n,  1886. 

GEORGE  TIMLIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  January  14, 
1860.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  24,  1876,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

JACOB  LATCH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-eight 
years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  July 
12,  1886. 

PATRICK  H.  LANAHAN  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  is  thirty 


536  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

years  old.     Served  in  the   U.   S.  Navy  one  year.     Appointed  to 
the  police  force  August  2,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HARRY  DICKINSON  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  June  22, 
1845.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  18,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

THE    SEVENTEENTH    DISTRICT. 

GEORGE  W.  THOMPSON,  lieutenant  of  the  Seventeenth 
Police  District,  was  born  in  County  Derry,  Ireland,  .July  14,  1846, 
and  came  to  this  country  when  ten  years  of  age.  He  enlisted  in  the 
U.  S.  Marine  Corps  in  August,  1863,  and  was  attached  to  the 
North  Atlantic  Squadron  under  command  of  Admiral  Porter. 
He  was  wounded  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Fisher  January  15,  1865, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant  in  the  following 
November.  He  was  discharged  in  1867.  In  December,  1874, 
Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  to  the  police  force  as  patrolman,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  July,  1877,  when  he  resigned.  He 
was  reappointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  April  14,  1884, 
as  lieutenant  of  the  Seventeenth  Police  District.  During  his  con- 
nection with  the  department  Lieutenant  Thompson  has  made  a 
number  of  important  arrests.  On  January  n,  1885,  officers  of  his 
district  arrested  James  Kane  for  the  murder  of  his  brother  Andrew. 
On  Sunday  night,  January  n,  1885,  "  Jimmie  "  Kane,  a  desperate 
"  thug  "  with  a  bad  record,  shot  and  killed  his  brother  "  Andy,"  in 
his  saloon  at  810  South  Street.  The  place  where  the  crime  was 
committed  was  a  rendezvous  of  the  worst  thieves,  cut-throats  and 
debased  women  in  the  lower  section  of  the  city.  Among  the  habit- 
ues of  the  place  was  a  woman  who  called  herself  Amanda  Cross. 
She  was  the  acknowledged  mistress  of  James  Kane,  and  he  was  jeal- 
ous of  his  brother  Andrew's  attentions  to  her.  On  the  day  of  the 
murder  the  brothers  were  both  drinking,  and  when  James  Kane 
entered  his  saloon  in  the  evening  he  had  a  loaded  revolver  in  his 
pocket.  As  soon  as  he  saw  his  brother  he  stepped  up  to  him  and 
drawing  his  revolver  shot  him  in  the  breast.  Andrew  fell  to  the 
floor,  fatally  wounded,  and  James  coolly  turned  away  saying,  "  Well, 
it  had  to  be  one  of  us."  The  wounded  man  died  shortly  after  at 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  Before  he  died  he  made  an  ante 
mortem  statement  that  he  had  been  shot  by  his  brother  James. 
The  latter  had  been  arrested  immediately  after  committing  the 
crime.  He  was  tried,  convicted  and  hanged  for  the  fratricide. 


GEORGE  W.  THOMPSON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Seventeenth  District. 


FAST  AND  PRESENT.  e^g 

The  Seventeenth  District  comprises  the  Twenty-sixth  Ward  of  the 
city  and  is  bounded  as  follows  :  beginning  at  south-west  corner  of 
Broad  Street  and  Washington  Avenue,  extending  along  the  west 
side  of  Broad  Street  to  Ellsworth  Street ;  south  side  of  Ells- 
worth Street  to  Passyunk  Road;  along  Passyunk  Road  to  Broad 
Street ;  along  Broad  Street  to  the  Schuylkill  River  ;  along  the 
Schuylkill  to  Washington  Avenue  and  to  Broad  Street,  and  em- 
braces an  area  of  seven  square  miles.  The  station-house  is  lo- 
cated on  Taylor  Street,  below  Passyunk  Avenue.  Moya- 
mensing  Prison  is  located  in  the  Seventeenth  District.  Also  a 
number  of  important  manufacturing  establishments. 

The  patrol  service  system  is  being  constructed  in  the  Seven- 
teenth District,  and  the  patrol  station  will  be  located  at  that  sta- 
tion-house. 

Sergeant  BENJAMIN  A.  TOMLINSON  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia July  29,  1846.  He  enlisted  for  three  months  in  the  32d 
Regiment  Grey  Reserves,  in  June,  1863,  and  re-enlisted  in 
December,  1863,  in  the  2gth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  for  three 
years,  and  served  with  General  Sherman  on  the  march  to  the  sea. 
He  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  July,  1865,  at  Philadelphia. 
Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  to  the  police  force  as  patrolman  in 
February,  1872,  and  he  was  promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor 
Smith  August  9,  1886. 

Sergeant  JOHN  WILSON  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1837.  He 
enlisted  in  the  6th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  September 
25,  1861,  as  a  private,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  October  i, 
1862.  He  was  discharged  October  3,  1864.  Was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872,  and  promoted 
to  sergeant  April  22,  1874. 

Sergeant  DAVID  McCOACH,  detailed  to  the  sub-station  at 
Point  Breeze,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  19,  1856.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  May  17,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley, 
and  promoted  to  sergeant  December  31,  1885. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  PRIOR  was  born  in  England 
April  19,  1841.  He  enlisted  in  the  72d  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers  (Baxter's  Philadelphia  Fire  Zouaves),  and  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  where  he  lost  a  leg  and  was  discharged. 
He  was  appointed  telegraph  operator  by  Mayor  Henry  in  1863, 
and  became  house-sergeant  when  the  operators  were  merged  into 
the  police  department  under  Mayor  Stokley. 


540  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

House-Sergeant  GEORGE  H.  WHITTINGHAM  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  forty-one  years  ago.  He  went  into  the  department 
as  patrolman  on  February  19,  1874,  when  he  received  his  appoint- 
ment from  Mayor  Stokley.  He  had  served  a  little  over  ten  years 
as  patrolman  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  house- 
sergeant  of  the  sixth  district  on  December  8,  1885,  by  Mayor 
Smith,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Seventeenth  on  December  4, 
1886.  His  war  record  is  three  years  and  seven  months  of  honor- 
able service  in  the  United  States  Navy  during  the  war.  During  his 
service  as  patrolman  he  made  a  number  of  important  arrests.  On 
September  7,  1883,  he  arrested  Henry  Donohue  for  arson,  and  on 
December  4  he  arrested  Joseph  Keating,  charged  with  the  same 
crime. 

HENRY  SIMON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  14,  1840. 
Served  in  both  the  army  and  navy  during  the  late  war.  Appointed 
to  the  police  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

MARTIN  F.  KELLEY  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1839.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

JOHN  LAFFERTY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Match  3,  1840. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  19,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

CHARLES  B.ALLEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  14,  1850. 
Served  in  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps  in  the  late  war.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  March  i,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

HENRY  WALKER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  i,  1855. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1880. 

JAMES  DOWNS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  23,  1854, 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  15,  1886. 

ISAAC  N.  MOORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  24, 
1844.  Served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1874. 

SAMUEL  W.  ORR  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  19,  1853. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  15,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

GEORGE  RITCHIE  was  born  in  Ireland  August  n,  1840. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1884. 

JOHN  PAUL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  28,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  28,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

LAWRENCE  JACKSON  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  on 
September  ro,  1847.  By  appointment  of  Mayor  King  he  became 
a  patrolman  on  September  6,  1883,  and  has  served  since.  Dur- 
ing the  war  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  of 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  54I 

U.  S.  colored  troops.  On  March  17,  1885,  he  arrested  Edward 
Roberts  for  larceny,  and  was  instrumental  in  having  him  sent  to 
prison  for  fifteen  months. 

GEORGE  McFETRIDGE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  June 
2,  1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  July  8,  1884. 

FRANK  KILPATRICK  (No.  2)  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
September  n,  1855.  He  was  made  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  May  16,  1886. 

SAMUEL  CHESTNUT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  December 
14,  1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884. 

BENJAMIN  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Ireland,  November  10, 
1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Fox  in  April,  1871,  serving 
two  years.  On  July  15,  1877,  he  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley 
and  has  been  in  continuous  service  since.  He  served  during  the 
war  in  the  6th  Ohio  Regiment  of  Volunteers. 

JOHN  W.  BLACK  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  on  February  23, 
1843.  Mayor  Smith  gave  him  an  appointment  as  patrolman  on 
June  i,  1884.  In  February,  1885,  he  arrested  Charles  Clements 
for  the  larceny  of  a  quantity  of  jewellery  and  watches.  He  has  a 
war  record  of  twelve  weeks'  service. 

JOSEPH  ORR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  April  7,  1856.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  i,  1884. 

CHARLES  S.  HALL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  29,  1857. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  22,  1884, 

HUGH  IRWIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  2,  1842. 
Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  in  June,  1875,  and  he  has 
remained  on  the  force  up  to  the  present  time.  Served  as  a  Union 
soldier  during  the  late  war. 

OLIVER  P.   PURSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on   March  30, 
1843.     He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  June,  1872.     But 
ing  the  war  Officer  Purse  served  as  engineer  on  the  Government 
transport  Benford,  on  the  Virginia  and  Carolina  coasts. 

HARMAN  T ALLEY  was  born  in  Delaware.  He  was  appointed 
March  7,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  has  been  in  continual  ser- 
vice since.  He  served  in  the  Fifth  Maryland  Volunteer  Regi- 
ment for  three  years. 

JOHN  A.  CAMAC  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  9,  1846. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  July  26,  1878.  During 
his  term  of  service  he  has  captured  several  burglars,  whom  he  was 


c;42  THE  PHILADELPHIA   POLICE, 

instrumental  in  sending  to  prison.     He  served  three  years  in  the 
army. 

JOHN  W.  CONNOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  8,  1862. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  20,  1886. 

JOHN  A.  MAHARG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  i,  1839. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1876,  and  served  through 
the  Centennial  Celebration.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  May  15,  1884. 

HARRY  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  10,  1832. 
He  was  appointed  on  the  force  in  April,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley 
and  has  served  continuously  since. 

•  EMANUEL  W.   KESSLER  was  born  in   Philadelphia  July  26, 
1846.     He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872. 

WOOLSEY  BAXTER  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  Novem- 
ber 29.  1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  on  July  21,  1881. 
He  served  fourteen  years  in  the  United  States  Marine  Corps, 
from  January  14,  1858,  to  January  18,  1872,  and  left  it  with  the 
rank  of  "  Master  of  Arms,"  which  he  received  on  board  the  U.  S< 
S.  S.  Talapoosa  on  January  18,  1871. 

WILLIAM  A.  McAVOY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
10,  1843.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  September  4,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  as  special  officer  of  the 
First  District,  afterwards  being  transferred  to  the  Seventeenth. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  army  during  the  late  war,  and  parti- 
cipated in  all  the  principal  engagements  with  his  command. 

JOHN  BOWDEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  12,  1846.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  16,  1884.  He  served 
through  the  war  and  was  in  most  of  the  principal  engagements. 
He  was  wounded  at  Chapman's  Farm  on  September  29,  1864. 

WILLIAM  GREEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  December  15, 
1842.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  Jan- 
uary i,  1872,  and  has  served  continuously  since. 

JOHN  CHESTNUT  was  born  in  Ireland  February  27,  1851. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  8,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Officer  Chestnut  has  received  a  gold  medal  for  First  Aid  to  the 
Injured,  and  was  complimented  by  the  physicians  of  the  Philadel- 
phia and  University  Hospital  for  his  skill. 

WILLIAM  McINTOSH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  22, 
1844.  Served  four  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


543 


with  the  5th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  January  15,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

FRANK  KILPATRICK  (No.  i)  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and 
is  thirty-two  years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
May  16,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ADAM  McINTYRE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  16,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  May  24,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

CHARLES  BLACK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  4,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  September, 
1880. 

CHRISTOPHER  KENNEDY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
twenty-seven  years  old.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  Jan- 
uary 9,  1886. 

JOHN  T.  BYARD  was  born  in  the  United  States  and  is  forty- 
three  years  old.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  20, 
1884.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JACOB  J.  NEFF  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  appointed 
by  Mayor  Smith  May  26,  1884. 

GEORGE  S.  MINK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  fifty-three 
years  old.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  in 
1862. 

JAMES  McKINNEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  twenty- 
seven  years  old.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  September  18,  1886. 

WILLIAM  B.  RODGERS,  turnkey,  was  born  at  Anquillia,  West 
Indies,  and  is  forty-nine  years  old.  He  was  appointed  turnkey  by 
Mayor  Smith  June  i,  1884.  He  served  during  the  late  war  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  at  Fortress  Monroe,  under  generals 
Butler,  Wolf  and  Dix.  During  the  fight  between  the  Monitor  and 
the  Merrimack,  he  volunteered  to  act  as  fireman  of  the  tug  Adriac 
to  go  to  the  Monitor  and  bring  off  her  captain,  who  had  been 
seriously  wounded,  the  regular  fireman  and  many  of  the  crew 
refusing  to  perform  that  duty. 

SUBSTITUTE    PATROLMAN. 

JACOB  SHETZLINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  twenty- 
seven  years  old.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  September  18,  1886. 


544 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued). 

EIGHTEENTH,  NINETEENTH  AND  TWENTIETH  DISTRICTS.— 
LIEUTENANT  FERGUSON'S  LONG  TERM  OF  SERVICE. — • 
THE  CARPET  MANUFACTURING  INTERESTS  IN  THE 
EIGHTEENTH. — SERGEANTS  SNYDER,  McGARVEY,  COON 
AND  FLETCHER. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTEN- 
ANT SKILTON'S  VIGILANCE  IN  THE  NINETEENTH. — • 

SERGEANTS  HANCE,  McKIBBEN,  BROWN  AND  BOYD.— 
SPECIAL  OFFICER  MCLAUGHLIN.— RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 
—LIEUTENANT  MYERS  AND  HIS  IMPORTANT  DIS- 
TRICT.— PATROL  STATION  NO.  4. — SERGEANTS  EMERY, 
THOMPSON,  ORF,  CLEMENTS,  BERENS,  GESSENGER, 
SKILTON  AND  CLINTON. — SPECIAL  OFFICERS  JAMES 
AND  EARLY. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

THE    EIGHTEENTH    DISTRICT. 

JAMES  FERGUSON,  lieutenant  of  the  Eighteenth  District,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  April  27,  1830.  He  served  through  the 
Mexican  war  under  generals  Taylor  and  Scott,  and  participated  in 
all  the  engagements  from  the  battle  of  Vera  Cruz  to  the  capture  of 
the*  City  of  Mexico.  He  was  present  at  the  storming  and  fall  of 
Cerro  Gordo.  The  first  encounter  in  which  he  was  engaged 
was  at  the  National  Bridge,  and  he  assisted  in  the  capture  of  Fort 
Cherubusco,  when  thirty  deserters  from  the  United  States  Army 
were  also  taken,  among  whom  was  the  celebrated  Colonel  Riley, 
who  had  deserted  from  the  U.  S.  Army  and  joined  the  Mexicans. 
They  were  all  hanged.  On  the  8th  of  September,  1847,  tne  United 
States  troops  attacked  the  Mexicans  at  Molino  del  Rev,  and  after 
a  stubborn  fight  the  fort  capitulated.  On  the  morning  of  the  i4th 
of  September,  the  castle  of  Chapultepec,  after  being  shelled,  was 
carried  by  assault,  and  the  retreating  Mexicans  were  followed  to  the 


JAMES  FERGUSON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Eighteenth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


547 


gates  of  the  City  of  Mexico  by  the  victors.  Lieutenant  Ferguson 
was  gone  from  the  city  of  Philadelphia  two  years.  In  the  company 
with  which  he  went  out  there  were  no  men  ;  when  they  returned 
there  were  but  40.  He  was  a  member  of  the  "  Henry  Guards  " 
during  the  emergency  attending  the  invasion  of  the  State  by  the 
Confederate  forces  under  General  Lee. 

Mr.  Ferguson  was  appointed  a  patrolman  on  the  police  by 
Mayor  Conrad  September  i,  1854,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
until  the  inauguration  of  Mayor  Vaux,  when,  owing  to  changes  on 
the  police  force  incident  to  a  change  in  the  administration,  Officer 
Ferguson  was  discharged.  Mayor  Henry  reappointed  him  to  the 
force  upon  his  inauguration  in  May,  1858.  He  resigned  in  Sep- 
tember, 1869.  On  January  i,  1872,  he  was  appointed  a  reserve 
officer  by  Mayor  Stokley,  who  made  him  lieutenant  of  the  eigh- 
teenth District  August  5,  1875. 

The  district  station-house  is  situated  at  Dauphin  Street  and 
Trenton  Avenue.  The  boundaries  of  the  district  are  from  Oxford 
Street  to  Lehigh  Avenue,  and  from  the  east  side  of  Sixth  Street  to 
Gunner's  Run,  along  Gunner's  Run  to  Nonis  Street,  along  the 
south  side  of  Norris  Street  to  Frankford  Avenue,  along  the  west 
side  of  Frankford  Avenue  to  Oxford  Street,  along  the  north  side 
of  Oxford  Street  to  Sixth  Street.  The  Ontario  Mills,  Dolan  & 
Co.'s  mills,  Bromley  &  Bro.,  Bromley  &  Sons,  and  Bromley  & 
Co.'s  mills,  Ivins,  Dietz  &  Magee's  mills,  Hogg  &  Go's,  mills, 
Scheppert  &  Bro.'s  silk  mills  and  White  &  Co.'s  mills,  all  large  es- 
tablishments employing  a  large  number  of  hands,  with  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars  invested  in  machinery  and  improve- 
ments, ar»  closely  guarded  by  the  officers  of  the  Eighteenth  Dis- 
trict. The  majority  of  the  mills  manufacture  carpets. 

Sergeant  CHARLES  I.  SNYDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Oc- 
tober 20,  1849.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
in  May,  1876,  as  patrolman.  He  was  appointed  special  officer  of 
the  Eighteenth  District  by  Mayor  King.  On  May  i,  1884,  he  was 
promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith.  During  his  connection 
with  the  police  department  he  has  made  a  number  of  important 
arrests,  among  which  were  Charles  Briggs  for  the  murder  of  his 
wife  ;  John  Petzold  for  the  murder  of  Andrew  Cairns,  and  Matilda 
Flichter  for  the  murder  of  her  child.  He  arrested  Charles  Mack, 
alias  "Curly  Mack,"  Thomas  Gardner,  John,  alias  "Whitey"  Heller, 
Charles  Bendle.  David  Hart,  and  John  Solby,  for  burglary ;  and 


548  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Richard  Barnes  and  David  White,  masked  burglars.  He  was  an 
important  witness  against  Bella  McClain  in  1876,  having  heard  her 
confess  to  a  friend  that  she  poisoned  Canfield.  The  woman  was 
convicted  and  died  in  prison. 

Sergeant  LEONARD  McGARVEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
June  18,  1853.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
May  10,  1876,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
1887. 

House-Sergeant  JOHN  L.  COON  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
November  19,  1851.  He  entered  the  department  as  substitute 
patrolman  in  June,  1885,  under  Mayor  Smith,  and  was  made  a  reg- 
ular October  28,  1885.  He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  house- 
sergeant  December  8.  1885. 

House-Sergeant  HARRY  FLETCHER  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia and  is  forty  years  of  age.  He  has  served  in  the  department 
sixteen  years,  first  in  the  Nineteenth  District,  and  was  later  trans- 
ferred to  the  Eighteenth  District. 

JOHN  McKIBBEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  6,  1840. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  on  May  26,  1865, 
and  resigned  under  Mayor  Fox.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  in  January,  1872,  and  served  under  that  administration. 
He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  King  February  24,  1884. 

JOHN  BOYLE  was  born  in  Ireland,  July  16,  1850.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  force  October  8,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

GEORGE  MILLIGAN  was  born  July  16,  1850,  in  Pemberton, 
N.  J.  He  entered  the  police  service  under  Mayor  King  February 
23,1883. 

MERRITT  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  4, 
1850.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  October  16,  1885,  by 
Mayor  Smith.  He  arrested  the  three  burglars,  William  Stanley, 
alias  "  Roast  Beef,"  James  McKee  and  Jacob  Kirtner. 

HUGH  HENRY  was  born  in  Ireland,  November  24,  1851. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley,  February  n,  1879.  He  as- 
sisted in  the  arrest  of  the  burglar,  Stanley,  mentioned  above. 

HARRY  QUICK  was  born  in  Milford,  N.  J.,  January  7,  1845. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  14,  1875.  He  arrested 
William  Price,  a  coin  mutilator,  and  William  Monohan,  a  thief. 

JOHN  ROSS  was  born  in  Ireland  March  10,  1845.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley,  February  n, 
,879. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  549 

JACOB  RITTENHOUSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  June  12, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  May  15,  1879,  by 
Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  DOLL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  25,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  February 
18,  1886. 

WILLIAM  EMERICK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  24,  1831. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  13,  1879.  He  ar- 
rested George  Nice  for  committing  a  murderous  assault. 

WILLIAM  SPEALER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  25, 
1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  5,  1876.  He 
arrested  Frederick  Mink  for  murder,  and  the  notorious  malpracti- 
tioner,  Dr.  Isaac  Hathaway. 

ALBERT  STEELE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  2,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  29, 
1884. 

CHARLES  FOWLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  28,  1847. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  20,  1884.  He  served 
two  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  arrested  James  Sweeney,  pick- 
pocket. 

JOHN  SHEETZ  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  2,  1842. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  13,  1879. 

JOHN  LOWER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  31,  1844. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  King  February  23,  1882. 
He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  It  was  he  who  arrested  Charles 
Briggs,  the  Englishman  who  murdered  his  wife  by  cutting  her 
throat  in  the  cellar  of  their  home. 

JOHN  HOFFMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  6,  1851. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  23, 
1881. 

THOMAS  WILLIAMSON  was  born  in  Ireland  September  20, 
1847.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  February  6, 
1885. 

PETER  YETTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  15,  1827. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  September  9,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley. He  arrested  Patrick  Hayes,  who  shot  his  wife  and  was  after- 
wards hanged  for  the  crime,  and  August  Andrews,  a  house-breaker. 

GEORGE  PETERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  12, 
1829.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  January 
i,  1872.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S  Army. 


550  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

HENRY  RITTENHOUSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
seventy  years  old.  He  entered  the  force  in  Mayor  Henry's  sec- 
ond term  and  served  until  Mayor  Fox  was  inaugurated.  He  was 
reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872,  and  has  been  on 
the  force  since. 

ROBERT  ALLEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  16,  1862. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  13,  1884. 

ANDREW  MCGILL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  5,  1857. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  February  6,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

DANIEL  MYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  12,  1820. 
This  veteran  officer  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Conrad 
in  September,  1854.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

CHARLES  W.  HUNIKER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August 
8,  1838.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  Octo- 
ber 16,  1875. 

JOHN  STINSON  was  born  in  Ireland  August  13,  1852.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  20,  1884. 

DANIEL  ROBERTSON  was  born  in  New  York  September  18, 
1832.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Conrad 
in  June,  1854. 

JOHN  B.  DEHAVEN  was  born  in  Minersville,  Pa.,  July  13, 
1846.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  August  10 
1875.  He  served  two  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  arrested  Wil- 
liam Davis,  a  dangerous  thief. 

CHARLES  SUMMERS  was  born  at'Spring  Mills,  N.  J.,  Octo- 
ber 30,  1844.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
November  5,  1873  ;  resigned  October  7,  1874,  and  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Stokley  January  10,  1879.  He  served  a  year  in  the 
U.  S.  Army.  He  arrested  John  McGurk,  a  highway  robber,  and 
Edward  Brady,  a  thief. 

JOHN  SHAFFER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  23, 
1849.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  Novem- 
ber 28,  1878.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

ANDREW  CLUMP  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  7,  1837. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  15,  1876. 

WILLIAM  ORTMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  30, 
1858.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  February 
17,  1885.  He  arrested  Isaac  McKenna  for  robbery. 

ALONZO  BARSANTEE  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  April 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  55! 

25,  1855.     He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June 

4,  1886. 

JAMES  MAGEE  was  born  in  Ireland  February  5,  1847.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  5,  1884. 

FRANK  REIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  2,  1858.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  5,  1884.  He  ar- 
rested Dennis  Gallagher  for  house-breaking. 

WILLIAM  MASON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  16, 
1848.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  10,  1875.  He 
arrested  John  Carroll  for  murder,  Annie  Gaskin  for  the  killing  of 
her  infant,  and  Richard  Barnes  and  Joseph  White,  masked  burg- 
lars. 

HENRY  STEWART  was  born  in  Ireland  December  10,  1846. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  16,  1876. 

THOMAS  McCLOSKEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  2, 
1860.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  29, 
1884. 

THOMAS  WILKINSON  was  born  in  England  September 
15,  1845.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  June  20,  1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

HENRY  BOYER  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  Febru- 
ary 9,  1845.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
May  1 6,  1876.  He  arrested  Edward  Moritz,  charged  with  mur- 
der. 

JAMES  F.  STITES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  2,  1851. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Febru- 
ary ii,  1879. 

JAMES  MACKELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  i,  1856. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  February  15,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

LAWRENCE    SIPPLE  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  January 

5,  1852.     He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  King  March 
27,  1884.     He  arrested  Peter  Ragan,  alias  "  Shakes,"  a  highway 
robber,  and  Charles  Wallace  and  David  Hart,  house-breakers. 

EDEN  TOMLINSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  14,  1845. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  io? 
1875.  He  served  two  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  assisted  in 
the  arrest  of  Charles  Briggs,  the  wife  murderer,  and  captured  Ed- 
ward Owens,  a  pickpocket. 

WILLIAM    MILLER  was   born  in   Ireland  March   14,    1848. 


552  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  i, 
1874. 

JOSEPH  KLINE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  19, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  14, 
1884. 

LEES  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  18,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  5,  1884.  He 
arrested  John  O'Donnell,  Frank  McDonnell,  Charles  Wallace  and 
David  Hart,  house-breakers. 

ANDREW  HAMILTON  was  born  in  Madison,  Conn.,  August 
13,  1851.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in 
February.  1880.  He  arrested  Alexander  Devlin,  a  robber,  Cap- 
tain William  Walker,  alias  Wilson,  and  Edward  Smith,  burglars, 
and  George  Messick,  house-breaker. 

ALEXANDER  TURKINGTON  was  born  in  Ireland  August 
12,  1854.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April 
18,  1880.  He  arrested  William  Price,  a  coin  mutilator,  "  Reddy  " 
O'Neil  and  Isaac  McKenna,  burglars,  and  Dennis  Kinsella,  for 
arson. 

ROBERT  J.  STEWART  was  born  in  Ireland  June  i,  1851- 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  May  18,  1885. 

PHILIP  TREUDE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  27,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  30,  1876. 
He  resigned  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  March  30, 
1886. 

JOHN  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  i,  1859. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  March  30,  1886. 

FRANK  P.  SCHENKEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Novemlu  r 
29,  1857.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  March 
12,  1886. 

SAMUEL  GOURLEY  was  born  in  Ireland  June  12,  1844.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  April,  1886. 

FRANK  FULLER  was  born  in  New  York  April  16,  1849. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  March  12,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 
He  assisted  in  the  arrest  of  Dennis  Kinsella  for  arson. 

ISAAC  SPANGLER,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May 
27,  1885.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on 
December  8,  1878,  and  was  appointed  turnkey  by  Mayor  Smith  on 
November  i,  1885. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 


553 


GEORGE  CAVES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  18, 
1855.  He  was  appointed  sub-patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  Septem- 
ber 10,  1886. 

MICHAEL  H.  LANAHAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  i, 
1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1876. 

A.  A.  LADLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  November,  1859. 
He  was  appointed  January  8,  1887,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  HOLLINGSWORTH  was  born  in  Ireland  Novem- 
ber 16,  1846.  He  was  appointed  April  5,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley 
and  resigned  October  10,  1875  ;  reappointed  January  8,  1887,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

ISAAC  BENNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  n,  1848. 
Appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  September,  1886. 

THE  NINETEENTH  DISTRICT. 

ALEXANDER  SKILTON,  lieutenant  of  the  Nineteenth  Police 
District,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  13,  1838.  He  served  two 
years  and  six  months  in  the  army  during  the  late  war,  first  as  a 
corporal,  and  afterwards  as  lieutenant  of  a  company  in  the 
Fifty-second  and  One  Hundred  and  Ninety-sixth  regiments  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers  respectively.  Mayor  Smith  appointed  him 
lieutenant  of  the  Nineteenth  District,  April  9,  1884.  The  Nineteenth 
is  one  of  the  "  tough  "  districts  in  the  department,  but  under  Lieuten- 
ant Skilton's  administration  it  has  been  remarkably  quiet  and  free 
from  crime.  In  the  early  part  of  1886,  Hattie  Coates,  a  young 
colored  girl,  was  outraged  in  an  unoccupied  house  at  Tenth  and 
Rodman  streets.  Robert  Fletcher,  Robert  Jackson,  William 
Harris,  William  Sorrel,  William  Nelson  and  William  Jenkins,  all 
colored,  were  arrested  by  Nineteenth  District  officers  for  the  crime. 
A  few  months  later  they  arrested  William  Bush,  colored,  for  the 
murder  of  his  wife  in  St.  Mary  Street,  and  in  December  of  the 
same  year  arrested  Oscar  Weber  for  the  unprovoked  murder  of 
William  H.  Martin  in  the  latter's  jewellery  store  on  South  Street 
above  Thirteenth.  Weber  was  thought  to  be  insane. 

The  Nineteenth  District  Station-House  is  on  Lombard  Street, 
below  Eighth.  Formerly  the  district  extended  from  Seventh  to 
Broad  Street,  and  from  Chestnut  to  South  Street,  but  May  i, 


554  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1886,  its  boundaries  were  changed,  and  it  now  extends  from 
Seventh  Street  to  the  river  Schuylkill  and  from  Spruce  Street  to 
South  Street.  The  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  five  large  school- 
houses,  the  Lincoln  Institute  for  Indian  Girls,  Liberty  Hall,  the 
Lombard  and  South  Street  Passenger  Railway  Depot,  Tracey's 
mills  and  storehouse,  Melon's,  Devine's,  and  Drake's  mills,  sev- 
eral galvanizing  works,  and  many  valuable  residences  are  within 
the  limits  of  this  district 

Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  HANCE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Sep- 
tember 13,  1838.  He  served  four  years  and  four  months  in  the 
U.  S.  Army.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i, 
1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  promoted  to  be  sergeant  March  2, 
1874.  He  has  made  a  large  number  of  important  arrests. 

Sergeant  GEORGE  McKIBBEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  De- 
cember 6,  1847.  He  served  eleven  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army,  hold- 
ing the  rank  of  sergeant  eight  years  of  that  time.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  department  July  i,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley 
as  a  patrolman,  and  August  i,  1884,  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of 
the  Nineteenth  District  by  Mayor  Smith. 

House-Sergeant  THOMAS  C.  BROWN  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia March  25,  1842.  Enlisted  in  Co.  E,  23d  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers  November  i,  1862,  and  served  through  the  war 
until  after  General  Lee's  surrender,  when  he  was  mustered  out 
of  service.  Early  in  1867,  he  was  appointed  on  the  coal  and 
iron  police  of  the  New  York  and  Schuylkill  Coal  Company,  and 
served  fifteen  months.  While  serving  in  that  capacity  he  arrested 
several  "  Mollie  Maguires,"  one  of  them  for  the  murder  of  young 
Williams  at  Newton,  Schuylkill  County,  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  patrolman  February  27,  1872, 
by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  promoted  to  special  officer  in  1877.  On 
July  9,  1878,  he  was  made  house-sergeant.  Sergeant  Brown  has 
made  a  number  of  important  arrests.  Among  them  John 
O'Donnell,  colored,  for  an  attempt  to  murder  his  wife;  "Yellow 
Dan  "  Nichols,  for  burglary,  and  John  Hamilton,  colored,  for  the 
murder  of  Charles  Green. 

House-Sergeant  JOHN  McK.  BOYD  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
October  5,  1854.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  as  house- 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  June  14,  1884. 

JAMES  MCLAUGHLIN,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia December  17,  1844.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 


ALEXANDER  SKILTON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Nineteenth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


557 


He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  May  2,  1876,  by  Mayor 
Stokley  and  made  a  special  officer  in  1886.  He  has  made  a  large 
number  of  important  arrests. 

WILLIAM  ADDIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  i,  1850. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  10, 
1874. 

THOMAS  KEEGAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
five  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
February  5,  1875.  He  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

SOCRATES  F.  KEMON  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  is 
forty-one  years  old.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  March  17,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  15, 
1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  23,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  H.  WELLER  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Perm., 
March  23,  1830.  He  served  three  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  16,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Has  made  a  number  of  arrests. 

WINFIELD  HARRIS  was  born  in  Elkton,  Md.,  April  7,  1860. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  August  2,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ANTHONY  ALMEDA  was  born  August  23,  1851.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  June  i,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HENRY  H.  LOGAN  was  born  in  West  Virginia  June  30,  1857. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  March  28,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

SMITH  FURLOW  was  born  in  Ireland  January  5,  1837. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  3,  1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JOHN  LATTA  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  3,  1846.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  March  14,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Made  a  number  of  arrests. 

FRANCIS  BLEE  was  born  December  28,  1838.  Served  four 
years  and  four  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the  po- 
lice force  February  21,  1866,  by  Mayor  McMichael.  Has  made 
a  large  number  of  important  arrests. 

JEREMIAH  DOTSON  was  born  in  Chambersburg,  Penn., 
March  10,  1848.  Served  one  year  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  May  26,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  T.  WEBSTER  was  born  March  15,  1845.  AP- 
pointed  to  the  police  force  June  4,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN   H.   BENNETT  was  born   in    Philadelphia  March   16, 


55&  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1859.     Appointed  to  the  police  force  March  25,  1885,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

ROBERT  A.  STEWART  was  born  in  Ireland  March  19,  1843. 
Served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  May  9,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  served  three  years, 
part  of  the  time  as  special  officer,  when  he  resigned.  Was  reap- 
pointed  May  18,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  Has  made  a  number  of 
arrests. 

GEORGE  T.  SHARPER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  i, 
1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  20,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

HUGH  DOUGHERTY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  12, 
1847.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  August  12,  1875,  by  Mayor 
Stokley.  Has  made  several  important  arrests. 

GEORGE  W.  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Novem- 
ber 18,  1850.  He  entered  the  department  in  June,  1884,  by  ap- 
pointment of  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  W1NSLOW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
seven  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  30,  1873, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  M.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  10, 
1846.  He  served  two  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  December  28,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

FRANK  CUNNINGHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February 
i,  1847.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

MOSES  ORR  was  born  in  Ireland  and  is  forty-three  years  old. 
Served  eleven  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Received  a  medal  voted 
by  Congress  for  bravery  during  the  Indian  wars.  Appointed  to 
the  police  force  May  20,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  C.  STOCKMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  June, 
1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  19,  1875,  by  Mayor 
Stokley.  An  efficient  officer,  who  has  made  a  number  of  impor- 
tant arrests. 

THOMAS  A,  ALLMOND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  17, 
1860.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  December  6,  1883,  by 
Mayor  King  and  served  until  May  7,  1884.  Reappointed  March 
9,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

EDWARD  McCANN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  21,  1844. 
He  served  two  years  and  three  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Ap- 


PAST  AND   PRESENT.  559 

pointed  to  the  police  force  January  16,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Resigned  April  13,  1875.  Reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  April  i, 
1886. 

JAMES  J.  IPE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  2,  1855.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  July  13,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  H.  FRAY  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  is  forty-five  years  old.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  July  15, 
1882,  by  Mayor  King. 

JOSEPH  H.  THOMAS  was  born  in  West  Chester,  Penn., 
October  i,  1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  July  31,  1886, 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

JAMES  PATTERSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  i, 
1846.  He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  May  20,  1864,  and  served 
two  years.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  i,  1873,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  He  has  made  several  important  arrests. 

JOSEPH  M.  BENN  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn., 
March  16,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  March  29,  1883, 
by  Mayor  King. 

WILLIAM  FISHER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  24,  1848. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  i,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  Has 
made  several  important  arrests,  one  being  for  passing  counterfeit 
money. 

JAMES  J.  KEELEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  12,  1851. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  28,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

MARSHALL  PARKER  was  born  in  Ireland  September  4, 
1838.  He  served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late 
war.  Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  McMichael 
and  served  through  his  term.  Was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley January  i,  1872.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

^THOMAS  B.  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty-nine  years  old.  He  served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 
Was  appointed  to  the  police  force  June  19,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

DAVIS  NEEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  13,  1851.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  June  6,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

RICHARD  MURRAY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1852.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  May  16,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  Has 
made  several  important  arrests. 

ROBERT  McKELVEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1884. 

JOSEPH  RATTO  was  born  in  Italy  September  4,  1853.     Ap- 


560  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

pointed  to  the  police  force  February  13,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley ; 
resigned  August  6,  1882  ;  reappointed  January  10,  1887,  by  Mayor 
Smith.  Has  made  several  important  arrests. 

WILLIAM  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  16, 
1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  24,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  CRAIG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  27,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  December  15,  1878,  by 
Mayor  Stokley;  resigned  October  22,  1883  ;  reappointed  February 
14,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith.  Has  made  a  large  number  of  impor- 
tant arrests. 

JAMES  O'HARRA  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  August 
2,  1875.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  16,  1853. 

WILLIAM  B.  PRESTON,  turnkey,  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
and  is  fifty-six  years  old.  Was  appointed  to  his  position  January 
6,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

SUBSTITUTE   PATROLMAN. 

WILLIAM  FRENCH  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith,  Septem- 
tef  9,  )886.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia. 

THE   TWENTIETH    DISTRICT. 

JOHN  K.  MYERS,  lieutenant  of  the  Twentieth  District,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  February  5,  1852.  In  1877,  during  the  railroad 
riots,  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  a  patrolman,  and  he  served  in 
that  capacity  during  the  emergency.  At  the  February  election  of 
1880  he  was  elected  constable  of  the  Ninth  Ward,  and  was  at- 
tached to  Magistrate  Lennon's  court  until  his  appointment  as  lieu- 
tenant of  the  Twentieth  District  May  7,  1884. 

The  Twentieth  District  Station-House  is  located  at  No.  1515  Fil- 
bert Street.  Lieutenant  Myers  is  also  in  charge  of  Police  Patrol 
District  Number  Four,  comprising  the  Sixth  and  Twentieth  Police 
districts.  The  patrol  house  is  at  Fifteenth  and  Cuthbert  streets,  and 
the  district  extends  from  Seventh  Street  to  the  Schuylkill  River 
and  from  Chestnut  to  Vine  Street.  The  Twentieth  Police  District 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Vine  Street,  on  the  south  by  Chestnut 
Street,  on  the  east  by  Broad  Street,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Schuyl- 
kill River.  Some  of  the  largest  and  most  notable  public  build- 
ings and  institutions  in  the  city  are  within  its  limits,  including  the 


JOHN  K.  MYERS, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twentieth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


563 


new  public  buildings  on  Broad  and  Market  streets,  the  Academy 
of  the  Natural  Sciences,  the  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts,  the  Armory 
of  the  First  City  Troop,  Athletic  Hall,  the  Central,  Keystone, 
Bradley's  and  the  South-western  Markets,  the  Elite  Skating  Rink, 
City  Institute,  Adams  Express  Company's  office,  stables  and  de- 
pot, the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  passenger  and  freight  depots, 
the  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  Wills'  Eye  Hospital,  Pennsylvania 
Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind,  Orthopaedic,  Homceopa- 
thic  and  Medico-Chirurgical  hospitals,  Philadelphia  Fencing  Club's 
house,  Magdalen  Home,  the  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  of  St.  Peter 
and  St.  Paul,  and  sixteen  other  churches,  seven  large  school-houses, 
a  Widows'  Asylum,  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  freight  depot,  Wana- 
maker's  storage  house,  the  Philadelphia  Traction  Company's 
Motor  House,  the  Brush  Electric  Light  Company's  office  and 
works,  Philadelphia  gas  works,  two  fire-brick  works,  six  large 
storage  warehouses,  and  several  iron  foundries,  bolt  works, 
carriage  factories,  chain  factories,  paper  mills,  watch  factories, 
saw  and  planing  mills,  chemical  works,  bakeries  and  carpet- 
cleaning  houses. 

Sergeant  CONRAD  EMERY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October 
25,  1830.  He  became  connected  with  the  police  department  as 
sergeant  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i,  1872,  and  has 
served  continuously  since.  He  has  an  honorable  army  record. 

Sergeant  HENRY  THOMSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July 
16,  1836.  He  was  appointed  sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  June 
19,  1878,  and  has  been  in  continuous  service  since  that  time. 

Sergeant  ADOLPH  ORF,  of  Patrol  Station  No.  4,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  June  29,  1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith 
as  patrolman  May  15,  1884,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of 
Patrol  Station  No.  4,  November  i,  1886. 

Sergeant  WILLIAM  CLEMENT,  of  Patrol  Station  No.  4,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  June  10,  1846.  He  was  made  a  patrolman 
October  17,  1875,  and  promoted  to  sergeant  of  Patrol  Station  No.  4 
by  Mayor  Smith  November  i,  1886.  He  has  served  in  the  United 
States  Army. 

House-Sergeant  BERNARD  BERENS  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia July  5,  1852.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  October  15,  1875  as  patrolman  and  was  promoted  to 
house-sergeant  August  12,  1878. 

House-Sergeant     GEORGE   B.    SESSINGER   was     born     in 


564  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Philadelphia  August  31,  1843.  He  was  appointed  house-sergeant 
by  Mayor  Smith  June  15,  1884.  It  was  to  Sergeant  Sessinger 
that  the  wife  of  the  negro  Johnson,  convicted  of  the  murder  of 
John  Sharpless,  made  a  confession,  implicating  her  husband,  and 
thereby  aiding  the  officers  in  perfecting  their  chain  of  evidence 
against  him.  He  has  served  in  the  United  States  Army. 

House-Sergeant  DANIEL  B.  CLINTON  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia October  27,  1852.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  on  October  29,  1874,  and  assigned  to  the  Twelfth 
District.  He  was  promoted  to  house-sergeant  of  the  Twentieth 
District  by  Mayor  Smith  in  January,  1887. 

CHARLES  JAMES,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
March  6,  1842.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
March  13,  1873.  In  his  service  as  special  officer  he  has  worked 
in  conjunction  with  Special  William  Early,  and  a  short  account 
of  their  work  is  given  after  Officer  Early's  sketch. 

WILLIAM  EARLY,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
March  19,  1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  26, 
1873,  and  has  served  continuously  since.  He  did  service  in  the 
United  States  Army.  He  has  worked  with  Officer  James,  and  their 
arrests  have  been  both  numerous  and  important.  They  arrested 
"  Doc  "  Barrett,  a  colored  criminal,  for  attempting  to  kill  his  wife 
with  a  revolver ;  Charles  Fendesky,  a  well-known  pickpocket  and 
general  thief ;  Michael  Farrell,  alias  Smith,  a  valise  thief,  who  had 
"  worked  "  Broad  Street  Station  for  a  large  collection  of  bags  and 
bundles;  Charles  Boyle,  Dennis  Scully  and  Hugh  McGovern, 
highway  robbers,  members  of  the  notorious  "  Gut "  gang  ;  John 
Wilson,  a  burglar,  old  "  Bill "  Keating,  who  stole  $800  from 
John  Brogan  while  the  latter  was  being  shaved  in  a  barber  shop. 
Keating  has  served  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  his  life  in 
prison.  Others  who  passed  through  the  hands  of  officers  James 
and  Early  into  a  prison  cell  are  Michael  Boyle,  an  entry  thief ; 
Peter  Short  and  Charles  Miller,  members  of  the  Welch  Mountain 
"  Buzzard  "  gang  ;  Henry  Marks,  a  passer  of  bogus  checks  ; 
Charles  Dugra,  a  tray-lifter  from  Baltimore  ;  George  Williams,  a 
monte  swindler;  John  Holtzman,  a  professional  boarding-house 
thief ;  Daniel  Richards  and  William  Burton,  house  robbers  and 
horse  thieves  ;  Charles  Boyle,  alias  "  Dutch  Charlie,"  one  of  the 
"Gut"  gang,  highway  robbers,  and  James  Wilson,  church  thief, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


565 


and  a  long  list  of  other  crooks  who  looked  through  bars  for  several 
years  after  being  captured. 

WILLIAM  BERTRON,  oi  Patrol  Station  No.  4,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  August  12,  1841.  He  entered  the  department  under 
Mayor  Stokley  October  12,  1877  ;  was  dismissed  by  Mayor  King 
October  14,  1883  ;  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  July  19,  1884, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  patrol  service  November  i,  1886. 

JAMES  REEVES,  of  Patrol  Station  No.  4,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia  March  19,  1849.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Stokley  February  5,  1879,  and  was  transferred  to  the  patrol  service 
November  i,  1886. 

JOHN  BERNARD,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  4,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  January  14,  1839.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Henry  October  13,  1860  ;  resigned  in  August, 
1861  ;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  McMichael  August  5,  1865  ; 
resigned  January  i,  1869,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January  i,  1872.  He  was  assigned  as  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No. 
4  by  Mayor  Smith  November  i,  1886.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S. 
Army. 

FRANK  WILSON,  driver  of  patrol  No.  4,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia January  4,  1837.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by 
Mayor  Henry  February  3,  1864 ;  was  dismissed  September  3, 
1871  ;  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  13,  1876,  and  trans- 
ferred to  the  patrol  serviqe  November  i,  1886. 

SAMUEL  GILLESPIE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  10,  1833. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  McMichael  August  25, 
1865  ;  was  discharged  by  Mayor  Fox  June  i,  1869,  and  reap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872.  He  has  served  in  the 
U.  S.  Army. 

CHARLES  GODDARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  February  16, 
1837.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  Decem- 
ber 6,  1876  ;  was  discharged  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  4,  1877,  and 
was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith,  May  29,  1884.  He  has  served 
in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JAMES  ATKINSON  was  born  in  Ireland  October  16,  1828. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  April  14,  1862. 
He  resigned  under  Mayor  Fox  January  i,  1869,  and  was  reap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

ROBERT  BLACK  was  born  in  Ireland  June  22,  1832.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Henry  January  i,  1864;  re- 


566  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

signed  in  July,  1869,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on 
October  n,  1872. 

JOHN  WEAKLEY,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  4> 
1834.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Henry  January 
10,  1862  ;  was  discharged  by  Mayor  Fox  June  15,  1869,  and  reap. 
pointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

WILLIAM  BELL  was  born  in  Ireland  May  2,  1833.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Henry  February  20,  1864.  He 
resigned  under  Mayor  Fox  January  15,  1869,  and  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JAMES  HESSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  20,  1828. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  McMichael  January  14, 
1867.  He  resigned  under  Mayor  Fox,  July  i,  1869,  and  was 
reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  12,  1872. 

JOSEPH  HOWARTH  was  born  in  England  August  26,  1836. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  March  12,  1872. 
He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

ANDREW  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  13,  1834. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 
He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

THOMAS  PATTERSON  was  born  in  Ireland  June  10,  1842. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  December  22, 


ELEAZOR  HIMES  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  May  26, 
1840.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  February 
i,  1874;  resigned  March  31,  1875,  and  was  reappointed  June  6, 
1875.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

JOHN  DOSTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  9,  1840.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

FRANKLIN  KIRK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  17,  1850. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  December  10, 
1875  ;  was  dismissed  June  6,  1878,  and  was  reappointed  September 
3,  1878. 

JAMES  DONOHUE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  9,  1849. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  February  9, 

i875. 

SAMUEL  CROCKER  was  born  in  New  York,  March  10, 
1836.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  October 
28,  1876.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

ADAM  COOPER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  3,  1842.     He 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


567 


was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  17, 
1874.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JAMES  HUTCHISON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
21,  1824.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April 
4,  1874.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  three  wars,  namely,  the 
Black  Hawk,  Mexican  and  the  late  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

NATHANIAL  MORGAN  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1837.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley 
May  2,  1876.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

BENJAMIN    BARGER   was  born    in    Philadelphia   June    20, 

1850.  He  entered  the  department  October  9,  1877,  under  Mayor 
Stokley.     He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JOHN  REDMOND  was  born  in  Baltimore  February  24,  1848. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  July  31,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley  ; 
resigned  February  20,  1884,  under  Mayor  King  and  was  reap- 
pointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  3,  1884. 

JOHN  WEAKLEY,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  21, 
1856.  He  enteced  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  Feb- 
ruary 9,  1879. 

GEORGE  LEITHGOW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  26, 
1858.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  February 
24,  1879. 

WILLIAM  ORR  was  born  in  Ireland  January  9,  1833.  He 
entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  July  17,  1879. 

WILLIAM  PICKUP   was  born   in   Philadelphia  January    10, 

1851.  He  was  appointed   to  the    force   by  Mayor  Stokley  Feb- 
ruary 9,  1876. 

CLIFFORD  SHINN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  25,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  August  21,  1878, 
and  served  until  March  3,  1883 ;  was  reappointed  in  1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

SAMUEL  MARTIN  was  born  in  Ireland  October  28,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  July  26,  1879. 

THOMAS  FELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  3,  1837. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  March  16,  1866  ;  resigned  No- 
vember n,  1869,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  6, 
1884.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

WILLIAM  FALLS  was  born  in  Ireland  June  24,  1837.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  5,  1880, 


568  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

and  served  until  August  31,  1883  ;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Smith,  June  19,  1884. 

ROBERT  KEILE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  i,  1858.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  16,  1880;  and  served 
until  September  9,  1880  ;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June 
19,  1884.  He  arrested  William  Cunningham  for  stealing  a  pair  of 
horses  and  carnage. 

JOSIAS  THOMPSON  was  born  in  Ireland  October  22,  1833. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  November  23, 
1874;  and  served  until  September  6,  1875;  was  icappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith  January  16,  1886. 

WILLIAM  MALAMPY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December 
25.  1857.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  June 
27,  1884,  and  has  been  assigned  to  duty  as  nuisance  inspector  and 
covers  the  entire  division. 

ALEXANDER  RALSTON  was  bora  in  Ireland  November  12, 
1836.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  3, 
1884. 

JOSEPH  COONEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  15, 
1850.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  3} 
1884. 

HUGH  JACKSON  was  born  in  Ireland  November  23,  1846. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  3,  1884. 

GEORGE  HAMILTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  i, 

1856.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  August  15, 
1884. 

WILLIAM  HAMILTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  16, 

1857.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith,  February 
18,  1886. 

RICHARD  LEONARD    was    bc.n    in    Ireland   June  3,  1846. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  March  24,  1886. 
ALBERT  KIRK  was  born  in  Montgomery  County.  Pa.,  Decem- 
ber   5,  1859.     He    was   appointed   to  the  force   by  Mayor   Smith 
April  7,  1886. 

ROBERT  SAVAGE,  turnkey,  was  born  at  Stockton,  Md.,  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  November 
13,  1876  ;  was  dismissed  June  i,  1884,  and  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Smith  September  n,  1886. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  569 


SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

ISAAC  YOUNG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  14,  1859, 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  9,  1886,  as  patrolman 
of  the  Sixth  District ;  was  dismissed  August  8,  1886,  and  was  re- 
appointed  in  the  Twentieth  District  on  November  7,  1886. 

FRANK  WENRICK  was  born  in  Lebanon  County,  Pa.,  August 

18,  1837.     He    was   appointed    by  Mayor    Smith    December    15, 
1886.     He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

HORACE  GARTLEY  was  born  in  Schuylkill  Co.,  Pa.,  No- 
vember 12,  1861.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith,  November 

19,  1886. 


57o  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued). 

TWENTY-FIRST,  TWENTY-SECOND  AND  TWENTY-THIRD  DIS- 
TRICTS.—LIEUTENANT  BLANKLEY'S  GOOD  RECORD.— 
THE  DISTRICT  OF  HOMES. — SERGEANTS  BROOKS,  HAN- 
SELL,  SIMPSON,  DONNAGHA  AND  GIBSON. — PATROL  SER- 
GEANTS ULRICK  AND  LATTIMER. — RECORDS  OF  THE 
MEN. — LIEUTENANT  WOLF'S  CAREER  AND  HIS  EFFEC- 
TIVE WORK. — SERGEANTS  McCLURE,  HALLOWELL, 
EGOLF,  DARLING,  REED,  KISTER  AND  LAFFERTY. — SPE- 
CIAL OFFICERS  FULTON  AND  VANDERSLICE. — RECORDS 
OF  THE  MEN. — SKETCH  OF  LIEUTENANT  LYONS. — SER- 
GEANTS NORBURY,  WATSON,  PETERSON  AND  FLINN.— 
SPECIAL  OFFICER  CARPENTER'S  RECORD. — RECORDS  OF 
THE  MEN. 

THE  TWENTY-FIRST  DISTRICT. 

GEORGE  BLANKLEY,  lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-first  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  28,  1837.  He  enlisted  in 
May,  1863,  for  three  months,  in  Company  B,  Two  Hundred 
and  Thirteenth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  and 
on  February  17,  1865,  re-enlisted  in  the  same  regiment  for  one 
year,  and  served  out  his  time  as  a  non-commissioned  officer. 
On  January  i,  1872,  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  sergeant  of  the 
Twenty-first  District  and  on  October  n,  1879,  promoted  him  to 
the  lieutenancy.  During  his  term  of  service  he  has  made  many 
important  arrests,  prominent  among  which  are  Charles  Brace- 
lona  for  robbery,  December  21,  1872;  Martha  Wright  for  arson 
and  larceny,  January  19,  1873  ;  John  Williams  for  assault  and  bat- 
tery with  intent  to  kill,  July  14,  1874;  Cornelius  Brown,  for  high- 
way robbery,  October  16,  1874  ;  Abram  Fray,  for  an  outrageous  as- 
sault, July  12,  1876;  John  Echternacht  for  burglary  committed  in 


GEORGE  BLANKLEY, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-first  District 


PAST  AND  TRESKXT. 


573 


Lancaster  County,  April  30,  1878  ;  James  Howard  for  murder, 
March  13,  1885,  and  Newton  Lamplaugh  for  homicide,  June  22, 
1882.  During  the  railroad  riots  of  July,  1877,  he  succeeded,  after 
an  exciting  struggle,  in  arresting  three  of  the  ringleaders,  Robert 
Jameson,  Michael  Moore,  and  Mark  Harris  for  inciting  their  fellow 
strikers  to  riot,  and  by  his  prompt  action  on  this  occasion  undoubt- 
edly prevented  bloodshed. 

In  connection  with  "  Horse  Detective  "  Alfred  P.  Bye  of  the 
Central  Station,  on  October  4,  1883,  he  arrested  Eugene  Murray 
and  James  Pritchard,  charged  with  horse-stealing.  They  were 
operating  on  a  large  scale  and  had  stolen  fifty-four  horses  trom 
Fairfax,  Loudoun  and  Alexandria  counties,  Virginia.  The  offi- 
cers recovered  and  returned  to  the  owners  twenty-four  of  the 
stolen  animals,  which  had  been  sold  to  farmers  in  York  and  Lan- 
caster counties,  Pennsylvania,  to  business  men  in  Philadelphia, 
and  in  various  sections  of  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Delaware  and 
Maryland. 

The  Twenty-first  District  Station-House  is  located  at  Woodland 
Avenue  and  Spruce  Street,  and  is  a  finely  appointed  building, 
erected  during  the  Centennial  year.  The  district  is  bounded  by 
Market  Street  on  the  north,  Cobb's  and  Darby  creeks  on  the 
west,  the  Schuylkill  River  on  the  east  and  south-east  and  Bow 
Creek  on  the  south.  The  West  Philadelphia  Bank,  Centennial 
Bank,  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  its  Hospital,  Philadelphia 
Almshouse  and  Hospital,  Presbyterian  Home  for  Widows  and  Sin- 
gle Women,  Home  of  the  Incurables,  Colored  Orphan  Asylum, 
the  Divinity  School  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  Union 
Home  for  Orphans,  the  Catholic  Industrial  Home,  Home  for 
Crippled  Children,  ten  school-houses  and  twenty-one  churches, 
most  of  them  edifices  of  great  architectural  beauty,  and  a  large 
number  of  magnificent  private  residences,  are  within  the  limits 
of  this  district.  Among  the  prominent  industrial  establishments 
are  the  Allison  Car  Works,  Callahan's  Mills,  Henry's  Mills, 
Hoffman's  Mills,  Farrell's  Safe  Manufactory,  Goodall  and 
Waters'  Machine  Shops,  Wetherill's  White  Lead  Works,  Storm's 
Glass  Factory,  Boney's  Vise  and  Tool  Works,  Murray's  Iron  Foun- 
dry, Parrish's  Iron  Foundry,  Sleichter's  Engine  Works,  Detwi- 
ler's  Flour  Mills,  and  Hitzeroth's  Iron  Foundry.  The  Darby  Pas- 
senger Railway  Depot,  Chestnut  and  Walnut  streets  Passenger 
Railway  depots,  and  the  milk  depot  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 


574 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


road    at  Tairty-first    and  Chestnut  streets  are  also  in    this    dis- 
trict. 

Sergeant  J.  P.  BROOKS  was  born  in  Delaware  County,  Penn. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January 
i,  1872,  and  promoted  to  sergeant  in  October,  1879. 

Sergeant  JOHN  C.  HANSELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
January,  1850.  On  March  16,  1865,  he  enlisted  in  the  2i4th 
Regir  ent  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  14,  1872,  and  promoted 
to  be  sergeant  March  17,  1881.  He  has  made  a  number  of  im- 
portant arrests. 

House-Sergeant  AUGUSTUS  SIMPSON  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia December  25,  1831.  He  learned  the  trade  of  plasterer, 
afterwards  was  an  engineer,  and  later  learned  telegraphy.  He  was 
appointed  sergeant  on  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Vaux  June  16, 
1856.  He  resigned  two  years  later,  and  was  appointed  special 
officer  in  the  gas  works,  which  position  he  also  resigned  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1865.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  January  i,  1875,  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant  in  June, 
1880.  He  arrested  Henry  Rodgers  for  burglary,  James  Cava- 
naugh  for  manslaughter,  besides  other  important  arrests. 

House-Sergeant  EDWARD  J.  DONNAGHA  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  July  15,  1847.  He  was  appointed  house-sergeant  by 
Mayor  Smith  in  April,  1884. 

House-Sergeant  EDWARD  H.  GIBSON  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia June  18,  1850.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayc  -  Stokley  October  22,  1873,  and  promoted  to  house-sergeant 
by  May^i  Smith  December  24,  1885.  He  has  made  a  number  of 
important  arrests. 

Patrol-Sergeant  GEORGE  ULRICK,  of  Patrol  Station  No.  2, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  10,  1834.  He  enlisted  in  the 
nth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  September  2,  1861,  and 
again  in  the  same  regiment  November  25,  1863.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  14,  1872, 
and  promoted  to  patrol-sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  January  i, 
1885. 

Patrol-Sergeant  JOHN  LATTIMER,  of  Station  No.  2,  was 
born  in  Delaware  County,  Penn.,  July  7,  1851.  He  was  appointed 
to  the  police  force  April  i,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  pro- 
moted to  patrol-sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  in  September,  1886. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


575 


GEORGE  W.  BOSTON,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  2,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  April  19,  1862.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  January  i,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  A.  HARVEY,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  2,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  December  9,  1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Smith  January  i,  1885. 

JOHN  U.  SMITH,  of  patrol  No.  2,  was  born  in  Delaware 
County,  Penn.,  in  November,  1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Stokley  February  14,  1872.  Has  made  a  number  of 
arrests. 

WILLIAM  BURCHFIELD,  of  patrol  No.  2,  was  born  in 
Schuylkill  County,  Penn.,  January  18,  1852.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  10,  1874. 

DANIEL  GREEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  14, 
1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  18, 
1874.  He  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

FREDERICK  G.  OSTERHELDT  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
August  6,  1858.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January  2,  1881. 

WALTER  McNABB  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  16,  1851. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  6,  1884. 

DANIEL  L.  CONNOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  i, 
1858.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January 
16,  1886. 

HARRY  NOTE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  7,  1845. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  14, 
1872. 

EDWIN  H.  FLETCHER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Novem- 
ber 14,  1842.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January  i,  1875. 

PETER  MAKEMSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  6, 
1825.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Febru- 
ary 17,  1872. 

ELI  S.  TOY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  12,  1833.  He 
enlisted  in  the  4oth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  July  2, 
1863.  Discharged  August  16,  1863.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1878. 

WILLIAM  J.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  20, 
1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  6, 
1884. 


576  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

JAMES  KANE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  3,  1854.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  King  in  May,  1881. 

JOHN  M.  HOOPES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  20,  1836. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  12,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CORNELIUS  DUGAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October 
15,  1848.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  Jan- 
uary 1 6,  1886. 

WILLIAM  DALES  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Penn., 
November  18,  1829.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Henry  May  15,  1865,  and  served  four  years;  icappointed  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

GEORGE  S.  MARSHALL  was  born  in  Delaware  County, 
Penn.,  January  20,  1833  ;  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JAMES  H.  KELLEY  was  born  in  Ireland  September  15.  1824. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in  1858  and 
served  a  number  of  years ;  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January, 
1872. 

WILLIAM  R.  ROAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  27, 
1840.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Major  Stokley  January 
i,  1872. 

JOHN  T.  WREN  was  born  in  Schuylkill  County,  Penn.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  671!!  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 
during  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  2,  1884, 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

THEODORE  M.  SAGE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
8,  1860.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  Jan- 
uary, 1885. 

JOHN  T.  MYERS  was  born  in  Frederick  City,  Md.,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1841.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  in  December,  1884,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

LEVI  H.  DAVIS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  23,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  September  27, 
1884. 

MORRIS  F.  REES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  16. 
1848.  He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Army  September  7,  1869;  dis- 
charged May  ii,  1870;  appointed  to  the  police  force  in  Novem- 
ber, 1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  served  until  April  4,  1880.  Re- 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  March  9,  1886. 

JOSEPH  H.  HOPKINS  was  born  in  Monmouth  County.  New 


PAST  AND   PRESENT. 


577 


Jersey,  June  30,  1840.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
King  April  6,  1881. 

DANIEL  DOUGHERTY  was  born  in  Ireland  October  3, 
1840.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

DAVID  B.  CATERN  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Penn., 
February  2,  1819;  served  three  months  in  the  army.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in  June,  1858,  and  has  served 
since  with  the  exception  of  the  three  years  of  Mayor  Fox's  adminis- 
tration. 

GEORGE  ROBINSON  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Penn., 
December  26,  1834.  He  enlisted  in  the  nth  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  August  19,  1861  ;  discharged  August  19,  1865. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  April,  1874. 

EDMUND  GROUT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  5,  1842. 
He  enlisted  in  the  68th  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  in 
April,  1862.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
January,  1886. 

E.  J.  SMITH  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  July  30,  1847.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  in  September,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  CREAN  was  born  in  Ireland  December  25,  1855.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  June  i,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOSEPH  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  4,  1852. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  20,  1884. 

FRANK  MORGAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  17, 
1858.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  March  9,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

JOHN  A.  MURPHY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  4,  1854. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  December  4,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley. He  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

JEREMIAH  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  5, 
1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  20,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

JOHN  F.  BARRETT  was  born  in  Ireland  August  10,  1854.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  22,  1880. 
He  has  made  a  number  of  arrests. 

JAMES  McKELVEY  was  born  in  Ireland  April  i,  1827.  He 
was  originally  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  and 
served  several  years  ;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

HAINES  S.  WHITE  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Penn., 
37 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

October  5,  1856.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stok- 
ley  in  May,  1880. 

JAMES  K.  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Cecil  County,  Maryland, 
February  9,  1834.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  i,  1875, 
by  Mayor  Stokley.  Has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

ANDREW  HOLLANDER  was  born  in  New  York  State  June 
15,  1851.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  June  i.  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  RICHARDSON  was  born  in  Delaware  County, 
Penn.,  February  7,  1835.  Enlisted,  May  30,  1864,  in  the  ist  Reg- 
iment Pennsylvania  Reserves;  re-enlisted  in  the  field,  February 
4,  1865,  in  the  igoth  Regiment  Veterans  ;  discharged  from  the 
army  July  4,  1865  ;  reappointed  to  the  police  force  May  6,  1875,  by 
Mayor  Stokley  and  served  until  August  3,  1876.  Reappointed 
March  15,  1885,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  H.  GILMORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  10, 
1861.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  4,  1885,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  MARTIN  was  born  in  Ireland  December  8,  1844. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  February  8,  1882,  by  Mayor  King. 

MATTHEW  MOORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  9,  1824. 
He  was  a  watchman  in  the  ante-consolidation  days,  having  been 
appointed  to  that  position  April  i,  1848,  and  has  served  under 
mayors  Swift,  Jones  and  Gilpin  before  consolidation,  and  mayors 
Henry,  Stokley,  King  and  Smith,  in  all  over  24  years.  He  served 
through  the  riots  in  Philadelphia  in  1844,  in  the  State  Fencibles; 
recruited  in  September,  1862,  and  served  as  2d  lieutenant  in  Com- 
pany E,  gth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  ;  assisted  to  re- 
cruit Co.  D,  203d  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and 
mustered  into  service  as  captain,  September  14,  1864.  He  partici- 
pated in  seven  battles  during  the  war  and  was  wounded  twice. 
Discharged  from  the  army  June  22,  1865. 

PETER  C.  NEEDS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  6,  1852. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  19,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

HENRY  WHEELER  was  born  in  Fairfax  County,  Virginia, 
January  10,  1860.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  6,  1886, 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

FRANK  D.  BINGHAM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  24, 
1837.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army,  and  was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  October  13,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


579 


JABEZ  B.  DAVIS  was  born  in  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania, 
January  14,  1860.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  13, 
1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  WILLIAMS,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
December  23,  1837.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

WILLIAM  C.  FREASE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  23, 
1862.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  March  8, 
1886. 

WILLIAM  S.  TAYLOR  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  12, 
1853.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  November  13,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  ADDISON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  25, 
1861.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  22,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

JAMES  BARTLETT  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  January  10, 
1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  10,  1887,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

WILLIAM  P.  BAILEY  was  appointed  substitute  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  February  5,  1887. 

ALONZO  V.  SWEARINGEN  was  born  in  Ohio  May  n,  1849. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  September, 
1879,  and  resigned  June  20,  1882.  Reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith 
March  23,  1886. 

THE  TWENTY  SECOND  DISTRICT. 

HENRY  WOLF,  lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-second  District, 
has  been  connected  with  the  police  force  for  twelve  years,  and 
has,  by  strict  attention  to  duty  and  continued  meritorious  ser- 
vices, risen  from  the  ranks  to  his  present  position.  He  was  born 
September  2,  1850,  in  Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  on 
November  2,  1874,  was  appointed  a  patrolman  in  the  Twenty- 
second  District  by  Mayor  Stokley.  After  six  months'  service  in 
that  capacity,  he  was  created  a  special  officer  in  the  same  district, 
which  position  he  filled  for  three  years,  when  he  was  promoted  to 
sergeant.  He  made  for  himself  a  good  record  as  a  detective  offi- 
cer, and  in  1882  was  transferred  to  the  Central  Station  detective 
department.  Mayor  Smith  made  him  a  lieutenant  January  i, 


580  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1885.  During  his  service  as  special  officer,  sergeant,  and  detec- 
tive, he  made  personally,  or  assisted  in  making,  not  less  than  five 
hundred  arrests,  many  of  them  of  great  importance.  In  1876  he 
succeeded,  after  several  weeks  of  hard  work,  in  running  to  cover 
a  trio  of  notorious  burglars,  "  Reddy  "  Gamble,  John  King,  and 
John  Davis,  who  had  been  concerned  in  twenty-four  burglaries  in 
the  Twenty-second  District.  In  1877  he  assisted  in  the  arrest  of 
Harry  Coles,  the  counterfeiter,  and  during  the  same  year  arrested 
and  materially  assisted  in  the  conviction  of  Andrew  Boice  and 
Ed.  Wright,  who  are  now  serving  out  terms  of  fifteen  years  each 
for  a  most  revolting  rape,  committed  in  the  Monument  Cemetery. 
He  also  arrested  the  same  year  Bill  Cutter  and  Charles  Hughes, 
alias  "Western  Charlie,"  notorious  safe-blowers.  In  1878  he 
arrested  John  Lafferty,  who  received  two  years  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary  for  a  burglary  committed  on  Brown  Street,  below 
Second,  and  also  ran  to  cover,  arrested,  and  secured  the  convic- 
tion of  J.  L.  Wetherhead,  a  very  clever  counterfeiter,  who  received 
five  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  In  1883  he  made  over  one 
hundred  arrests  on  criminal  charges,  among  which  were  those  of 
James  Timperlake,  forger,  and  John  and  Joseph  Sudors  and 
Jeremiah  Wilson,  who  received  two  years  each  in  the  Eastern 
Penitentiary  for  making  and  selling  obscene  pictures,  large  quan- 
tities of  which  were  seized  by  the  authorities.  The  Sudors  and 
Wilson  had  a  photograph  gallery  on  Second  Street,  nearly  oppo- 
site Gothic.  Their  mode  of  operation  was  to  entice  school  girls 
into  their  gallery,  and  by  bribes  and  threats  compel  them  to  act  as 
subjects  for  pictures  of  the  most  revolting  description.  In  1884 
he  made  ninety  arrests  and  secured  the  conviction  of  another 
circulator  of  obscene  pictures,  Thomas  Scroggy,  who  kept  a 
small  variety  and  stationery  store  on  Race  Street  below  Eleventh. 
During  this  year  he  did  capital  work  in  exposing  the  Almshouse 
frauds,  and  at  Ocean  Grove,  New  Jersey,  assisted  Detective  Miller 
in  arresting  and  convicting  a  clever  swindler  who  contracted 
heavy  debts  and  then  set  fire  to  his  place  of  business,  alleging 
thai  he  had  been  robbed  and  that  the  thieves  were  also  the  in- 
cendiaries. Two  notorious  receivers  of  stolen  goods,  Joseph 
Pyott  and  James  Bartlett,  were  also  arrested  by  him  the  same 
year.  Bartlett  was  the  proprietor  of  two  jewellery  stores  near 
Eighth  and  South  streets.  He  had  been  known  to  the  police  for 


HENRY  WOLF, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-second  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


583 


years  as  the  keeper  of  a  "  fence,"  but  the  shrewdest  detectives 
had  been  unable  to  secure  evidence  against  him. 

The  Twenty-second  District  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  city, 
requiring  a  sub-station  at  Ridge  Avenue  and  Queen  Lane.  It 
begins  on  the  north  side  of  Montgomery  Avenue  and  extends 
along  the  west  side  of  Eleventh  Street  to  Susquehanna  Avenue, 
along  Susquelianna  Avenue  to  Germantown  Avenue,  Germantown 
Avenue  to  Germantown  line,  which  is  Roberts'  Lane,  along 
Roberts'  Lane  to  Wissahickon  Avenue,  Wissahickon  Avenue  to 
School  Lane,  School  Lane  to  Ridge  Avenue,  Ridge  Avenue  to 
Montgomery  Avenue,  and  Montgomery  Avenue  to  Eleventh 
Street.  The  station-house  is  on  Lehigh  Avenue,  corner  of  Park 
Avenue.  It  is  a  beautiful  and  comfortable  building,  set  back 
from  the  street  line,  and  was  erected  in  1873  at  a  cost  of  $29,500. 
In  summer  it  presents  a  beautiful  appearance,  embowered  as  it  is 
in  flowers,  among  which  a  fountain  gushes  and  silver  and  gold 
fish  disport  themselves. 

Seven  passenger  railway  depots  are  watched  by  the  Twenty- 
second  District  officers,  and  several  of  the. largest  factories  in  the 
city.  During  the  summer  months  the  police  are  kept  busy  look- 
ing after  the  revellers  who  flock  in  crowds  to  the  Scheutzen, 
Shusters,  Rising  Sun,  Pastime,  and  Olympic  parks.  Several  rail- 
roads cross  streets  in  this  district  at  grade,  and  fatal  accidents 
are  of  almost  weekly  occurrence.  During  the  year  1886,  thirty- 
five  persons  were  reported  from  the  Twenty-second  District  as 
losing  their  lives  at  grade  crossings. 

A  large  portion  of  Lieutenant  Wolf's  district  consists  of  unim- 
proved land.  A  half  dozen  of  the  largest  cemeteries  in  the  city 
are  within  its  boundaries,  and  several  communities  of  squatters 
and  lot-dwellers  formerly  made  this  district  the  terror  of  the 
police.  Under  Lieutenant  Wolf's  administration  the  denizens 
of  "Swampoodle,"  "Dustberg,"  "Uberville,"  "Gander  Hill," 
"  Goose  Town,"  and  "  Switzerland,"  are  nearly  as  peaceable  and 
law-abiding  as  the  dwellers  in  more  pretentious  localities. 

Lieutenant  Wolf  is  a  strict  disciplinarian,  and  in  consequence 
has  one  of  the  finest  bodies  of  men  in  the  department.  He  is  a 
hard  worker  and  his  men  respect  him.  In  his  reports  to  head- 
quarters he  never  fails  to  give  them  credit  for  any  good  service 
they  have  performed. 

Sergeant  JAMES  McCLURE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1836. 


584  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Henry,  and  made  a  ser- 
geant by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1873.  He  has  charge  of  the  sub-station 
at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  with  nine  patrolmen  and  two  house-ser- 
geants under  his  command.  During  his  long  service  he  has  made 
many  important  arrests,  and  is  particularly  famous  as  a  detecter 
of  horse  thieves. 

Sergeant  JOHN  HALLOWELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1836,  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  Novem- 
ber i,  1874,  and  was  made  sergeant  in  1877. 

Sergeant  CHARLES  EGOLF  was  born  in  Germany  in  1843. 
He  was  appointed  a  patrolman  April  i,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Mayor  Smith  made  him  r\  servant  January  i,  1884.  H^  has  par- 
ticularly distinguished  h..r  e]  as  a  faithful  officer,  and  has  made 
many  important  arrests  01  aoted  criminals,  the  most  celebrated  of 
whom  was  the  notorious  burglar  Billy  Forrester,  alias  Conrad 
Foltz. 

House-Sergeant  HOWARD  R.  DARLING  is  a  Philadelphian 
by  birth,  and  thirty-six  years  of  age.  Mayo.  Smith  appointed  him 
to  his  present  position  January  i,  1885. 

House-Sergeant  EDGAR  S.  REED  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
and  is  thirty-eight  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  patrolman 
in  1873,  and  four  years  later  was  made  a  house-sergeant. 

House-Sergeant  SAMUEL  KISTER,  who  is  on  duty  at  the  sub- 
station, Falls  of  Schuylkill,  is  forty-eight  years  of  age,  and  a  Phila- 
delphian by  birth.  He  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  by 
Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

House-Sergeant  WHARTON  F.  LAFFERTY,  who  is  also  on 
duty  at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty-six  years  old.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  a  patrolman 
January  i,  1881,  and  Mayor  Smith  promoted  him  to  house-sergeant 
January  i,  1885. 

GORDON  FULTON,  special  officer,  is  a  Philadelphian  by  birth 
and  thirty-five  years  of  age.  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  to  the 
force  in  1877,  and  he  was  made  a  special  officer  by  Mayor  King 
in  1881.  He  has  made  a  number  of  arrests  of  dangerous  crimi- 
nals. 

THEODORE  VANDERSLICE,  special  officer,  was  born  in 
1848  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  appointed  to  his  present  position 
by  Mayor  Smith  January  i,  1886. 

EDWARD  DIVER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  19,  1846. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


585 


He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  August  19,  1875.  He  served 
two  years  and  four  months  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JACOB  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  17,  1827.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  April  6,  1862. 

GEORGE  SMITH  was  born  in  Ireland  May  2.  1856.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  9,  1884. 

JOHN  THOMPSON  was  born  in  Ireland  August  25,  1846. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  9,  1875, 

EDMUND  FEILEMEYER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  30, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  February  12,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  ASHTON  was  born  in  England  November  4, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  22,  1875. 

JOHN  SMITH  was  born  in  Ireland  March  24,  1829.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1874. 

ADAM  ULRICH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  2,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  5,  1876. 

EDWARD  CONDON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  28,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  6,  1878. 

THEODORE  TWESTEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  31, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  5,  1886.  He 
served  five  years  in  the  army. 

JOHN  RAINEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  18,  1850.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  10,  1875.  He  ig  detailed 
as  special  officer  of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Children. 

CHARLES  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April. 27,  1841. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  4,  1886. 

HARRY  WRAY  was  born  in  England  May  31,  1850.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  17,  1877. 

THOMAS  STILES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  20, 
1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  9,  1880. 

JOHN  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  16,  1844. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  30,  1874.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  army. 

ARNOLD  FULMER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  25,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  13,  1879. 

THOMAS  WALLAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  19, 
1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  8,  1872. 

JOHN  E.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  6,  1855.     He 


586  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  November  21,  1884.  He  served 
three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

THOMAS  M.  SMITH  was  born  in  England  May  20,  1845. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  9,  1872.  He  served 
three  years  and  eight  months  in  the  United  States  Army. 

JOHN  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  21,  1823. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  2,  1872. 

JACOB  BARRINGER  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  October 
20,  1832.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  8, 

1873- 

JACOB  BEESLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  12,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  24,  1884. 

ROBERT  CHAMBERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  2,  1852. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  5,  1886. 

WILLIAM  HOOPES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  24, 
1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  i,  1880. 

BENJAMIN  C.  SMITH  was  born  in  Camden,  N.  J.,  Decem- 
ber 14,  1849.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  6, 
1885. 

ALEXANDER  BOYD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  18, 
1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  20,  1874. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  four  years  and  a  half. 

JOSEPH  SNYDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  24,  1856. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  28,  1884. 

JOHN  KEYSER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  30,  1830. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Vaux  June  i,  1856. 

THEODORE  JEFFERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  9, 
1847.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  10,  1884. 

JACOB  BLATTAU  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  3,  1856. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  January  2,  1882. 

HENRY  MYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  2,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  15,  1879. 

GEORGE  McNEELY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  31,  1838. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  4,  1872.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

WILLIAM  KASSEL  was  born  in  New  York,  March  25,  1852. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  February  15,  1886. 

JOSEPH  RICE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  6,  1844. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  28,  1878.  He 
served  twelve  years  in  the  army. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  587 

DAVID  TIMMINS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  2,  1853. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  6,  1884. 

GEORGE  ZANDERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  10,  1847. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  December  20,  1880. 

SAMUEL  RUSK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  24, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  4,  1886. 

WILLIAM  SAYRES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  9,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  March  6,  1886. 

SAMUEL  ATTMORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  i, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King,  June  10,  1882.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

AMOS  CASEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  26,  1844, 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JAMES  PALMER  was  born  in  England  November  5,  1844. 
He  was  appointed  January  i,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
served  three  years  and  four  months  m  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

FURGUS  PEEL  was  born  in  England  October  15,  1841.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  27,  1884.  He  served  in  the 
U.  S.  Army  four  years  and  three  months. 

GEORGE  FISHER,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa., 
March  19,  1854.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  April  24, 
1886. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

FREDERICK  HENNINGER  was  born  on  August  22,  1852. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  April  30,  1886. 

HARRY  HORROCK  was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  August 
5,  1862.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  26,  1886. 

MAYBERY  FISHER  was  born  in  Berks  Co.,  Pa.,  February 
24,  1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  November  15,  1886. 

HENRY  GOOD  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  March  28,  1843. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  December  6,  1886. 

WILLIAM  T.  SNYDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1842.  He 
has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute 
patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  29,  1887. 

THE  TWENTY-THIRD  DISTRICT. 

EDWARD  M.  LYONS,  lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-third  District, 
was  born  at  Chester,  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania,  May  9,  1842. 
He  enlisted  on  the  igth  day  of  April,  1861,  for  three  months  in  the 


588  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

Ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
service  re-enlisted  in  the  Ninety-fifth  Pennsylvan;a  Volunteers  for 
three  years.  He  was  wounded  at  Crampton  Pass,  S^uth  Mountain, 
September  14,  1862.  On  February  27,  1875,  he  was  appointed  a 
patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  served  continuously  until  Decem- 
ber 26,  1882,  when  he  resigned  to  take  the  position  of  court 
deputy  under  Sheriff  Keim.  On  April  i,  1883,  he  was  made  lieu- 
tenant of  the  Twenty-third  District  by  Mayor  Smith.  During  his 
connection  with  the  police  force  he  has  made  many  important  ar- 
rests, prominent  among  which  are  those  of  Eli  and  Samuel  Dill 
for  horse  stealing  January  22,  1876  ;  William  H.  Furlong,  a  noted 
burglar,  May  15,  1876,  who  was  also  indicted  for  assault  and  bat- 
tery with  intent  to  kill,  and  committed  to  prison  in  default  of 
$10,500  bail  and  Charles  Olten,  alias  "  Raymond  "  on  the  charges 
of  assault  and  battery  with  intent  to  kill,  and  passing  counterfeit 
money.  Olten  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  five  years  and  six 
months  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

On  the  afternoon  of  Saturday,  February  19,  1887,  the  Twenty- 
third  District  Station-House  was  the  scene  of  an  occurrence  which 
narrowly  escaped  being  a  tragedy,  and  which  gave  Lieutenant 
Lyons  an  opportunity  to  display  his  in  domitable  pluck  and  bravery. 
On  the  day  named  John  T.  Maclntyrer  an  ex-police  officer,  at  that 
time  under  suspension  by  his  lieutenant  for  violation  of  an  order, 
entered  the  station-house  crazed  with  liquor.  At  the  sergeant's 
desk  sat  Officer  Archibald  Griffith,  of  the  Ninth  District,  who  was 
acting  as  house-sergeant  in  the  place  of  Sergeant  Flinn,  who  was 
absent  on  account  of  illness.  In  chairs  in  the  room  were  seated 
Substitute  Officer  Lewis  Carpenter  a?  .d  Officer  Albert  Hart.  When 
Maclntyre  entered,  he  walked  across  the  room  to  the  pistol  rack, 
and  without  speaking  a  word,  tore  it  open.  Before  the  other 
occupants  of  the  room  were  aware  of  his  movements  he  was  facing 
the  sergeant  with  a  revolver  in  each  hand. 

"  I'm  going  to  give  it  to  you,  old  boy,"  he  said,  as  he  shot  at 
Griffith.  "And  to  you,  too,"  turning  his  weapons  upon  Carpenter 
and  Hart  without  waiting  to  see  whether  or  not  his  first  shot,  aimed 
at  Griffith,  had  taken  effect.  Fortunately  the  rum-crazed  man's 
aim  was  at  fault  and  the  three  officers  escaped  from  the  room  un- 
hurt. After  the  room  had  been  cleared  Maclntyre  continued 
firing. 

Lieutenant  Lyons  had   been  present   at   noon  roll-call   of  the 


E.  M.  LYONS, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twentv-third  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


591 


officers,  and  had  left  the  station-house  for  his  home.  He  was 
seated  at  dinner  when  Officer  Carpenter  breathlessly  rushed  into 
his  house  and  reported  the  occurrence.  Lieutenant  Lyons  hastened 
to  the  station-house,  borrowing  a  revolver  from  an  officer  whom  he 
met  on  his  way  there.  He  entered  the  building  from  the  alleyway 
on  the  west  side,  leading  directly  to  the  door  of  the  front  stairway. 
In  the  mean  time  Maclntyre  had  taken  all  the  revolvers  out  of  the 
rack,  stuffed  six  of  them  into  his  pockets  and  under  his  trousers' 
belt,  piled  up  on  the  sergeant's  desk  the  weapons  which  he  had 
discharged  and  six  others,  and  stood  out  in  the  room,  a  little  to  the 
south  and  east  of  the  doorway  which  Lieutenant  Lyons  was  ap- 
proaching. Maclntyre  stood  looking  toward  the  door  with  a  re- 
volver in  each  hand.  Before  entering,  the  lieutenant  called  out, 
"John!" 

Maclntyre  recognized  the  voice,  but  when  he  sang  out,  "Look 

out,  you !     Come  in  here  and  I'll  fix  you ! "   Lieutenant 

Lyons  sprang  forward.  His  sudden  appearance  disconcerted  Mac- 
Intyre's  aim,  and  the  ball  which  he  sent  toward  the  lieutenant 
passed  harmlessly  by  his  head  and  buried  itself  in  the  door  jamb. 
He  fired  a  second  shot  from  the  revolver  which  he  held  in  his  left 
hand,  but  it  sped  far  wide  of  its  mark,  burying  itself  in  the  doorway 
to  the  cell-room.  The  sound  of  Maclntyre's  second  shot  was 
almost  coincident  with  that  from  the  explosion  of  the  cartridge  in 
Lieutenant  Lyons'  pistol,  which,  however,  failed  to  hit  Maclntyre. 
His  second  attempt  was  more  successful,  the  ball  passing  through 
the  maddened  man's  forearm.  The  sting  of  the  bullet  brought 
Maclntyre  to  the  floor  as  if  he  were  dead,  and  he  was  secured  and 
removed  to  the  German  Hospital,  where  it  was  found  that  the 
wound  was  not  serious.  He  was  given  a  hearing  before  a  magis- 
trate on  February  21,  and  committed  for  trial  in  default  of  bail. 
An  examination  of  the  roll-room  revealed  the  marks  of  thirty-eight 
bullets.  Lieutenant  Lyons  was  highly  commended  for  his  cool- 
ness and  bravery  in  the  transaction. 

The  district  station-house  is  located  on  Jefferson  Street  above 
Twentieth.  The  district  extends  from  Poplar  Street  to  Mont- 
gomery Avenue,  and  from  Broad  Street  to  Thirty-third  Street. 
Girard  College,  the  Girls'  House  of  Refuge,  the  German  Hospital, 
St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  the  Home  of  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor, 
the  Women's  Hospital  and  College,  the  Church  of  the  Jesu  and 
the  Wagner  Free  Institute  are  among  the  prominent  public  insti- 


592  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

tutions  in  this  district.  "  Brewery  Town,"  in  which  are  the  Bei- 
gner&Engel,  the  Baltz,  and  Muller's  extensive  breweries,  is  also 
within  its  limits. 

Sergeant  JOHN  H.  NORBURY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
November  26,  1834.  He  entered  the  department  on  January  i, 
1872,  when  Mayor  Stokley  appointed  him  as  sergeant.  He  has 
served  continuously  since  under  mayors  King  and  Smith.  He  has 
made  a  number  of  important  arrests,  chiefly  for  the  crime  of 
robbery. 

Sergeant  ERIE  H.  WATSON  was  born  at  New  Castle,  Dela- 
ware, on  February  21,  1851.  He  entered  the  police  service  under 
Mayor  Smith  on  January  9, 1886,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  on 
February  u,  1886. 

House-Sergeant  CHARLES  PETERSON  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia on  March  14,  1848.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor 
Stokley  on  April  25,  1876,  and  has  been  in  continuous  service 
since.  He  was  promoted  to  house-sergeant  on  April  15,  1885,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

House-Sergeant  THOMAS  L.  FLINN  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
on  December  3,  1844.  He  left  the  employ  of  the  Government  as  a 
letter  carrier  to  accept  the  position  of  house-sergeant,  to  which  he 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  January,  1875.  He  was  re- 
moved by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  12,  1885,  and  was  reappointed  by 
him  on  January  i,  1886.  He  served  in  the  army  and  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania  Court  House. 

JOHN  N.  CARPENTER,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia July  30,  1842.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force' by 
Mayor  Fox  as  a  patrolman  January  20,  1871,  and  was  detailed  as 
special  officer  in  July  of  the  same  year.  He  has  served  in  that 
capacity  since,  and  has  done  good  service  in  his  district,  and  a 
great  many  dangerous  criminals  owe  to  his  vigilance  terms  in  the 
penitentiary  ranging  from  one  to  eight  years.  He  arrested  and  broke 
up  the  gangs  to  which  they  belonged,  John  Baker,  James  Adams, 
Frank  Moran,  and  "  Doc  "  Wood  ;  John  Weldon,  Edward  Carroll, 
and  George  McGugan,  burglars  and  house  breakers  ;  Charles  Hat- 
field,  John  Blake  and  George  Miller,  professional  house  thieves. 
Another  gang,  consisting  of  Martin  Lafferty,  William  Ralston  and 
Thomas  Nolan,  and  the  "  receiver,"  George  Lennox,  was  broken 
up  by  Officer  Carpenter,  $3000  worth  of  stolen  goods  was  re- 
covered, and  the  members  of  the  gang  were  sent  to  the  peniten- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  593 

tiary  for  seven  years.  Among  the  other  criminals  of  note  who 
owe  terms  in  prison  to  Officer  Carpenter  are  William  Furlong, 
burglar;  Robert  Ross,  James  Boyle  and  Hiram  Garrett,  pickpock- 
ets ;  Robert  Miller,  sneak  thief  ;  James  Riley,  James  Kelly  and 
Andrew  Smith,  pickpockets  ;  James  Gilmore,  Fred  Smith  and  James 
Montgomery,  burglars  ;  Tilly  Carter  and  Kate  Mclntire,  "  servant 
thieves  ;  "  Bernard  Riley,  James  Moore  and  Augustus  Heyburne, 
thieves ;  Robert  Wilson,  Henry  Jones  and  John  Brady,  danger- 
ous pickpockets ;  William  Stout  and  William  Edwards,  Robert 
Hackett,  James  Martin,  Harvey  Smith,  George  Eaton  and  John 
Murphy,  thieves  ;  Joseph  Wagner  and  Joseph  Lex,  burglars  ;  E. 
Frances,  house  robber;  John  Barry  and  Henry  L.  Williams,  burg- 
lars, and  a  number  of  other  criminals  of  greater.or  less  prominence, 
each  of  whom  served  terms  of  imprisonment  for  his  crimes. 

JOHN  F.  HILL  was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  November  2, 
1839.  He  entered  the  department  March  21,  1886.  He  served 
four  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

PETER  M.  COX  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  30,  1827.  He 
entered  the  department  on  March  i,  1872,  under  Mayor  Stokley. 
He  served  one  year  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  has  made  a  number 
of  arrests  of  thieves,  pickpockets  and  burglars. 

GEORGE  ELFREY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  25,  1839. 
He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i, 
1872  ;  resigned  April  5,  1880,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Stokley  on  August  7,  1880. 

JAMES  STILES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  29,  1835. 
He  entered  the  force  under  Mayor  Stokley,  August  14,  1875  i  re~ 
signed  November  14,  1879,  an<^  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith 
May  23,  1884. 

LEWIS  J.  WHEELER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  January 
14,  1845.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  June  22,  1874. 
He  served  six  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JOHN  A.  WHARTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  19, 
1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  February  10,  1872  ; 
resigned  June  24,  1873,  and  was  reappointed  on  February  i,  1880, 
by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CHARLES   HUMES  was  born  in   Bucks  County,  January  27, 
1847.     He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  15,  1884;  resigned 
August  n,  1885,  and  was  reappointed  January  19,  1886.     He  has 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 
38 


594  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

WILLIAM  McGREGOR  was  born  in  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  March 
2,  1858.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  December  3,  1881  ; 
resigned  May  23,  1884,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  Jan- 
uary 24,  1886. 

MOSES  CLEMENTS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Decem- 
ber 12,  1842.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  on  June  9, 
1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and  has  served  continuously  since. 

SAMUEL  McCORKLE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  26, 
1832.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  7,  1879. 

GEORGE  W.  SHARP  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  7, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  July  23,  1875. 

THOMAS  G.  JOHNSTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Novem- 
ber 10,  1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  May,  1876. 
He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

THOMAS  J.  PARKER  was  born  February  14,  1839.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  McMichael  in  May,  1869;  resigned  after 
serving  six  months  under  Mayor  Fox.  Mayor  Stokley  reap- 
pointed him  January  i,  1872. 

EBER  T.  MERCER  was  born  in  Chester  Co..  Pa.,  January  10, 
1835.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley,  January  i,  1875. 
He  has  served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

THOMAS  P.  PLUMER  was  born  in  Cheltenham,  Pa.,  Decem- 
ber 16,  1851.  He  was  appointed  by'  Mayor  Stokley,  January  2, 
1880.  He  has  made  a  number  of  important  arrests,  among  them 
William  Haggerty,  alias  Bill  Edwards,  a  notorious  sneak  thief. 

DANIEL  S.  ELLIOTT  was  born  in  Ireland  October  13,  1830. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  December  3,  1881. 

JOHN  BOEHM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  12,  1849. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  10,  1875.  He  ar- 
rested Fred  Ames,  alias  Bennett,  a  thief. 

JOHN  R.  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  February  28, 
1830.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Henry  October 
20,  1862,  and  served  until  June  5,  1869,  when  he  resigned. 
Mayor  Stokley  reappointed  him  January  i,  1872. 

MARTIN  V.  BROWN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  9, 
1840.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  4,  1875, 
as  a  Reserve.  He  was  promoted  to  sergeant  of  the  Seventh  Dis- 
trict, April  i,  1876;  resigned  April  21,  1880,  and  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1885.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S. 
Army. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


595 


BENJAMIN  F.  HYNES  was  born  in  Maryland  July  2,  1834. 
He  was  appointed  May  23,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith  ;  resigned  July  ' 
10,  1885  ;  reappointed  January  19,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  VANRODEN  was  born  at  Newark,  N.  J., 
December  n,  1855.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
November,  1884. 

GEORGE  McFARLAND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November 
5,  1842.  He  entered  the  department  February  9,  1886,  under 
Mayor  Smith.  He  served  three  years  and  four  months  in  the 
U.  S.  Navy. 

THOMAS  WOOLWORTH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  4, 
1849.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  23,  1884.  He 
has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps. 

WILLIAM  CRAIG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  2,  1851. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  July  22,  1875.  He  nas 
made  a  number  of  important  arrests. 

WILLIAM  L.  GODWIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  14, 
1844.  He  became  a  patrolman  under  Mayor  McMichael,  and 
served  one  year  as  a  special  officer.  He  resigned  in  June,  1868, 
but  re-entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  April  16,  1886. 
He  served  five  years  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

EDWARD  COLSHER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  n, 
1837.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

HENRY  BROWER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  5, 
1843.  He  entered  the  department  January  i,  1872,  under  Mayor 
Stokley ;  resigned  February  i8~,  1879,  to  ta^e  a  position  as  fore- 
man in  the  fire  department.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
King  December  26,  1882.  He  has  arrested  a  number  of  crimi- 
nals for  various  crimes.  He  served  two  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

EDWIN  S.  BEERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  21,  1852. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  force  October  6,  1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

DANIEL  MURRAY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  16, 
1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  i,  1873. 
Among  the  important  arrests  he  has  made  was  Christ.  Grover,  a 
burglar. 

OVENTON  HOWARD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  29, 
1839.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Henry  in  March,  1862 ; 
resigned  in  June,  1869  ;  was  reappointed  January  i,  1872  ;  re- 
signed April  5,  1880,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  De- 
cember 16,  1884.  He  has  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 


596  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

JACOB  W.  MOWER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  i, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  King  April  10,  1882. 

ALBERT  A.  HART  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  October  25, 

1850.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley,  September  i,  1874  ; 
resigned  June  26,  1882,  and   was   reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith, 
May  24,  1884. 

WILLIAM  H.  SMYTH  was  born  in  1845.  He  was  appointed 
by  Mayor  Stokley  September  n,  1877;  resigned  January  i,  1879, 
and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  King  on  July  7,  1882.  On  Sep- 
tember 2,  1884,  he  arrested  Milton  Wilson,  a  negro,  for  a  murder 
committed  in  Maryland. 

SAMUEL  R.  H  ANNUM  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  31, 
1846.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  March 
i,  1872. 

MARK  LEEDS  was  born  in  Atlantic  County,  New  Jersey, 
August  3,  1832.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stok- 
ley in  October,  1879.  He  served  three  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

ALEX.  H.  FREEMAN  was  born'  in  Philadelphia  April  16, 
1841.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  January 
21,  1886.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  and  was  raised  to  the 
rank  of  brevet  captain  for  gallant  conduct  in  action. 

WILLIAM  BABE  was  born  August  26,  1826.  He  entered 
the  department  under  Mayor  Conrad  in  June,  1854,  and  served 
under  mayors  Henry  and  McMichael.  He  was  reappointed  in 
June,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  War  and 
in  the  late  war  from  June,  1861,  to  November,  1865. 

ISAIAH  E.  TURNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  18, 
1855.  He  was  appointed  May  i,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  and 
after  a  short  absence  from  the  force  was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Smith  March  n,  1886. 

RICHARD  C.  CARPENTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April 
18,  1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  19,  1886. 

JOHN  N.  BITTING  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  17, 

1851.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  May  6, 
1876  ;  resigned  February  20,  1884,  and  became  special  officer  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company.    Was  reappointed  by  Mayor 
Smith  June  16,  1886. 

WILLIAM  H.  CHUTE  was  born  November  16,  1854.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  January  9,  1886. 

JOSEPH  H.  HALLOWELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


597 


30,   1846;  appointed  to   the    police  force    October    14,    1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

ROBERT  BROWN,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Delaware  County, 
September  28,  1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  Octo- 
ber 12,  1873. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

JOHN  E.  CRAIG  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  17,  1850; 
appointed  to  the  police  force  December  5,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley ; 
resigned  March  25,  1880;  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  8, 
1884,  and  again  resigned  June  16,  1885.  He  received  his  third 
appointment  to  the  force  as  a  substitute  at  the  hands  of  Mayor 
Smith  November  22,  1886. 

NAPOLEON  A.  VACHE  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
July  12,  1858;  appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  substitute 
November  22,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

LEWIS  F.  CARPENTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  10, 
1853.  He  was  first  appointed  to  the  police  force  November  to, 
1879,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  served  until  May  26,  1884 ;  was 
reappointed  as  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  October  15, 
1886. 

JOHN  F.  STILES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  21,  1857. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  substitute  patrolman  October 
22,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

LEWIS  D.  WHITE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  28,  1858. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  substitute  patrolman  Decem- 
ber 21,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Continued). 

TWENTY-FOURTH  AND  TWENTY-FIFTH  DISTRICTS. — LIEU- 
TENANT CLASE  AND  HIS  LARGE  DISTRICT. — CHIEF  SHED- 
DEN  OF  THE  EQUIPMENT  BUREAU. — MESSAGE  CLERK 
GORDON. — SERGEANTS  REED,  CREALMAN,  ENDERS,  BUR- 
GIN,  HARMER,  CHADWICK,  CUMMINGS,  CRAIGHEAD  AND 
WEISS. — SPECIAL  OFFICER  CRUPP. — RECORDS  OF  THE 
MEN. — LIEUTENANT  PATTERSON  AND  THE  NEW  TWEN- 
TY-FIFTH.— PATROL  STATION  NO.  6. — SERGEANTS  DAL- 
LAS, BUCHANAN,  LEWIS,  MACTAGUE  AND  O'DONNEL. 
— PATROL  SERGEANTS  DAVIS  AND  CHARLTON. — THE 
SHOOTING  OF  SALOON-KEEPER  TAMANY  BY  SAILOR 
SULLIVAN. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. 

THE  TWENTY-FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

SAMUEL  CLASE,  lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-fourth  District, 
was  born  in  the  county  of  Devonshire,  England,  November  29, 
1839.  He  came  to  this  country  early  in  life,  and  learned  the  sail- 
making  trade.  He  was  engaged  in  that  business  in  the  building 
in  which  he  first  started,  for  twenty  years.  He  was  appointed 
lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-fourth  District  by  Mayor  Smith  January 
1 8,  1886.  During  this  short  term  of  service  a  number  of  impor- 
tant arrests  have  been  made  in  his  district  by  the  officers  under 
his  direction,  notable  among  which  were  Charles  Smith  and 
George  Collins,  house-breakers,  March  19  ;  Charles  Archibald, 
manslaughter,  May  15  ;  Lewis  Baker,  burglar,  July  19  ;  Richard 
McGrath,  burglar,  August  29  ;  Richard  Kehoe,  for  murder,  Au- 
gust 29  ;  George  Whittico,  horse-thief.  September  25  ;  Charles  H. 
Skirm,  horse-thief,  October  19,  and  John  J.  Coates,  for  rape,  Oc- 
tober 29.  The  main  station-house  is  at  the  south-west  corner  of 
Belgrade  and  Clearfield  streets.  Connected  with  it  are  two  sub- 


SAMUEL  CLASE, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-fourth  District. 


PAST  A\D  PRESENT.  6oi 

stations,  one  at  No.  3883  Germantown  Avenue,  Nicetown,  and  one 
corner  of  Richmond  and  Kirkbride  streets,  Bridesburg.  This  dis- 
trict is  one  of  the  largest,  extending  from  the  Delaware  River 
at  Lehigh  Avenue,  along  Lehigh  Avenue  to  Germantown  Avenue, 
to  the  line  of  the  Twenty-second  Ward,  to  Frankford  Creek,  along 
Frankford  Creek  to  ihe  Delaware  River  to  the  place  of  beginning, 
including  in  its  boundaries  over  ten  square  miles.  The  North 
Philadelphia  drove  yard,  the  Simes  storage  warehouse,  the 
Philadelphia  Grain  Elevator  Company,  the  Twenty-fifth  Ward 
gas  works,  Baeder,  Adamson  &  Co.'s  great  glue  factories,  several 
large  fertilizer  and  phosphate  manufactories,  planing  mills,  car- 
pet factories,  hosiery  mills,  cordage  factories,  chemical  works,  dye 
houses,  oil-cloth  works,  shoddy  mills,  breweries,  iron  foundries 
and  Balfour's  great  paper  mill,  where  most  of  the  paper  used  by 
the  Government  for  printing  internal  revenue  and  postage  stamps 
is  made,  are  within  the  limits  of  the  Twenty-fourth  District. 

JOHN  SHEDDEN,  chief  of  the  Equipment  Bureau,  is  on  the 
rolls  of  the  24th  District.  He  was  born  in  Scotland  and  was  ap- 
pointed to  his  present  position  in  the  department  by  Mayor  Smith 
in  April,  1884. 

GEORGE  F.  GORDON,  message  clerk  to  Mayor  Smith,  is 
also  on  the  roll  of  the  24th  District.  He  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia and  was  appointed  warrant  clerk  by  Mayor  King  in  April, 
1 88 1.  He  served  in  that  position  under  Mayor  King,  and  upon 
Mayor  Smith's  inauguration  he  was  tendered  the  appointment  of 
message  clerk. 

RICHARD  F.  GREEN,  messenger  at  the  Equipment  Bureau, 
was  born  in  Ireland  and  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Equipment  Bureau  are  located  at 
the  Fourth  District  Station-House  on  Fifth  Street,  above  Race. 

Sergeant  JOHN  REED  was  born  at  Waterford,  Ireland,  No- 
vember 18,  1843.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Me- 
Michael  in  1867.  He  resigned  when  Mayor  Fox  was  inaugurated 
in  1869,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  25,  1875. 
He  was  on  special  duty  in  the  district  for  some  years  and  was 
connected  with  many  important  captures  in  homicide,  burglary, 
highway  robbery  and  other  cases.  He  served  four  years  in  the 
army,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  May  i,  1884.  He  was  act- 


602  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

ing  lieutenant  of  the  district  for  seven  months  in  1885,  during  a 
vacancy. 

Sergeant  HAZLET  CREALMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
December  i,  1855.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  pa- 
trolman by  Mayor  Stokley  March  17,  1879,  and  was  promoted  to 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Smith  May  i,  1884.  He  arrested  Arthur  Bur- 
dock, and  "  Falso  "  Murphy,  burglars,  and  a  number  of  other 
criminals  of  less  note,  all  of  whom  were  sent  to  prison  for  their 
offences. 

Sergeant  HENRY  ENDERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Octo- 
ber n,  1845.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  January  i,  1875,  and  promoted  to  sergeant  April  i,  1878, 
and  placed  in  charge  of  the  Nicetown  sub-station.  He  served  one 
year  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

Sergeant  ALBERT  BURGIN  was  born  in  Germany  in  April, 
1843.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884,  and  made  sergeant  of  Bridesburg  sub- 
station in  December,  1886.  He  served  four  years  in  the  U.  S. 
Army,  and  was  wounded.  He  has  made  a  number  of  important 
arrests. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  L.  HARMER  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia April  5,  1845.  He  entered  the  department  as  patrolman 
March  13,  1879,  under  Mayor  Stokley,  and  was  promoted  to  house- 
sergeant  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  8,  1881.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  B.  CHADWICK  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  November  19,  1845.  He  was  appointed  telegraph 
operator  under  Mayor  McMichael  in  June,  1867,  and  has  con- 
tinued in  the  service  since.  He  served  three  years  in  the  U.  S. 
Army  and  was  wounded  in  June,  1864. 

House-Sergeant  JAMES  CUMMINGS  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia December  10,  1855.  He  was  made  house-sergeant  by  Mayor 
Smith  May  2,  1884,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Bridesburg 
sub-station. 

House-Sergeant  ALFRED  CRAIGHEAD  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia January  3,  1845.  He  was  appointed  house-sergeant  by 
Mayor  Stokley  May  i,  1875,  and  assigned  to  the  Delaware  Har- 
bor Police  Station.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Nicetown  sub-sta- 
tion September  i,  1878.  He  served  three  years  in  the  U.  S. 
Army. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


603 


House-Sergeant  GEORGE  W.  WEISS  was  born  in  Germany 
June  23,  1830.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  in  April,  1879  ;  was  discharged  by  Mayor  King  and  re- 
turned to  the  department  under  Mayor  Smith  in  September,  1884, 
as  patrolman.  He  was  promoted  by  Mayor  Smith  to  sergeant, 
and  transferred  to  the  Bridesburg  sub-station  in  1886.  He  has 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

EDWARD  CRUPP,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Ohio  March  i, 
1858.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith 
March  24,  1886,  and  assigned  to  duty  as  special  officer  of  the 
Twenty-fourth  District. 

JOHN  L.  HARPER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1851.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  October  25, 
j886. 

CHARLES  HOLLAND  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1853.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  September  n, 
1886. 

GEORGE  W.  PERRY  was  born  in  Delaware  in  1843.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  September  n, 
1886. 

WILLIAM  BLUMHARDT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October 
5,  1856.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  April  6,  1885,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

.EDWARD  RITTENHOUSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  Sep- 
tember, 1857.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith 
January  29,  1886. 

JOHN  SCHMIDT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  t8,  1856. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  October  ]8,  1884. 

THEODORE  FLOOD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  23, 
1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  April,  1872,  and 
has  served  since.  He  captured  William  Delaney  who  murdered 
Captain  Lawrence  at  Cow  Bay,  Long  Island.  Delaney  was 
hanged  for  the  crime. 

CHARLES  WOLFE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  26, 
1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  31,  1884. 

EDWARD  FLOOD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  19,  1844. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  November,  1874;  resigned 
April  14,  1879;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  4,  1884. 

JOHN  DOWNING  was  born  in  Philadelphia.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Stokley  May  10,  1876.  He  was  made  special 


604  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

officer  of  the  district  by  Mayor  King  April  5,  1882,  and  while  act- 
ing in  that  capacity  he  arrested  a  large  number  of  dangerous 
criminals,  including  murderers,  burglars,  and  highway  robbers. 

ELLIS  GASKILL  was  born  at  Stockport,  England,  February 
5,  1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  26,  1884. 

CHARLES  C.  TUSTIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  7, 
1836.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  February,  1872. 
He  has  a  record  of  having  saved  a  number  of  persons  from  drown- 
ing, and  has  also  made  a  number  of  arrests. 

JOHN  BLACK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  22,  1842.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JOHN  PALMER  was  born  in  England  in  1841.  He  entered 
the  department  under  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

CHARLES  AIKENS  was  born  in  Ireland  July  i,  1843.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  June  14,  1884. 

A.  M.  JOHNSTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1859.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  14,  1884. 

LEWIS  A.  HASPEL,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
July  15,  1853.  He  was  made  special  officer  of  the  district  by 
Mayor  Smith  April  16,  1886. 

JOSEPH  PAUL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  November  27,  1850. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  October  23,  1875. 

JOHN  UICKEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  3,  1836.  He 
was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  August  15,  1875.  He  has 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JOHN  BLOOMER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  18,  1858. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  April  7,  1885. 

JAMES  B.  CREIGHTON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February 
22,  1857.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884. 

SAMUEL  EAKENS  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1829.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Henry  and  served  until  the  inauguration  of 
Mayor  Fox.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872,  and 
has  retained  his  position  since.  He  has  served  nineteen  years. 
He  was  shot  and  seriously  wounded  at  midnight,  June  17,  1872, 
while  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty. 

FREDERICK  SCHWARTZ  was  born  in  Germany  January  7, 
1842.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  28,  1884.  He 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


605 


ROBERT  W.  KINCADE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  10, 
1855.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  19,  1884. 

BENJAMIN  F.  EASTBURN  was  born  at  Bristol,  Pa.,  June  5, 
1848.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  5,  1880. 
He  arrested  John  Irwin,  a  thief. 

SAMUEL  B.  LUKENS  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa., 
November  28,  1853.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in 
February,  1876  ;  resigned  October  16,  1881,  and  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Smith  June  19,  1884. 

JOHN  P.  NECE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  15,  1842. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  25,  1878.  He 
arrested  James  Lyons  for  attempted  murder  ;  Peter  Kearns  for  an 
attempt  to  kill  a  police  officer,  and  James  McFadden  for  the  mur- 
der of  his  uncle,  Bernard  McCollum.  Nece  served  three  years  in 
the  U.  S.  Army  with  the  rank  of  sergeant. 

CHARLES  A.  SANDERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December 
28,  1846.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  June  24,  1884. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

JOHN  WILSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  27,  1846. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  23,  1884. 

GEORGE  MAWHINNEY  was  born  in  Ireland  December  25, 
1846.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  June  i,  1875,  and 
served  four  years.  On  May  21,  1884,  he  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Smith. 

LEWIS  MAKIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  17,  1848. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  3,  1876. 

JOHN  EASTERDAY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  28, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  September  28,  1874. 

ROBERT  LIGGETT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  25, 
1851.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  June,  1884. 

JAMES  C.  PAUL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  30,  1855. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  26,  1884. 

WILLIAM  McCLINTOCK  was  born  October 3,  1855.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  31,  1884. 

CHARLES  F.  STROUSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  21, 
1834.  He  was  appointed  January  i,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  For  six  years  he  was  on  duty  on  the 
river  front  and  rescued  ten  persons  from  drowning  and  recovered 
the  bodies  of  thirteen  drowned  people. 

CHARLES   R.  CROSTA  was   born  in  Philadelphia  December 


606  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

28,  1854.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  26,  1884.  He 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

HUGH  PATTON  was  born  in  Ireland  June  18,  1842.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1875.  He  was  detailed 
as  sergeant  of  the  district  during  a  vacancy  from  June  8,  1885,  to 
January  18,  1886. 

GEORGE  W.  JOHNSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February 
12,  1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  May  10,  1876; 
resigned  March  12,  1881  ;  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
September,  1884.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

LEWIS  BETZOLD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  23, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1875. 

WILLIAM  H.  KRIMMEL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on 
July  i,  1858.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  November  17, 
1884. 

THOMAS  McCONNELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May 
5,  1858.  He  was  made  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  June 
19,  1884. 

JOHN  T.  EHRESMAN  was  born  November  3,  1859.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  King  in  October,  1881.  He  was  out  of  the 
department  for  a  while  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in 
May,  1884.  He  arrested  Joseph  Irwin,  Charles  Buchannan  and 
one  McBride,  John  McDonald  and  Arthur  Burdick,  burglars. 

WILLIAM  H.  MOORE  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  September 
21,  1842.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i, 
1872. 

ROBERT  CREIGHTON  was  born  in  Ireland  July  15.  1837. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  McMichael  in  1866 ;  was  dismissed 
by  Mayor  Fox  in  1869,  and  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January,  1872.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  arrested  An- 
drew Gegin  and  Charles  Sturm,  horse  thieves. 

CHARLES  W.  MILLER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Decem- 
ber 24,  1848.  He  was  appointed  in  June,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

THEODORE  F.  WEYSER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February 
17,  1837.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  February  10,  1886. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army. 

ELI  K.  WORTHLINE  was  bom  in  Philadelphia  August  17, 
1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  February  i,  1886.  He 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  607 

JOHN  STARTS  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1851.  He  was 
appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  April  6,  1885. 

WILLIAM  TREFTS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  7,  1844. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  30,  1884.  He  served  in 
the  U.  S.  Army  and  was  wounded  at  the  battles  of  Petersburg  and 
Spottsylvania.  „ 

LOUIS  SIMONS  was  born  in  Germany  March  4,  1848.  He 
was  appointed  June  i,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  served  in  the 
U.  S.  Army. 

JAMES  KITCHENMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  5, 
1856.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  May  i,  1886. 

JOHN  RHODES,  turnkey,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  March  9, 
1823.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

LEWIS  BOSSLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty  years 
of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
on  October  21,  1886.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

RICHARD  WILBEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty 
years  old.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  May  i,  1886. 

THOMAS  JAMISON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  forty 
years  of  age.  He  served  four  years  in  the  U.  S.  Army.  He  was 
appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  17, 
1887. 

SAMUEL  HOYLE  was  born  in  England  and  is  thirty-five  years 
of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith 
January  18,  1887. 

THE  TWENTY-FIFTH    DISTRICT. 

JOHN  B.  PATTERSON,  lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Police 
District,  was  born  in  New  Castle  County,  Delaware,  on  May  13, 
1847.  He  came  to  Philadelphia  while  a  child  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools.  After  leaving  the  high  school  he  entered  the 
iron  foundry  of  Morris,  Tasker  &  Co.,  where  he  remained  four 
years,  part  of  which  time  he  spent  in  the  office  as  clerk.  Sedentary 
employment  not  being  conducive  to  his  health,  he  served  an  appren- 
ticeship as  butcher  with  William  B.  Martin,  and  afterwards  engaged 
in  that  business  for  himself,  and  followed  it  for  several  years. 


608  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

When  the  paid  fire  department  was  organized,  Patterson  was  appoin  l- 
ed  hoseman  in  Engine  Company  No.  10,  and  in  September,  1873,  was 
made  foreman  of  that  company.  He  remained  in  the  fire  depart- 
ment until  March,  1877.  In  1880  Patterson  was  elected  constable 
in  the  First  Ward,  and  filled  that  office  for  five  years.  He  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-fifth  District,  April  7,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith.  The  station-house  is  located  at  Nos.  1507  and  1509 
Moyamensing  Avenue  below  Dickinson  Street,  and  the  district 
is  bounded  as  follows  :  south  side  of  Wharton  Street  to  Passyunk 
Avenue,  to  Broad  Street,  and  extending  along  the  east  side  of  thai 
thoroughfare  to  Back  Channel,  including  League  Island,  to  Dela- 
ware River,  and  back  to  Wharton  Street.  Among  the  important 
buildings  included  within  its  boundaries  are  the  U.  S.  Navy  Yard 
buildings,  J.  T.  Bailey  &  Co.'s  rope-walk,  Morris,  Tasker  &  Co.'s 
iron  works,  Elkington  &  Bro.'s  soap  works,  Morgan  &  Headley's 
spectacle  manufacturing  works,  Pennsylvania  Salt  Co.'s  works, 
Logan,  Ellis  &  Co.'s  phosphate  works,  Baugh  &  Son's  fertilizing 
works,  Thomas  Roberts  &  Steven's  hollow-ware  moulding  works, 
and  other  important  manufacturing  establishments.  Police  Patrol 
Station  No.  6  is  located  at  the  Twenty-fifth  District  Station 
House. 

Sergeant  JOSEPH  H.  DALLAS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July 
14,  1840.  He  served  three  months  in  the  2oth  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  and  one  year  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  police  force  in  April,  1876,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and 
assigned  to  duty  at  the  Centennial  Exposition  grounds.  In  July 
of  that  year  he  was  made  special  officer  at  the  grounds,  and  De- 
cember i,  1876,  was  transferred  to  the  Second  Police  District  as  pa- 
trolman. He  was  promoted  to  sergeant  January  21,  1880,  and  on 
November  14,  1883,  was  transferred  to  the  Third  District  by- 
Mayor  King.  On  May  2,  1884,  he  was  sent  back  to  his  old  Dis- 
trict, the  Second,  and  on  the  formation  of  the  Twenty-fifth  District, 
August  9,  1886,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  there  as  sergeant 
by  Mayor  Smith. 

Sergeant  FRANCIS  BUCHANAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
January  14,  1847.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late 
war,  and  was  appointed  patrolman  in  the  Seventeenth  District  by 
Mayor  Stokley  December  i,  1875.  He  was  promoted  to  sergeant 
of  that  district  in  February,  1882,  by  Mayor  King,  and  transferred 


JNO.  B.  PATTERSON, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Twentv-fifth  District. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  £„ 

to  his  present  post  August  9,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith.  He  has 
made  several  important  arrests. 

House-Sergeant  EDWARD  T.  LEWIS  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia April  7,  1847.  He  was  educated  at  Girard  College  and  en- 
listed in  the  Ninety-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  March 
15,  1865.  He  was  mustered  out  of  service  with  his  regiment  July 
17,  1865,  and  was  appointed  a  patrolman  in  the  Seventh  Dis- 
trict by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872.  He  was  promoted  to 
house-sergeant  of  that  district  June  7,  1877,  and  was  transferred 
to  the  Twenty-fifth  District  August  7,  1886.  He  has  made  several 
important  arrests. 

House-Sergeant  WILLIAM  B.  MACTAGUE  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia July  23,  1848.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  Oc- 
tober 12,  1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley,  as  house-sergeant  in  the  Sixth 
District.  Resigned  under  Mayor  King,  February  16,  1883,  and 
was  reappointed  as  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith,  May  3,  1884. 
He  was  promoted  to  house-sergeant  of  the  Twenty-fifth  District 
August  7,  1886. 

House-Sergeant  RICHARD  H.  O'DONNEL  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia November  2,  1844.  He  served  over  three  years  in  the 
Twenty-sixth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  during  the  late 
war,  as  private,  corporal  and  color-bearer,  and  had  the  honor  of 
bringing  the  regimental  colors  home.  He  was  wounded  at  Get- 
tysburg July  2,  1863,  and  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  May  6, 
1864.  He  was  for  fourteen  years  in  charge  of  the  telegraph 
service  at  League  Island  Station.  Was  appointed  house-sergeant 
by  Mayor  Smith  September  i,  1886,  and  assigned  to  the  Twenty- 
fifth  District. 

Patrol-Sergeant  JAMES  C.  DAVIS,  of  Patrol  No.  6,  located  at 
the  Twenty-fifth  District  Station-House,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
November  4,  1839.  He  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  on  June  29, 
1859,  and  served  until  January  13,  1862.  He  re-enlisted  in  the 
service  on  January  20,  1864,  and  served  until  he  was  honorably 
discharged  on  March  25,  1867.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police 
force  on  November  6,  1873,  by  Mayor  Stokley  and  was  promoted 
to  sergeant  of  Patrol  No.  6,  by  Mayor  Smith  on  August  9,  1886. 

Patrol-Sergeant  CHARLES  P.  CHARLTON,  of  Patrol  No.  6, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  4,  1844.  He  enlisted  in  the  72d 
Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  in  1861  and  re-enlisted  on  the 
field  when  his  time  had  expired  in  1863.  He  was  appointed  to  the 


612  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  2,  1884,  and  promoted  to  ser- 
geant of  the  patrol  on  August  7,  1886.  The  most  important  arrest 
Officer  Charlton  ever  made  was  that  of  sailor  James  Sullivan  for 
shooting  and  killing,  in  September,  1884,  John  Tamany,  a  saloon- 
keeper at  Third  and  Monroe  streets,  whom  Sullivan  charged  with 
refusing  to  deliver  up  a  large  sum  of  money  which  he  declared  he 
had  left  in  Tamany's  keeping.  Sullivan  was  just  home  from  a 
cruise  in  the  Mediterranean  and  along  the  European  coast  in  the 
United  States  steamer  Powhatan. 

Sullivan's  story  was  that  he  had,  by  Tamany's  advice,  left  $585 
with  the  latter  about  a  week  before  the  shooting.  On  the  day  of  the 
murder  he  asked  for  the  return  of  the  money  and  Tamany  denied 
that  he  had  it.  The  sailor  had  him  arrested  and  bound  over  for  a 
further  hearing,  which  was  set  for  several  weeks  later.  Sullivan  was 
crazed  by  the  loss  of  his  three  years'  savings,  and  he  entered  the 
barroom  kept  by  Tamany  on  a  Saturday  afternoon,  and  was  ordered 
out  by  the  proprietor,  who  was  alone  in  the  bar.  The  sailor  paid 
no  attention  to  the  order  to  leave,  but  laid  down  a  piece  of  money 
on  the  bar  and  asked  for  a  drink.  Tamany's  reply  was  to  hurl  a 
bottle  at  the  sailor's  head  and  the  latter  drew  his  revolver  and  fired 
an  ineffectual  shot.  More  bottles  were  thrown  by  Tamany,  and 
several  of  them  left  ugly  gashes  in  Sullivan's  scalp.  Three  rapid 
shots  from  the  British  bull-dog  revolver  laid  the  saloon-keeper 
bleeding  on  the  floor,  and  he  died  a  day  or  two  later  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital.  Sullivan  fled  as  soon  as  he  had  done  the  shoot- 
ing, and  was  captured  by  Officer  Charlton  at  Fourth  and  Bain- 
bridge  streets.  He  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  a  term  in 
prison,  where  he  remained  until  December,  1886,  when  he  was 
adjudged  insane  and  was  sent  to  the  Norristown  Insane  Asylum, 
where  he  is  now  confined. 

JOHN  ANDERSON,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia, January  19,  1853.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Smith  in  May,  1884,  and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Seven- 
teenth District.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Twenty-fifth  District 
when  it  was  formed.  He  and  Special  Officer  Slater,  now  of  the 
Second  District,  worked  together  in  the  Seventeenth  and  made  a 
number  of  important  arrests.  They  arrested  Jack  Hunter,  a 
notorious  thief,  who  had  a  weakness  for  other  men's  horseflesh. 
Officers  Anderson  and  Slater  captured  him  for  stealing  a  horse  and 
wagon  from  the  Dock  Street  wharf.  The  property  was  recovered, 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  613 

and  Hunter  was  sentenced  to  the  Eastern  Penitentiary.  Another 
notorious  thief  named  James  McGuire,  alias  "  Piggy  "  Maguire,  was 
arrested  by  them  for  stealing  a  wagon  load  of  shoes  from  a  store 
at  Fifth  and  Market  streets ;  also  Henry  Ualton,  alias  Henry 
Wilson,  alias  "  Dutchy ''  Dalton,  for  a  burglary  committed  in 
Snyder  County,  Penn.  He  was  taken  to  Middleburg  and  sen- 
tenced to  six  years'  imprisonment,  but  escaped  from  the  sheriff  and 
is  still  at  large. 

They  arrested  James  Brody,  a  professional  thief,  for  highway 
robbery  :  he  robbed  William  McNalley  of  $1265  ;  James  Kane, 
for  the  murder  of  his  brother  Andrew.  They  collected  the  evi- 
dence in  this  case  and  secured  the  conviction.  James  Fitzpatrick 
was  arrested  by  these  officers  for  the  murder  of  his  son  with  an 
old  sabre,  at  Passyunk  Avenue  and  Morris  Street.  Fitzpatrick  was 
sentenced  to  two  years'  imprisonment,  and  died  in  the  Eastern  Pen- 
itentiary. John  Riley,  James  Kane  and  Peter  Cochran  were  ap- 
prehended by  them  for  a  most  heinous  assault  on  Mary  Gallagher 
in  the  lower  section  of  the  city.  Kane  and  Riley  were  con- 
victed, and  received  sentences  of  seven  and  eight  years  respect- 
ively, and  Cochran  was  acquitted.  They  arrested  John  Green, 
colored,  for  causing  the  death  of  a  woman  by  kicking  her.  He  was 
sentenced  to  eighteen  months'  imprisonment.  William  Johnson, 
alias  "  Sixty  "  Johnson,  was  captured  by  officers  Slater  and  Ander- 
son, for  knocking  a  man  out  of  his  carriage  and  robbing  him. 
They  arrested  Charles  Gildey  for  passing  counterfeit  money  at 
Cape  May,  and  who  had  escaped  from  the  officers  there  ;  "  Billy  " 
Gibbs,  a  bank  sneak-thief,  and  John  Moon,  a  burglar ;  John  Kel- 
ley,  alias  "  Kid,"  for  a  number  of  robberies  ;  Michael  Hurley,  alias 
McGovern,  a  bogus  Catholic  priest.  This  man  went  among  Roman 
Catholics,  representing  himself  to  be  a  priest  of  that  church, 
and  obtained  money  from  them.  He  was  sentenced  to  two  years' 
imprisonment.  They  arrested  "Paddy,"  alias  "Reddy"  Mc- 
Graff,  for  burglary  ;  and  a  number  of  others  which  might  be  men- 
tioned as  part  of  the  excellent  records  of  special  officers  Slater 
and  Anderson. 

The  first  arrest  made  by  Officer  Slater  after  his  appointment, 
was  that  of  Henry  Morton,  alias  "  Dutchy  "  Kitchen.  Morton 
was  a  fugitive  from  justice,  being  charged  with  the  murder  of  a 
German  named  Charles  Schmidt,  a  couple  of  years  before  his  ar 
rest.  Officer  Slater  observed  his  man  at  Seventh  and  Reed 


614  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

streets,  and  arrested  him  on  suspicion,  which  was  afterward  con- 
firmed. He  arrested  James  Riley  and  William  Gins  for  burglary, 
and  recovered  the  stolen  property.  He  arrested  William  Farrell, 
alias  William  Sheridan,  alias  Alexander,  and  James  Titterington, 
alias  Broderick,  alias  Henderson,  for  the  robbery  of  Luther  Church 
on  the  elevated  road  in  New  York  City.  The  men  weie  returned 
to  New  York  and  convicted.  Farrell  was  sentenced  to  twenty 
years'  and  Titterington  to  seven  years  imprisonment. 

WILLIAM  G.  HEMPHILL,  special  officer,  was  born  in  Phil- 
adelphia on  June  4,  1849.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force 
by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  12,  1886,  and  assigned  to  duty  as 
special  officer  of  the  Twenty-fifth  District  when  it  was  created. 

FREDERICK  W.  KOESTER,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  6, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  14,  1853.  He  was  appointed 
patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  November  26, 1877,  and  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  patrol  service  August  24,  1886. 

WILLIAM  GIBB,  driver  of  patrol  wagon  No.  6,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  October  31,  1856.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  as 
patrol  driver  August  30,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

WILLIAM  GRIMES,  Jr.,  detailed  to  duty  with  patrol  wagon 
No.  6,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  26,  1858  ;  appointed  to 
the  police  force  August  31,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  SHERRARD,  detailed  to  duty  with  patrol  wagon  No.  6, 
was  born  in  Ireland  February  24,  1850.  Appointed  to  the  police 
force  June  9,  1877,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

WILLIAM  M.  BOUVIER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  14, 

1843.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January  i ,  1872. 
He  has  an  honorable  war  record  of  three  years'  service. 

JOSEPH  B.  QUIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  March  2, 
1846.  He  was  appointed  on  the  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  Novem- 
ber 9,  1878.  He  has  made  several  arrests  of  importance. 

JOSEPH  F.  WEST  was  born    in   Philadelphia    February    14, 

1844.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  May,  1876. 
THOMAS  MASON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June   17,  1852. 

He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith,  in  May,  1884.  On  May  5,  1885, 
he  arrested  Morris  Watson,  a  colored  ravisher,  who  was  convicted 
and  sentenced  to  seven  years  in  the  Eastern  Penitentiary. 

JOHN  J.  SIMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  December  29,  1852. 
He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  May,  1876. 

GEORGE  M.  APPLEGATE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Novem- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  615 

her  30,  1838.     Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  on  January 

1,  1872.     He    has    arrested. a  number   of   criminals  of   different 
grades,  notably  John,  alias  "  Belter"  Hogan,  for  rape,  John  Sullivan 
for  highway  robbery,  and  Thomas  Boyle,  a  house-breaker. 

WILLIAM  J.  WATT  was  born  in  New  York  City  March  3, 
1840.  Mayor  Stokley  made  him  a  patrolman  on  March  17,  1873. 

PETER  REMENTER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  June  20, 
1845.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  October  7,  1882,  by  Mayor 
King.  He  has  a  record  of  two  years'  army  service. 

ANDREW  J.  HARKISHEIMER  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
March  22,  1840.  He  entered  the  department  under  Mayor  Stok- 
ley on  April  9,  1879.  Three  notorious  burglars,  John  Meaghan, 
Edward  Wilson  and  John  McShea,  have  him  to  thank  for  sentences 
ranging  from  one  to  three  and  one-half  years'  imprisonment. 

WILLIAM    H.    BEHMKE  was  born   in   Philadelphia  July  3, 

1845.  He    served   four    months    in    the    United    States   Army. 
Appointed  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  May  16,  1884. 

JOSEPH  FLEMING  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  31, 
1837.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry 
November  16,  1859,  and  served  until  February  n,  1869.  He 
again  received  the  appointment  January  i,  1872.  He  has  served 
as  patrolman  a  total  of  twenty-four  years. 

AARON    MIDDLETON   was  born  in   Philadelphia  June   17, 

1846.  He  served  in  the  United  States  Army  in  the  late  war.     He 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  April  4,  1875. 
Resigned  June    13,   1881  ;  reappointed    by  Mayor  Smith  May  i, 
1884. 

FRANK  HESSER  was  born  on  October  8,  1848,  in  Philadel- 
phia. He  has  a  record  of  one  year  in  the  United  States  Naval 
Service.  He  was  appointed  on  May  8,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

SAMUEL  BEVANS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  25, 
1845.  He  was  appointed  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  April 

2,  1875. 

THOMAS  R.  MITCHELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  23, 
1831.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Conrad  in  1855  and  served 
one  year.  He  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1858,  and 
served  until  1865.  when  he  resigned.  He  was  reappointed  by 
Mayor  Stokley  in  1872,  and  has  been  in  the  service  since.  He 
has  served  altogether  over  twenty-two  years. 

GEORGE  F.    BRUCE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  July  19, 


616  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1844.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
November  13,  1872.  He  has  a  war  record  of  three  years'  service 
in  the  United  States  Army. 

WILLIAM  G.  BOWEN,  Jr.,  was  born  on  July  16,  1848.  He 
served  a  year  and  a  half  in  the  United  States  Army.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  November  8,  1879 

ROBERT  GLEASON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  26*, 
1854.  He  was  appointed  to  the  force  by  Mayor  Smith  on  Novem- 
ber 12,  1884. 

GEORGE  W.  MAYBERY  was  born  in  London,  Conn.,  on 
May  8,  1841.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  March, 
1873,  and  served  under  him  for  four  years.  He  was  reappointed 
by  Mayor  Stokley  in  March,  1881.  He  served  in  the  United 
States  Navy  with  Farragut  during  the  late  wai. 

ANDREW  MEYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  January  6,  1849. 
He  was  made  a  patrolman  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  April  4,  1876. 
His  army  record  is  confined  to  three  months'  service. 

HARVEY  K.  MEYERS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  7, 
1846.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  February,  1885.  He 
served  four  and  one-half  years  in  the  United  States  Army. 

WILLIAM  F.  MEYERS  was  born  on  September  25,  1854. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  January  12, 
1886. 

WILLIAM  WAGNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  6,  1848. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1872. 

THOMAS  ELLINGSWORTH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Jan- 
uary 17,  1850;  served  four  years  in  the  United  States  Army  in  the 
late  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  10,  1875,  b>' 
Mayor  Stokley. 

HENRY  B.  DITTERT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
29,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  21, 
1884. 

JOHN  McMASTERS  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Pennl,  May  18, 
1842.  He  served  four  years  and  six  months  in  the  United  States 
Army.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  7,  1876.  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

GEORGE  SLOOK  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  n, 
1833.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry  in  1863  and 
served  one  year;  reappointed  November  10,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


617 


LLOYD  J.  HUNT,  Jr.,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  January  21, 
1854.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  2,  1884,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

JOHN  B.  QLJIN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  i,  1850. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  May  9,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

CHARLES  ASHMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
six  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Smith  on  January  3,  1887. 

JAMES  GORMAN  was  born  in  Ireland  August  14,  1842. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  July  i,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

CHARLES  BARNHOLT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  2, 
1844.  He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  the  late  war.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

GEORGE  RICHMAN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  4,  1857. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  April  10,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOHN  L.  SEVERN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  June  8,  1843. 
He  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  in  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  1878,  and  served  until  1885  ;  re- 
appointed  in  October,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JOSEPH  E.  COWDEN  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
24,  1855.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  January  22,  1880,  by 
Mayor  Stokley ;  resigned  January  22,  1883;  reappointed  January 
22,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

JACOB  NICHOLS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  13,  1857. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  in  January,  1886. 

LEWIS  CURRIE  was  born  in  Camden,  N.  J.,  December  25, 
1848.  He  served  two  years  in  the  Fifth  Regiment  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  26,  1880,  by  Mayor 
Stokley. 

HENRY  B.  SCHAFFER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  21, 
1852.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  in  1881. 

DANIEL  MITCHELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  26, 
1838.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  in  May, 

i875- 

RICHARD  P.  REICHNER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Novem- 
ber 22,  1852.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley 
January  26,  1879. 

GEORGE    ISEMINGER   was   born   in    Philadelphia   July   3, 


618  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  15,  1881,  by  Mayor 
King. 

SAMUEL  PHILLIPE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  March  21, 
1856.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  30,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

EDWIN  H.  MISKELL  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  20, 
1853.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  November  i,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

THOMAS  N.  REILLY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  13, 
1846.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  September  8,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

EDWARD  CORSON  was  born  in  Philadelphia  February  4, 
1849.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  October  14,  1886,  by  Mayor 
Smith. 

JOS1AH  ASHMAN,  turnkey,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April 
23,  1854.  Appointed  turnkey  September  2,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

SUBSTITUTE  PATROLMEN. 

ASHER  A.  MOORE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  25,  1846. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  enlisted  in  the  U.  S.  Army  and  served 
two  years  during  the  late  war,  being  discharged  at  the  end  of  the 
struggle.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  as  a  substitute 
patrolman  by  Mayor  Smith  on  January  19,  1887,  and  assigned  to 
the  Twenty-fifth  District. 

RICHARD  KINGSTON  was  born  in  Ireland  and  is  thirty- 
three  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by 
Mayor  Smith  November  19,  1886. 

PHILLIP  KINER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-eight 
years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  Decem- 
ber 2,  1886,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

SPENCER  HENLEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-nine 
years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Smith  January  19,  1887. 

CHARLES  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-six 
years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patrolman  by  Mayor 
Smith  January  19,  1887. 

ALBERT  SNYDER  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty- 
eight  years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  a  substitute  patroljnan  by 
Mayor  Smith  January  19,  1887. 


PAST  AND   PRESENT.  619 


CHAPTER   XXV. 
THE  BODY  OF  THE  FORCE — (Concluded}. 

THE  NAVAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  SERVICE. — THE  DELAWARE 
AND  SCHUYLKILL  HARBOR  POLICE. — GALLANT  LIEU- 
TENANT MOORE,  COMMANDER  OF  THE  "  STOKLEY," 
AND  HIS  MEN. — RIVER  PIRATES  AND  THEIR  MAN- 
NER OF  OPERATING. — "  JUNKERS."— DOCK-THIEVES.— 
FIGHTS  ALONG  THE  RIVER  FRONT. — THE  FIRE  APPA- 
RATUS OF  THE  "  STOKLEY." — THE  RIVER'S  DEAD  AND 
ITS  GHASTLY  SECRETS. — MUTINIES  ON  SHIPBOARD.— 
HUMAN  FREIGHT  FOR  THE  HOUSE  OF  CORRECTION.— 
THE  PATROL-BOATS. — RIVER-PIRATE  JACK  TONER.— 
STEALING  HORSES  FROM  VESSELS. — "  DICK  "  SIMMONS, 
"  TOM  "  ANDERSON,  "  WES  "  SCOTT  AND  "  BILL  "  HART, 
RIVER  THIEVES. — A  PIRATE  TAKES  A  TUMBLE.— A 
REFORMED  PIRATE  BECOMES  A  PREACHER. — STEALING 
A  STAKE  FOR  THE  GAMING  TABLE. — UNDERMINING  A 
COTTON  PILE. — DISHONEST  MATES  OF  VESSELS. — A 
BITER  BITTEN. — SERGEANT  ALLEN'S  CAREER. — "  DOC- 
TOR "  BUCHANAN  OF  BOGUS  DIPLOMA  AND  BOGUS 
SUICIDE  FAME,  AND  "  CHIP  "  STEWART. — A  NIGHT 
PLUNGE  INTO  THE  DELAWARE. — PILOTS  EDWARDS 
AND  FENTON. — RECORDS  OF  THE  MEN. — LIEUTENANT 
FRANCIS,  COMMANDER  OF  THE  "KING." — SERGEANT 
SMITH.— PILOTS  DUEY  AND  HAGAN. — RECORDS  OF 
THE  MEN. 

THE  DELAWARE    HARBOR  POLICE. 

THE  Philadelphia  Harbor  Police  is  the  most  efficient  service  of 
the  sort  in  the  country.  There  are  two  companies,  one  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  one  on  the  Schuylkill  River.  The  company 


620  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

that  patrols  the  Delaware  has  quarters  on  the  steam  launch  Wil- 
liam S.  Stokley,  which  lies  at  Pier  7,  South  Wharves,  when  not  in 
service,  and  has  telephonic  connection  with  police  headquarters. 
Lieutenant  George  Moore  is  the  commanding  officer.  His  subor- 
dinates are  a  sergeant,  two  engineers,  two  pilots  and  ten  men. 
The  Stokley  patrols  the  river  from  the  mouth  of  Pennypack  Creek, 
where  the  House  of  Correction  is  situated,  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Schuylkill  River.  The  Stokley  was  built  especially  for  police  ser- 
vice by  Neafie  &  Levy,  of  Kensington,  in  1874,  cost  $36,000,  and  is 
of  about  41.55  tons  burthen.  She  is  fitted  up  with  comfortable 
quarters  for  the  men,  who  do  duty  turn  about,  there  always  being 
five  men  on  the  river.  The  men  do  not  sleep  on  the  tug,  all  hav- 
ing families,  whom  they  visit  when  off  duty.  They  are  brave  and 
intrepid  fellows,  fond  of  the  service,  and  superciliously  arrogant  in 
their  treatment  of  ordinary  police  officers,  whom  they  look  upon 
as  beings  of  an  inferior  kind.  Nearly  every  member  of  the  Stokley 
crew  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  late  war. 

The  patrol  beat  of  the  Stokley  extends  fourteen  miles,  and 
has  the  Delaware  River  front  to  guard  from  Greenwich  Point  to 
the  elevator  at  Richmond.  During  1886  the  crew  of  the  Delaware 
Harbor  Police  saved  a  number  of  persons  from  drowning  and 
recovered  over  fifty  dead  bodies  floating  in  the  river.  Within 
their  "  district  "  are  located  the  elevators  at  Washington  Street 
Wharf  and  Richmond,  the  Havemeyer  sugar  refinery,  Knight's 
sugar  refinery,  and  other  large  and  important  interests  which  go 
to  make  up  the  vast  wealth  along  the  Delaware  front. 

Lieutenant  GEORGE  MOORE,  the  commander,  is  the  hero  of 
two  wars,  he  having  done  noble  service  with  the  Scott  Legion  in  Mex- 
ico, and  afterwards  distinguished  himself  in  the  late  war  as  a  mem- 
ber of  McMullen's  Rangers,  retiring  at  the  cessation  of  hostilities 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was 
an  alderman  in  the  Fourth  Ward,  and  took  part  in  all  the  bloody 
fights  and  factions  that  gave  this  section  of  the  city  the  name  of 
"  the  Bloody  Four/i  "  in  the  old  volunteer  fire-department  days. 
He  is  seventy-one  years  of  age,  having  been  born  in  Philadelphia 
May  22,  1815.  He  doesn't  look  that  old,  however,  for  although 
the  suns  of  many  summers,  and  the  storms  of  an  equal  number  of 
winters  have  whitened  his  hair  and  bronzed  his  cheek,  his  eyes  are 
still  bright  and  piercing,  his  movements  are  quick,  and  his  form  is 
as  erect  as  a  grenadier's.  He  loves  the  service  and  tells  with 


GEORGE  MOORE, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Delaware  Harbor  Squad. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  623 

pride  stories  of  the  adventures  of  his  gallant  crew.  He  has  held 
his  present  position  since  1876,  and  as  the  harbor  police  is  in  a 
measure  removed  from  partisan  politics,  his  men,  with  one  or  two 
exceptions,  have  been  in  the  service  longer  than  he  has.  They  all 
love  and  respect  their  commander,  and  he  is  devoted  to  them  and 
their  interests.  He  has  arrested  and  assisted  in  the  arrest  of  nine 
persons  charged  with  murder  on  the  high  seas,  and  fifteen  others 
charged  with  mutiny  on  the  high  seas. 

"  When  I  first  took  command  of  the  Stokley"  he  said  recently,  "  we 
had  a  pretty  hard  time  of  it.  The  pirates  were  well  organized,  and 
there  wasn't  a  night  that  a  vessel  didn't  lose  some  of  her  sails,  a  big 
hawser,  or  part  of  her  cordage.  The  dock  thieves  and  'longshore 
loafers  were  equally  bad.  There  was  a  great  deal  of  stealing  done, 
and  rows  and  fights  were  of  nightly  occurrence.  A  great  many  dark 
deeds  were  committed  along  the  river-front  in  those  days,  and  we 
had  lots  of  trouble  breaking  up  the  river  pirates  ;  but  they're  pretty 
well  scattered  now,  and  those  who  are  not  in  prison  have  either 
left  the  city  or  are  engaged  in  other  and  more  honest  pursuits. 
When  people  speak  of  river  pirates  they  usually  confound  this 
gentry  with  the  dock  thieves.  They  are  a  distinct  class.  The 
pirates  operate  only  upon  the  river.  They  generally  make  their 
raids  in  eighteen-foot  skiffs,  which  will  hold  a  ton  to  a  ton  and  a 
half  of  material.  Sails  and  cordage  are  their  chief  spoils,  although 
they  sometimes  steal  pig-iron,  and  all  is  fish  that  comes  to  their 
net.  Their  number  is  probably  equalled  by  that  of  the  'junkers.' 
These  are  dealers  in  odds  and  ends,  who  float  from  wharf  to 
wharf  as  the  tide  or  a  tow  serves,  in  their  broad-sterned  boats,  buy- 
ing here  and  selling  there,  and  in  the  season  frequently  trade 
watermelons  and  other  produce  for  goods.  These  people  pur- 
chase the  stolen  wares  which  the  pirates  bring  them  from  their 
hiding-places  in  the  river  bed  or  along  the  wharves.  They  sell  in 
turn  to  the  shore  junk-houses,  who  send  the  metal  promptly  to  the 
cupolas  of  foundries  and  rolling-mills,  sell  the  rope  to  canal-boat 
men,  and  dispose  of  other  wares  among  dealers  in  the  various  ar- 
ticles. None  of  these  purchases  can  escape  the  knowledge  of  the 
market  whence  these  goods  come.  The  low  price  is  the  river 
pirates'  trade-mark.  We  frequently  get  hold  of  goods  held  by 
these  junkers,  and  without  having  any  actual  proof,  are  almost 
positive  that  they  are  stolen.  It  is  a  hard  matter,  however,  to 
identify  sails  and  ropes,  and  the  losers,  when  put  under  oath,  are 


624  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

unable  to  swear  to  the  identity  of  their  goods.  Formerly  a  great 
deal  of  pig-iron  was  stolen,  but  this  branch  of  the  business  has 
become  so  dangerous  that  the  few  thieves  now  on  the  river  seldom 
care  to  run  the  risk. 

"The  dock  thieves  steal  anything  they  can  lay  their  hands  on, 
from  a  rotten  watermelon  to  a  kit  of  mackerel.  Some  of  them  are 
bold  and  shrewd,  and  make  big  hauls.  It  is  not  unusual  for  an 
adroit  dock-thief  to  provide  himself  with  a  horse  and  wagon,  drive 
up  boldly  in  open  day  to  a  pier,  and  load  his  wagon  with  what- 
ever comes  nearest  to  hand.  His  safety  lies  in  his  audacity,  be- 
cause if  he  is  noticed  it  is  presumed  that  he  has  authority  for 
what  he  does.  Sometimes  the  thieves  are  assisted  by  a  dishon- 
est watchman.  A  fish  dealer  complained  to  me  that  he  was  los- 
ing mackerel  at  the  rate  of  a  barrel  a  night.  He  was  confident 
that  the  marauders  were  river  pirates.  I  had  a  squad  of  men 
watching  his  place  for  a  week.  They  discovered  no  river  pirates, 
but  the  robbing  still  went  on.  I  suggested  that  his  watchman 
must  be  at.  the  bottom  of  if.  He  became  indignant  that  I  should 
imagine  such  a  thing,  for  he  was  willing  to  swear  by  the  man,  who 
had  been  in  his  employ  several  years.  He  put  a  watch  on  him, 
however,  and  caught  him  in  the  act  of  delivering  over  a  barrel  of 
fish  to  his  pal. 

"  In  the  summer  time,  when  the  nights  are  close  and  hot,  the  peo- 
ple are  driven  from  the  slums,  and  come  to  the  river  for  a  breath 
of  air.  Some  get  drunk,  and  as  a  consequence  there  are  fights. 
If  we  arrest  a  man  who  is  under  the  influence  of  liquor,  we  bring 
him  aboard  the  boat  and  lock  him  up  in  one  of  our  cells,  which 
are  close  to  the  boiler.  In  the  winter  time  they  are  very  comfort- 
able, but  in  mid-summer  they  are  like  ovens.  An  hour's  imprison- 
ment will  sober  the  drunkest  man  you  ever  saw,  and  he's  willing 
to  make  any  sort  of  a  promise  to  get  released.  He  never  forgets 
the  sweat  box  on  the  police  tug,  and  takes  care  not  to  fall  into 
our  hands  a  second  time. 

"  Besides  doing  police  duty  we  are  also  a  fire  department  in  our- 
selves and  have  a  fire-engine  on  board  capable  of  throwing  five 
streams  of  water  a  distance  of  two  hundred  feet.  When  a  fire 
breaks  out  along  the  wharves  or  among  the  shipping,  we  are  ap- 
prised by  telephone  and  steam  at  once  to  the  scene  of  the  con- 
flagration. Our  engine  is  always  ready  for  action  and  we  don't 
lose  much  time  in  making  connection  and  getting  a  stream  of 


s 

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5 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  627 

water  on  the  fire.  When  the  firemen  arrive  they  take  charge  of 
our  apparatus.  This  branch  of  the  service  has  saved  thousands 
of  dollars  worth  of  valuable  property. 

"  We  pick  up  a  great  many  dead  bodies  floating  down  the  river. 
In  1885  the  number  reached  sixty-three.  They  were  accident 
cases,  suicides,  and  one  or  two  that  from  their  appearance  indi 
cated  foul  play.  When  we  receive  notice  of  a  drowning  we  pro- 
ceed to  the  spot  at  once,  and  grapple  for  the  body,  and  rarely 
fail  to  bring  it  to  the  surface.  My  men  save  a  great  many  lives 
— drunken  sailors  going  to  their  ships,  people  unfamiliar  with 
the  wharves,  would-be  suicides,  and  occasionally  an  individual 
bent  on  self-murder,  who  changes  his  mind  as  soon  as  he  strikes 
the  cold  water,  and  yells  lustily  for  help.  Once  in  a  while  we 
are  called  upon  to  suppress  mutiny  aboard  ships.  The  captain 
signals  for  us  and  we  steam  down  upon  the  mutineers  and  bring 
them  to  terms  with  little  or  no  trouble.  Every  Sunday  we  make 
a  trip  to  the  House  of  Correction.  Our  freight  is  a  batch  of 
prisoners  who  have  been  sentenced  to  that  institution.  Police 
raids  are  usually  made  on  Saturday  night,  and  we  have  carried 
as  high  as  one  hundred  prisoners,  although  the  usual  number  does 
not  exceed  fifteen.  Wre  conduct  the  grand  jury  to  points  of  inter- 
est on  their  tour  of  inspection,  and  during  the  summer  months  we 
often  have  junketing  parties  aboard,  committees  of  councils,  and 
visiting  notables  who  are  being  escorted  about  at  the  city's  ex- 
pense. 

"  The  river  is  patrolled  every  night  by  the  two  small  boats  con- 
nected with  our  service,  each  manned  by  a  crew  of  two  officers. 
I  never  go  on  these  expeditions,  but  my  sergeant  sometimes  does. 
If  we  had  nothing  to  do  but  watch  for  river  pirates,  my  men 
would  die  of  ennui.  We  made  sixty-five  arrests  last  year,  and  of 
this  number  only  three  were  river  pirates. 

"One  of  the  most  noted  river  men  was  Jack  Toner,  who,  it  is 
believed,  is  doing  time  in  the  State  of  Delaware,  as  he  disappeared 
from  our  city  several  years  ago.  Jack  was  a  desperado  of  the 
worst  character,  as  bold  as  a  lion,  and  as  cunning  as  a  fox.  He 
gave  us  a  heap  of  trouble.  He'd  steal  anything  he  could  lay  his 
hands  on,  and  was  so  cute  about  it  that  we  rarely  could  find  evi- 
dence against  him.  On  several  occasions  he  boarded  vessels  in 
a  big  yawl  boat,  and  actually  stole  horses  from  off  the  deck,  lower- 
ing the  animals  into  his  boat,  and  pulling  ashore  with  them,  where 


628  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

they  were  turned  over  to  his  confederates,  who  kept  them  in  hid- 
ing until  the  hue  and  cry  was  over,  when  they  were  sold  and  the 
profits  divided.  He  would  sneak  up  under  the  quarter  of  a  ves- 
sel, cut  loose  its  boat,  tow  it  over  to  the  Jersey  shore,  bore  a  hole 
in  the  bottom  and  sink  it.  Of  course  we  never  could  find  the 
boat,  and  the  vessel  from  which  it  was  stolen  would  go  to  sea.  As 
soon  as  the  ship  had^got  under  way,  Jack  would  raise  the  boat, 
make  her  water-tight,  repaint  her,  and  boldly  offer  her  for  sale. 
He  stole  tons  and  tons  of  pig-iron,  and  canvas  and  cordage  enough 
to  rig  a  fleet  of  men-of-war. 

"Another  bold  thief  was  Dick  Simmons.  He's  in  jail  in  Camden 
now.  A  river  thief  equally  desperate  was  Tom  Anderson,  who,  after 
a  long  piratical  career,  was  killed  by  Captain  Fisher,  eight  or  nine 
years  ago.  Two  other  bad  men  of  the  old  time  were  Wes.  Scott 
and  Bill  Hart.  I  don't  know  what's  become  of  them.  The 
adventures  of  these  men  would  fill  a  very  big  and  interesting  book. 
These  river  pirates  always  made  a  pretence  of  honesty  during 
the  daytime.  They  were  either  fishermen  in  a  small  way,  or 
worked  along  shore.  They  were  always  on  the  lookout  for  a 
chance  to  commit  a  foray.  If  the  booty  to  be  removed  was  pig- 
iron,  they'd  usually  begin  work  at  about  midnight,  or  perhaps  later. 
Favored  by  the  darkness,  and  with  muffled  oars,  they'd  pull  up  to  a 
dock,  and  land  one  of  their  number,  to  'pipe  off'  the  movements  of 
the  watchmen.  This  spy  would  secrete  himself  on  a  dock  opposite 
that  which  his  pals  were  to  raid.  As  soon  as  the  coast  was 
clear  he  would  signal  to  his  companions  in  the  boat,  and  they'd 
row  alongside  the  pier  and  begin  to  load.  If  surprised  at  their 
work  they'd  pull  of.  Frequently  they  were  fired  into  and  were 
obliged  to  desert  their  boat  and  take  to  the  water  to  save  their  lives. 
They  could  all  swim  like  ducks,  and  would  dive  under  the  dock 
and  remain  hidden  among  the  piles  until  the  search  for  them 
was  over.  Then  they'd  swim  softly  away,  and  make  a  landing. 
They  had  many  narrow  escapes,  and  their  lives  were  constantly  in 
danger.  Once  a  gang  of  pirates  had  succeeded  in  loading  a  boat 
with  pig-iron,  and  getting  away  from  the  dock  without  being  dis- 
covered. Their  boat  was  loaded  down  to  the  gunwales.  To 
lighten  it  a  pig  of  iron  was  pitched  into  the  river.  It  was  taken 
from  one  side  of  the  boat,  and  being  thus  lightened,  she  quickly 
careened  to  the  other  side.  The  pirates  tried  to  right  her,  but  it 
was  no  use, — over  she  went,  iron,  men,  and  all.  One  fellow  was 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  629 

caught  in  the  tackle  of  the  boat,  and  before  his  demoralized  com- 
panions could  right  it  and  extricate  him  was  nearly  drowned. 

"  Sometimes  their  mishaps  were  of  a  comical  character.  One 
night  two  pirates  in  search  of  plunder  rowed  alongside  a  big 
brig  out  of  ballast.  Big  rope  fenders  hung  over  her  side.  The 
pirate  in  the  bow  of  the  boat  signalled  to  his  companion  to  pull 
under  the  vessel's  quarter,  and  when  she  was  alongside  fended  her 
off,  and  with  his  knife  in  his  teeth  climbed  on  to  one  of  the  fenders 
and  began  to  climb  up  the  rope  that  held  it,  like  a  cat.  When  he 
got  pretty  near  the  top  he  reached  over  his  head,  and  with  his 
knife  cut  the  rope.  Down  came  rope,  fender,  pirate,  and  the 
knife  'kersplash.'  When  his  companion  pulled  him  out  he  up- 
braided him  angrily. 

"  '  What  did  you  do  that  for  ? '  he  demanded. 

"The  dripping  pirate  shrugged  his  shoulders. 

" '  I  wanted  more  rope,'  he  said,  and  then  they  both  laughed 
and  pulled  away. 

"  A  man  who  is  now  a  street  preacher  along  the  wharves,  and, 
according  to  his  former  colleagues,  most  conscientious  in  his  work, 
was  until  twelve  years  ago  the  most  daring  man  on  the  river.  On 
one  occasion  he  went  broke  at  a  card  game,  hurried  out,  found  a 
pal,  long  since  dead,  and  set  out  along  the  wharves  on  a  voyage 
of  discovery-  Near  Market  Street  a  vessel  was  loading  for  Boston 
with  cotton.  The  preacher  leaped  on  the  wharf  and  hid  behind 
the  nearest  bale.  Then  as  the  'longshoreman  working  on  that  por- 
tion of  the  freight  wheeled  a  bale  off  toward  the  steamer  on  his 
truck,  the  preacher  pushed  his  bale  a  little  nearer  the  water,  and 
hid  again,  as  the  'longshoreman  returned  for  another  load.  At 
each  trip  he  repeated  the  manoeuvre  until  he  edged  the  bale  off  the 
wharf  into  the  arms  of  his  accomplice.  Having  sculled  to  safety 
with  his  prize,  he  sold  his  share  in  it,  which  was  worth  $25,  for  $2, 
and  hurried  back  to  the  card  table.  Since  his  reformation  he 
declines  to  deal  with  river-front  people  of  any  sort,  and  conducts  a 
prosperous  junk  business  on  shore. 

"  On  another  occasion  a  vessel  from  Savannah,  loaded  with  cot- 
ton, deposited  its  freight  on  a  covered  pier.  The  bales  were  piled 
as  high  as  the  roof,  and  two  watchmen  patrolled  the  dock  every 
night.  A  shrewd  pirate  determined  to  steal  some  of  this  cotton. 
Armed  with  a  saw  he  pulled  under  the  pier  one  night,  and  assisted 
by  two  of  his  pals,  soon  cut  away  enough  of  the  flooring  of  the 


630  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

pier  to  pull  clown  a  bag  of  cotton.  They  worked  very  cautiously, 
and  as  the  cargo  remained  upon  the  dock  for  nearly  a  week,  they 
got  away  with  several  thousand  dollars  worth  of  the  cotton.  They 
took  great  care  not  to  disarrange  the  symmetry  of  the  pile  ;  and 
would  probably  have  in  time  carried  away  all  but  the  outside  bales 
had  their  bold  theft  not  been  discovered  by  an  accident.  The 
original  consignee  sold  a  portion  of  the  cotton,  and  the  new  buyer 
came  down  to  sample  his  purchase.  He  climbed  upon  the  pile 
and  was  walking  across  it,  when  the  supports  gave  way,  and  down 
he  went.  An  investigation  followed  and  a  strong  effort  was  made 
to  discover  the  thieves,  but  they  had  covered  their  tracks  so  skil- 
fully that  none  of  the  stolen  goods  was  ever  recovered. 

"  A  great  deal  of  the  stealing  on  the  river  is  accomplished  by 
collusion  with  dishonest  mates,  who,  for  a  trifling  sum,  sell  spare 
canvas,  ropes,  etc.,  when  the  captain's  ashore.  Their  complicity  in 
the  thefts  is  never  proven,  for  the  thieves  always  loot  the  vessel  as 
though  no  previous  arrangement  had  been  made,  and  some  mates 
have  played  their  parts  so  well  as  to  make  a  hue  and  cry  as  soon 
as  the  thieves  are  at  a  safe  distance,  discharging  their  revolvers, 
and  even  pursuing  the  daring  pirates,  whom  they  take  good  care, 
however,  never  to  overhaul. 

"  One  day  some  pirates  met  a  mate  in  one  of  the  sailor  resorts 
along  the  river,  and  made  an  arrangement  with  him  to  carry  away 
that  night  the  ship's  mainsail,  which  was  almost  new.  The 
mate's  share  of  the  robbery  was  agreed  upon  as  $10,  and  he  was  to 
have  the  sail  ready  to  lower  into  the  pirates'  boat  when  they  should 
pull  alongside  his  vessel.  It  was  a  very  dark  night,  and  at  about 
two  o'clock  the  ship  was  hailed  by  the  piratical  craft.  The  mate 
was  at  the  vessel's  side  and  noiselessly  lowered  down  the  roll  of 
canvas.  The  chief  pirate  handed  him  a  crisp  ten-dollar  bill,  and 
they  parted  with  good-nights  hoarsely  whispered.  The  pirate  had 
a  customer  for  the  mainsail,  which  they  had  represented  as  brand 
new.  When  they  delivered  their  goods  the  bundle  was  examined. 
Instead  of  a  brand  new  mainsail  there  was  disclosed  to  their 
astonished  gaze  a  half  dozen  pieces  of  ragged  canvas,  worth  only 
the  price  of  old  junk.  It  was  a  case  of  the  biter  being  bitten." 

Sergeant  CHARLES  ALLEN,  who  is  Lieutenant  Moore's  as- 
sistant, was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  26,  1838,  and  has  been 
in  the  service  since  the  old  yawl-boat  days,  having  been  appointed 
to  the  service  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1876.  He  often 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  631 

patrols  the  river  with  his  men,  and  has  had  as  many  adventures  as 
a  dime-novel  hero.  He  fought  during  the  war  as  a  private  in  the 
Fourteenth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  knows  all 
the  bad  men  along  the  river  by  sight,  and  is  shrewd  and  skilful  in 
working  up  criminal  clews.  He  said  recently  : 

"  I  went  out  the  night  that  it  was  supposed  the  notorious  Dr. 
Buchanan,  of  bogus  medical  diploma  notoriety,  had  committed 
suicide,  and  we  grappled  for  his  body  for  several  days.  We  after- 
wards learned  that  the  foxy  old  doctor  had  been  personated  by 
'  Chip '  Stewart,  a  well-known  river  man.  He  and  his  partner,  Joe 
Robinson,  were  loafing  about  the  wharves  one  day,  when  a  man 
approached  him  and  held  out  his  hand. 

"  '  How  do  you  do  ? '  he  said.  '  We  look  enough  alike  to  be 
twins.' 

"  It  was  Dr.  Buchanan,  and  he  asked  Chip  if  he  wouldn't 
like  to  earn  fifty  dollars. 

"  Chip  told  him  he  would,  and  the  Doctor  made  an  appointment 
with  him  to  meet  him  at  his  office  the  next  day.  Chip  went  there, 
and  they  fixed  up  the  suicide  scheme,  and  put  it  into  operation 
the  next  night,  which  was  very  dark.  Chip,  with  his  face  muffled  in 
a  big  handkerchief,  and  dressed  in  a  suit  of  Dr.  Buchanan's 
clothes,  walked  aboard  one  of  the  Camden  ferry  boats,  and  took 
a  position  on  the  forward  guard.  Several  of  the  deck  hands  rec- 
ognized him  as  Dr.  Buchanan,  and  he  returned  their  salutations. 
Just  as  the  boat  was  passing  through  the  canal  that  divides  Rtdg- 
way  from  Windmill  Island  the  supposed  doctor  leaped  suddenly 
overboard  and  disappeared.  It  was  presumed  that  he  had  been 
drowned.  Papers  found  near  \vhere  he  had  been  standing  fully 
identified  him  as  Dr.  Buchanan,  and  we  spent  several  days  grappling 
for  the  body.  A  watchman  at  Ridgway  Park  had  noticed  a  sus- 
picious looking  boat  lurking  about  the  Island,  just  prior  to  the 
arrival  of  the  ferry  boat.  When  the  cry  of  '  Man  overboard  ! ' 
went  up  he  saw  this  boat  shoot  out  of  the  shadow,  and  move 
swiftly  toward  the  spot  where  the  supposed  doctor  went  down. 
He  saw  the  man  in  the  boat  help  another  one  out  of  the  water, 
and  the  two  then  pulled  toward  the  Camden  shore.  When  the 
watchman  told  this  story  the  theory  of  the  doctor's  suicide  was  ex- 
ploded. He  was  traced  to  Canada,  arrested,  convicted  of  his 
crime,  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary.  If  it  hadn't  been  for  that 


632  THK  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

watchman  on  the  Island,  every  one  would  have  believed  that  Dr. 
Buchanan  committed  suicide."  » 

SAMUEL  VAN  METER  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  November 
10,  1836,  and  was  a  sail-maker  by  occupation.  He  was  appointed 
to  the  police  force  August  23,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He  served 
in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war. 

JOHN  BETZOLD  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  18, 
1849.  By  occupation  he  was  a  fur  dresser.  He  was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  December  31,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He 
served  in  the  army  during  the  late  war. 

JAMES  A.  LYNN  was"  born  in  Philadelphia  August  16,  1845, 
and  was  by  occupation  a  stove  moulder.  He  was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  October  13,  1874,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

HENRY  COOLIDGE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  14,  1836, 
and  has  always  been  a  waterman.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police 
force  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

HENRY  POTE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  April  7,  1830.  He 
has  followed  the  water  nearly  all  his  life.  He  was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  January  8,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  MARTIN,  who  during  his  term  of  duty  on  the  police 
boat  has  saved  several  persons  from  drowning,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, October  17,  1846,  and  was  a  pipe-maker  by  trade.  He 
was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Stokley  March  5, 
1877.  Martin  served  in  the  army  during  the  late  war. 

O.  W.  LILLEY  was  born  in  Hamburg,  Bucks  County,  Penna., 
March  13,  1841.  He  was  an  iron  moulder  by  trade.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  July  10,  1878,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  He  served  in 
the  United  States  Army  in  the  late  war. 

EDWARD  JENNEY,  who  has  also  saved  several  persons  from 
drowning  since  he  has  been  an  officer,  was  born  in  Danvers, 
Mass.,  August  12,  1847.  He  has  followed  the  water  all  his  life. 
Appointed  to  the  police  force  August  15,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 
Jenney  served  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war. 

WILLIAM  CASELEY  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  August  23, 
1848,  and  was  a  paper-box  cutter  by  occupation.  He  saw  service 
during  the  late  war  in  both  the  army  and  navy.  Was  appointed  to 
the  police  force  by  Mayor  Smith  May  12,  1884. 

GODFREY  RITTENHOUSE  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  7, 
1848,  and  was  a  brick-maker  by  trade.  He  served  in  the  army 


PAST  AND    PRESENT. 


635 


during  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  November  7,  1873. 

EDWARD  EDWARDS,  one  of  the  pilots  of  the  police  boat 
Stokley,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1835,  and  has  followed  the 
water  all  his  life.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  April  i,  1875. 

JOHN  D.  FENTON,  pilot,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September 
10,  1822.  When  he  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley,  April  15,  1873,  he  did  not  change  his  occupation,  as  he 
had  been  a  Delaware  River  pilot. 

FRANK  S.  VOGEL,  engineer,  was  born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  on 
the  4th  of  March,  1858,  and  was  appointed  an  engineer  of  the  Stokley 
by  Mayor  Stokley  in  July,  1878. 

EDWARD  SPEARING,  engineer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  De- 
cember 25,  1851.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor 
Stokley  April  r,  1875,  and  in  1886  was  promoted  from  fireman  to 
engineer  on  the  Stokley. 

JAMES  SMALL,  fireman,  was  born  in  Ireland  March  6,  1841. 
He  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  by  Mayor  Smith  in  1884. 

WILLIAM  FENTON,  fireman,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is 
thirty  years  old.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Smith  in  September, 
1886. 

THE  SCHUYLKILL  HARBOR  POLICE. 

The  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat,  the  Samuel  G.  King,  is 
equipped  for  such  service  along  the  Schuylkill  River  as  the 
Stokley  performs  on  the  Delaware.  She  has  the  same  kind  of 
powerful  steam-pump,  capable  of  throwing  five  streams  of  water, 
and  all  necessary  appliances  in  case  of  fire  along  the  river  fronts. 
Her  crew  consists  of  the  same  number  of  men  as  the  Stokley. 
Her  commander  is  Lieutenant  William  H.  Francis. 

Lieutenant  FRANCIS  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  in 
1841,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  this  city.  After 
leaving  school  he  was  employed  with  Shibley  &  Fisher,  fork  manu- 
facturers. Mayor  McMichael  appointed  him  to  the  Schuylkill 
Harbor  Police  on  February  6,  1867.  He  was  displaced  on  May 
15,  1869,  upon  the  accession  of  Mayor  Fox  and  the  Democratic 
party  to  power,  but  was  reappointed  by  Mayor  Stokley  on  January 
i,  1872,  and  made  sergeant  of  the  Ninth  Police  District.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  on 


636  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

August  21,  1875,  by  Mayor  Stokley.  When  Lieutenant  Francis 
entered  the  service  there  were  no  steam  police  boats,  and  the 
arduous  duties  of  the  men  were  performed  in  open  row  boats. 
The  headquarters  were  then  located  in  the  "  Mansion  "  at  the  Fair- 
mount  Water  Works. 

The  patrol  beat  of  the  King  extends  from  the  Fairmount  dam  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  she  has  to  guard  both  sides 
of  the  river  for  a  distance  of  eight  miles.  The  most  impor- 
tant property  the  Schuylkill  Police  have  to  protect  from  fire  or 
other  harm  are  the  Girard  Point  Elevator,  the  Atlantic  and  Phil- 
adelphia, and  Gibson's  Point  oil  refineries,  Harrison's  Chemical 
Works,  the  stables  of  the  Spruce  and  Pine  Streets  Railway  Com- 
pany, Nixson's  Paper  Mill,  Lang's  Mills,  Van  Hagan's  Soap 
Works.  The  B.  and  O.  Railroad  depot,  Keystone  Mills,  and  the 
vast  shipping  interests  lying  along  the  river  front. 

Sergeant  PURNELL  B.  SMITH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
the  year  1835,  and  was  by  occupation  a  spar-maker.  He  was  first 
appointed  on  the  Delaware  Harbor  Police  January  i,  1872,  by 
Mayor  Stokley.  In  1878  he  was  promoted  to  the  sergeancy  in 
that  service,  and  in  1880  was  transferred  to  the  same  position  on 
the  Schuylkill  Harbor  boat.  Sergeant  Smith  served  in  both  the 
U.  S.  Army  and  navy  during  the  late  war. 

HUGH  T.  VANCE  was  born  in  Allegheny  City,  Pennsylvania, 
May  20,  1846.  By  occupation  he  was  a  bookbinder.  Appointed 
on  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  May  10,  1880,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

GEORGE  A.  HARGREAVES  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Jan- 
uary 9,  1850.  He  \vas  a  moulder  by  occupation.  He  served  three 
years  in  the  U.  S.  Army  during  the  late  war.  Appointed  on  the 
Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

JAMES  McCAW  was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  2,  1852. 
By  occupation  he  was  a  carpenter.  Appointed  fireman  on  the 
Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  April  8,  1881,  by  Mayor  King,  and  pro- 
moted by  Mayor  Smith  to  patrolman  January  i,  1886. 

ROBERT  McKELVEY  was  born  in  Ireland  in  the  year  1829, 
and  has  followed  the  water  all  his  life.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

THOMAS  J.  HINDS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  and  is  thirty-six 
years  of  age.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  and  assigned 
to  duty  with  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Squad  on  October  19,  1886,  by 
Mayor  Smith. 


WILLIAM  H.  FRANCIS, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Squad. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  639 

FRANK  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Philadelphia  September  10, 
1844.  By  occupation  he  was  a  granite  cutter.  He  served  in  both 
the  army  and  navy  during  the  late  war.  Appointed  to  the  Schuyl- 
kill  Harbor  Police  January  i,  1872,  by  Mayor  Stokley. 

SAMUEL  SIBERT  was  born  in  Philadelphia  October  20,  1855, 
and  has  been  a  waterman  since  a  boy.  Appointed  to  the  Schuyl- 
kill  Harbor  Police  August  12,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

PATRICK  F.  HYLAND  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  the  year 
1849.  Appointed  to  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  by  Mayor 
Smith  May  i,  1886. 

WILLIAM  L.  WILSON  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
October  8,  1838.  He  has  been  a  waterman  by  occupation.  He 
served  through  the  late  war  in  the  U.  S.  Army  and  was  wounded 
in  the  first  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
police  force  by  Mayor  McMichael  and  served  eight  months,  when 
he  resigned  and  entered  the  gas  works.  He  was  appointed  to  the 
Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  by  Mayor  Stokley  January  i,  1872. 

JOHN  H.  NASH  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May  19,  1854. 
He  entered  the  U.  S.  Navy  January  2,  1878,  and  was  detailed  to 
the  Paris  Exposition  to  act  as  one  of  the  guards  of  the  American 
exhibits.  He  was  discharged  June  19,  1879.  Appointed  to  the 
police  force  May  i,  1876  ;  resigned  June  23,  1877  ;  appointed  to 
the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  May  i,  1884,  by  Mayor  Smith. 

ANDREW  N.  DUEY,  pilot,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  29, 
1854.  His  occupation  was  that  of  waterman.  Appointed  pilot 
on  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat  July  u,  1886. 

MICHAEL  HAGAN,  pilot,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  2, 
1847,  and  is  by  occupation  a  follower  of  the  water.  He  was  ap- 
pointed pilot  to  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat  August  3,  1886. 

SAMUEL  CROSSLEY,  engineer,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
November  16,  1842.  He  served  during  the  war  in  the  U.  S. 
Army.  Appointed  on  the  police  force  September  10,  1872,  and 
transferred  to  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat  as  engineer  by 
Mayor  Stokley  October  10,  1879. 

SAMUEL  C.  PRICE,  engineer,  was  born  May  9,  1846.  He 
served  three  years  as  an  engineer  in  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Appointed 
to  the  police  force  September  20,  1879,  an(^  transferred  to  the 
Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat  as  engineer  by  Mayor  Stokley 
October  13,  1879. 

WILLIAM  A    SWIFT,  fireman,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  May 


640  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

29,  1852.  By  occupation  he  was  an  engineer.  Appointed  fire- 
man on  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat  by  Mayor  Stokley 
April  7,  1875. 

WILLIAM  H.  BUCKLEY,  fireman,  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  1833,  and  was  by  occupation  a  machinist.  Appointed  fire- 
man to  the  Schuylkill  Harbor  Police  boat  by  Mayor  Smith  Feb- 
ruary i,  1886. 

SPECIAL   OFFICER  MALAMPY. 

WILLIAM  H.  MALAMPY,  special  officer,  detailed  to  duty  at 
the  Central  Station,  under  Captain  Brown  of  the  First  Division, 
was  born  on  Christmas  Day,  1851,  at  Newburg,  N.  Y.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  public  schools  of  this  city,  and  afterwards  engaged  in 
the  grocery  business.  He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by 
Mayor  Smith  on  June  12,  1884,  and  assigned  to  his  present  duty. 
He  investigates  any  complaints  which  may  be  made  to  his  captain's 
office,  attends  to  violations  of  city  ordinances,  and  sees  that  street 
venders,  huxters  and  the  like  are  not  conducting  business  without 
license ;  and  such  other  special  duty  to  which  he  may  be  assigned 
by  Captain  Brown. 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


641 


CHAPTER    XXVI. 

THE  CITY'S    NEW  CHARTER  AND  THE  POLICE 
PENSION    FUND. 

SKETCH  OF  JOHN  C.  BULLITT,  THE  ORIGINATOR  OF  THE 
BULLITT  BILL. — DIFFICULTIES  IN  THE  WAY  OF  ITS 
FINAL  PASSAGE. — EDWIN  H.  FITLER  ELECTED  FIRST 
MAYOR  UNDER  THE  NEW  CHARTER.  —  THE  POL- 
ICE PLACED  UNDER  THE  "DIRECTOR  OF  PUBLIC 
SAFETY." — THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THE  BILL  AFFECT- 
ING THE  POLICE.  —  THE  OFFICE  OF  "SUPERINTEND- 
ENT OF  POLICE."  -THE  PROVISION  CREATING  THE 
POLICE  PENSION  FUND.  —  POLICEMEN  CANNOT  BE 
DISMISSED  EXCEPT  BY  DECISION  OF  A  COURT. 

-  THE    ORDINANCE    OF   COUNCILS  TO   CARRY   THE 
BILL  INTO  EFFECT. — POLICE  SURGEON  FRENCH. — POL- 
ICE   SOLICITOR   MILES.  —  DISTRICT   ATTORNEY    GRA- 
HAM AND   HIS  STAFF. —  FIRST  ASSISTANT  BREGY.  — 
SECOND  ASSISTANT  KINSEY. — THIRD  ASSISTANT  SlN- 
ER. — MURDER  DETECTIVE  MYERS. — DETECTIVE  WEYL. 

-  THE  PARK  GUARDS.  —  THE  GHASTLY  FIND   OF  A 
GUARD. — THE  DEALEY  MURDER. — PARK  GUARD  DOR- 
SEY  WHO  ARRESTED  THE  MURDERER  PROBST. — THE 
MYSTERIOUS  DUTCHMAN. 

JOHN  C.  BULLITT,  the  father  of  the  Bullitt  Bill,  is  a  Kentuckian 
by  birth,  having  been  born  in  Jefferson  County  of  that  State,  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1824.  He  received  a  fine  education  at  private  schools; 
and  afterwards  graduated  at  Centre  College,  Kentucky.  He 
then  studied  law,  and  made  a  specialty  of  commercial  law. 
practising  in  Louisville,  Kentucky.  He  came  to  Philadelphia  in 
1849,  and  rapidly  rose  in  his  profession  until  he  achieved  an  en- 
viable reputation.  For  a  decade  of  years  he  used  his  influence, 


642  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

to  secure  better  municipal  government  for  the  city  of  his  adoption. 
In  1877  a  commission  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hartranft  to 
draft  a  code  for  the  government  of  cities  in  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  commission  consisted  of  eleven  members.  It  was  in 
session  during  the  larger  portion  of  the  year,  and  reported  to  the 
Legislature  in  January,  1887,  a  bill  which  divided  the  cities  of  the 
commonwealth  into  several  classes.  The  city  of  Philadelphia 
was  the  only  city  of  the  first  class.  This  act  was  accompanied  by 
a  report  from  the  commission,  pointing  out  the  defects  in  the  sys- 
tems of  municipal  government  in  the  State,  and  especially  in  the 
larger  cities,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  commission  had  en- 
deavored to  remedy  or  provide  against  them.  As  the  act  was 
drawn  it  was  supposed  to  militate  very  much  against  the  interests 
of  what  was  known  as  the  "machine  politicians"  in  large  cities. 
Through  their  influence  in  the  Legislature  the  bill  was  smothered 
in  committee  and  not  reported  to  the  legislative  body.  Various 
efforts  were  made  to  induce  the  Legislature  to  take  the  matter  up, 
but  without  avail.  At  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1879, 
the  matter  was  again  pressed  upon  Legislators  but  with  no  more 
success.  Again  at  the  session  of  1881  it  was  presented,  but  still 
without  effect. 

Upon  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature  in  1883,  a  bill  was  pre- 
pared providing  a  form  of  government  for  cities  of  the  first  class — 
it  only  being  intended  for  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Bullitt 
and  his  friends  succeeded,  during  that  winter,  in  having  the  bill 
brought  before  the  Legislature  in  a  way  to  attract  attention,  and 
secure  for  it  much  more  careful  consideration  than  at  any  previous 
time.  In  the  course  of  that  year  Mr.  M.  S.  Quay,  since  elected 
to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  became  its  advocate,  and  this  gave  it  much 
more  strength  than  before.  At  the  session  of  1885  it  was  ear- 
nestly advocated  by  Robert  Adams  of  the  Senate,  and  with  the 
strength  it  had  gathered  from  year  to  year  it  was  adopted,  and  be- 
came a  law,  with  the  provision,  however,  that  it  should  not  take 
effect  until  the  year  1887.  The  first  election  under  its  provisions 
was  held  on  the  third  Tuesday,  the  i5th  day  of  February,  1887, 
when  Mr.  Edwin  H.  Filler,  the  Republican  nominee,  was  elected 
Mayor. 

Article  III.  of  the  bill  provides  that : 

"  The  Department  of  Public  Safety  shall  be  under  the  charge  of 
one  director,  who  shall  be  the  head  thereof." 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  643 

"  The  care,  management,  administration  and  supervision  of  the 
police  affairs,  and  all  matters  relating  to  the  public  health,  to  the 
fire  and  police  force,  fire-alarm  telegraph,  erection  of  fire-escapes 
and  the  inspection  of  buildings  and  boilers,  markets  and  goods 
sold  therein,  shall  be  in  charge  of  this  department." 

"No  person  shall  be  employed  in  this  department  as  a  police- 
man who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  who  has  been 
convicted  of  crime,  unless  pardoned,  or  who  cannot  read  and 
write  understandingly  in  the  English  language,  or  who  shall  not 
have  resided  within  the  State  at  least  one  year  preceding  his 
appointment." 

"The  superintendent  of  police,  whenever  directed  by  the 
department,  shall  appoint  and  cause  to  be  sworn  in  any  number 
of  additional  patrolmen  to  do  duty  at  any  place  in  the  city  desig- 
nated by,  and  at  the  charge  and  expense  of,  the  person  or  persons 
who  may  ask  for  such  appointment.  They  shall  be  subject  to  and 
obey  the  orders,  rules  and  regulations  of  the  department,  and 
conform  to  the  general  discipline  and  regulations  thereof." 

"  The  Mayor  may,  upon  an  emergency  or  apprehension  of  riot  or 
mob,  take  command  of  the  police  force  and  appoint  as  many  spe- 
cial patrolmen  as  he  may  deem  advisable.  During  their  services 
the  special  appointees  shall  possess  the  powers  and  perform  the 
duties  of  regular  employees  of  the  department,  and  shall  receive 
such  compensation  as  shall  be  authorized  by  the  Mayor,  not  ex- 
ceeding that  of  the  regular  officers  of  the  force  performing  corre- 
sponding duties." 

"The  department  shall  make  suitable  regulations  under  which 
the  officers  and  members  of  the  police  force  shall  be  required  to 
wear  an  appropriate  uniform.  It  shall  be  a  misdemeanor,  punish- 
able by  fine  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars  and  imprisonment 
not  exceeding  six  months,  or  either  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  Court,  for  any  person  to  falsely  personate  by  uniform,  insignia 
or  otherwise  any  officer  or  member  of  the  department." 

"  There  shall  be  created  and  established  by  ordinance  a  pen- 
sion fund,  to  be  maintained  by  an  equal  and  proportionate 
monthly  charge  made  against  each  member  of  the  police  force, 
which  fund  shall  be  safely  invested  and  held  in  trust  by  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  Sinking  Fund,  and  applied  upon  such  terms  and 
regulations  as  Councils  may  by  ordinance  prescribe  for  the  benefit 
of  such  members  of  the  police  force  as  shall  receive  honorable 


644  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

discharges  therefrom  by  reason  of  age  or  disability,  and  the 
families  of  such  as  may  be  injured  or  killed  in  the  service ;  but 
such  allowance  as  shall  be  made  to  those  who  are  retired  by 
reason  of  the  disabilities  of  age  shall  be  in  conformity  with  a  uni- 
form scale." 

"  No  policeman  shall  be  dismissed  without  his  written  consent, 
except  by  the  decision  of  a  court,  either  of  trial  or  of  inquiry,  duly 
determined  and  certified  in  writing  to  the  Mayor,  which  court 
shall  be  composed  of  persons  belonging  to  the  police  force,  equal 
or  superior  in  official  position  therein  to  the  accused.  Such  de- 
cision shall  only  be  determined  by  trial  of  charges,  with  plain 
specifications  made  by  or  lodged  with  the  director  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Safety,  of  which  trial  the  accused  shall  have  due 
notice,  and  at  which  he  shall  have  the  right  to  be  present  in 
person.  The  persons  composing  such  court  shall  be  appointed 
and  sworn  by  the  director  of  the  Department  of  Public  Safety  to 
perform  their  duties  impartially  and  without  fear  or  favor;  and 
the  person  of  highest  rank  in  such  court  shall  have  the  same 
authority  to  issue  and  enforce  process,  to  secure  the  attendance  of 
witnesses,  and  to  administer  oaths  to  witnesses  as  is  possessed  by 
any  justice  of  the  peace  in  this  commonwealth." 

"  Such  charges  may  be  of  disability  for  service,  in  which  case 
the  court  shall  be  one  of  inquiry,  whose  decision  may  be  for  the 
honorable  discharge  from  the  service  of  the  person  concerned ;  or 
of  neglect  or  violation  of  law  or  duty,  inefficiency,  intemperance, 
disobedience  of  orders,  or  unbecoming  official  or  personal  conduct, 
in  which  cases  the  court  shall  be  one  of  trial,  and  its  decision  may 
authorize  the  director  of  the  Department  of  Public  Safety  to  im- 
pose fines  and  pecuniary  penalties,  to  be  stopped  from  pay,  or  to 
suspend  from  pay  or  duty,  or  both,  for  a  period  fixed  by  them  not 
exceeding  one  year,  or  to  dismiss  from  the  service." 

"  It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  director  of  the  Department  of  Public 
Safety,  at  his  discretion,  to  suspend  from  duty,  before  trial,  any 
person  charged  as  aforesaid,  until  such  trial  can  be  had,  with  or 
without  pay -as  such  court  shall  afterwards  determine,  but  no  trial 
shall  be  delayed  for  more  than  one  month  after  charge  made." 

"  The  finding  of  the  court  of  trial  or  inquiry,  as  aforesaid,  shall 
be  of  no  effect  until  approved  by  the  Mayor." 

The  ordinance  carrying  into  effect  the  section  of  the  bill  pro- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  645 

viding  for  the  creation  of  the  Police  Pension  Fund  was  passed  by 
Councils  on  December  16,  1886.  It  provides  as  follows  : 

SECTION  i.  The  Select  and  Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Phil- 
adelphia do  ordain,  That  there  shall  be  deducted  from  the  pay 
rolls,  each  and  every  month,  2  per  centum  of  the  amount  due  as 
salary  to  each  member  of  the  police  force,  which  2  per  centum 
shrill  be  paid  to  the  Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  Pension  Fund,  on 
such  terms  and  conditions  as  shall  be  hereinafter  provided.  The 
said  fund  to  be  known  as  the  Police  Pension  Fund. 

SECT.  2.  The  director  of  public  safety,  or  such  other  person  or 
persons  as  may  be  directed  by  ordinance,  shall  draw  warrants  in 
favor  of  the  said  employees  for  98  per  centum,  due  and  payable 
to  them  as  salaries,  and  shall  draw  warrants  in  favor  of  the  Sink- 
ing Fund  Commissioners  for  2  per  centum  of  the  said  salaries  due 
the  said  employees. 

SECT.  3.  The  said  Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  shall  hold  the 
moneys  thus  paid  to  them  in  trust,  for  the  benefit  of  such  members 
of  the  police  force  as  shall  receive  honorable  discharge  from 
service  by  reason  of  age  or  disability,  and  the  families  of  such  as 
may  be  injured  or  killed  in  the  service  of  the  city. 

The  said  money  and  all  other  moneys  received  for  the  benefit 
of  this  fund  shall  be  safely  invested  by  the  said  Sinking  Fund 
Commissioners  in  United  States  or  State  of  Pennsylvania  loans, 
or  the  securities  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

The  accounts  of  moneys  received  from  respective  forces  shall 
be  kept  distinct  from  each  other. 

The  above  pensions  shall  be  directed  to  be  paid  to  the  members 
of  the  police  force,  or  their  families,  as  shall  hereinafter  be  di- 
rected. 

The  same  shall  be  paid  by  the  said  Sinking  Fund  Commission- 
ers from  the  income  of  the  securities  invested. 

But  if  the  income  shall  be  insufficient,  then  the  same  shall  be 
paid  from  the  principal  thereof. 

SECT.  4.  The  said  Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  shall  pay  all 
warrants  drawn  by  the  director  of  public  safety  (or  such  other 
person  or  persons  as  shall  be  empowered  by  ordinance)  and  signed 
by  the  city  controller. 

At  the  end  of  each  and  every  fiscal  year  they  shall  present  a  re- 


646  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

port  to  the  Mayor  of  the  city,  with  an  accurate  account  of  all  their 
transactions. 

SECT.  5.  The  Mayor  shall  appoint  three  persons,  who  shall  con- 
stitute the  Board  of  Pension  Commissioners.  They  shall  serve 
without  salary.  Said  Board  shall  meet  at  least  monthly.  At 
their  first  meeting  they  shall  fix  a  certain  day  in  each  calendar 
month  as  their  stated  day  of  meeting.  One  of  them  shall  serve 
one  year,  another  two  years,  and  the  third  three  years.  They 
shall,  at  their  said  first  meeting,  settle  by  lot  the  duration  of  their 
respective  terms.  The  Mayor  shall  appoint  each  year  a  suc- 
cessor, to  serve  three  years.  Each  appointment  to  this  Board 
shall  require  to  be  confirmed  by  Select  Council. 

The  Board  of  Pension  Commissioners  shall  hear  and  decide 
upon  all  applications  for  pensions,  subject  to  the  conditions 
named  in  this  ordinance.  The  director  of  the  Department  of 
Public  Safety  shall  assign  a  clerk  from  his  department  to  be  their 
secretary. 

Whenever  they  shall  award  a  pension,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
their  secretary  (or  other  duly  authorized  officer)  to  certify  to  the 
city  controller  and  Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  the  amount  of 
pension  granted  in  each  case,  the  cause  for  which  it  was  allowed, 
and  the  name  of  the  person  entitled  to  receive  the  same. 

No  member  of  this  Board  shall  at  any  time  be  otherwise  con- 
nected with  any  departments  of  the  city. 

SECT.  6.  The  Board  shall  make  such  rules  and  regulations  for 
their  government  as  in  their  judgment  they  may  deem  necessary. 

They  shall  have  the  power  to  revise  their  actions,  to  decrease 
or  annul  any  pensions  granted,  or  any  part  thereof.  They  shall 
also  have  power  to  increase  pensions  granted  :  Provided,  The 
said  increase  shall  not  be  in  excess  of  the  amount  named  in  this 
ordinance. 

They  shall  keep  an  accurate  record  of  all  cases  acted  upon. 

SECT.  7.  All  pensions  shall  be  payable  monthly. 

SECT.  8.  In  case  of  the  death  of  any  officer  or  member  of  the 
police  force,  caused  in  or  resulting  from  the  performance  of  duty, 
whether  the  same  shall  occur  before  or  after  retirement  from  the 
service,  there  shall  be  paid  to  his  widow  a  sum  not  exceeding  $200 
per  annum,  for  five  years,  unless  she  shall  remarry,  in  which  case 
the  said  pension  shall  cease  and  determine. 

SECT.  9.  In  case  he  leaves  a  child,  or  children  under  fourteen 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  647 

years  of  age,  a  sum  not  exceeding  $150  per  annum  for  each  child, 
shall  be  paid  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  children,  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  deemed  best  by  the  Board  of  Pension  Commissioners  : 
Provided,  The  said  pension  shall  cease  and  determine  when  the 
said  child  or  children  attain  the  age  of  fourteen  years. 

In  case  there  be  no  widow,  child,  or  children,  but  an  aged 
parent  or  parents  dependent  on  him  for  support  there  shall  be 
paid  to  each  parent  as  long  as  they  may  live  a  sum  not  exceeding 
$150  per  annum. 

SECT.  10.  Any  member  of  the  police  force,  who  shall  receive 
honorable  discharge  from  the  service  by  reason  of  age,  shall  be 
entitled  to  a  pension  in  an  annual  amount  to  be  ascertained  in 
conformity  with  the  following  scale  : 

Every  such  member  who  shall  have  served  five  years  shall  re- 
ceive a  pension  in  the  amount  of  $75  per  annum.  For  each  ad- 
ditional year  throughout  which  he  shall  have  served,  the  pension 
shall  be  increased  by  $15  :  Provided,  That  no  pension  on  account 
of  age  shall  exceed  $300. 

SECT.  ii.  All  officers,  or  members  of  the  police  force  who 
shall  be  retired  from  service  by  reason  of  disability,  arising  from 
other  causes  than  age,  shall  be  paid  a  sum  not  exceeding  $300 
per  annum  for  life  :  Provided,  That  except  in  the  case  of  injury 
hereafter  received,  they  shall  have  served  in  the  police  force  five 
consecutive  years  preceding  the  disability. 

SECT.  12.  Resignation  or  discharge  from  the  force  for  miscon- 
duct, or  the  removal  of  the  pensioner  from  the  State,  shall  forfeit 
all  claims  to  pensions. 

SECT.  13.  No  person  shall  have  any  claim  for  a  pension  of  any 
kind  or  description  except  for  the  reasons  above  stated. 

SECT.  14.  The  foregoing  regulations  are  made  subject  to  the 
right  of  Councils  to  modify  the  same  from  time  to  time,  in  such 
manner  as  they  may  deem  most  advantageous  and  equitable 
toward  the  beneficiaries,  or  more  conducive  to  an  efficient  police 
force. 

POLICE    SURGEON    FRENCH. 

Dr.  MORRIS  STROUD  FRENCH,  police  surgeon,  was  born  in  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  September  28,  1856,  his  father  being  an  eminent 
lawyer  of  that  city.  After  a  thorough  preliminary  education  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio, 


648  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

being  a  private  pupil  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Dawson,  Professor  of  Surgery, 
and  of  Dr.  James  T.  Whittaker,  Professor  of  Medicine,  in  that 
institution.  Being  anxious  to  avail  himself  of  the  instruction  of 
the  great  master-surgeon,  the  late  Professor  S.  D.  Gross,  he  fin- 
ished his- medical  education  at  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  this 
city,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1876,  "the  Centennial  class,"  and 
commenced  his  practice  here  the  following  year. 

When  Mayor  Smith  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  Dr. 
French  was  appointed  police  surgeon.  His  first  duty  was  to 
make  a  physical  examination  of  every  man  in  the  police  depart- 
ment and  of  each  candidate  for  appointment.  January  i,  1886, 
Councils  made  him  also  surgeon  to  the  fire  department,  and 
subsequently  passed  a  resolution  instructing  him  to  make  a  physi- 
cal examination  of  the  members  of  that  department,  and  prohibit- 
ing the  Commissioners  from  making  appointments,  or  promotions, 
until  the  applicant  had  first  passed  a  satisfactory  physical  exami- 
nation. 

To  Mayor  Smith  belongs  the  credit  of  having  first  introduced 
physical  requirements  and  medical  supervision  into  the  police 
and  fire  departments  of  Philadelphia,  having  found  such  in  force 
in  most  of  the  great  cities  both  here  and  abroad.  The  improve- 
ment resulting  from  this  is  strikingly  apparent  upon  comparing  the 
present  force  with  that  of  the  past. 

The  duties  of  the  police  surgeon  consist  in  having  sanitary 
supervision  over  the  police  and  fire  stations,  attending  officers 
who  have  been  injured  in  the  discharge  of  their  duty,  examining 
all  applicants  for  appointment  in  the  police  and  fire  department, 
and  he  is  also  required  to  examine  insane  persons  in  the  custody 
of  the  police  department. 

Since  his  appointment  Dr.  French  has  made  a  physical  exami- 
nation of  nearly  four  thousand  men,  besides  having  responded  to 
more  than  seven  hundred  calls  from  sick  and  injured  members 
of  the  department,  and  has  given  attention  to  the  hundreds  of  un- 
known and  friendless  insane  that  are  annually  picked  up  upon  the 
streets  of  a  great  city. 

Dr.  French  has  always  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  sur- 
gery, having  had  experience  in  several  large  hospitals  to  fit  him 
for  the  duties  of  public  and  private  practice,  and  has  also  contrib- 
uted largely  to  the  literature  of  medicine  and  surgery.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  leading  national,  State  and  local  medical  societies 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


649 


and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Pathological  Society  for  many 
years. 

In  his  report  to  Mayor  Smith  for  the  first  year  after  assuming 
the  office  Police  Surgeon  French,  speaking  of  disabled  officers, 
said  : 

"  You  will  see  by  the  records  that  40  men  have  been  serv- 
ing faithfully  upon  the  police  force  for  more  than  20  years. 
Some  of  these  men  have  reached  an  age  that  renders  them  unfit 
to  discharge  their  duties.  The  exposure  to  cold  and  inclement 
weather  is  a  matter  of  risk  to  them,  they  take  their  lives  in  their 
hands.  Other  cities  make  provision  for  those  who  have  faithfully 
served  the  public  for  so  many  years  and  provide  for  old  age.  A 
policeman  should  be  physically  sound  in  every  respect,  the  re- 
sponsibilities requiring  men  of  activity.  Those  who  have  grown 
old  in  the  service  should  be  provided  for  by  Councils  with  posi- 
tions they  could  readily  fill,  such  as  janitors,  messengers,  etc.,  in 
public  offices.  The  question  of  pensions  is  also  one  of  much  im- 
portance ;  of  course,  you  can  but  recommend  such  matters  to 
Councils,  it  is  for  that  body  to  consider  and  reject  or  adopt,  as  all 
questions  of  public  benefit  or  protection  are  at  their  disposition. 
The  knowledge  that  in  the  event  of  death,  injury  or  illness  re- 
ceived on  duty,  the  wife  and  children  of  the  policeman  will  be 
provided  for  by  the  people  whose  property  and  life  he  has  sworn 
to  protect,  will  stimulate  and  encourage  him  to  do  his  duty  faith- 
fully, as  it  is  but  natural  for  a  man  engaged  in  a  duty  involving 
risk  and  danger  to  think  of  those  dear  to  him,  of  those  depending 
upon  him  for  comfort  and  subsistence.  Several  instances  have 
come  under  your  Honor's  notice,  of  faithful  officers  being  in  dis- 
tress owing  to  the  want  of  necessaries  for  their  families.  The  in- 
jury received  in  discharging  their  duty  had  caused  unfitness  for 
service,  and  in  consequence  their  income  had  ceased,  leaving  them 
unprovided  for  by  the  public  in  whose  service  their  injury  or  sick- 
ness had  been  received  or  contracted." 

Dr.  French  has  prepared  a  pamphlet,  which  is  furnished  to 
every  policeman  on  the  force,  called  "  Hints  and  Helps  for 
Officers  of  the  Police  Department,  in  Case  of  Accidents  and  Emer- 
gencies." It  is  a  valuable  little  book,  and  the  directions  it  con- 
tains are  couched  in  such  language  as  to  be  easily  understood,  and 
the  remedies  readily  applied  by  the  officers. 


650  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 


POLICE    SOLICITOR    MILES. 

JAMES  L.  MILES,  police  solicitor,  was  born  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools,  graduating  from  the  Cen- 
tral High  School.  For  ten  years  he  was  connected  with  the  old 
foreign  shipping  and  commission  house  of  S.  Morris  Wain  &  Co., 
in  various  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility.  He  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  Col.  William  B.  Mann,  and  graduated  from  the 
law  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  in  1881. 

His  duties  as  police  solicitor  are  to  attend  to  such  legal  matters 
affecting  the  members  of  the  force  in  the  discharge  of  their  offi- 
cial duties,  and  to  advise  them  on  all  questions  touching  the  same 
when  so  requested. 

DISTRICT   ATTORNEY  GRAHAM    AND    HIS    STAFF. 

The  district  attorney's  office  is  a  factor  not  to  be  overlooked  in 
the  police  administration  of  Philadelphia.  At  times  it  is  a  leader 
in  police  reform,  and  always  an  ally  of  good  government.  The 
present  district  attorney,  George  Scott  Graham,  who  is  now  serv- 
ing his  second  term,  having  been  elected  in  1886  without  opposi- 
tion, is  the  youngest  and  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  who  have  held 
the  position.  He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  September  13,  1850.  He  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  Jefferson  Grammar  School,  in  Fifth  Street  above  Poplar, 
and  intended  to  complete  it  at  the  Central  High  School,  but  at  a 
period  when  fitted  for  the  latter  institution  he  was  withdrawn  from 
the  public  school  and  his  instruction  was  committed  to  the  care  of 
his  brother,  the  Reverend  Robert  Graham.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
young  Graham  entered  the  law  office  of  George  W.  Dedrick,  Esq., 
and  was  also  matriculated  in  the  law  department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  graduated  some  three  years  later 
as  Bachelor  of  Laws,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1870,  from 
the  office  of  John  Roberts,  Esq.  Applying  himself  industriously  to 
the  profession,  and  possessing  many  of  the  qualifications  v/hich 
lead  to  forensic  success,  he  gained  an  honorable  recognition  on 
the  part  of  the  public,  and  speedily  won  for  himself  a  very  desir- 
able clientage.  At  an  early  period  he  also  turned  his  attention  to 
politics,  and  in  1876  was  chosen  to  a  seat  in  Select  Council  from 


PAST  AND   PRESENT.  651 

the  Twenty-ninth  Ward.  Here  he  rapidly  rose  into  prominence, 
and  was  made  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Law,  and  awarded 
a  place  on  the  Finance  Committee. 

In  1880,  Mr.  Graham  was  elected  district  attorney  by  a  majority 
of  20,000.  He  is  a  good  lawyer,  a  forcible  speaker,  and  an  excel- 
lent official,  punctual,  industrious,  persevering  and  successful. 
During  his  incumbency  he  has  tried  a  great  many  important  cases, 
and  in  one  year  secured  the  conviction  of  six  murderers. 

FRANCIS  AMEDEE  BREGY,  First  assistant  district  attorney,  was 
born  in  Centreville,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  September  7, 
1846.  His  father  was  a  French  gentleman,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  1840.  Mr.  Bregy  received  his  early  instruction  in  the 
public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  at  the  proper  age  entered  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  left  that  institution  at  the  end 
of  his  sophomore  year  to  enter  the  army,  which  he  did  in  1863  as 
a  private  in  the  First  Philadelphia  Artillery.  In  1864  he  was  com- 
missioned second  lieutenant  in  the  Two  Hundred  and  Fifteenth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Upon  his  return  home  he  entered  the 
law  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  registered 
in  the  law  office  of  Francis  A.  Van  Cleve.  In  October,  1867,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar.  He  directed  his  attention  to  criminal 
law,  and  soon  secured  a  prominent  place.  District  Attorney 
Willian  B.  Mann,  in  1872,  selected  Mr.  Bregy  as  one  of  his  assist- 
ants, and  he  served  the  county  under  that  gentleman  for  three 
years.  After  leaving  the  district  attorney's  office  he  secured  a 
large  practice,  for  one  of  his  years,  at  the  Bar.  and  was  counsel  for 
the  defence  in  a  number  of  important  cases.  His  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  rules  of  pleading  qualified  him  for  first  assistant 
district  attorney,  to  which  he  was  appointed  by  District  Attorney 
Graham,  in  1881.  He  is  particularly  skilled  in  drawing  up  bills  of 
indictment,  and  is  noted  for  the  celerity  with  which  he  conducts 
trials  in  minor  criminal  cases.  He  has  tried  more  than  fifty  cases 
in  a  single  day,  and  this  without  doing  injustice  to  the  persons  ac- 
cused. As  prosecuting  officer  Mr.  Bregy,  while  cool  and  dispas- 
sionate in  the  presentation  of  damaging  facts,  and  conscientious 
in  affording  defendants  every  privilege  that  the  law  grants,  is 
vigorous  and  lucid  in  argument,  and  searching  in  cross  examina- 
tion. 

JOHN  LIPPENCOTT  KINSEY,  second  assistant  district  attorney, 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  August  29,  1846.  He  attended  a 


652  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

boarding-school  in  New  Jersey,  graduating  from  a  select  sem- 
inary in  Philadelphia.  After  a  year's  experience  in  mercantile 
pursuits  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Albert  S.  Letchworth,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  October,  1872.  He  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  general  law  and  equity  practice,  and  did  not  often  appear 
at  the  Bar  of  the  criminal  court.  He  was  appointed  third  assist- 
ant district  attorney  by  District  Attorney  Graham  in  1881,  and 
upon  the  resignation  of  Charles  F.  Warwick,  elected  city  solicitor, 
was  made  second  assistant. 

JOHN  A.  SINER,  the  third  assistant  district  attorney,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  August  24,  1848.  He  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools,  and  entered  the  high  school.  He 
did  not  complete  the  course,  however,  but  left  to  fit  himself  for 
the  Bar,  studying  in  the  office  of  George  S.  Graham.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1879,  and  devoted  himself  to  general  prac- 
tice until  his  appointment  by  Mr.  Graham  in  1884,  to  succeed  John 
L.  Kinsey,  promoted. 

Attached  to  the  district  attorney's  office  are  two  detectives, 
who  are  employed  in  securing  evidence  against  indicted  persons. 
Charles  F.  Myers  is  the  murder  detective,  devoting  his  attention 
wholly  to  homicide  cases.  He  is  a  Philadelphian  by  birth,  having 
been  born  in  the  old  district  of  the  Northern  Liberties  May  15, 
1836.  He  was  a  public  school  boy,  and  at  a  suitable  age  was  ap- 
prenticed to  a  paper-hanger,  which  trade  he  learned.  Mr.  Myers 
served  two  terms  in  Common  Council  from  the  Seventeenth  Ward 
from  January  i,  1877,  to  April  i,  1881. 

He  was  appointed  murder  detective  January,  1881,  and  since 
that  time  has  secured  evidence  in  three  hundred  and  twelve  homi- 
cide cases.  Many  of  these  were  quite  important,  and  six  of  the 
homicides  were  convicted  of  murder  in  the  first  degree,  sentenced 
and  executed  :  John  Maginnis,  for  the  murder  of  his  mother-in- 
law,  March  4,  1884 ;  Dr.  Albert  Goersen,  for  the  murder  of  his 
wife,  March  5,  1885  ;  Charles  E.  Briggs,  for  the  murder  of  his 
wife,  March  17,  1885  ;  Joseph  Taylor,  for  the  murder  of  prison- 
keeper  Michael  Dornan,  of  the  Eastern  Penitentiary,  July  17, 
1885  ;  Richard  Treuke,  for  the  murder  of  Auguste  Zimm,  February 
12,  1885,  and  James  Kane,  who  murdered  his  brother  Andrew, 
July  7,  1885.  His  labors  are  quite  arduous,  as  it  is  his  duty  to 
prepare  the  evidence  in  every  case  as  soon  as  the  person  accused 
is  indicted,  follow  up  clews  that  have  only  been  partly  developed 


PAST  AND  PRESENT.  653 

and  see  that  witnesses  for  the  defence  are  on  hand  on  the  day  of 
trial. 

HENRY  WEYL,  who  looks  after  the  general  detective  work  of 
the  office,  has  been  identified  with  the  detective  business  for  the 
last  fifteen  years.  He  was  born  at  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  December 
16,  1843,  but  his  parents  removed  to  Wilmington,  Delaware,  when 
he  was  an  infant,  and  there  he  attended  the  public  schools.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  came  to  Philadelphia  and  learned  the  trade 
of  fancy  cake  baker,  at  which  he  worked  for  four  years.  He  left 
this  to  take  a  position  in  Disston's  Saw  Works,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  When  the  paid  fire  department  was  organized  in  1871, 
Mr.  Disston  secured  Weyl's  appointment  as  messenger  to 
the  commissioners.  When  Mayor  Stokley  took  his  seat  he  ap- 
pointed Weyl  a  special  officer  at  the  Central  Station.  He  was 
subsequently  detailed  as  murder  detective  to  Coroner  Powers, 
but  after  serving  in  this  capacity  for  six  months  the  mayor  created 
him  a  full  detective.  He  has  a  wonderful  memory  of  faces  and 
names,  and  it  was  a  part  of  his  duty  while  at  headquarters  to  keep 
the  "  Thieves'  Record."  He  knows  every  professional  crook  in 
the  United  States,  and  has  the  most  complete  private  collection  of 
rogues'  portraits  in  the  country,  over  1200  in  number.  During  the 
Centennial  he  did  good  service  by  arresting  every  professional 
thief  that  he  met,  photographing  him  and  sending  copies  of  the 
picture  to  all  the  station-houses  in  the  city.  He  was  employed  on 
the  celebrated  Charlie  Ross  case,  and  secured  a  great  deal  of  the 
evidence  which  resulted  in  the  arrest  and  conviction  of  the  Wes- 
tervelts.  When  Secretary  of  the  Navy  Robeson  was  robbed  in 
New  York  City,  Weyl  recognized  the  thief  from  the  description 
given,  and,  going  to  New  York,  arrested  the  notorious  "  Poodle  " 
Murphy,  for  the  crime.  In  1877  he  was  sent  after  Robert  Fox, 
the  then  proprietor  of  a  notorious  variety  theatre  in  Philadel- 
phia. Fox  had  eluded  the  authorities  and  fled  from  the  city  in 
company  with  a  danseuse  connected  with  his  theatre.  He  was 
wanted  on  various  charges,  and  it  was  generally  believed  that  he 
and  his  paramour  had  sailed  for  Europe.  Weyl,  after  weeks  of 
search,  traced  the  fugitive  to  Willow  Grove  and  arrested  him. 

In  1881  District  Attorney  Graham  appointed  him  to  his  present 
position,  and  he  resigned  from  the  detective  force.  He  has  charge 
of  the  general  detective  business  of  the  office,  and  it  was  mainly 
through  his  efforts  that  the  wholesale  "  jury  fixing,"  which  had 


654  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

so  long  disgraced  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  was  broken  up. 
There  were  a  score  of  men  in  Philadelphia,  led  by  the  notorious 
George  Rankin,  who  made  a  business  of  furnishing  "  straw "  or 
bogus  bail.  Weyl  drove  these  rascals  from  the  city  and  broke  up 
their  business.  He  is  frequently  called  upon  to  identify  unknown 
criminals,  and  if  the  crook  has  a  record,  Weyl  can  immediately 
call  his  name,  give  his  aliases  and  a  correct  history  of  his  ca- 
reer. 

THE  FAIRMOUNT  PARK  GUARDS. 

Although  the  Park  Guards  are  a  separate  and  distinct  organiza- 
tion, independent  of  the  city  police  department,  in  a  history  of 
this  character  they  properly  receive  mention. 

In  1867  Councils,  by  ordinance,  authorized  the  creation  of  a  De- 
partment of  Parks,  to  be  governed  by  a  Commission  composed  of 
ten  members,  appointed  by  the  courts,  to  which  were  added,  by 
virtue  of  their  office,  the  Mayor,  President  of  Common  Council, 
President  of  Select  Council,  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Water  Depart- 
ment, Commissioner  of  City  Property,  and  the  Chief  Engineer  and 
Surveyor.  This  body  has  absolute  control  over  the  management 
of  Fairmount  and  the  Hunting  parks.  For  the  proper  policing  of 
these  parks  the  Commissioners  employ  a  company  of  Park  Guards, 
consisting  of  seventy-three  privates,  five  sergeants,  and  a  captain. 
Fairmount  is  the  largest  park  in  the  United  States,  and  the  fifth 
largest  in  the  world.  The  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876  was  held 
within  its  limits,  and' Memorial  Hall,  Horticultural  Hall  and  sev- 
eral other  buildings  that  were  donated  to  the  park  by  the  builders 
are  left  as  monuments  of  the  great  exposition.  Besides  these 
edifices  there  are  scattered  throughout  the  park  many  old  and 
historic  mansions,  which  have  been  modernized  without  detriment 
to  their  ancient  picturesqueness,  and  are  used  as  refreshment 
saloons  for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  thousands  of  pleas- 
ure seekers  who  yearly  visit  the  park.  Besides  these  buildings 
there  are  quite  a  number  of  statues  of  prominent  men,  several  clas- 
sic and  allegorical  groups  in  bronze  and  marble,  costly  and 
beautiful  drinking  fountains  and  other  works  of  art. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Park  Guards  to  exercise  a  general  super- 
vision over  this  property,  to  prevent  the  commission  of  crime 
within  the  limits  of  the  park,  enforce  the  ordinances  against  fast 
driving,  and  to  see  that  no  vandal  mutilates  the  statuary  or  de- 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


655 


stroys  the  flowers,  plants  and  trees.  The  Schuylkill  River  runs 
through  the  park,  and  the  finest  long-distance  rowing  course  in  the 
country  extends  from  Fairmount  to  Belmont  Mansion,  a  distance 
of  three  miles.  No  professional  races  are  allowed  over  this  course, 
but  amateur  racing  is  encouraged,  and  the  "  Schuylkill  Navy  "  is 
distinguished  for  the  beauty  of  its  club  houses,  and  the  number 
and  enthusiasm  of  its  members.  There  are  eight  barge  and  boat 
clubs  in  the  navy,  and  regattas  are  held  every  year  under  the  au- 
spices of  the  association.  To  prevent  drowning  accidents  the 
river  is  regularly  patrolled  during  the  summer  months  by  several 
boats  manned  by  Park  Guards,  each  craft  being  provided  with  the 
necessary  appliances  for  the  rescue  of  persons  in  peril,  and  for  the 
raising  of  dead  bodies  from  the  depths  of  the  river.  During  the 
winter  months  there  is  fine  skating  on  the  river,  and  a  detail  of  the 
guards  is  kept  busy  looking  after  the  safety  of  the  skaters. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Park  Guards  are  at  Sedgley,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  near  Girard  Avenue  bridge,  and  there 
are  several  sub-stations,  one  at  Belmont,  one  in  the  East  Park,  and 
one  on  Wissahickon  Creek.  The  headquarters  and  the  sub-sta- 
tions are  fitted  up  with  cells  for  the  temporary  safe  keeping  of 
prisoners,  who  are  ultimately  turned  over  to  the  police  lieutenant 
whose  station-house  is  nearest  the  place  of  arrest.  To  give  an 
adequate  idea  of  the  multifarious  duties  of  the  Park  Guards,  an 
abstract  of  the  report  of  the  captain  of  the  guards  for  the  year 
1886  is  given.  During  that  year  1,531,946  pedestrians,  27,748 
equestrians,  21,489  bicycles,  341,220  one-horse,  188,151  two- 
horse,  244  four-horse  vehicles,  and  31,025  sleighs  visited  the  park 
and  were  counted  by  the  guards  on  duty  at  the  various  entrances. 
Nine  persons  were  drowned  and  six  were  rescued  from  suicide. 
Two  persons  committed  suicide,  and  seven  made  the  attempt  but 
did  not  succeed.  164  arrests  were  made,  128  lost  children  were 
restored  to  their  parents,  and  78  "  pistols  "  were  found. 

On  the  morning  of  March  26,  1884,  one  of  the  Park  Guards,  who 
was  patrolling  the  road  which  borders  Wissahickon  Creek,  was 
accosted  by  a  boy  who  pointed  out  to  him  the  decomposing  trunk 
of  a  man,  which  he  had  discovered  in  the  creek.  On  May  5  and 
June  15  of  the  same  year,  the  Park  Guards  and  the  police  found 
the  head  and  limbs  of  a  man,  which  completed  the  body.  It  was 
supposed  to  be  the  remains  of  Frederic  Stahl,  a  butcher,  who 
disappeared  mysteriously  early  in  1884,  and  has  never  since  been 


656  THE  PHILADELPHIA  POLICE, 

found.  Several  arrests  were  made,  but  it  was  not  definitely  proven 
that  the  body  was  Stahl's.  In  October,  1884,  John  M.  Wilson  sur- 
rendered himself  in  Chicago,  and  confessed  that  the  mangled 
remains  were  those  of  Anthony  Dealey,  a  farmer,  in  Montgomery 
County,  Penn.,  for  whom  he  had  worked.  On  the  night  of  January 
3,  1884,  Wilson  murdered  Dealey,  set  his  house  on  fire,  cut  up  his 
body  and  carried  the  remains  to  Wissahickon  Creek.  Wilson  was 
convicted  of  the  crime  and  hanged  January  13,  1887. 

This  is  one  of  the  strangest  cases  in  police  annals.  Dealey 
was  a  prosperous  farmer,  well  known,  and  had  near  relatives 
living  in  Philadelphia.  On  the  clay  after  the  murder  Wilson  drove 
Dealey's  horses  and  cattle  to  Norristown  and  disposed  of  them. 
With  the  money  thus  obtained  he  fled.  He  represented  that 
Dealey  had  gone  West  to  seek  a  new  home,  and  had  authorized 
him  to  dispose  of  his  property,  and  no  one  ever  thought  of  ques- 
tioning the  truth  of  his  story.  Months  passed  and  Dealey's  farm 
lay  idle.  His  relatives,  of  course,  received  no  word  from  the 
missing  man,  but  even  they  never  suspected  that  he  had  been  the 
victim  of  foul  play. 

JAMES  DORSEY,  who  arrested  the  brutal  and  notorious  Antoine 
Probst,  murderer  of  the  Deering  family,  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
October  25,  1841.  During  the  war  he  served  two  terms  in  the 
State  service,  once  about  six  weeks  in  the  Fifty-second  Regiment 
of  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  again  in  the  Twelfth  Regiment  of 
Infantry  for  a  few  days  in  1863,  when  Lee  raided  into  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  appointed  to  the  police  force  by  Mayor  Henry, 
May  i,  1865,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Sixth  District.  May  5, 
1869,  he  resigned,  and  on  the  25th  of  August  of  the  same  year 
was  appointed  a  Park  Guard,  in  which  position  he  has  served  with 
fidelity  since,  his  record  being  without  a  single  black  mark  against 
it. 

He  tells  the  following  story  of  Probst's  arrest : 

"  On  the  seventh  day  of  April,  1866,  eight  members  of  the 
Deering  family  were  murdered  at  their  farm  on  "The  Neck," 
below  Philadelphia.  Two  days  afterward  the  dead  bodies  were 
discovered,  but  it  was  not  until  the  following  day  that  suspicion 
pointed  to  Probst,  who  was  a  farm  hand  employed  by  Mr.  Deering, 
as  the  murderer.  His  description  was  sent  to  all  the  station- 
houses,  and  at  roll  call  each  officer  was  particularly  instructed  to 
keep  a  lookout  for  him.  I  was  a  young  officer,  and  ambitious  to 


PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


657 


distinguish  myself.  While  patrolling  my  beat,  I  kept  a  sharp  eye 
for  all  suspicious  looking  Dutchmen,  and  halted  and  questioned 
a  great  many.  On  the  night  of  the  twelfth  of  April,  at  about 
twenty  minutes  before  nine,  I  was  standing  at  the  corner  of 
Twenty-third  and  Market  streets  with  two  brother  officers.  It  was 
a  dark,  gloomy  night  and  a  drizzling  rain  was  falling.  While  we 
were  talking  a  man  passed  us  going  toward  the  bridge.  He  was 
slouching  along  close  to  the  buildings,  and  one  of  my  companions 
pointed  him  out  and  said  : 

"  '  There  goes  an  Irishman,  Dorsey,  follow  him  up  and  arrest 
him.  It  may  be  Probst  in  disguise.' 

" '  I'll  see  who  he  is,  anyway,'  was  my  reply,  and  I  followed  on 
after  him. 

"  My  partners  laughed  derisively  and  crossed  the  street  to  an 
oyster  saloon.  I  overtook  the  suspicious  stranger  just  before  he 
reached  the  bridge,  and  tapping  him  on  the  shoulder,  said  : 

"  '  Good  evening ! ' 

"  '  How  do  ? '  he  muttered,  and  hung  his  head. 

"  I  pulled  off  his  cap  and  looked  him  squarely  in  the  face. 

"  '  You're  a  Dutchman  !  '  said  I. 

"  '  No,  me  Frenchman  ! '  he  answered. 

" '  Anyway,  I  want  you,'  said  I,  and  I  took  him  by  the  shoulder 
and  led  him  back  to  the  station-house.  When  he  stood  up  in  front 
of  the  rail  I  noticed  that  his  right  thumb  was  missing,  and  I  knew 
that  it  was  Probst.  The  next  morning  Mrs.  Dolan  positively  rec- 
ognized him  as  Probst.  Acting  under  orders  from  the  lieutenant 
I  took  him  before  Mayor  McMichael,  and  in  his  presence  and 
mine  Probst  confessed  that  he  murdered  the  boy  Carey  who 
worked  for  the  Deerings.  He  denied  killing  the  others,  however, 
claiming  that  they  were  murdered  by  his  accomplice,  Frederick 
Genther.  Afterwards  he  admitted  murdering  the  whole  family, 
and  he  was  hanged  for  the  crime." 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Alrichs,  Jacob  

6 

Almshouses,  The  Friends'  

69 

Alms,  or  Bettering-  House,  the.  .. 

70 

Block,  Hans  

6 

Blackburn,  Alex.  W.,  Fire  Mar- 

shal    108,  124, 

313 

Blue  Anchor  Inn  

33 

Bullitt,  John  C  

641 

Bregy,  F.  Amedee,  First  Assistant 

District  Attorney  

651 

Carre,  Sir  Robert  

6 

Claypole,  John  

16 

Conrad,  Mayor  Robert  T  

98 

Curry,  George  W  

158 

Constables  8, 

40 

Consolidation  of  the  City  

97 

De  La  War,  Lord  

2 

D'Hinnovossa,  Alexander  

6 

Dutch  West  India  Co  

3 

Delaware  or  Zuvdt  river  

2 

Ducking  Stool  

59 

Delaware  Harbor  Police  

619 

Dorsev,  James,  Park  Guard  

656 

Evans,  Governor  John  

35 

Electrical  Department  

305 

Eighth  District  

446 

Eleventh  District  

477 

Eighteenth  District  

544 

Equipment  Bureau  

601 

Fox,  Mavor  Daniel  M  

132 

Franklin,  Benjamin  

147 

Fell,  Wm.  F.,  Inspection  Clerk... 

246 

First  District  

364 

Fourth  District  

410 

Fifth  District  

420 

Fourteenth  District  

504 

Fifteenth  District  

517 

French,   Dr.   Morris    S.,    Police 

Surgeon  

647 

Fairmount  Park  Guards  

654 

Girard,  Stephen 

Givin,  Samuel  1 158,  160, 


75 
176 


Godbou,  Louis 159 

G  raham,  Geo.  S.  District  Attorney  650 

Hudson,  Henry 2 

Huddie,  Andries 5 

Holme,  Thomas 16 

Henry,  Mayor  Alexander 114 

Hoyt,  William  A 156 

Heins,  William  R 158 

"Hired"  Prison 22 

High  Street  Prison 23 

Harbor  Police,  creation  of 123 

Henry  Guards 124 

Jacquet,  John  Paul 4 

Jones,  Kennard  H 160 

Keyser,  Marshal  John  S 94 

King,  Mayor  Samuel  G 164 

Kinsey,  John  L,  Second  Assistant 
District  Attorney 651 

Liberty  Bell 65 

Life  saving  apparatus 218 

Markham,  William 13 

Malin,  Sergeant 67 

Murphy,  Marshal  John  K 96 

McMichael,  Mayor  Morton 126 

Mulholland,  St.  Clair  A 138,  147 

Mayor  Smith's  Staff. 204 

Matrons  at  station  houses 220 

Miles,  James  L.,  Police  Solicitor  650 
Myers,  Chas.  F,  Murder  Detective  652 

Nicolls,  Col.  Richard 7 

Newman,  Thomas 67 

Ninth  District 457 

Nineteenth  District 553 

Printz,  Governor 4 

Penn,  William 11,  17 

Penn,  William,  Jr 37 

Patton,  John 67 

Porter,  William  A 78 

Pennsylvania,  charter  to  Penn  for  11 

Philadelphia 16 

Provincial  Court....           18 


(659) 


660 


GENERAL,    INDEX. 


Pillory 59 

Police  and  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  112 
Police,  application   for  appoint- 
ment to 197 

Police  Surgeon's  certificate 201 

Police  inquiry  blanks  concerning 

applicants 203 

Police   harbor  boats,   King  and 

Stokley 206 

Police  reviews  and  parades 236 

Police  Patrol  Service 388 

Patrol  Station  No.  1 402 

Patrol  Station  No.  5 425 

Patrol  Station  No.  3 534 

Patrol  Station  No.  4 563 

Patrol  Station  No.  2 574 

Patrol  Station  No.  6 611 

Philadelphia,  New  Charter 641 

Police  Pension  Fund 643 

Police  Pension  Fund,  ordinance 

creating 645 

Police,  Provisions  of  New  Char- 
ter, Concerning 642 

Ruggles,  Sam'l  G... 109, 114,  126;  132 

Kiots,  the  Negro 77 

Riots,  the  Weavers' 78 

Riots,  Native  American 79 

Riot,  St.  Mary  Street 90 

Reserve  Corps,  formation  of 107 

Riots,  Railroad  of  1877 181 

Reserve  Corps 352 

Ross,  Charley,  abduction  of. 507 

Scott,  Mayor  John  M 83 

Stokley,  Mayor  William  S 150 

Swedish  West  India  Co 3 

Schout 5 

Stone  Prison 55 

Substitute  Patrolmen 122 

Smith,  Mayor  William  B 189 

Surgeons,  District 213 

Stewart,  Jas.,  Jr.,  Chief  of  Police  226 

Second  District 374 


Sixth  District 427 

Seventh  District 439 

Sub-Stations 496 

Sixteenth  District 525 

Seventeenth  District. 536 

Schuylkill  Harbor  Police 635 

Siner,  John  A.,  Third    Assistant 

District  Attorney  652 

Time  Service  Stripes 224 

Thompson,  Joseph   W,  Clerk   to 

Chief  of  Police 245 

Tryon,  Edward  K 251 

Third  District 401 

Tenth  District 467 

Twelfth  District 486 

Thirteenth  District 498 

Twentieth  District 560 

Twenty -first  District 570 

Twenty-second  District 579 

Twenty-third  District 587 

Twenty -fourth  District 598 

Twenty-fifth  District 607 

Uniforms 223 

Vaux,  Mayor  Richard 105 

Van  Service 222 

Walker,  David  R.,  Chief  Elec- 
trical Department 112,  307 

Wood,  Joseph 117 

Wood,  Charles  W 158 

Watchman,  the  first  nightly 27 

Watchmen 41,     70 

Watch-boxes 47 

Watch-houses 52 

Whipping  Post 56 

Walnut  Street  Prison 61 

Wayfarers'  Lodges 220 

Weyl,  Henry,  Detective 653 

York,  Duke  of 7 


INDEX  TO  POLICEMEN 

A  Roster  of  the  Force. 


Atkinson,  Amos  W.,  Detective 299 

Allmendinger,  William,  Detective 300 

Allbright,  Jacol>,  Captain 344 

Atkinson,  Andrew  J.,  Reserve 363 

Ashton,  Joseph  K.,  Reserve 363 

Ashton,  Edmund  Y.,  Reserve 364 

Allen,  Henry 369 

Adams,  Joel 8M) 

Addleton,  Robert 385 

Alexander,  Thomas,  Special  Officer 405 

Ashmore,  Thomas 407 

Abadie,  Alfred 408 

Allbright,  Charles  A 417 

Alexander,  John  W 418 

Anderson,  Peter 424 

Arbuckle,  Joseph 433 

Apple,  George 435 

Allbright,  William 444 

Arbuckle,  John 445 

Ahern,  Edward 445 

Adams,  Ellsworth. 446 

Ambron,  Adam 446 

Adams,  Joseph 453 

Austin,  Charles 454 

Andress,  Casper 4">5 

Auble,  Edward 464 

Ashman,  William 464 

Aiken,  Alexander 465 

Allison,  Oscar 465 

Aird,  George 474 

Abel,  George  W 483 

Ashton,  Frank  R.,  House  Sergeant 490 

Acker,  Frederick 491 

Allison,  Albert  C.,  Lieutenant 498 

Aiman,  William 513 

Ashton,  William  R.,  Sergeant 518 

Atkinson,  Harvey 521 

Abrams,  Jacob. ..'. 522 

Abrams,  AVilliaui  M 524 

Allison,  Joseph  R.,  Sergeant 526 

Adams,  Francis  S 533 

Allen,  Charles  B 540 

Allen,  Robert 550 

Addis,  William 557 

Almeda,  Anthony 557 

Allmond,  Thomas  A 558 

Atkinson,  James 5i>5 

Addison,  William 579 

Ashton,  William  H 585 

A  ttmore,  .Samuel 587 

Aikens,  Charles 604 

Anderson,  John,  Special  Officer 612 

Applegate,  George  M 614 

Ashman,  Charles 617 

Ashman,  Josiah 618 

Allen,  Charles,  Sergeant 630 

Brown,  Thomas,  Captain 325 

Bye,  Alfred  P.,  Detective 301 

Bond,Kerliu  C.,  Detective 281 

Erode,  Walter,  Jr.,  Lieutenant 355 

Bechtill,  Henry, Reserve 356 

Bell,  Robert  J.,  House  Sergeant 368 


Brown,  Robert 371 

Berk,  John 371 

Beatty,  Alexander,  Sergeant 377 

Bickley,  Albert  F.,  Special  Officer 378 

Barton,  John  J 380 

Buchanan,  James 380 

Berry,  Richard 383 

Booth,  William 385 

Boswell,  George 387 

Berger,  Paul 388 

Boston,  Harry  C 405 

Boyde,  Alexander 405 

Bracken,  Robert 406 

Brown,  Frederick 406 

Burns,  William 406 

Brunet,  Adolph .' 408 

Burns,  Robert 414 

Beam,  Harry  A 415 

Baumgratz,  Frank 415 

Barnard,  John  R 417 

Burk,  Jeremiah 417 

Boon,  William 423 

Brown,  Joseph  W 423 

Blizzard,  David,  M 424 

Babe,  William,  Jr.,  House  Sergeant 431 

Brown,  Robert 434 

Boileau,  William 435 

Boyce,  Joseph  M 436 

Blackburn,  Oliver 437 

Brown,  Harry  C.,  House  Sergeant 440 

Bastian,  Daniel 444 

Buck,  Lewis 445 

Boxburger,  Louis 445 

Barry,  Thomas  J 445 

Brooks,  James 452 

Bourquin,  Theodore  F 452 

Bartley,  George 453 

Bloom,  Martin 454 

Brooks,  William  J 456 

Buddy,  William 457 

Berry,  Philip 461 

Brines,  James 463 

Bryan,  Ralph 463 

Ball,  James 464 

Brady,  Thaddeus  H 465 

Beale,  Charles  E.,  Lieutenant 467 

Bausch,  Joseph 472 

Binder,  Michael 472 

Bash,  Charles 473 

Boj'er,  William  H 475 

Bregler,  Frederick 475 

Boyd,  George  W.'. 476 

Beiderman,  George  M 482 

Bradshaw,  Joseph  H 482 

Baldwin,  John 484 

Bennett,  Charles  E 484 

Black,  Augustus 485 

Erode,  Walter,  Sr.,  Sergeant 489 

Barry,  William 494 

Brewer,  Elijah 494 

Baird,  James  H 495 

Bowers,  Judson 495 

Boyer,  Jacob  A 496 


(661) 


662 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


Bodkin,  Richard 503 

Boweu,  Alfred  A 504 

Buchanan,  Alexander,  Lieutenant 504 

Boggs,  Daniel  P 512 

Brooks,  William 513 

Balton,  Zephinia  S 614 

Buchanan,  Edward 514 

Barnes,  John 516 

Brown,  Andrew 516 

Bell,  Robert 521 

Booz,  Otho  E 522 

Bell.  John 522 

Baldwin,  William  R.,  Special  Officer 522 

Burke,  Charles  R 523 

Bromiley,  Eli 523 

Browler.George  W 524 

Bailey,  E.  M.,  Lieutenant 525 

Boyd,  Alexander «">3l 

Baumgardner,  George 531 

Bailey,  Rufus  B 532 

Biles,  Joseph 533 

Brown,  George  W.,  Patrol  Sergeant 535 

Berry.  Jonathan 535 

Black,  John  W 541 

Baxter,  Woolsey 542 

Bowden,  John 542 

Black,  Charles 543 

Byard,  John  T 543 

Boyle,  John 548 

Barsantee,  Alonzo , 550 

Boyer,  Henry 551 

Benner,  Isaac 553 

Brown.  Thomas  C.,  House  Sergeant 554 

Boyd,  John  McK.,  House  Sergeant 554 

Blee,  Francis 557 

Bennett,  John  H , 555 

Benn,  Joseph  M , 559 

Berens,  Bernard,  House  Sergeant 563 

Bertron,  William 565 

Bernard,  John 565 

Black,  Robert 565 

Bell,  William 566 

Barger,  Benjamin 567 

Blankley.  George,  Lieutenant §70 

Brooks,  J.  P.,  Sergeant 574 

Boston,  George  W 575 

Burchfleld,  William 575 

Barrett,  John  F 577 

Bingham,  Frank  D 578 

Bartlett,  James 579 

Bailey,  William  P 579 

Barringer,  Jacob 586 

Beesley,  Jacob 586 

Boyd,  Alexander 586 

Blattau,  Jacob 586 

Boehm,  John 594 

Brown,  Martin  V 594 

Brower-Henry 595 

Beers,  EdwinS 595 

Babe,  William 596 

Bitting,  John  N 596 

Brown,  Robert 597 

Burgin,  Albert.  Sergeant 602 

Blumhardt,  William 603 

Black,  John 604 

Bloomer,  John 604 

Betzold,  Lewis 606 

Bossley,  Lewis 607 

Buchanan,  Francis,  Sergeant 608 

Bouvier,  William  M 614 

Behmke.  William  H 615 

Sevens,  Samuel 615 

Bruce,  George  F 615 

Bowen,  William  G.,  Jr 616 

Barnholt,  Charles 617 


Betzold,  John 632 

Buckley,  William  H 640 

Crawford,  Thomas  G.,  Detective 288 

Caverow,  Samuel,  Reserve 360 

Cousins,  John,  Reserve 361 

Cams,  Gilbert,  Reserve 364 

Charlton,  Andrew,  Sergeant 367 

Calhouu,  Adam,  Sergeant 367 

Chadwick,  Thomas  I.,  House  Sergeant...  368 

Coffey,  Bernard 369 

Christy,  Joseph 369 

Calhoiin,  Alexander  R 370 

Culp,  George 371 

Campbell,  James 371 

Campbell,  James 372 

Crilley,  Joseph  F 380 

Caldwell,  William 383 

Considine,  Joseph  N 386 

Carroll,  Mark  F 386 

Craig,  Henry 387 

Cromwell,  George  W.,  House  Sergeant...  402 

Chantry,  Albert  W 407 

Cappelli.  Antoine 407 

Cardwell,  Robert 408 

Carson,  George  W 409 

Carroll,  Robert 409 

Carey,  Lawrence  J 409 

Coneys,  John  J 415 

Cecil,  Thomas 416 

Cropper,  Thomas 416 

Cronin,  Michael 417 

Carroll,  James 424 

Coleman,  Noah 424 

Chatham,  George  W 424 

Colburn,  William  K 425 

Crossin,  John  F 425 

Crooks,  Alexander,  Patrol  Sergeant 426 

Clayton,  James 436 

Cooke,  Harry  C 436 

Campbell,  Samuel  E 437 

C'louser,  Thomas 437 

Collins,  William 438 

Clawges,  Joseph  V 444 

Coffin,  William 444 

Carroll,  Frank 444 

Callaway,  Jeremiah  C 446 

Culp,  Jo'hn  D 453 

Colwell,  James 454 

Coppes,  William 463 

Crow,  John 463 

Clayton,  Henry 464 

Courtney,  H.  H 465 

Cooper,  George  W.,  House  Sergeant 472 

Clark,  Charles  E 472 

Crawford,  Robert 473 

Carlin,  Frederick 473 

Coulton,  Frank 474 

Craig,  William  A 475 

Crossett.  John 482 

Clunn,  John  H 483 

Cithcart,  RobertG 484 

Carver,  Jacob 484 

Cress.  Charles  A 484 

Cahill,  John 485 

Curry,  James 485 

Calverly,  William  H 486 

Conger,  Theodore  H.  K .' 496 

Clegg,  Timothy 502 

Currier,  Isaac  S.,  Sergeant 510 

Carwithen,  Charles  R 521 

Corriston,  Robert,  House  Sergeant 529 

Cady,  George  N 532 

Chestnut,  Samuel 541 

Cauiac,  John  A 541 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEtf. 


663 


Connor,  John  W 542 

Chestnut,  John 542 

Coon,  John  L.,  House  Sergeant 548 

Clump,  Andrew 550 

Caves,  George "'":; 

Cunningham,  Frank 558 

Craig,  William 560 

Clement,  William,  Patrol  Sergeant 503 

Clinton,  Daniel  B.,  House  Sergeant 564 

Crocker,  Samuel 566 

Cooper,  Adam 5  >•> 

Cooney,  Joseph 568 

Connor,  Daniel  L 575 

Catern,  David  B 577 

Crout,  Edmund 577 

Crean,  John ~i~~ 

Condon,  Edward 585 

Chambers,  Robert 5S6 

Casey,  Amos 587 

Carpenter,  John  N.,  Special  Officer 592 

Cox,  Peter  M - 593 

Clements.  Moses 594 

Craig,  William 595 

Colsher.Edward 595 

Carpenter,  Richard  C 596 

Chute,  William  H 596 

Craig,  John  E 597 

Carpenter,  Lewis  F 597 

Clase,  Samuel,  Lieutenant 598 

Crealman,  Hazlet,  Sergeant 602 

Chadwick,  William  B.,  House  Sergeant..  602 

Cummings,  James,  House  Sergeant 602 

Craighead,  Alfred,  House  Sergeant 602 

Crupp,  Edward,  Special  Officer 603 

Creighton,  James  B 604 

Crosta,  Charles  R 605 

Creighton,  Robert 6J6 

Charlton,  Charles  P.,  Patrol  Sergeant 611 

Cowden,  Joseph  E 617 

Currie,  Lewis (U7 

Corson,  Edward IF. <WS 

Coolidge,  Henry 632 

Caseley,  William 632 

Crossley,  Samuel 639 

Donaghy,  James  L,  Detective 282 

Duchar,  James  J.,  Reserve 358 

Dougherty,  William  A.,  Reserve 359 

Dannenhauer,  William  J.,  Reserve 361 

Dawson,  Lewis  E.,  Reserve 363 

Dever,  William 370 

Dever,  Samuel 372 

Dean,  George 406 

Dillon,  Boicey 406 

Dawson,Edward  J 418 

Decker,  Charles 418 

Dillard,  James  W 423 

Deal,  Abraham 444 

Durham,  Elijah 445 

Durell, Samuel  W 455 

Ditman,  William 457 

Durham,  Wittington 464 

Donnelly,  James 464 

Dougherty,  James,  House  Sergeant 472 

Donavan,  Edgar  A 486 

Deperven,  Georsre  W.,  House  Sergeant...  490 

Davis,  George  W 494 

Dalton,  Michael  F 495 

Dunlap,  Lewis  J.,  House  Sergeant 501 

Dunnohew,  John  B 503 

Desmond,  Daniel 504 

Davis,  William  F 514 

Dungan,  William  L.,  Lieutenant 517 

Daniels,  Cyrus  0 521 

Dingier,  George 522 


Dean,  James  A 523 

Davis,  Daniel  C 531 

Dearie  James  K 532 

Doud,  Charles 533 

Dankel,  William  11 534 

Daley,  John,  Special  Officer 534 

Dickinson,  Harry 536 

Downs,  James 540 

Doll.  John 549 

DeHaven,  John  B 550 

Dotson,  Jeremiah 557 

Dougherty,  Hugh 558 

Doster,  John 566 

Donohue,  James 566 

Doanagha,  Edward  J.,  House  Sergeant...  574 

Dugan,  Cornelius 576 

Dales,  William 576 

Davis,  Levi  H 576 

Dougherty,  Daniel 577 

Davis,  Jabez  B 579 

Darling,  Howard  It.,  House  Sergeant 584 

Diver,  Edward 584 

Downing,  John 603 

Dickel,  John 604 

Dallas,  Joseph  H.,  Sergeant 608 

Davis,  James  C.,  Patrol  Sergeant 611 

Dittert,  Henry  B 616 

Duey,  Andrew  N.,  Pilot 639 

Edgar,  Charles  B.,  Captain 331 

Eckstein,  Theodore  C.,  Detective 292 

Eberhardt,  Leonardt,  Reserve 357 

Elliott,  William,  J 368 

Bill,  Harry 370 

Emery,  Jo'hn  W.,  Fire  Marshal 320 

Endress,  Charles 387 

Eberle,  Christian 418 

Evans,  Frank  M.,  House  Sergeant 423 

Evans,  George  B.,  House  Sergeant 423 

Eagan,  Andrew,  Sergeant 431 

Edwards.  Charles,  Special  Officer 443 

Engle,  Amos  A 446 

Ellender,  Frank 456 

Eakins,  George  E 484 

Ehrman,  Nicholas,  Special  Officer 490 

Elliott,  Fergus,  House  Sergeant 511 

Enoch,  William 521 

Earl,  Richard  B 523 

Emerick,  William 549 

Emery,  Conrad,  Sergeant 563 

Early,  William,  Special  Officer 564 

Egolf,  Charles,  Sergeant 584 

Elfrey,  George 593 

Elliott,  Daniel  S 594 

Enders,  Henry,  Sergeant 602 

Eakens,  Samuel 604 

Eastburn,  Benjamin  F 605 

Eusterday,  John 605 

Ehresman,  John  T 606 

Ellingsworth,  Thomas 616 

Edwards,  Edward,  Pilot 635 

Fell,  William  F.,  Inspection  Clerk 246 

Forsyth,  Gilbert  L.,  Reserve 357 

Flynn,  Alexander,  Reserve 359 

Fowler,  Henry 373 

Fowler,  Joseph 407 

Forestal,  John 408 

Fisher,  Charles  W 409 

Fow,  Edward  A 415 

Frowert,  Howard  P 416 

Flynn,  Dennis 424 

Fulton,  George 424 

Files,  Peter  L 425 

Foreman,  George 426 


664 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


Fill,  Alfred 426 

Ford,  Samuel  G-.,  Sergeant 431 

French,  Henry 435 

Field,  Charles  H 436 

Finch,  James  C 444 

Fiss,  Augustus 445 

Fulmer.  Edward  T.,  House  Sergeant 451 

Freas,  Albanus 454 

Foster,  George 463 

Fontain,  Edward  W 486 

Fusselbach,  William  D 493 

Fries,  G.J 494 

Fullerton,  James 504 

Fraley,  Eittenhouse,  House  Sergeant 511 

Ford,  Samuel  D 533 

Ferguson,  James,  Lieutenant 544 

Fletcher,  Harry,  House  Sergeant 548 

Fowler,  Charles 549 

Fuller,  Frank 552 

Furlow,  Smith 557 

Fray,  James  H 559 

Fisher,  William 559 

French,  William 560 

Fell,  Thomas 567 

Falls,  William 567 

Fletcher,  Edwin  H 575 

Frease,  William  C 579 

Fulton,  Gordon,  Special  Officer 584 

Feilemeyer,  Edmund 585 

Fulmer,  Arnold 585 

Fisher,  George 587 

Fisher,  Maybery 587 

Flinn,  Thomas  L.,  House  Sergeant 592 

Freeman,  Alexander  H 596 

Flood,  Theodore 603 

Flood,  Edward 603 

Fleming,  Joseph 615 

Fenton,  John  D.,  Pilot 635 

Fenton,  William 635 

Francis,  William  H.,  Lieutenant 635 

Geyer,  Frank  P.,  Detective 295 

Grace,  Charles  R.,  Reserve 3.">9 

Geiger,  Philip,  Reserve 362 

Gruber,  Frank,  Reserve 362 

Gillingbam,  Thomas,  Reserve 363 

Gallagher,  Frank 372 

Gibson.  John 372 

Gillingham,  Lewis,  Lieutenant 374 

Grimes,  William 383 

Glass,  John 383 

Gregory,  William 385 

Goldstein,  Charles 386 

Gilfillan,  Robert 387 

Goldman,  Lewis 407 

Gillis,  Joseph 407 

Gauler,  Henry 408 

Greer,  Thomas 414 

Goss,  George 415 

Gardner,  Thonr.is  W.,  Special  Officer 416 

Greer,  George 417 

Greenwood,  John  W 418 

Gilmore,  Robert 423 

Gallagher,  Cornelius 425 

Gibson,  James 425 

Goldie,  John  A 426 

Gallagher.  Joseph 426 

Grassell,  Charles 437 

Gardner,  Thomas  E 4:;8 

Goodhart,  George,  House  Sergeant 451 

Graeff,  William 454 

Grinnage,  James 456 

Green.  Joseph  P.,  Lieutenant 457 

Griffith,  Archibald 461 

Griffith,  John  P 462 


Green,  William  H 465 

Govens,  E.  H 465 

Gilbert,  George  W.,  Sergeant 481 

Garton,  Ananias 482 

Graham,  Robert 485 

Gutgsell,  Charles 491 

George,  Edward 491 

Goodwin,  John  B 492 

Gillespie,  Edward 493 

Gibson,  Reginald  H 496 

Goldstein,  J.  C 496 

Glending,  George 502 

Green,  William 502 

Greene,  Israels 504 

Guyer,  William 512 

Gentry,  Charles  D 512 

Glassey,  James 512 

Greaves,  Joshua 513 

Gregory,  James  A 514 

Gumpert,  William 531 

Green,  Richard 532 

Glassey,  James 534 

Green,  William 542 

Gpurley,  Samuel, 552 

Gillespie,  Samuel 565 

Goddard,  Charles 565 

Gartley,  Horace 569 

Gibson,  Edward  H.,  House  Sergeant 574 

Green,  Daniel '. 57.) 

Gilmore,  William  H 578 

Good,  Henry 587 

Godwin,  William  L 595 

Gordon,  George  F.,  Message  Ch'rk 601 

Green,  Richard  F 601 

Gaskill,  Ellis 604 

Gibb,  William 614 

Grimes,  William,  Jr 614 

Gleason,  Robert 616 

Gorman,  James 617 

Houser,  Joseph,  Detective 274^ 

Hulfish,  William  R.,  Detective 286 

Hollsworth,  William,  Reserve 361 

Humphries,  John,  Reserve 362 

Humphries,  Henry,  Reserve 363 

Haplitz,  Alfred  J 369 

Hunter,  William 372 

Hagan,  Patrick,  Special  Officer 378 

Hunterson,  Adam 379 

Harrington,  D.  F 383 

Hamm,  Albert 386 

Hattenfield,  James 386 

Hunter,  Wesley 388 

Haring,  William  ]?.,  House  Sergeant 402 

Hillary,  George,  Patrol  Sergeant 402 

Haggerty,  John 405 

Hurst,  William  A 406 

Harvey.  Henry 406 

Hazzard,  George  H 408 

Hughes,  William 409 

Hewitt,  Richard  B.,  Sergeant 413 

Henkle,  Henry 415 

Hughes,  Frank  J 418 

Hartley,  John 419 

Hempblll,  Benjamin 425 

Haggerty,  William  W 425 

Henson,  William 426 

Humphries,  Henry 433 

Haslett,  William 434 

Hodgson,  Joseph  C 434 

Hallowell,  Albert 4S7 

Hartshorne,  John  W 437 

Henry,  Frank 438 

Herwig,  Lewis 414 

Himeback,  William 445 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


665 


Hunt,  Charles, 446 

Hausemann,  John 446 

Husted,  James  H 446 

Hiuson,  George  B.,  Sergeant 450 

Hoffman,  John,  Special  Officer 451 

Hoffman,  Lewis 4.~><; 

Humphries,  George  D.,  Special  Officer....  461 

Haworth,  William 462 

Hickley,  Charles 462 

Hamilton,  William  C 464 

Hamilton,  William  H 465 

Hughes,  Charles 465 

Hollingsworth,  Joshua 473 

Henry,  William 473 

Herse'y,  William  S 474 

Heft,  Charles 474 

Harriug,  Samuel  B 475 

Hilsee,  George  W 475 

Harmer,  John  W 482 

Hamiuitt,  Isaac 483 

Harren,  John 483 

Howell,  William  J 483 

Haslett,  James  H 486 

Hall,  Andrew  J 494 

Hoster,  William  II 495 

Hemminger,  Michael 496 

Hornby,  William  H.,  House  Sergeant....  501 

Highley.John  R 503 

Heins,  "Nicholas 512 

Hamilton,  Myers  F 512 

Hargreaves,  Henry 513 

Houston,  William 514 

Hess,  Jacob  D 515 

Hollingsworth,  McKee 515 

Hossefrass,  William 515 

Harpham,  Thomas 516 

Hansom,  Albert,  Sergeant 518 

Haines,  Edward 523 

Huckel,  Charles  H 524 

Homer,  William  J 524 

Hoopes,  Pratt 533 

Hogan,  Edward 534 

Henry,  Robert 534 

Harbfidge,  John 534 

Hall,  Charles  S 541 

Henry,  Hugh 548 

Hoffman,  John 549 

Hunicker,  Charles  W 550 

Hamilton,  Andrews 552 

Hollingsworth,  William 553 

Hance,  George  W.,  Sergeant 554 

Harris,  Winfield 557 

Hesson,  James 5»i6 

Howarth,  Joseph 566 

Himes,  Eleazor 566 

Hutchison,  James 567 

Hamilton,  George 568 

Hamilton,  William 568 

Hansell,  John  C.,  Sergeant 574 

Harvey,  John  A 575 

Hoopes,  John  M 576 

Hopkins,  Joseph  H 576 

Hollander,  Andrew 578 

Hallowell,  John,  Sergeant 584 

Hoopes,  William 586 

Henninger,  Frederick 587 

Horrock,  Harry 587 

Hill,  John  F...". 593 

Humes,  Charles 593 

Hynes,  Benjamin  F 595 

Howard,  Oventou 595 

Hart,  Albert  A 596 

Hannum,  Samuel  R 596 

Hallowell,  Joseph  H 596 

Harmer,  William  L.,  House  Sergeant 602 


Harper.  John  L 603 

Holland,  Charles 603 

Haspel,  Lewis  A 604 

Hoyle,  Samuel RD7 

Hemphill,  William  U.,  Special  Officer....  611 
Harkisheimer,  Andrew  J 615 


Hesser,  Frank 615 

Hunt,  Lloyd  J.,  Jr 617 

Henley,  Spencer 618 

Hargreaves,  George  A 636 

Hinds,  Thomas  J 636 

Hyland,  Patrick  F 639 

Hagan,  Michael,  Pilot 639 

Ingrain,  Taylor  B.,  Reserve 360 

Irwin,  William  H.,  House  Sergeant 423 

Irwin,  William  J 464 


Irwin,  Hugh 541 

Ipe,  James  J 559 

Iseminger,  George 617 

Jackaway,  James  A.,  Reserve 357 

Jones,  Albert  R.,  Reserve 357 

Jones,  George  W.,  Reserve 358 

Johnston,  George  W 369 

Johnston,  Richard 371 

Johnston,  James 371 

Johnston,  Robert 388 

Jones,  George  W.,  House  Sergeant 402 

Jones,  Daniel 406 

Jefleries,  George  W 408 

Jones,  Nathan  C 408 

Jahraus,  Charles,  House  Sergeant 432 

Johnson,  John  A 443 

Jarvis,  Joseph 476 

Jones,  Thomas  R 483 

Jackson,  George 483 

Jones,  Peter  D 484 

Jones,  Samuel 484 

Jones,  William  W 485 

Jeffries,  John,  Sergeant 489 

Jump,  Henry 492 

Jones,  William 502 

Jacoby,  Daniel  S 503 

Jefferson,  William  J 521 

Johnson,  William 522 

Johnson,  William  H 523 

Johnston,  William  D 531 

Jackson,  John  R 532 

Jackson,  Lawrence 540 

James,  Charles,  Special  Officer 564 

Jackson,  Hugh 568 

Johnson,  James  K 578 

Johnson,  John 585 

Jeffers,  Theodore 586 

Johnston,  Thomas  G 594 

Johnson,  John  R 594 

Johnston,  A.  M 604 

Johnson,  George  W 606 

Jamison,  Thomas 607 

Jenney,  Edward 632 

Kelly,  Francis  R,,  Chief  Detectives 255 

Kendig,  Daniel,  Reserve 359 

Keyser,  Sylvester,  Reserve 361 

Krall,  Harry 370 

Keene,  Louis  E 370 

Keyser,  H.  F 380 

Keegan,  William  H..., 386 

Keegan,  John 387 

Krider,  Thomas  H 388 

Kenny,  Roger 406 

Kearney,  William 408 

Knight",  George  H 408 

Kelley,  Joseph 409 


666 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


Kennedy,  William  P 414 

Kelley,  George  E 417 

King.  John,  Sergeant 420 

Krinks,  Joseph  L 423 

Kelley,  Joseph  S 426 

Keefe,  James  A 434 

Kagle,  William 446 

Keaton,  John,  Special  Officer 451 

Kahlhofer,  William 453 

Ketler,  Charles  C 454 

Kern,  John 456 

Kennedy,  Thomas 462 

Keller,  Christian 474 

Kirby,  James 474 

Kenney,  Charles  C.,  Special  Officer 481 

Kleinguenther,  Christian,  Jr 485 

Kimble,  Nathan  S.,  Lieutenant 486 

Kalover,  Philip 492 

Knecht,  William 493 

Kirch,  Jacob 494 

Kenworthy,  James  W 502 

Kline,  John 502 

Kinder,  John 503 

Kinder.  Henry 504 

Kee,  William 512 

Kephart,  Alfred 514 

Keho,  Thomas  H.,  House  Sergeant 518 

Krisher,  John  H 521 

Kreitzer,  Frederick 522 

Kuukle,  Charles  E 531 

Kelley,  Martin  F 540 

Kilpatrick,  Frank  (No.  2.) 541 

Kessler,  Euianuel  W 542 

Kilpatrick,  Frank  (No.  1.) 543 

Kennedy,  Christopher 543 

Kline,  Joseph 552 

Keegan,  Thomas 557 

Kemon,  Socrates  F 557 

Keeley,  James  J 559 

Kirk,  Franklin 566 

Keile,  Robert 568 

Kirk,  Albert 568 

Kane,  James 576 

Kelley,  James  H 576 

Kister,  Samuel,  House  Sergeant 584 

Keyser,  John 586 

Kassel,  William 586 

Kincade.  Robert  W 605 

Krimmel,  William  H 606 

Kitchenman,  James 607 

Koester,  Frederick  W 614 

Kingston,  Richard 618 

Kiner,  Phillip 618 

Lauber,  Isaac  J.,  Reserve 356 

Leaden,  Francis  J.,  Reserve 360 

Little,  John 369 

Lockhart,  Robert  R 372 

Lynch,  John  W.,  Sergeant 377 

Long,  William  E 380 

Lyons.  John  H 385 

Lilly,  Horace  W 385 

Linton.  James  S.,  Special  Officer 303 

Lamb,  William  F 386 

Lybrand,  Montraville 386 

Long,  William  H 408 

Lewis,  James  W 414 

Lister,  William  H 416 

Lowry,  John  J 419 

Lister,  Edward 434 

Lenoir,  Frederick,  Special  Officer 435 

Lockrey,  George  W 437 

Lynn,  Bernard 444 

LaTurneau,  Charles 446 

Leutwine,  George,  Sergeant 450 


Lex,  John •;">:', 

Lewis,  George  W 454 

Lacey,  John  H 4~>t 

Lewis,  Frank 45ti 

Lenoir,  Thomas  J 450 

Lovett,  William 457 

Logan,  Philip 4'33 

Lewis,  E.  C 463 

Layre,  Harry 475 

Linthicum,  Joseph,  House  Sergeant 481 

Luffbarry,  John .•: 482 

Lutz,  Conrad 484 

Lukens,  Stephen 492 

Lindeman,  Frederick 494 

Lefferts,  Samuel 495 

Lawrence,  George  W 495 

Lush,  William  II.,  S.-rgeant 501 

Lawrence,  Winfleld  S.,  House  Sergeant..  501 

Levering,  Samuel 504 

Lorimer,  James 512 

Ladley,  Samuel 513 

Le well vn,  George 514 

Lauard,  Daniel  W.,  Sergeant 518 

Lee,  James  W 524 

Long,  John 333 

Leach,  John 533 

Lord,  William  R.  B.,  Patrol  Sergeant 535 

Lee,  Aaron 535 

Lewis,  Daniel 535 

Latch,  Jacob 535 

Lanahan,  Patrick  H  535 

Lafferty,  John 540 

Lower,  John 549 

Lanahan,  Michael  H 553 

Ladley,  A.  A 553 

Logan,  Henry  H. 


,     .  .  557 

Latta,  John 557 

Leithgow,  George 567 

Leonard,  Richard 568 

Lat tinier,  John,  Patrol  Sergeant 574 

Lafferty,  Wharton  F.,  House  Sergeant...  584 

Lyons," Edward  M.,  Lieutenant 587 

Leeds,  Mark 596 

Lukens,  Samuel  B (505 

Liggett,  Robert 605 

Lewis,  Edward  T.,  House  Sergeant 611 

Lynn,  James  A 632 

Lilley,  O.  W 632 

Mintzhouser,  Henry  Clay,  Detective 2% 

Miller,  Peter,  Detective 277 

Malin,  Edward  W.,  Sergeant 355 

Murphy,  N.  P.,  House  Sergeant 356 

Moffit,  Robert.  Reserve 859 

Mitchell,  William  D.,  Reserve 359 

Miller,  Samuel  L.,  Reserve 362 

Mervine,  George  W.,  Reserve 363 

McCurdy,  Thomas  F 369 

McCandless,  John  C 369 

Murdock,  John 371 

McKenty,  Robert :...  371 

Miller,  Thomas 371 

McBeth,  W.  K 372 

Murphy,  Charles  J 379 

McCloskey,  William 380 

Myers,  John  A 383 

Morrison,  Jeffrey  C 385 

McCandless,  David  R 373 

Moore,  Daniel 373 

Moore,  Zachary  T 386 

Metz.  James 387 


Morrow,  William 387 

Malatesta,  Joseph,  Captain 388 

Moore,  Thomas,  Sergeant 402 

McCloskey,  Harry,  Sergeant 402 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


667 


Millington,  Alfred,  Patrol  Sergeant 405 

Murphy,  Maurice 406 

Malatesta,  James 407 

Mickens,  Frederick 407 

Moody,' John 409 

Maneuver,  Louis 409 

McConnell,  John 410 

Maloney,  Samuel  J 410 

Marlow,  Alfred  T.,  HooaeSergeuH 414 

McGuire,  Michael 414 

Muegge.  John 415 

McNaulty.  Edward 415 

MacNeil,  Daniel  J 418 

Millet,  Harry  F 418 

Matthews,  William  T.,  Sergeant 420 

Murray,  John,  Special  Officer 423 

Milligan,  Thomas 423 

Mansfield,  J.  C 424 

McCran,  Thomas 424 

Mehaffy,  Thomas 424 

Miller,  Thomas  W 424 

Morgan,  Jacob 425 

McNulty,  Alexander 427 

Myers,  William  H.,  Special  Officer 433 

Mock,  Edward 434 

McCalley,  Robert 434 

Myers,  Lewis 438 

Magee,  Thomas 443 

Moser,  William 444 

Mais,  George 444 

Maucher,  Joseph 444 

Mahoney,"  Jeremiah 445 

McCreedy,  Thomas 446 

McFarland,  Andrew 455 

Moore,  Isaac,  Sergeant 460 

Mitchell,  William 461 

McManes,  Benjamin 461 

Mitchell,  William 461 

Morgan,  George 462 

Miller,  John 462 

McEwan,  George 462 

Morris,  George  W 463 

Moffit,  Robert 463 

McKenna,  John 464 

McCorkell,  William 464 

Malcoruson,  John 465 

McClain,  John,  Sergeant 471 

Muth,  August 472 

Mulholland,  Samuel 472 

McCarron,  Matthew 473 

Mills,  John 474 

Morwood,  William  N 475 

McMahon,  Patrick 476 

Mulvey,  James  H 476 

Murray,  William,  Sergeant 481 

McLees,  Thomas 484 

Myers,  Dallas 484 

Mossr  William  H 491 

Merchant,  James  E 491 

Martin,  William  J 493 

Mover,  George 502 

Metzler,  Peter 503 

McKane,  William 504 

Maxwell,  Joseph,  Sergeant 510 

Magee,  John  H 512 

Morton,  Henry 512 

Maxheimer,  Frank 513 

Maxwell,  Salvador 513 

Menough,  James  F 513 

Murray,  Malcolm,  House  Sergeant 518 

McCoo'l,  Henry  W 522 

Myers,  George  W 522 

Markley,  Thomas  J 522 

Myers,  Charles  If 523 

McDowell,  William,  Sergeant 529 


McKinley,  William  A.,  Special  Officer....  530 

Mars,  He'nry 531 

McKinley,  Joseph 532 

Morrison,  John 533 

McFarland,  William 533 

McGirr,  Andrew 534 

Miller,  Jacob,  Special  Officer 534 

Miller,  William  R 535 

McCoach,  David,  Sergeant 539 

Moore,  Isaac  M 540 

McFetridge,  George 541 

Maharg,  John  A 542 

McAvoy,  William  H 542 

Mclntosh,  William 542 

Mclutyre,  Adam 543 

Mink,  George  S 543 

McKinney,  James 543 

McGarvey,  Leonard,  Sergeant 548 

McKibben,  John 548 

Milligan,  George 548 

McGill,  Andrew 550 

Myers,  Daniel 550 

Magee,  James, 551 

Mason,  William 551 

McCloskey,  Thomas 551 

Mackell,  James 551 

Miller,  William 551 

McKibben,  George,  Sergeant 554 

McLaughlin,  James,  Special  Officer 554 

Miller,  James 557 

McCann,  Edward 558 

Murray,  Richard 559 

McKelvey,  Robert 559 

Myers,  John  K.,  Lieutenant 560 

Morgan,  Nathaniel 567 

Martin,  Samuel 567 

McNabb,  Walter 575 

Makemson,  Peter 575 

Marshall,  George  S 576 

Myers,  John  T .' 576 

Morgan,  Frank 577 


Murphy,  John  A 577 

McKelvey,  James.. 577 

Martin,  William 578 

Moore,  Matthew 578 

McClure,  James,  Sergeant 583 

Miller,  Jacob 585 

Miller.John 586 

Myers,  Henry 586 

McNeely,  George 586 

McGregor,  William 594 

McCorkle,  Samuel 594 

Mercer,  Eber  T 594 

McFarland,  George 595 

Murray,  Daniel 595 

Mower,  Jacob  W 596 

Mawhiuney,  George 605 

Makin,  Lewis 605 

McClintock,  William 605 

McConnell,  Thomas 606 

Moore,  William  H 606 

Miller,  Charles  W 606 

Mactague,  William  B.,  House  Sergeant...  611 

Mason,  Thomas 614 

Middleton,  Aaron 615 

Mitchell,  Thomas  R 615 

Maybery,  George  W 616 

Meyers,  Andrew 616 

Meyers,  Harvey  K 616 

Meyers,  William  F 616 

McMasters,  John 616 

Mitchell,  Daniel 617 

Miskell,  Edwin  H 618 

Moore,  Asher  A 618 

Moore,  George,  Lieutenant 620 


668 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


Martin,  James 632 

McCaw,  James 636 

McKelvey,  Kobert 636 

Malampy,  William  II.,  Special  Officer 640 

Newman,  Thomas  H.,  Reserve 358 

Nicholson,  John  A.,  Reserve 362 

Nicholson,  Thomas,  Reserve 363 

Newman,  Thomas 369 

Nutt,  John 379 

Nagel,  William 415 

Nilan,  Thomas  F 415 

Nesper,  Jacob 416 

Nollinger,  Frederick 416 

Noblit,  H.  C 410 

Nevins,  Henry 436 

Nunnemaker,  John 452 

Nagle,  William  H 461 

Newton,  William.. 473 

Norris,  Charles  T 485 

Nunemaker,  James  H 492 

Nippes,  William  P 493 

Nice,  Jacob  R 503 

Neilson,  Thomas,  Sergeant 511 

Neff,  Jacob  J 543 

Neel,  Davis 559 

Note.  Harry 575 

Needs,  Peter  C 578 

Norbury,  John  H.,  Sergeant 592 

Nice,  John  P 605 

Nichols,  Jacob 617 

Nash,  John  H 639 

Oechslin,  Jacob 414 

O'Boyle,  John 426 

Orr,  James 432 

O'Neil,  James 436 

Ogle,  Edwin 445 

Orr,  Robert 465 

Ochs,  Benjamin 47<> 

Oler,  Henry  L 492 

Ornie,  Nathaniel 514 

Ormiston,  Adam 514 

Oldham,  James 524 

Orr,  Samuel  W 540 

Orr,  Joseph 541 

Ortman,  William 550 

Orr.  Moses 558 

O'Harra,  James 560 

Orf,  Adolph,  Patrol  Sergeant 563 

Orr,  William f,ii7 

Osterheldt,  Frederick  G 57.3 

O'Donnel,  Richard  H.,  House  Sergeant...  611 

Patton,  John,  Reserve 361 

Proctor,  James 370 

Peterman,  John  C.,  Sergeant 377 

Pope,  Charles  S.,  House  Sergeant 378 

Preole,  Lewis  K 380 

Philibert,  Julius 385 

Paul,  William 386 

Penniman,  William  C 406 

Patterson,  Henry  C 407 

Pleasants,  Charles 424 

Potts,  B.  Frank 425 

Pollock,  Samuel  G 436 

Pearson,  John  C 437 

Palmer,  Henry 438 

Pemberton,  John  A.,  Sergeant 44f 

Painter,  Harry,  House  Sergeant 440 

Peacock,  Edward 444 

Pearcy,  Thomas 445 

Phillips,  Frank 446 

Patton,  John 452 

Peterson,  Juhu  F 46:! 


Patterson,  Thomas 465 

Pelham,  William 466 

Peterman.  George 474 

Prifold,  Philip 474 

Price,  Samuel  J 482 

Pidgeon,  John  H 483 

Peterson,  Thomas 486 

Pearson,  Samuel 491 

Peterman,  Augustus 503 

Painter  George 503 

Pontius,  Joseph 504 

Pullinger,  Thomas 513 

Price,  Edwin  II 523 

Palmer,  William  G 533 

Prior,  William,  House  Sergeant 539 

Paul,  John 540 

Purse,  Oliver  P 541 

Peters,  George 549 

Patterson,  James 559 

Parker,  Marshall 559 

Preston,  William  B 560 

Patterson,  Thomas 566 

Pickup,  William 567 

Palmer,  James 587 

Peel.Fiirgus 587 

Peterson,  Charles,  House  Sergeant 592 

Parker,  Thomas  J 594 

Plumer,  Thomas  P 594 

Perry,  George  W 603 

Palmer,  John 604 

Paul,  Joseph 604 

Paul,  James  C 605 

Patton,  Hugh 606 

Patterson,  JohnB.,  Lieutenant 607 

Phillipe,  Samuel 618 

Pole,  Henry 632 

Price,  Samuel  C 639 

Quirk,  Harry  M.,  Captain 337 

Quinten,  Theodore,  Reserve 362 

Querns,  Job 


Quick,  Harry 548 

Quin,  Joseph  B 614 

Quin.JohnB 617 

Rhodes,  Charles  H.,  House  Sergeant 356 

Reiff,  Jacob  P.,  Reserve 358 

Rollings,  John,  Reserve 360 

Redmond,  James  C 380 

Roney,  Charles  S 380 

Rank'in,  William 373 

Rudge,  John 387 

Roach,  David 387 

Roche,  David  B.,  Lieutenant 401 

Reeves,  William 409 

Russell,  William  S 409 

Redding,  John... 414 

Russel,  John 415 

Runtnagle,  Valentine 418 

Raiden,  John 424 

Robinson,  Joseph 424 

Rulon,  Harry  E.,  Special  Officer... 432 

Rose,  William 435 

Redmond,  Timothy 4*5 

Randall,  John  M 437 

Robb,  John 444 

Rennerd,  Elisha 453 

Ritchie,  John 454 

Hobinson,  Edward 456 

Rhoades,  M.  L.  C -t5(i 

Richards,  George  W 456 

Richards,  Andrew  M.,  Special  Officer 4f,l 

Richards,  John  II 462 

Rothermel,  John 463 

Rooiiey,  John 404 


INDBX    TO    POT-ICEMEN. 


669 


Ralston,  Joseph 466 

Remy,  Lewis 473 

Rue,  Lewis  S 474 

Retter,  Frederick 475 

Roach,  Edward 485 

Ransom,  George  W 41U 

Run,  Harrv 4!ci 

Rutherford,  Joseph 494 

Reeves,  Nathaniel  G 4:'4 

Reed,  Thomas 495 

Rourke,  William  0 496 

Reger,  Levi  S.,  Sergeant 501 

Roberts,  Arthur 502 

Reibel,  Harry  F 503 

Rowley,  David 503 

Rousher,  Charles 503 

Reese,  August 5(4 

Robinson,  Samuel 504 

Riley,  Charles  S 522 

Robinson,  James  B.,  House  Sergeant 529 

Rose,  William 531 

Robinson,  William  S 532 

Ritchie,  George 540 

Rodgers,  William  B 54:! 

Ross,  John 548 

Rittenhouse,  Jacob 549 

Rittenhouse,  Henry 550 

Robertson,  Daniel 550 

Reis,  Frank 551 

Ratio,  Joseph 559 

Reeves,  James 565 

Redmond,  John 567 

Ralston,  Alexander 568 

Roan,  William  R 576 

Rees,  Morris  F 576 

Robinson,  George 577 

Richardson,  William 578 

Reed,  Edgar  S.,  House  Sergeant 584 

Rainey,  John 585 

Rice,  Joseph 586 

Rusk,  Samuel 587 

Reed,  John,  Sergeant 601 

Rittenhouse,  Edward 603 

Rhodes,  John 607 

Rementer,  Peter 615 

Richman,  George 617 

Reichner,  Richard  P 617 

Reilly,  Thomas  N 618 

Rittenhouse,  Godfrey 632 

Stewart,  James,  Jr.,  Chief  Police 226 

Strunk.  Uriah,  Reserve 357 

Smith,  Thomas  M.,  Reserve 358 

Swope,  John  H.,  Reserve 361 

Search,  AVilliam,  Reserve 361 

Scholtz,  Lafayette,  Reserve 362 

Smith,  Samuel 369 

Shivers,  William 370 

Scanlan,  James  C 379 

Spencer,  James 380 

Silbert,  Joseph  H 383 

Smith,  Lewis  W 385 

Schannon,  Thomas 385 

Stanwood,  Henry  T.,  Detective 303 

Smith.  Hugh : 386 

Schaeffer,  Conrad 386 

Sbarbaro,  John 386 

Siemers,  Robert  J 387 

Slater,  John  F.,  Special  Officer 387 

Smith,  Richard  H 388 

Schaffer,  Nicholas 406 

Shields,  William  H.,  Lieutenant 410 

Shourds,  Benjamin,  Sergeant 413 

Stevenson,  Charles  E 415 

Synan,  Peter  J 415 


Speiskey,  August 416 

Shourds",  Harry  D 417 

Stafford,  Edward....: 417 

Storey,  Joseph 417 


Stuart,  Samuel  C 423 

Stetten,  Arthur 425 

Sheridan,  Thomas 425 

Spuders,  William  i> 434 

Simpson,  Bowman 436 

Smith,  William  H 437 

Smith,  William  L.,  Lieutenant 439 

Steel,  Charles  W 444 

Stine,  Edward 445 

Snyder,  Charles 445 

Smith,  George  W.,  Lieutenant , 449 

Sheridan,  Matthew 453 

Smith,  Isaac  H 453 

Senior,  William 453 

Silber,  Earnest 454 

Snyder,  John 456 

Schober,  Frederick  W 457 

Shilling,  Joseph,  Sergeant 460 

Shaffer,  Charles  H.,  House  Sergeant 461 

Smith,  George  W.,  House  Sergeant 461 

Stanton,  John  J 462 

Supplee,  John  A 462 

Snyder,  George  A 463 

Snyder,  George  T 463 

Steel,  David 463 

Souder,  George  W.  W 463 

Snodgrass,  William  F 465 

Spirtzel,  Harry 465 

Stratton,  Henry 466 

Steck,  William  C.,  Sergeant 471 

Smith,  Henry 473 

Stirk,  Henry  A 474 

Semler,  Charles 475 

Sexsmith,  Daniel 475 

Smith,  David  T 476 

Stirk.  James  C 476 

Sell,  George  W 477 

Sexton,  Charles  F 477 

Strockbine,  Joseph 482 

Stafford,  Thomas  L 486 

Schenck,  Christian 492 

Schaefer,  John  M 492 

Spillman,  William  F 493 

Simpson,  Harry  C 495 

Swartley,  Henry 503 

Streibig,  Casper. 504 

Sanderson,  Adam,  Sergeant 511 

Shaw,  Charles,  House  Sergeant 511 

Skilton,  Oliver,  House  Sergeant 611 

Strouse,  Casper 512 

Stephen,  John 513 

Strubel,  William  A 513 

Steinmetz,  Jacob  L 514 

Saddington,  Bateman 515 

Smith,  James  J 515 

Stott,  William 515 

Sibson,  William  A 515 

Stafford,  Thomas 515 

Shriver,  William  U 516 

Smith,  Henry  C 516 

Strouse,  Abraham  K 516 

Shallcross,  Charles  B.,  House  Sergeant...  518 

Smith,  George  Henry 523 

Shelmire,  John  A 524 

Shields,  William  J 524 

Stephens,  Samuel,  Special  Officer 530 

Stringfield,  Morris  M 532 

Sline,  Jacob 532 

Smedley,  George  H 533 

Seacrist,  Henry  C 533 

Shriner,  William  C 534 


670 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


Springfield,  James  T 534 

Smith,  Augustus  W 534 

Stine,  James 534 

Smiley,  David  S 535 

Simon,  Henry 540 

Smith,  Harry 542 

Shetzline,  Jacob 543 

Snyder,  Charles  I. .Sergeant 547 

Spealer,  William 549 

Steele,  Albert 549 

Sheetz,  John 549 

Stinson,  John 550 

Summers,  Charles 550 

Shaffer,  John 550 

Stewart,  Henry 551 

Stites,  James  F 551 

Sipple,  Lawrence 551 

Stewart,  Robert  J 552 

Schenkel,  Frank  P 552 

Spangler,  Isaac 552 

Skilton,  Alexander,  Lieutenant...*. 55.3 

Stewart,  Robert  A 5o8 

Sharper,  George  T 558 

Smith,  William  M 558 

Stockman,  James  C 558 

Sessinger,  George  B.,  House  Sergeant 563 

Smith,  Andrew 566 

Shinn,  Clifford 567 

Savage,  Robert 568 

Simpson,  Augustus,  House  Sergeant 574 

Smith,  John  U 575 

Smith,  William  J 575 

Sage,  Theodore  M 576 

Smith,  E.  J 577 

Smith,  Jeremiah 577 

Swearingen,  Alonzo  V 57& 

Smith,  George 585 

Smith,  John 585 

Stiles,  Thomas 585 

Smith,  John  E 585 

Smith,  Thomas  M...". 586 

Smith,  Benjamin  C 586 

Snyder,  Joseph 586 

Sayres,  William 587 

Snyder,  William  T 587 

Stiles,  James 593 

Sharp,  George  W 594 

Smyth,  William  H 596 

Stiles,  John  F 597 

Shedden,  John,  Chief  Equipm't  Bureau..  601 

Schmidt,  John 603 

Schwartz,  Frederick 604 

Sanders,  Charles  A  ....  605 

Strouse,  Charles  F 605 

Starts,  John 607 

Simons,  Louis 607 

Sherrard,  John 614 

Sims,  John  J 614 

Slook,  George 616 

Severn,  John  L 617 

Scliafler,  Henry  B 617 

Smith,  Charles 618 

Snyder.  Albert 618 

Spearing,  Edward 635 

Small,  James 63o 

Smith,  Purnell  B.,  Sergeant 636 

Sibert,  Samuel 639 

Swift,  William  A 639 

Thompson,  Joseph  W.,  Clerk  to  Chief.....  245 

Tate,  James,  Detective 294 

Thornton,  John  B 408 

Taylor,  Robert 409 

Taylor,  George  W.,  House  Sergeant 413 

Turner,  George  C 416 


Thau,  Herman 417 

Tolson,  C.  V 425 

Thomas,  Cornelius  A 425 

Thayer,  Joseph 436 

Trace,  Casper 4.>4 

Tomkins,  Theodore  T 456 

Torrey,  Robert 45(1 

Thorne,  James  L 464 

Toner,  John 465 

Taylor,  Samuel 475 

Tyson,  George  W 483 

Tyson,  William  D 492 

Taylor,  James  R 492 

Thornton,  Samuel,  House  Sergeant 502 

Tomlinson,  William,  House  Sergeant 511 

Toon,  Albert  H 513 

Trout,  George  W 514 

Trampe,  Lewis,  House  Sergeant 521 

Tomlinson,  Edward 524 

Thelenberg,  William 531 

Trout,  John  S 532 

Timlin,  George 535 

Thompson,  George  W.,  Lieutenant 536 

Tomlinson,  Benjamin  A.,  Sergeant 539 

Taylor,  Benjamin 541 

Talley,  Harman 541 

Tomliuson,  Eden 551 

Taylor,  Lees 552 

Turkington,  Alexander 552 

Treude,  Philip 652 

Taylor,  John 552 

Thomas,  Joseph  H 559 

Thomson,  Henry,  Sergeant 563 

Thompson,  Josias „ 568 

Toy,  Eli  S 575 

Taylor,  Joseph 577 

Taylor,  William  S 579 

Thompson,  John 585 

Twesten,  Theodore 585 

Timmins,  David 587 

Turner,  Isaiah  E 596 

Tustin,  Charles  C 604 

Trefts,  William 607 

Usilton,  Edwin  L.,  Lieutenant 420 

Uprichard,  John 423 

Uhl,  Charles  W 483 

Uttley,John 503 

Unruh,  Jacob  H  516 

Ulrick,  George,  Patrol  Sergeant 574 

Ulrich,  Adams 585 

Voltz,  John 409 

Van  Meter,  Harry 415 

Vaughn,  Charles  H 417 

Vincent,  Daniel,  Sergeant 440 

Vaughan,  Richard 462 

Vanderslice,  Theodore,  Special  Officer....  584 

Vanroden,  William  H..~ 595 

Vache,  Napoleon  A 597 

Van  Meter,  Samuel 632 

Vogel,  Franks 635 

Vance,  Hugh  T 636 

Weir,  John,  Detective 299 

Wolf,  William  C.,  Reserve 360 

Wallace,  George  W.,  Reserve 362 

Wills,  Joseph  G.,  Reserve 362 

Warnock,  William,  Lieutenant 364 

Ware,  George 370 

Williams,  Lewis 371 

Watson,  William  B 372 

Wisner,  Edward  E 379 

Wills,  Edward  E 383 

Walk,  Filmore 387 


INDEX    TO    POLICEMEN. 


671 


Wagner,  George  A 388 

Watson,  James 388 

Walton,  James  B 407 

Wright,  John 409 

Wheeler,  Edward  P 414 

Wolfinger.  Frank  C 414 

Ward,  Wilbur 418 

Wheeler,  Alfred 418 

Wright,  William  H 419 

Woods,  John,  Patrol  Sergeant 426 

Wallrath,  Henry 426 

Walton,  Enoch  E.,  Lieutenant 427 

Wilson,  Henry  T 437 

Whiteman,  Thomas  B.,  Special  Officer...  440 

Wagner,  Gottlieb 446 

Weible,  Frank 446 

Wray,  J.  G 446 

Williams,  Charles 453 

Wilson,  John 453 

Whitney,  Joseph 453 

Williams,  James 455 

Warner,  John 455 

Ward,  Charles 455 

Winn,  Robert 457 

Wallace,  Andrew 463 

Wilhelm,  John  L 464 

Wobensmith,  Jacob 465 

Waterman,  T.  H 466 

Wilson,  Clayton  L 472 

Williamson)  Isaac  G 473 

Walls,  John  J 474 

Wright,  William 477 

Wood,  George,  Lieutenant 477 

Wilson,  Lorenzo  F.,  House  Sergeant 481 

Wood,  John  W 483 

Whitson,  John  A 484 

Wagner,  William,  Jr 486 

Webb.S.  H 486 

Weatherby,  Benjamin  F.._ 492 

Weatherbee,  Charles  D 493 

Warner,  John  S 494 

Wright,  Isaac 495 

Wood,  John 495 

Walsh,  Edward  J 496 

Ward,  Robert  H.,  Sergeant 501 

Whitesides.  Robert 502 

White,  Harry 502 

Watson,  Charles 502 

Welsh,  Bartholomew 503 

Winn,  Thomas  J 504 

Wilde,  Joseph,  House  Sergeant 511 

Woodruff,  James 513 

Wright,  John  M 514 

Wilson,  William  M olo 

Wright,  Moses  A 516 

Wells,  Johathan  B.,  House  Sergeant 518 

Wright,  James 521 

Weishaar,  William  C 523 


Wingert,  Isaac  C 524 

Wright,  James  W- 524 

Weeks,  Willett 524 

Wilson,  James  L.,  House  Sergeant 529 

White,  Charles  W 531 

White,  Samuel 532 

Wilson,  John,  Sergeant 539 

Whittingham,  George  H.,  House  bergt...  540 

Walker,  Henry 540 

Wright,  Merntt 548 

Williams,  Thomas 549 

Wilkinson,  Th&mas 551 

Weller,  William  H 557 

Webster,  William  T 557 

Wilson,  George  W 558 

Winslow,  William 5o8 

Williams, Thomas  B 559 

Wilson,  William 560 

Wilson,  Frank 565 

Weakley,  John,  Sr 566 

Weakley,  John,  Jr 567 

Wenrick,  Frank 569 

Wren,  John  T 576 

White,  Haines  S 577 

Wheeler,  Henry 578 

Williams,  John 579 

Wolf,  Henry,  Lieutenant 579 

Wilson,  Charles 585 

Wray,  Harry 585 

Wallan,  Thomas 585 

Watson,  Erie  H.,  Sergeant 592 

Wheeler,  Lewis  J _ 593 

Wharton,  John  A 593 

Woclworth,  Thomas 595 

White,  Lewis  D 597 

Weiss,  George  W.,  House  Sergeant 603 

Wolfe,  Charles 603 

Wilson,  John 605 

Weyser,  Theodore  F 606 

Worthhne,  Eli  K 606 

Wilbey,  Richard 607 

West,  Joseph  F 614 

Watt,  William  J 615 

Wagner,  William 616 

Williams,  Frank „ 639 

Wilson,  William  L 639 

Young,  James 380 

Young,  Jacob  W „ 444 

Young,  Englebert 476 

Yeomanson,  Charles 516 

Yetter,  Peter 549 

Young,  Isaac 569 

Zane,  George  B.,  House  Sergeant 377 

Zell,  Andrew 513 

Zanders,  George 587 


CAPITAL, 


91,000,000. 


-THE- 


GUARANTEE  TRUST  AND  SAFE  DEPOSIT  CO. 

316,  318,  320  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 


Is  prepared  to  rent  Safes  in  its  Fire  and  Burglar  Proof  Vaults,  (which  are  protected  by  six 
Hall  Double  Chronometer  Time  Locks,  with  non-lockout  attachment,)  at  from  $9  to  $125  per 
year.  Collect  Interest  or  Income.  Allow  Interest  on  Deposits  of  Money,  Execute  Trusts  of 
every  kind.  Holding  Trust  Funds  Separate  and  Apart  from  all  other  assets  of  the  Company. 
Receive  for  safe  Keeping,  under  Guarantee,  Valuables  of  every  description,  such  as  Coupons 
and  Registered  Bonds,  Certificates  of  Stock,  Deeds,  Mortgages,  Coin,  Silverware,  Jewelry,  etc. 
Act  as  Register  or  Transfer  Agent  of  Mining,  Railroad,  and  other  Corporation  Stocks.  Re- 
ceipt for  ancf  safely  keep  Wills  without  charge.  For  further  information,  call  at  the  office  or 
send  for  a  circular. 

THOMAS  COCHRAN,  Prest.  EDWARD  C.  KNIGHT,  V.  Prest.  JNO.  S.  BROWN,  Trcas. 

JOHN  JAY  GILROV,  Secretary.        RICHARD  C.  WINSHIP,  Trust  Officer. 

DIRECTORS  : — Thomas  Cochran,  Charles  S.  Pancoast,  Clayton  French,  Charles  S.  Hinchman, 
Edward  C.  Knight,  Thomas  Mackellar,  W.  Rotch  Wister,  William  J.  Howard,  Aaron  Fries, 
J.  Barlow  Moorhead,  John  J.  Stadiger,  Alfred  Filler,  J.  Dickinson  Sergeant. 


J.  G.  BRILL  &  Co. 


BUILDERS  OF 


RAILWAY*  AND ^RAMWAY  *  CARS, 


31st  and  Chestnut  Streets 

PHILADELPHIA,  U.  S.  A. 
Gable  Address: 
Sotd 

For  Best  Open  Car  at 


BRILL,  Philadelphia. 


New  Orleans  Exposition, 
1885. 


3ofd 

For  best  Closed  Car  at 

Chicago   Exposition    of 


Railway  Appliances, 
1  88*. 


ACCURACY  AMD  CAREFULNESS 


In  all  Details. 


FIRST-CLASS"    WORK    ONLY^ 


LARGE  STOCK 


Pulleys,  Hangers,  Shafting,  Etc., 


OUST 


Established     1848. 


Wm.  Sellers,  President ;  John  Sellers,   Jr.,  Vice-Pres.  and  Treas. 

Justus  H .  Schivacke,  Secretary  ;   J.  Sellers  Bancroft,  Manager; 

Coleman  Sellers,  Engineer  ;  D.  L.  Lukens,  Pur.  Agent. 


SELLERS  &  Co,, 


(INCORPORATED,) 

i<9QQ  HAMILTON 
-F*l^iladelphiia, 

ENGINEERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS 


IMPROVED!  MACHINE*  TOOLS 


FOR.-.  IRON.-.  AND/.  STEEL, 
SHAFTING,    PULLEYS,    HANGERS 

of 


Injectors   for   Locomotive  and    Sta- 
tionary Boilers. 


THE 


Philadelphia  Rational  Bank, 

419  421,423  CHESTNUT  STREET. 


1804. 


Capital,  $1,5OO,OOO. 


BENJAMIN  B.  COMEGYS, 
SAMUEL  WELSH, 
ALFRED  M.  COLLINS. 
J.  LIVINGSTON  ERRINGER, 
AUGUSTUS  HEATON, 
JOHN  H.  CONVERSE,  of  Bur 
RICHARD  ASHHURST, 
EDWARD  S.  CLARKE, 
EDWARD  S.  BUCKLEY, 
W.  W.  FRAZIER,  Jr., 
N.  PARKER  SHORTRIDGE, 
EDWARD  Y.  TOWNSEND, 
WM.  HENRY  TROTTER, 


Surplus,  $9OO,OOO. 


President 

of  S.  &  J.  Welsh,  Merchants 

of  A.  M.  Collins  Mfg.  Co.,  Card  Board  Manufacturers 
Prest.  Philadelphia  Trust,  Safe  Deposit  &  Ins.  Co. 
Late  of  Heaton  &  Denckla,  Hardware 
nham,  Parry,  Williams  &  Co.,  Baldwin  Locomotive  W'ks 
of  Wm.  Wharton,  Jr.  &  Co.,  Limited 
Gentleman 

Grays  Ferry  Iron  Works 

of  Harrison,  Frazier  &  Co.,  Franklin  Sugar  Refinery 
Late  of  Shortridg-e,  Borden  &  Co.,  Dry  Goods 
President  Cambria  Iron  Co. 
of  Nathan  Trotter  &  Co.,  Tin  Plate 


-Condition— October  30th,  1886,- 


Loans  and  Discounts, 
Expenses, 
Due  to  Banks, 
Cash, 

LIABILITIES 

Capital  and  Surplus, 
Undivided  Profits, 
Circulation, 
Deposits,     - 


$6,457,000.00 

41,000.00 

437,000.00 

2,915,000.00 

$9,850,000.00 

$2,400,000.00 

145,000.00 

-    45,000.00 

7,260,000.00 


$9,850,000.00 
JAS.  W.  TORREY,  Cashier, 


THE  FOURTH  STREET  NATIONAL  BANK 


Oa;p±-fca<:L     -    - 


Fourth  Street,  between    Chestnut   and  Walnut, 


SIDNEY  F.    TYLER,  President. 


R.  H.  RUSH  TON,   Cashier. 


DIRECTORS.  - 


SIDNEY  F.  TYLER, 


-    President  and  Receiver  Shenandoah  Valley  R.  R.  Co. 

333  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 
JOHN  C.  BULLITT,        -        -        -  Attorney-at-Law,  32  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia 
W.  W.  KURTZ,         -        of  W.  W.  Kurtz  &  Co.,  Bankers,  32  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia 
WILLIAM  L.  ELKINS,         -  ...     Vice-President  Philadelphia  Traction  Co. 

423  Walnut  Srreet,  Philadelphia. 

GEORGE  F.  TYLER, 201  South  Fifteenth  Street,  Philadelphia 

H.S.FRANK,         -----      of  Frank  Brothers  &  Co.,  Clothing  Manufacturers, 

51  North  Third  Street,  Philadelphia. 

B.  K.  JAMISON,  -  of  B.  K.  Jamison  &  Co.,  Bankers,  Cor.  Third  &  Chestnut  Sts.,  Phila. 
ELISHA  A.  HANCOCK,  ...  of  Hancock  &  Co.  Grain  and  Commission, 

135  South  Second  Street,  Philadelphia. 

JAMES  HAY,  -  of  Beattie  &  Hay,  Commission  Merchants,  25  South  Water  Street,  Phila. 
FRANK  T.  PATTERSON,  of  Geo.  B.  Newton  &  Co.,  Coal  Shippers,  308  Walnut  St.,  Phila. 
EDMUND  LEWIS,  -  of  Morris  &  Lewis,  Trimmings,  940  Market  Street,  Philadelphia 
CHARLES  I.  CRAGIN,  -  Soap  Manufacturer,  119  South  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia 
WILLIAM  A.  DICK,  of  Dick.  Bros.  &  Co.,  Bankers,  147  South  Fourth  Street,  Philadelphia 


PHILADELPHIA. 


313  CHESTNUT  STREET. 


DIRECTORS. 

WILLIAM  H.  RHAWN, 

President. 

FREDERICK  A.  HOYT, 

F.  A.  Hoyt&Co. 

CHARLES  RICHARDSON, 

Iron  and  Fertilizers. 

WILLIAM  HACKER, 

Coal  &  Canal  Co.'s  Pa.  R.  R. 

WILLIAM  B.  BEMENT, 

Bemenl,  Miles  &  Co. 

CHARLES  T.  PARRY, 

Burnham,  Parry,  Williams 
&  Co. 

JAMES  M.  EARLE, 

James  S.  Earle  &  Sons. 

JOHN  F.  SMITH, 

MacKellar,  Smiths  &  Jordan 
Company. 

HOWARD  HINCHMAN. 

Howard  Hinchmar.  &  Son. 

HENRY  W.  SHARPLESS, 

Sharpless  Brothers. 

EDWIN  J.  HOWLETT, 

E.  J.  Hewlett  &  Sons. 

EDWARD  K.  BISPHAM, 

Samuel  Bispham  &  Sons. 

HENRY  T.  MASON, 

Glue,  Curled  Hair,  Etc. 

CHARLES  E.  PANCOAST, 

Solicitor. 

ALONZO  P.  RUTHERFORD, 

Notary. 


PRESIDENT, 

H. 

CASHIER, 


CAPITAL,  $500,000 
SURPLUS,  $300,000 


jr.  /.  LANDELL,  President.  G.A.  L1NTON,  Cashier. 

Kensington  National  Rank, 

COR.  FRANKFOKT  AND  GIRARD  AVES., 
=PHILADELPHIA.— — = 


CAPITAL  STOCK,      -       -        -        -       -        $250,000.00 
SURPLUS  FUND,  ------       75,000.00 


W.I    LANDELL,  BENJAMIN  H.  BROWN, 

JOSEPH  S.  KEEN,  ROBERT  DORNAN, 

THEODORE  CRAMP,  LEWIS  DAVIS, 

RICHARD  TORPIN,  Jr.,  THEODORE  M.  DELANY, 

ROBERT  M.  COLEMAN,  CHARLES  A.  McMANUS, 

JOHN  E.  HANIFEN,  HORACE  C.  DISSTON, 

JOHN  A.  DOUGHERTY. 


PHILADELPHIA. 


CAPITAL,        -  $400,000.00 

SURPLUS,  -       -       -       -    $550,000.00 


C.  R.  ROGERS,  JOHN  CASTNER, 

President,  Cashier. 

HARRY  ROGERS,  FRANK  G.  ROGERS, 

Vice-President.  Assistant  Cashier. 


OK    PHILADELPHIA, 

No.  104  CHESTNUT  STREET. 

CAPITAL,   $200,000,   with   privilege   of   increase   to    $500.000 


COMMENCED  BUSINESS  <^ULY  i,  isse. 


Accounts    Solicited.     Prompt   and   careful   attention   given   to   any   business 

pertaining  to  banking.    Collections  made  on  all  points  throughout 

United  States  and  Canada.    Accounts  of  Banks  and 

Bankers  received  on  favorable  terms. 

Correspondence  Solicited. 


W.  C.  HOUSTON,  JR.,  PREST. 
T.  N.  YATES,  CASHIER. 
W.  E.  BURK, 
ED.  ROBERTS. 
PHILIP  J.  WALSH. 
F.  W.  ZOLLER. 
H.  A.  CLARK. 


JNO.  j.  MCDONALD,  v.  PREST. 

SAMUEL  B.  HUEY. 
GEO.  CAMPBELL 
J.  W.  BROWN. 
E.  COON. 

C.  W.  WILKINSON. 
JNO.  JAMISON,  JR. 


Articles  of  Association  adopted  17th  of  January,  1807;  and  Joseph 
Tagert  elected  president,  and  Joseph  Clay  cashier,  February  4th,  1807,  being 
first  officers  of  the  bank.  It  was  chartered  by  the  State  Legislature  March 
16th,  ISO!),  and  rechartered  at  different  times,  viz  :  on  March  25th,  1824, 
April  18th,  1843,  March  16th,  1849,  and  April  24th,  1856.  It  was  organ- 
ized under  the  National  Bank  Act  of  1864  as  the 


and  Mechaqicg'  Matsioqal 


October  20th,  1864,  and  rechartered  for  20  years  from  October  20th,  1864. 

Singleton  A.  Mercer  was  the  second  president,  and  Edwin  M.  Lewis 
its  third  president  ;  the  last  holding  office  until  his  death,  August  23d,  1884, 
and  being  succeeded  by  Samuel  \V.  Bell,  the  present  president. 

The  officers  in  addition  to  Samuel  W.  Bell,  president,  ire  Henry  C. 
Stroup,  cashier  ;  John  Mason,  Transfer  Officer;  Willie  Rushton,  ass't  cashier. 

The  capital  of  the  bank  is  $2,000,000.00,  and   the   surplus,   8580,000. 

Appointed  Loan  and  Transfer  Agent  of  the  commonwealth  of  Penn- 
sylvania April  21st,  1858 ;  appointed  agent  for  the  Philadelphia  Clearing 
House  Association  February  1st,  1858. 

Appointed  Loan  and  Transfer  Agent  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  February 
16th,  1872;  the  loans  of  the  city  at  that  time  were  below  par,  now  selling 
from  130  to  134  per  cent,  according  to  length  of  maturity. 


First 


OF  PHILADELPHIA, 


Nos.  315,  317,   319    Chestnut    Street. 


Capital., 


$1,000,000 
500,000 


The  Ffrgt  Banl^  Charter'sd  uqdei1  the  Rational  Ban^  Act, 


DIRECTORS. 

GEORGE  PHILLER.        THOMAS  DRAKE.        HENRY  C.  GIBSON. 

JOHN  F.  BETZ.  JAMES  A.  WRIGHT.        J.  TATNALL  LEA. 

STEPHEN  A.  CALDWELL. 


President,  GEORGE  PHILLER. 

Cashier,  MORTON  McMICHAEL,  JR. 

Asst.  Cashier,  KENTON  WARNE. 


&     T  EVY. 


ankers  and 


No.  1 9  New  Street, 

NEW  YORK. 


138  So.  3rd  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


-*  CONNECTED  *  BY  *  PRIVATE  *  WIRES. 


jVattonat 


Safe  Deposit.  *  Storage  Vaults. 


private  Bo^eg  to 


BROAD  &  MARKET  STREETS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


We  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  our  Safe  Deposit  Boxes  contained  in 
cur  new  Hall's  Burglar  Proof  Vault. 

The  Vault  is  recently  completed,  is  built  of  the  best  material,  and  has  all 
the  latest  improvements  ;  is  absolutely  fire  and  burglar  proof. 

We  would  solicit  your  Bank  Account,  or  any  Bankable  Business  you  may 
have.  Collections  made  on  all  points.  Advances  made  on  Grain,  Flour  and 
other  Marketable  Securities. 


Capital  $400,000         Surplus  $80,000. 


Depone  National 

1326  &  1328  CHESTNUT  STREET, 

OPPOSITE  U.  S.  MINT. 
PHILADELPHIA. 


DIRECTORS. 

JOHN  C.  LUCAS, 
GRANVILLE  B.  HAINES, 
LOUIS  DREKA, 
D.  P.  S.  NICHOLS, 
SAMUEL  LUCAS, 
GEORGE  R.  PRESTON, 
CHARLES  McFADDEN, 
HENRY  VAN  BEIL, 
DR.  C.  N.  SHELLENBERGER, 
JOSEPH  G.  DITMAN, 

JOHN  C.  LUCAS,  G.  W.  MARSH, 

President.  Cashier. 


/.  NAYLOR,  President.       JAMES  LONG,  Vice-President.        J.  A.IRWIN,  Cashier. 


OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

Seoom-cL    Street    and.   <3-±3raz?cL 


CAPITAL, 
SURPLUS, 


$275,000. 
$300,000. 


JACOB  NAYLOR, 
JAMES  IRWIN, 
JACOB  G.  NEAFIE, 
CHARLES  N.  CHILDS, 
WILLIAM   KING, 
I.  S.  CUSTER, 


DIRECTORS  : 

JAMES  LONG, 
W.  W.  ADAMS, 
JACOB  GRIM, 
ROBERT  PATTERSON, 
SAMUEL  DISSTON, 
CHARLES  PORTER, 
JAMES  S.  BELL. 


THE  PROVIDENT 


vj  MI| 


Office  :  409  CHESTNUT  ST., 

[In  ated  Third  Mo.,  22d,  1865.    Charter  Perpetual.] 


CAPITAL, 


$1,000,000. 


ASSETS, 


$19,472,860.02. 


INSURES  LIVES,  GRANTS  ANNUITIES,  RECEIVES  MONEY  ON  DEPOSIT,  returnable  on 
demand,  for  which  interest  is  allowed,  and  is  empowered  by  law  to  act  as  EXECUTOR, 
ADMINISTRATOR,  TRUSTEE,  GUARDL\N,  ASSIGNEE,  COMMITTEE,  RECEIVER,  AGENT, 
Etc.,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  which  its  capital  and  surplus  fund  furnish  ample 
security. 

ALL  TRUST  FUNDS  AND  INVESTMENTS  ARE  KEPT  SEPARATE  AND  APART  from  the 
assets  of  the  Company. 

Owners  of  Real  Estate  are  Invited  to  look  Into  that  branch  of  the  Trust  Department  which 
has  the  care  of  this  description  of  property.  It  is  presided  over  by  an  officer  learned  in  the 
Law  of  Real  Estate,  seconded  by  capable  and  trustworthy  assistants.  Some  of  them  give 
their  undivided  attention  to  its  care  and  management. 

The  incomes  of  parties  residing  abroad  carefully  collected  and  duly  remitted. 
SAMUEL  R.  SHIPLEY,  President.  I   ASA  S.  WING,  Vice-Presldent  and  Actuary. 

T.  WISTAR  BROWN,  Vice-President.  |   JOSEPH  ASHBROOK,  Manager  of  Ins.  Dept. 

J.  ROBERTS  FOULKE,  Trust  Officer. 


DIRECTORS. 


SAMUEL  R.  SHIPLEY, 
T.  WISTAR  BROWN, 
RICHARD  CADBURY, 
HENRY  HALVES. 
RICHARD  WOOD, 
WILLIAM  HACKER, 
J.  M.  ALBERTSON, 


ASA  S.  WING. 


ISRAEL  MORRIS. 
CHAS.  HARTSHORNE, 
WM.  GUMMERE, 
FREDERICK  COLLINS, 
PHILIP  C.  GARRETT, 
JUSTUS  C.  STRAWBRIDGE. 
JAMES  V.  WATSON, 


OK    PHILADELPHIA, 

CHESTNUT  STREET,          -          BELOW  FIFTH  STREET. 


RESOURCES. 

Loans  and  Discounts,  -  $1,796,471.21 

Due  from  Banks  and  Bankers,  130,513.66 

Banking  House,  Furniture  and  Fixtures,    125,560.41 
Premiums,          ...  4,288.00 

Cash  and  Resources,     -  -     668,979.15 

$2,725,812.43 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  $500,000.00 

Surplus  Fund  and  Profits,    -  84,829.21 

Circulation,  45,000.00 

Deposits,       -  2,095,983.22 

$2,725,812.43 

Gloge  of  Bu?ine$&  Decenjto  16, 1886, 

R.  L.  AUSTIN,  Cashier. 


DIRECTORS.: 


nwA-RTVC  TTTTJXTTP     j  of  Chas.  Lennig  &  Co.  (Limited),   Manufac- 1 
CHARLES  LENNIG,    j          turers  andnlmporters  of  chemicals, 

J  C.  S.  DAVIS  of  G.  W.  Blabon  &  Co.,  Manufacturers  of  Oil  Cloths,  Vice-President 
PETER  A.  KELLER,  -  .... 

JACOB  G.  DETURCK,  -  of  Brown,  DeTurck  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Upholstery  Goods 

W.  B.  SCOTT,  of  John  C.  Scott  &  Sons,  Coal  Commission 

PHILIP  JAGODE,          -  -  -  -  -     of  David  Scull  &  Co.,  Wool 

CLAYTON  FRENCH,  -  -  of  French,  Richards  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Druggists 

SIMON  B.  FLEISHER,  of  S.  B.  &  B.  W.  FLEISHER,  Manuf's  of  Worsted  Yarns  &  Braids 
GEORGE  FALES  BAKER, 

JOHN  SAILER,        -  -          of  Sailer  &  Stevenson,  Bankers  and  Brokers 

JAMES  F.  SULLIVAN,  ofoiillivan   &   Bro.,  Importers  of  Hosiery  and  Notions 

CHAS.  H.  DUNGAN,  of  Bower,  Dung-an  &  Co.,  Importers  and  Dealers  in  Millinery 

Goods. 
GEO.  W.  BREMER,  of  Louis  Bremer's  Sons  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Tobacco  and  Cigars 


D.  B.  CUMMINS,  President.  J.  G.  WHITEMAN,  Cashier. 

J.  REEVES,  Asst.  Cashier. 


Girard 


xg*r?<r\r^^rv^r^f?\^^ 


OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


Capital,  =  $1,OOO,OOO 

Surplus,  =  95O,OOO 


D.  B.  CUMMINS, 

JOSEPH  W.  LEWIS, 

GEO.  H.  McFADDEN, 

WILLIAM  GILLESPIE,  MALCOLM  LLOYD. 

SETH  CALDWELL,  JR., 

FRANCIS    B.    REEVES, 

EDWARD  S.  HANDY,  JOHN  H.  CATHERWOOD, 

DANIEL  BAUGH, 

THOMAS  G.  HOOD, 

HARRY  F.  WEST, 

WILLIAM  H.  JENKS. 


Trust  and  Safe  Deposit  Company. 

THE  #  PENNSYLVANIA  *  COMPANY 

For  Insurances  on  Lives  and  Granting  Annuities. 

No.    431    CHESTNUT 


Incorporated  March  10,  1812.    Charter  Perpetual. 


Capital,          ....          $2,000,000 
Surplus,  ....      1,500,000 


Chartered  to  act  as  EXECUTORS,  ADMINISTRATORS,  TRUSTEES,  GUARDIANS, 

ASSIGNEES,  COMMITTEES,    RECEIVERS,   AGENTS,  etc.,  and    for 

the  faithful    performance   of    all    such     duties 

all  its  Capital  and  Surplus  are  liable. 


All  Trust   Investments   are   kept   separate   and   apart  from   the 
Assets    of    the    Company. 

INCOME  COLLECTED  AND  REMITTED 


INTEREST  ALLOWED  ON  MONEY  DEPOSITS. 


SAFES  IN  JHHEIF>  BUF»GLAF>-I?F>OOF  UAULIFS  FOP? 

The  protection  of  their  Vaults  for  the  preservation  of   WILLS 
offered  gratuitously. 


Gold   and   Silver-Plate,  Deeds,    Mortgages,    etc.,    received    for    safe-keeping 

under  guarantee. 


LINDLEY  SMYTH,  President. 

HENRY  N.  PAUL,  Vice-President. 

JARVIS  MASON,  Trust  Officer. 

WM.  P.  HENRY,  Secy  and  Treas. 

WM.  L.  BROWN,  JR.,  Ass't  Sec'y  and  Treas. 


lOIIREOTOIR-S-- 


LINDLEY  SMYTH,  CHARLES  W.  WHARTON,  ALEXANDER    BIDDLE, 

HENRY  N.  PAUL,  CHAS.  H.  HUTCHINSON,  PETER  C.  HOLLIS, 

EDWARD  H.  COATES,         JOHN  R.  FELL,  CHARLES  S.  LEWIS, 

ANTHONY  J.  ANTELO,       GEORGE  W.  CHILDS,  WILLIAM  W.  JUSTICE, 
CRAIGE  LIPPINCOTT. 


•The    Investment    Company 

OF  PHILADELPHIA, 

No.  340  CHESTNUT 


2,@$®,@@a     Full  Jpaid. 


BUYS    and     SELLS      BILLS    OF     EXCHANGE,     drawing     on 

BARING  BROS.  &  CO.,  LONDON; 
PERIER  FRERES  &  CIE.,       MENDELSSOHN  &  CO., 

Paris.  Berlin. 


CONDUCTS  A   GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINESS.       ALLOWS 
INTEREST 'ON    MONEY     DEPOSITS.     NEGO- 
TIATES SECURITIES,  RAILROAD, 
STATE,  MUNICIPAL,  Etc. 


FIRST-CLASS  INVESTMENTS  FOR  SALE. 


OFFICERS: 

« 

WILLIAM  BROCKIE,  President. 

WHARTON  BARKER,  Vice-President. 

HENRY  M.  HOYT,  Jr.,  Treasurer. 

ETHELBERT  WATTS,  Secretary. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

WILLIAM  BROCKIE,  GEORGE  S.  PEPPER,        MORTON  MC  MICHAEL, 

WHARTON  BARKER,  HENRY  C.  GIBSON,  T.  WISTAR  BROWN, 

WILLIAM  POTTER. 


ADVISORY  COMMITTEE  OF  STOCKHOLDERS. 

GEORGE  M.  TROUTMAN,    JOHN  WANAMAKER,      GUSTAVUS  ENGLISH, 
HENRY  E.  SMITH,  ISAAC  H.  CLOTHIER,       THOMAS  DOLAN, 

WILLIAM  PEPPER,  M.  D.,  JOHN  G.  READING,          HAMILTON  DISSTON, 
CRA1GE  LIPPINCOTT,  CLAYTON  FRENCH,          WILLIAM  WOOD, 

JOS.  E  GILLINGHAM,  FRANCIS  RAWLE, 


The  Union  Trust  Company, 

Nos.  611   and  613   Chestnut  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


EXTERIOR  VIEW  OF  VAULTS. 


Authorized  Capital,  $1,000,000 


Paid-up  Capital,  $500,000 


Charter    F*erpetu.al. 

Acts  as  Executor,  Administrator,  Assignee,  etc.,  alone,  or  in  connection  with  an  individual 
appointee.  All  Trust  assets  kept  Separate  from  those  of  the  Company.  Burglar-Proof  Safes 
to  rent  at  $5  to  $5°  per  annum.  Wills  kept  in  Vaults  without  charge.  Bonds,  Stocks,  and 
other  valuables  taken  under  guarantee.  Paintings,  Statuary,  Bronzes,  etc.,  kept  in  Fire-proof 
Vaults.  Money  received  on  deposit  at  interest.  Repository  for  Western  Farm  Mortgages, 
bearing  7  per  cent.  Interest.  Principal  and  Interest  guaranteed. 


JAMES  LONG,  Prest. 


JOHN  G.  READING,  V.  Prest.        MAHLON  S.  STOKES,  Treas.  and  Sec. 
D.  R.  PATTERSON,  Trust  Officer. 


DIRECTORS. 

JAMES  LONG,  ALFRED  S.  GILLETT,  JOSEPH  WRIGHT,  DR.  CHARLES  P.  TURNER,  WILLIAM 
S.  PRICE,  JOHN  T.  MONROE,  W.  J.  NEAD,  THOMAS  R.  PATTON,  JOHN  G.  READING,  WM.  H 
LUCAS,  D.  HAYES  AGNEW,  M.  D.,  Jos.  I.  KEEFE,  ROBERT  PATTERSON,  THEODOR  C. 
ENGEL,  JACOB  NAYLOR,  THOS.  G.  HOOD,  EDWARD  L.  PERKINS,  Philadelphia,  WM.  WATSON, 
Philadelphia,  SAMUEL  RIDDLE,  Glen  Riddle,  Pa.,  DR.  GEORGE  W.  REILY,  Harrisburg, 
J.  SIMPSON  AFRICA,  Huntingdon,  HENRY  S.  ECKERT,  Reading,  EDMUND  S.  DOTY, 
Mifflintown,  W.  W.  H.  DAVIS,  Doylestown,  R.  E.  MONAGHAN,  West  Chester. 


The  Girard  Life  Insurance, 


Annuity  and  Trust  Co. 


OP  PHILADELPHIA, 


No.    .    2O2O       Chestnut  v   Street, 


Insures   Lives,  Grants  Annuities,  Acts   as   Executor,  Administrator, 
Guardian,     Trustee,    Committee    or     Receiver,   and 
Receives    Deposits    on    Interest. 


President,  JOHN  B.  GARRETT. 

Vice-Prest.  and  Treasurer,  HENRY  TATNALL. 
Actuary,  WILLIAM  P.  HUSTON. 

Assistant  Treasurer,  WILLIAM  N.  ELY. 

Solicitor,  EFFINGHAM  B.  MORRIS. 


-THE 


Eeal  Estate  Trust  Co. 


OF 


Charter  Perpetual 
!  Capital  $500,000 


"'^^-  MJ 


No.  1340  Ctiestnt.it  Street. 

TZ)ECEIVES  deposits  of  money  payable  by  check,  and  allows  interest  there- 
I  if  on;  issues  negotiable  certificates  of  deposits;  receives -for  safe  keeping 
\  securities  and  other  valuables,  and  also  rents  safe  deposit  boxes  in  its 
burglar-proof  vaults;  collects  ground  rents,  interest  on  mortgages,  and  income  of 
all  kinds  whatsoever;  receives  and  executes  trusts  of  every  description,  under 
appointment  of  Courts,  corporations  and  individuals;  becomes  surety  for 
the  faithful  performance  of  any  trust  or  office,  and  acts  as  transfer  agent  or 
registrar  of  stocks  and  bonds  of  corporations  or  municipalities;  transacts  a 
general  real  estate  business,  acting  as  agent  or  attorney  for  buying,  holding, 
leasing  and  selling  property  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and  its  vicinity;  collects 
rents  and  takes  general  charge  and  management  of  property;  issues  policies  of 
title  insurance  to  real  estate  and  mortgages,  also  policies  of  insurance  against 
decedents'  debts,  mechanics'  liens,  judgments,  old  ground  rents,  etc. 


All  Trust  Funds  &  Investments  are  kept  separate  and  apart  from  those  of  the  Co. 

FRANK  K.  HIPPLE,  Pres.,  WM.  F.  NORTH,  Treas., WM.  R.  PHILLER,  Sec., 
GKO.  JUNKIN,  Solicitor,  THOS.  B.  PROSSER,  Real  Estate  Officer. 


Frank  K.  Hippie,  Beauveau  Borie,  Edward  T.  Steel,   Henry  C. 
.  Gibson,  John  Wanamaker,  Chas.  W.  Henry,  Wm.  M.  Singerly, 
Georere  Philler,  Lemuel  Coffin,  Thomas  Dolan,  John  F.  Betz,  R.  Dale  Benson. 


32nd  &  MARKET  STS.,  PHILADELPHIA. 


CAPITAL,  $300,000.    SURPLUS,  $110,000. 


C.  H.  CLARK,  -  -  -          President 

H.  M.  LUTZ,          -  -  -        Vice-president 

J.  M.  COLLINGWOOD,  ....  Cashier 


DIRKCTORS. 


C.  H.  CLARK,  JOHN  SCOTT, 

C.  E.  PUGH,  H.  M.  LUTZ, 

JOS.  J.  MARTIN,  F.  S.  KIMBALL. 


Real  Estate,  Title,  Insurance, 


A  N 


COMPANY. 

CAPITAL,  $500,000.  FULL  PAID. 

The  Oldest  Company  of  the  Kind  in  Existence, 


Insures    Titles    of   Real    Estate    to    Purchasers    and    Mortgagees. 
Executes  Trusts  of  every  description,  solely  or  jointly  with  In- 
dividuals,  and    becomes    surety    for    persons    acting  in   a 
fiduciary    capacity.        Receives    deposits    at    Interest 
payable  by  check.     Burglar-proof  safes  for  rent  in 
its  vaults  on  favorable  terms. 


PHILADELPHIA. 


$   750,000 
7,000,000 


G.  M.  TROUTMAN,  THEO.  KITCHEN, 

PRESIDENT.  CASHIER. 

THEO.  L.  De  BOW, 

ASST.  CASHIER. 


^DIRECTORS.* 


GEORGE  M.  TROUTMAN, 
JOHN  E.  GRAEFF, 
ANDREW  WHEELER, 
SAMUEL  R.  SHIPLEY, 
JOSEPH   ESHERICK, 
THEODORE   KITCHEN. 


CHARLES  SMITH, 
T.  WISTAR  BROWN, 
WM.  M.  SINCLAIR, 
JAMES   MOORE, 
JOSEPH  K.  WHEELER 


Tjje  *  {Spring  *  IjMden  *  Rational  * 

TWELFTH  AND  SPRING  GARDEN  STS 


PHILADELPHIA,  JANUARY  3, 


Resources. 

Loans  and  Discounts, 

Banking^House, 

U.  S.  Bonds  and  Premium , 

Due  from  Banks, 

Cash,         ..... 


$1,635,899.40 
93,000.00 


49,114,12 

514,867.56 

$2,349,256.08 


Liabilities. 

Capital  Stock $500,000.00 

Surplus  and  Profits,  .         .  36,513.30 

Circulation 45,000.00 

Deposits,      .....        1.767,742.78 
$2,349,256.08 


Small  Iron  Safes  in  burglar-proo]  Vaults  for  rent, 
etc.,  received  for  safe  Ttecpiiiy. 


Bonds,  stock,  boxes, 


-3D  I  IE?,  IE  O  T  O IR  S. 


FRANCIS  W.  KENNEDY, 
GEN'L  H.  G.  SICKEL, 
EPHRAIM  TURLAND, 
NELSON    F.  EVANS, 
EPHRAIM  YOUNG, 
NATHAN  MIDDLETON, 
ROBERT  C.  THOMAS,     - 


Pension  Attorney  and  Pres't  Board  of  Health 

of  Turland  &  Hoyt,  Dry  Goods 

Prest.  Spring  Garden  Ins.  Co. 

•  of  Van  Gunden  &  Young,  Granite  and  Marble 

-   of  N.  &  A.  Middleton  &  Co.,  Car  Sprincs 

of  F.  D.  Bright  &  Co.,  and  Prest.  Thomas  Coal  Co. 


FRANCIS  W.  KENNEDY,  Prest. 

H.  G.  SICKEL,  Vice-Prest. 

HENRY  H.  KENNEDY,  Cashier. 


W.  H.  M.  SISTARK.  GEORGE  K.  SISTARE.  DOUGLAS  HILGER. 

GEO.  K.  SISTARE'S  SONS, 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  STOCK  EXCHANGE, 

121   South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia. 

1  6  and  18  Broad  Street,    -    New  York. 

Stocks  and  Bonds  bought  and  sold  fo*  cash  or  carried  on  margin.       Private 
Wires  to  New  York,  Baltimore  and  Washington. 

BRANCH  OFFICE,  COLONNADE  HOTEL. 

WINTHROP&  PERCY  SMITH, 

BANKERS  AND  BROKERS, 

324  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

STOCKS  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD  ON  COMMISSION 

AND  CARRIED  ON  FAVORABLE  TERMS. 

Being   members  of   both    the   Philadelphia  and   New  York  Stock  Exchanges,  and  having  a 

Private   Wire   direct  from   our  office   to  New    York,  we  are   prepared   to 

execute  orders  left  with  us  promptly  and  satisfactorily. 

DE  HAVEN    &    TOWNSEND, 

BANKERS  AND  BROKERS, 

No.  36  South  Third  Street. 


BANKERS  'AND  BROKERS, 
114  South  Third  Street,  PHILADELPHIA. 

We    buy    and    Sell    Government,    State   and   City    Loans,   Gold,  Silver  and 
Foreign    Exchange,  at    Best    Market    Rates. 


STOCKS  AND  BONDS  Bought  and  Sold    on   Commission  in   Philadelphia  or  elsewhere. 

COLLECTIONS  made  on  any  point.        DEPOSITS  received  on 

Interest,  subject   to  check   at  sight. 


DREXEL,  MORGAN  &  CO.,  DREXEL,  HARJES  &  CO., 

New  York.  Paris. 


Bankers  and  Dealers  in  U,  S.  Bonds 
and  Foreign  Exchange, 

Chestnut   and   Fifth   Streets. 


Commercial  and  Travelers'  Letters  of  Credit 
issued. 

Bills  of  Exchange  on  all  parts  of  Europe  bought 
and  sold. 

State,  Municipal  and  Railroad  Securities  nego- 
tiated. 

Fifjrt-Cl&S  InVB?tmeqt  j&curitieg  a  jSpecialhJ, 

Orders  for  the  purchase  and  sale  of  Stocks  and 
Bonds  on  commission  executed  at  the  Stock  Ex- 
changes of  this  country  and  Europe. 

Deposits  received  subject  to  check  at  sight  and 
interest  allowed. 

A  general  Banking  Business  transacted. 


Brown  Brothers  &  Co. 

209  CHESTNUT  STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
59  Wall  Street,  New  York.    66  State  Street,  Boston. 

ALEXANDER  BROWN  &  SONS, 
Cor.  Baltimore  and  Calvert  Streets,  Baltimore. 


BUY  JD  $ELL  BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE 


On  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  France,  Germany,  Belgium,  Holland, 
Switzerland,  Norway  and  Sweden. 


Issue  <5omtnerciaf  cutd  Travefers' 


AVAILABLE  IN  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


Make    Telegraphic    Transfers     of  Money 

Between  this  and  other  Countries,  through  London  and  Paris. 


Make  Collections  of  Drafts  drawn  abroad  on  all   points  in  the 

United  States  and  Canada,  and  of  Drafts  drawn  in  the 

United    States  on  Foreign  Countries. 


Interest  Allowed  on  Deposits. 

First-class  Investment  Securities  For  Sale, 


BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  CO.,          BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  CO  , 

36  Chapel  Street,  Liverpool.  Founder's  Court,  Lothbury,  London. 


>*•  TSOI  *  ^ 


Third     and     Ctiestnut     Streets, 


PHHJU3ELPHIA. 


SPECIAL  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  INVESTMENT 
SECURITIES. 


BARKER  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

BANKERS     AND    BROKERS, 

South  Fourth  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


Execute  orders  for  Stocks,  Bonds,  allow  Interest  on 

Deposits,  and  transact  a  general  Banking 

and  Brokerage  Business. 


L.    H.   TAYLOR    &    CO.. 

Members  Philadelphia  and  New  York  Stock  Exchanges, 


Cor.  Third  and  Chestnut  Streets, 

Transact  a  GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINESS,  including  the 

PURCHASE    and    SALE   of    STOCKS   and    BONDS   on 

COMMISSION,  and    carry    same    on   favorable  terms. 

R.  H.  C.  HILL,  DAVIDSON  KENNEDY, 

MEMBER  MEMBER 

New  York  and  Philad'a  Stock  Exchanges.  Philadelphia  Stock  Exchange. 

HILL  &  KENNEDY, 


303  Walnut  Street,  PHILADELPHIA. 

NARR    &    GERLACH, 


437  Chestnut  St.,      -       Philadelphia. 


ESTABLISHED     1865.- 


BIOREN  &  COMPANY, 

BANKEMS  AND  BMOKJEMS, 
136  South  Third  Street,         Philadelphia. 

SPECIAL  ATTENTION  TO  INVESTMENTS. 


SAILER  &  STEVENSON 


,     F»A. 


Securities  Negotiated  at  the  Philadelphia,  New  York  and  London 
Stock    Exchanges. 

DRAFTS  DRAWN  ON  UNION  BANK  OF  LONDON. 
LINDLEY  HA  INES.  Off  A  RLES  E.  HA  INES. 

HAINES  BROTHERS 


140  South  Third  Street,        Philadelphia. 

ELLIOTT,  SONS  &  COMPANY, 

B  AN  KKRS, 

109  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia. 


Buy  and  Sell  Stocks  and  Bonds   on    Commission.         Collateral 
Loans  and  Commercial  Paper  a  Specialty. 

W.  W.   KURTZ  &  CO., 

BANKERS  AND  BROKERS, 

No.  32  South  Third  Street,    Philadelphia. 


E.W.  CLARK  &COMPANY, 

BANKERS,  BOND  AND  STOCK  BROKERS, 

35  South  Third  Street,  PHILADELPHIA. 


1864. 


ROBERT  GLENDIMNG  &  COMPANY, 


303  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  AND  PHILADELPHIA  STOCK  EXCHANGES. 


WIRES  TO  NEW  YORK. 


DUNN      BROTHERS, 


127  South  Fourth  Street,      Philadelphia. 


116    S.  Fcruur-blhi.    Street, 

=STOCK    AND     BOND     BROKERS, 

Dealers  in  GOVERNMENT  BONDS  AND  INVESTMENT  SECURITIES. 
|3?~  Orders  Executed  at  all  the  Principal  Stock  Exchanges  in  this  Country.  * 

W   G.  HOPPER.  H.  S.  HOPPER. 

Member  of  Philadelphia  Stock  Exchange. 


G.  HOPPER  &  CO., 


'? 

No.  28  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia. 


Boston  &  Plila.  Steamsli  Co.'s  Lines 


FROM  PHILADELPHIA  TO 


Boston,  providence  and  Fall   River, 


IDIIREOT    TO    lE-A-CH 

STEAMERS  SPARTAN,  ROMAN,  NORMAN,  SAXON,  ARIES,  CATHA- 
RINE, WHITING  AND  TONAWANDA. 


AX    LOWEST    RAXES. 


Through  Bills  of  Lading    Issued  to  and  from  all  points  in  New  England. 

FOR  BOSTON.—  Every  Tuesday  and  Friday  at  10  A.  M.,   from  Pier  20,  South 

Wharves,  Phila. 
FOR  PROVIDENCE.—  Every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  at  11  A.  M.,  from  Pier 

23,  South  Wharves,  Phila. 
FOR  FALL,  RIVER.—  Every    Wednesday  and  Saturday  at  11  A.  M.,  from  Pier 

83,  South  Wharves,  Phila. 
FROITI  Boston,  Providence  and  Fall  River,  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday. 

Passag-e  to  Boston,  $10:  round  trip,  $18.    Meals  and  Berths  included.    Freight  re- 
ceived every  day.     Insurance  effected  at  the  office.    For  further  information  apply  to 

E.  B.  SAMPSON,  Agt,  H.  J.  JERNEGAN,  Agt, 

70  Long-  Wharf,  BOSTON,  Derrick  Wharf,  FALL  RIVER. 

GrEO.  A.  KtLTON,  Agt  .....  Ives  Wharf,  PROVIDENCE. 


&5iNSOR  ^  d>o.,  General  pgents, 

338  SOUTH  DELAWARE  AVENUE,  PHILADELPHIA. 

FJo  Value  in  the  House, 

But  I  will  pay  you  the  Highest  Cash  Value  for 
Gold  or  Silver  Rings,  Bracelets,  Earrings,  Watches, 
Chains,  Teeth  Plates,  Spoons,  Knives,  Forks, 
Pitchers,  Urns,  Castors,  Goblets  and  Mugs. 

For  any  articles  broken,  unused,  or  out  of  style, 
I  will  give  the  Highest  Possible  Cash  Price. 

J.   L.   CLARK, 


GOLD  AND  SILVER  I^EFINER,  SWEEPSMELTER, 
823  Filbert  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Send  by  Mail  or  Express.     Prompt  Attention  Given. 
ESTABLISHED  1870. 


SUGAR  REFINERY, 


(§0., 


Office :  101  South  Front  Street, 


PHILADELPHIA. 


-MANUFACTURERS    OF- 


(Confectioners'. * .  Sugars . ' .  a . '.  Specialty. 


CONFECTIONERS'  XXXX  LOZENGE,  POWDERED. 
"  CROWN  A. 

"  CRYSTAL  A. 


SALE  BY  ALL  WHOLESALE  DEALERS-*- 


THROUGHOUT  THE  COUNTRY, 


Otto   Gas  Engine    Works, 

SCHLEICHER,  SCHUMM  ^  Go. 

33d  &  Walnut  Sts.,        PHILADELPHIA. 

TWENTY  .'.  THOUSAND  .'.  SOLD. 


Our  engines  are  guaranteed 
to  consume  20  to  70  per  cent, 
less  Gas  than  Any  other  En- 
gine doing  same  work.  .•.  /.  /. 

Otto  Engines  and  Pumps 
combined.  Otto  Engines  for 
Electric  Lighting.  Twin  Otto 
Engines.  Vertical  Otto  En- 
gines. .*.  .'.  /.  /.  .'.  .*.  /.  /.  /.  /. 

SIZES.  1,  2,  4,  7, 10,  15,  25  and  More  Horse-Power.    

IPKIRCE:  COLLKOK  OK  BUSINESS, 

Record   Building,    917-919    Chestnut   Street, 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 

THOMAS  MAY  PEIRCE,  M.  A.,  PRINCIPAL  AND  FOUNDER. 

MORNING,  AFTERNOON  AND  NIGHT  SESSIONS. 


Business  men,  merchants  and  farmers  who  have  had  doubts  as  to  whether  a  practical 
business  education  could  be  obtained  outside  of  the  counting-room  have  been  surprised  at 
the  thoroughly  practical  manner  in  which  their  sons  and  daughters  have  been  qualified  for 
business  engagements  at  Peirce  College,  and  are  now  among  its  warmest  friends. 

ITEMS  OF  INTEREST  FOR  THE  SHOUGHTFUL. 

i. — The  LOCATION,  in -the  finest  building  in  Philadelphia;  an  Elevator,  Steam  Heat, 
special  Ventilators,  Wardrobes,  Lavatories,  and  Electric  Lights.  Call  and  examine  the  con- 
veniences and  accommodations. 

2. — TheCoiRSE  and  METHODS  of  INSTRUCTION,  the  personal  experience  of  the  Professors, 
and  the  technical  knowledge  gathered  by  the  Principal  as  a  court  expert. 

3. — The  SUCCESS  ACHIEVED.     Eight  hundred  and  seventy-nine  students  last  year. 
Call  or  •write  for  Circular  and  Co»imence»toti  Proceedings. 

REV.  JOHN  THOMPSON,  DEAN. 

Offices  :  Rooms  5  and  6,  Second  Floor. 

CORNELIUS  &,  HETHERINGTON, 

GAS  ^  GLEGTC^IG  FIXHHJI^ES, 

Wrought    Iron    and    Brass    Grills,    Memorial    Brasses,     Real    Bronze 
Railings  and  Crestings. 

1332  Ctiestnuit  Street,  Philadelphia. 

TELEPHONE   1373.  OPPOSITE  U.  S.  MINT. 


LflRSEgT  RETAIL  3T00K 


OF 


IN  PHILADELPHIA, 


Perhaps  the  largest  in  the  United  States,  is  to  be  found  at 


.TRAWBRIDGE 


Market  Street, 


lOTHIER'S, 


Eighth  Street, 


Filbert  Street. 


This  stock,  divided  into  twenty-five  departments, 
under  carefully  trained  and  skillful  buyers,  includes 
everything  that  can  be  desired  for  either  dres*  or 
housekeeping  needs.  No  other  than  thoroughly 
reliable  goods  are  kept,  and  the  prices  are  guaranteed 
as  moderate  as  such  o-oods  can  be  afforded  for. 


SHOE  QQANUFAGJUUI^ING  (So., 

417  &  419  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia. 

Buy   the    SOLLERS    SHOE,  direct  from    the   Manufacturers'   Retail    Store. 

StOH.I^IZSrLS     dfe     CO., 

1 8  North  Eighth  Street,  WEST  SIDE. 


DISTILLERS  OF  THE 

MOUNT  VERNON  AND  HANNISVILLE 

PURE    RYE    WHISKIES. 


OFFICES  r 


218  S.  Front  St..  Phila.  65  Exchange  Place,  Baltimore. 

5O  Beaver  St.,  New  York.  Martinsbnrg,  West  Virginia. 

D.  LANDRETH  S»  SONS, 

The  oldest  established  and  most  complete  Seed  establishment  in  America. 

LANDRETH'S  GARDEN  SEEDS  are  grown  from  Seed  STOCKS,  carefully  selected  from 

TRIAL   Seed   Beds. 
FLOWER  SEEDS.     Our  Stock  of  Flower  Seeds  is  large,  and  comprises  the  best  American 

and   imported   varieties. 
LANDRETH'S  LAWN  GRASS  SEED.     A  mixture  of  the  finest   varieties  of  perennial 

grasses,  producing  a  most  beautiful  lawn  in  a  short  time. 
RECLEANED  GRASS  SEED.      Free  from  Weeds  and  Trash.     All  grass  seeds  offered  by 

us  are  thoroughly  recleaned. 

AGRICULTURAL  AND  HORTICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS  AND  TOOLS  in  great 

variety.     Everything  of  the  best  for  Farm,  Garden  or  Country  Seat. 

Landreth's  Rural  Register  Almanac  and  Catalogue   Free   of  Charge. 

D.  LANDRETH  &  SONS,  21  &  23  So.  6th  St.,  Phila. 


=  JOHN 

MANUFACTURER  OF  FIRST-CLASS  LIGHT  AND  HEAVY 

HARNESS,  SADDLES  &  COLLARS, 


OIF 


1302  South  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Gentlemen's  Road    Harness,   Track   Harness,  Double  Carriage  Harness,   Coupe   Harness, 

Express   Harness,  Double   Team    Harness,  Plow   Harness,  Catt    Harness.  Light  and 

Heavy  Collars  a  Specialty.      Horse  Blankets,  Fly  Nets,  Whips,  Horse  Boots 

of  every  description.  Jobbing  promptly  attended  to. 


Tlo  Mutual  Life  Insurance  downy  of  Net  Yort 

RICHARD  A.  McCURDY,  President. 

Cash  Assets,  Jaii.  1, 1887 $114,181,963.24 

THE  LARGEST  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


§ 

Co 

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1 

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i 


COMPANY'S  PHILADELPHIA  BUILDING,  N.  w.  CORNER  OF  TENTH  AND 

CHESTNUT   STREETS. 


General  Agents  for  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware. 


CHEAPEST  FIRE  INSURANCE 

BECAUSE  IT  IS  THE  BEST. 


COMMERCIAL  UNION  FIRE  INS.  CO., 

LONDON  &  LANCASHIRE  FIRE  INS.  CO., 

AMERICAN  FIRE  INS.  CO.,  OF  N.  Y. 


Assets,  Over  Sixteen  Million  Dollars. 

^AULDING,  Lioca!    Representative. 

330  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

*  Vienna  *  Model  *  Baker}, 

1876— OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION— 1876 

253—259    N.    BROAD  ST.,    PHILADELPHIA. 
c.  EZDELHIEIIM:, 


Every  Loaf  has  this  Label 

Send  your  orders  for  the  only  genuine  "  VIENNA"  Bread,  Rolls,  Zwieback- 
Biscuit  and  Bread  Crumbs.     TELEPHONE  CONNECTION. 


C  L  YD 


NEW  YORK:        ^&>^L       PHILADELPHIA: 

Hp^—  ^fcS. 

No.  35  Broadway.  ^^^"""^^^  12  South  Wharves 


Coastwise  •  and  •  West  •  India  •  Steam  •  Lines, 


New  York  &  Charleston,  S.  C. 
New  York  &  Florida, 
New  York  &  Wilmington,  N.  C. 
New  York,  Hayti  &  S,  Domingo. 


Philadelphia  &  Richmond,  Va, 
Philadelphia  &  Norfolk,  Va. 
Philadelphia  &  Charleston,  S,C, 
Philadelphia  &  Wash'gton,  D,  C. 


New  York  &  Philadelphia, 

md  Rates  to  all  Cities  of  the  South,  So> 
imunications  with  all  leading  R.  Roads  a 

WM.  P.  CLYDE  &  CO.,  General  Agents, 


Through  Bills  Lading-  and  Rates  to  all  Cities  of  the  South,  South  West  and  Interior 
Points.  *  Direct  Communications  with  all  leading  R.  Roads  and  Air  Line  Routes. 


QUEEN  &  CO. 


Physical,  Chemical  and  Electrical  Apparalitt, 


Open  and  Eleld  Glasses, 


We  pnbllsTi  flf- 
teen  prked  and 
illuatrated  Cata- 
logues, each  de- 
scribing different 
classes  of  instru- 
ments. SENDFO& 


Optical  Unions  and  Ytan. 


M»tbematica(  luttniMMtS. 
Paper,  tte. 


924  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

fine  AND  INCANDESCENT  IIIGHTING. 


THE 


United  States  Electric  Lighting  Company, 


(Chester  and  0)aple  Streets, 


PHILADELPHIA. 


Exclusive    Licensee    for    Pennsylvania   of   The    United    States   Electric 
Lighting  Company  of  New  York. 


PENNSYLVANIA 


-AND- 


Banking  Department: 

GIRARD  BUILDING,  30  ST.,  BELOW  CHESTNUT, 

Makes  cash  advances  at  moderate  rates  of  interest  upon  every  kind 
of  staple  merchandise  in  store  or  in  transit.  Markets  and  nego- 
tiates loans  on  stocks  and  bonds  of  corporations,  railroads,  etc. 

ISSUES  ITS  GUARANTEE 

Insuring  banks  and  lenders  of  money,  on  grain,  flour,  cotton,  wool, 
sugar,  and  other  personal  property  against  loss  by  reason  of  defec- 
tive title  or  insufficiency  of  collateral. 


Storage   Department :      102  WALNUT  STREET, 

Receives    merchandise,  bonded   and   free,   on   storage   in   its  own 
United  States  bonded  and    free  warehouses,  and   offers   wharfage 
facilities  for  loading  and  discharging  steamers  and  sailing  vessels  of 
the  largest  class,  together  with  railroad  connections. 
F.  R.  PEMBERTON,  JOHN  MASON,  JR. 

President,  Sec.  and  Treas. 

W.  T.  ROBINSON,  GEO.  H.  EARLE,  JR. 

Gen.  Supt.  Stg.  Dpi.  Solicitor. 


DIRECTORS. 


F.  R  PEMBERTON, 
CLAYTON  FRENCH, 
GEO.  T.  LEWIS, 
JOHN  W.  HOFFMAN, 


JOHN  H.  CONVERSE, 
JOHN  H.  CATHERWOOD, 
EDMUND  H.  McCULLOUGH, 
RICHARD  Y.  COOK. 


JOHN  BOWER.        FRANK  BOWER.       WM.  ENTENMANN. 

JOHN  BOWER  &  CO. 


CURERS  OF  SUPERIOR 

SUGAR-CURED  HAMS,  BEEF,  BEEF  TONGUES,  Etc. 

And  Dealers  in  Provisions  Generally. 


Pure  Kettle-Rendered  Lard  a   Specialty.      Packing,    Curing 
and  Smoking  Establishment. 

S.  W.  Cor.  24th  and  Brown  Sts., 

PHILADELPHIA. 


and   Opestnut  Afreets, 
adelppia, 


Special  Bargains  Always  on  Hand  at  Prices  far  below  Market  Value. 


SPECIAL.  PRICES  WHEN  SUPPLYING  HOTELS,  CHURCHES 
AND  LARGE  INSTITUTIONS. 


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CARPET  STORES  OF 

JOHN  AND  JAMES  DOBSON, 

Manufacturers, 

809,  811  and  813  Chestnut  St., 


PHILADELPHIA. 


fel 

BUILDERS, 

Offices,  20 1  &  203  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 


STOCKTON  BATES,  /v«v.        WM.  D,  SHUBERT, 


BOLETTE  CONDENSER  FOR  WOOL  CARDS, 


Worsted   Machinery,  Cards,  Spinning,  Drawing  and  Twisting  Frames,  Noble 
Combs,  Gill  Boxes,  Washers,  and  all  Machinery  to  complete  a  Worsted  Mill. 


CARDING.— Wellman  Top-Flat  Cards.  Foss  &  Pevey  Under- 
Flat  Cards.  Whitehead  &  Atherton  Cards.  Bridesburg  Iron 
Clipper  Cards.  Wool  Cards  of  all  Standard  Sizes,  with  Block 
Lag,  or  Iron  Cylinders. 

WEAVING.— Plain  Sheeting,  Heavy  Ticking,  Duck,  Bag,  Ging- 
ham, Full-Lift  and  Drop,  and  Clipper  Looms.  Looms  for 
Worsted,  Jeans  and  Counterpanes.  Goodyear  24-Harness 
motion,  for  fancy  weaving.  Looms  of  every  variety  and  width. 
Variable  Speed  Bobbin-winder. 

SPINNING. — Ring-Spinning  Frames,  with  Common,  Taper, 
Excelsior,  Sawyer,  Rabbeth,  or  any  improved  pat.  Spindle. 
Self- Acting  Mules,  for  Wool,  ij,  if,  if,  if,  2,  2^,  2^,  2f  or  2|  Guage. 


Mills  Fully  Equipped  in  Cither  Cotton,  Woolen  or 
Worsted  Weaving  or  Spinning. 


ESTIMATES    FOR    MILLS 

— )  AND  ( 


Samuel  H.  French  &  Co., 

York  Avenue,  Fourth  and  Callowhill  Sts. 


PAINTERS'  AND  BUILDERS'  SUPPLIES. 


Peerless  Colors  for  Mortar.   Marbleized  Slate 
Mantels  of  Beautiful  Design  f  Finish. 


OF  EVERY  COLOR  AND  DESIGN. 


CUT,   EMBOSSED,  ENAMELED, 

AND      LCBADBD      GLASS. 


ORNAMENTAL  PLASTER  WORK, 

Center  Pieces,   Cornices,    Brackets,    Caps,   Columns, 
Etc.,  for  Churches,  Halls  and  Residences. 


UAMSTME,  SUPERIOR  TO  CALCIMINE,  FOR  WALL  FINISH. 
Foreign     and     Domestic    Cements. 

CALCINED,  CASTING  AND  DENTAL  PLASTER, 

Send  for  Catalogue,   Sample    Cards    and    Circulars. 
WE  SOLICIT  CORRESPONDENCE. 


John  Lucas  \  Compamj, 

FINE   COLORS, 

DRY,   IN    OIL,  IN  JAPAN  AND  IN  DISTEMPER, 
FOR  HOUSE,  COACH,  CAR  AND  FRESCO  WORK, 


HARD   WOOD    KILLERS. 


HARD       OIL 


PLATE  AND  WINDOW  GLASS. 

THE  LARGEST  DEPOT  IN  PHILADELPHIA. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

141  and  143  N,  4th  St. 

and  322  to  330 

Race  St. 


Factory  and 

Varnish  Plant, 

Gibbsboro. 


HEW 

WM.    E.    LUCAS, 
80  Maiden  Lane. 


H, 


HE'S 

A  U 


i 


Watch  Manufacturers,      Diamond  Dealers. 


FACTORY, 
SALESROOM, 
NEW  YORK, 
CHICAGO, 


S.  W.  Cor.  Broad  and  Race  Sts. 

629,  631  Chestnut  St. 

-     14  Maiden  Lane. 

100  State  St. 


BANKERS    AND    BROKERS. 

Prompt  attention  given  to  the  purchase  and  sale  of  Stocks,  Bonds  and  other  Securities 
6  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia. 


DAVID  A.  FREED. 


CHAS.  E.  KREAMER. 


Happy  Thought, 


Quality  and 

Chew 
Unexcelled. 


Pleasant, 

Palatable  and 

Lasting. 


F.I.  My,  Jr. 


Happy  Tloilt. 


The  Wave-Line 

Plug, 

Paper  Tag  on 
each  piece. 


GIVE  IT  A  TRIAL. 


Beware 
of  Imitations. 


GENERAL  AGENT, 


Pa 

,,  id. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


WORKS  AND  OFFICE  : 

30th  &  Chestnut  Sts.,  Phild. 


NEW  YORK  OFFICE  ; 

95  &  97  Liberty  Street. 


Passenger  and  Freight,  Hydraulic,  Steam  and  Belt  Power. 


HOISTING    MACHINERY    FOR    MINES,    BLAST    FURNACES,    INCLINED 
PLANES   AND    DOCK   USE. 


Our  Elevators  are  in  operation  in  almost  all  the  prominent  buildings  in  Philadelphia, 
amongst  which  we  would  name  :  General  Offices  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co.,  233  So.  4th  Street; 
General  Offices  Lehigh  Valley  R.  R.  Co.,  226  So.  3d  St.;  General  Offices  Philadelphia  & 
Reading  R.  R.  Co.,  227  So.  4th  Street  ;  Hood,  Bonbright  &  Co.'s  new  building,  S.  W.  Cor. 
nth  and  Market  Sts  ;  Union  Insurance  Co.,  S.  W.  Cor.  3d  and  Walnut  Sts.;  Knickerbocker 
Ice  Co.,  S.  W.  cor.  6th  and  Arch  Sts.;  Lea  Building,  N.  W.  Cor.  yth  and  Arch  Sts.;  Gibson 
Building,  Market,  above  I3th  St.;  Morris  Building,  715  Arch  St.;  Irving  House;  Dooner's 
Hotel;  Hotel  Bellevue ;  New  Building  American  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  Walnut  above  3d  St. 
Central  News  Co.'s  New  Building,  Locust,  near  yth  St.;  Liverpool,  London  &  Globe  Insurance 
Co  ,  331  to  337  Walnut  St.,  and  many  others.  Send  for  Circular. 


BERGNER'&'ENGEL' BREWING 


Export  Lager,  Tannhaeuser  &  Culmbacher  Beers, 

Fine  Stock  Ales,  Porter  &  Brown  Stout, 


ONLY  GRAND  PRIZE  AT  PARIS. 


ESTABLISHED   1837. 


Cl 


Diamonds,  Jewelry,  Etc, 

MARKKT  ^  18th  STS., 

.     I'lllLADELPHlA. 
Open    '.    1-Cvery  .'.  Evening 


Dr.  Schenck's  Mandrake  Liver  Pills. Prai>ed 

STANDARD  FOR  OVER  HALF  A  CENTURY. 


on  every 
Trial. 


Cure  indigestion,  sour  stomach,  heartburn, 
flatulency,  colic,  and  all  diseases  of  the 
5  stomach;  costiveness,  inflammation, 
diarrhoea,  piles,  and  diseases  of  the 
bowels;  congestion,  biliousness,  jaundice, 
nausea,  headache,  giddiness,  nervousness, 
wandering  pains,  malaria,  liver  com- 
plaint, and  all  diseases  arising  from  a 
gorged  and  sluggish  liver.  They  clean 
the  mucous  coats,  reduce  gorged  or  con- 
gested conditions,  break  up  stubborn 
complications,  restore  free,  healthy  action 

I-  "      to   the    organs,   and   give  the  system  a 

^J^J^^>«  I  chance    to    recover    tone  and    strength. 

They  are  Purely  Vegetable,  Strictly  Reliable  &  Absolutely  Safe. 

POI^  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
PRINTED  DIRECTIONS  FOR  USING  ACCOMPANY  EVERY  PACKAGE. 

LEWIS  BROTHERS  &  CO,, 


FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC 


grelptg, 


23'S  and  240  Chestnut  Street,      .  Philadelphia. 

86  and  88  Worth  Street,  .  .  New  York. 
1 60  and  162  Market  Street,  .  .  Chicago. 
44  Chauncey  Street,  ....  Boston. 
Cor.  German  and  Sharp  Streets,  .  .  Baltimore, 


William  Simpson,  Sons  &  Co,, 

DRY  GOODS 
Commission  *  Merchants, 


128  &  130  CHESTNUT  ST.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

.  32Z  BROADWAY,  HEW 


Standard  Household  Remedies 

Dr.  D.  Jayne's  Family  Medicines. 

Are  prepared  with  great  care,  expressly  for  Family  Use,  and  are  so  admirably 

calculated  to  preserve  health  and  remove  disease,  that  no 

family  should  be  without  them.    They  consist  of 

Jayne's  Expectorant,  for  Colds,  Coughs,  Asthma,  Consumption,  and  all  Pulmonarj 
and  Bronchial  Affections.  It  promotes  expectoration  and  allays  inflammation. 

Jayne's  Tonic  Verinif  Hffe,  for  Worms,  Dyspepsia,  Piles,  General  Debility,  etc. 
An  excellent  Tonic  for  Children,  and  a  beneficial  remedy  in  many  of  the  ailments  of  the 
young. 

Jayne's  Carminative  Balsam,  for  Bowel  and  Summer  Complaints,  Colics, 
Cramp,  Cholera,  etc.  A  certain  cure  for  Diarrhoea,  Cholera  Morbus,  and  Inflammation  of  the 
Bowels. 

Jayne's  Alterative,  For  Purifying  the  Blood,  and  for  curing  Scrofula,  Goitre 
Dropsy,  Salt  Rheum,  Epilepsy,  Cancers,  and  Diseases  of  the  Skin  and  Bones. 

Jayne's  Imminent  or  Counter-irritant,  for  Sprains,  Bruises,  Soreness  in  the 
Bones  or  Muscles,  Rheumatism,  and  useful  in  all  cases  where  an  external  application  is 
required. 

Jayne's  Sanative  Pills,  a  valuable  Purgative  and  a  certain  cure  for  all  Bilious 
Affections,  Liver  Complaints,  Costiveness,  Dyspepsia,  and  Sick  Headache. 

Jayne's  Hair  Tonic,  for  the  Preservation,  Beauty,  Growth  and  Restoration  of  the 
Hair.  A  pleasant  dressing  for  the  hair,  and  a  useful  toilet  article. 

Jayne's  Specific  tor   Tape    "Worm,  a  certain,  safe,  and  prompt  remedy. 

In  settlements  and  localities  where  the  attendance  of  a  Physician  cannot  be  readily  obtained 
Families  will  find  these  Remedies  of  great  service.  The  Directions  which  accompany  them 
are  in  plain,  unprofessional  language,  easily  understood  by  all,  and,  in  addition,  Jayne's 
Medical  Almanac  and  Guide  to  Health,  to  be  had  gratis  of  all  Agents,  contains,  besides  a 

reliable  Calendar,  a  catalogue  of  diseases,  the  symptoms  by  which  they  may  be  known, 

toge'her  with  advice  as  to  the  proper  remedies  to  be  used. 

All  of  Dr.  D.  Jayne  &  Son's  Family  Medicines  are  sold  by  Druggists  everywhere. 


W.  J.  McCAHAN  &  CO., 


Sugar  Refiners, 


AND  DEALER  IN  SYRUPS  AND  MOLASSES, 
Office,  147  South  Front  St.,  Philadelphia. 


,  OTSEGO  AND  ffloi^is  STS. 


BRADSTREET'S 


Improved  ,\  Mercantile 
#  Agency,  ^ 

TEKTH  AKD  CHESTNUT  STS. 


Offices  in  all  the   principal  cities  of  the   United  States  and  Canada; 

also    London,     England;     with    Continental    and 

Australasian  Correspondence. 


MCCALLUM  &  SLOAN, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


FINE 


Wayne  Junction,  Phi  la., 
ALSO 

Jobbers'  and  Retailers'  Warehouse, 


10 1 2  AND  1014  CHESTNUT  ST., 


PHILADELPHIA. 


BAR'TOL 


IMPORTER  AND  SUGAR  REFINER, 


GROCERS'  SUGAR  REFINERY. 


PHILADELPHIA. 


KAY     &>     BROTHER, 

Publishers  of  the  following  Standard  Works: 


WHARTON'S  COMMENTARIES  ON  LAW, 
WHARTON'S  CRIMINAL  LAW,  2  vols. 
WHARTON'S  CRIMINAL  PLEADING  &  PRACTICE, 
WHARTON'S  CRIMINAL  EVIDENCE, 
WHARTON  ON  CONTRACTS,  2  vols. 
WHARTON  ON  EVIDENCE,  2  vols. 
REED  ON  THE  STATUTE  OF  FRAUDS,  3  vols. 
TAYLOR  ON  CORPORATIONS. 


PURDON'S  DIGEST,  2  vols. 
KINNS'  JUSTICE. 
DUNLAP'S  FORMS. 

TKOUBAT  &  HALY'S  PRACTICE,  2  vob. 
BRIGHTLY'S  PENNSYLVANIA  DIGEST,  3  vols. 
SCOTT  ON  THE  INTESTATE  LAW. 
PEARSON'S  SUPREME  COURT  PRACTICE, 
PENNSYLVANIA  REPORTS. 


724  Sansom  Street, 


Philadelphia. 


J. 


BUNTING, 


WHOLESALE  WAREHOUSE  FOR 


AND    BEDDINGS    SUPPLIES, 

Below  Dock,   -      -  219  South  Second  Street, 

Factory,  221  South  Second  St.  and  148  Dock  St.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

South  A  merican  Curled  Hair.     Feathers  put  up  in  packages  to  suit  the  trade.        Feathers 
and  Mattresses  Renovated. 


GOLD 
I  A  X  O 


PA: 


ESTABLISHED  1838 


\VAREROOMS: 

1109   Chestnut    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 


RICHARD 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT, 

COTTON,  WARPS  AND  YARNS, 

1  1  7  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FINE  Nos.  A  SPECIALTY,  CARPET  YARNS  AND  WARPS. 

ao's  TO  150*5.  4*S  TO  2o's. 

HOMEK,  LE  BOTJTILLIEK  &  CO,, 


Chestnut  St., 


Dress  ({oods,  Laces,  Wraps, 


(COSTUMES,  FURS  I  HOSIERY, 


MAIL  ORDERS  CAREFULLY  FILLED. 


PHILADELPHIA    WAREHOUSE    COMPANY, 

-  ITo.    235    IDocls:    Street,— 
CAPITAL  FULL  PAID,  $1,000,000.  CHARTERED  1871. 

Advances  made  upon  Merchandise  in  store  or  in  transit.  Warehouse 
receipts  negotiated.  Special  arrangements  made  for  large  parcels  of  merchan- 
dise by  leasing  storeroom  convenient  to  borrower.  Loans  negotiated  upon 
Iron  at  Shipping  points,  or  at  Furnace. 

HARRY  F.  WEST,  President,  FRANKLIN  M.  POTTS,  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

BEAUVEAU  BORIE,  Vice-President,  ROBERT  H.  PILE,  Sup't. 

DIRECTORS.—HARRY  F.  WEST,  H.  C.  GIBSON,  J.  LOWBER  WELSH,   J.  H.  MICHENER,   LAW- 
RENCE JOHNSON,  T.  CHARLTON  HENRY,  BEAUVEAU  BORIE,  CHAS.  SPENCER,  WM.  C.  HOUSTON. 


GtAS  IMPR0VEMENT  80. 

333  05alnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 


•4  Builde^,  Le»  aijd    itfcgagBi^  of 


GEORGE  PH/LLER,  President.  SAATL  T.  BODINE,  Secy  and  Trtas. 

WILLIAM  W.  GIBBS,  Gen  I  Manager.  EDWARD  C.  LEE,  Ass't  Sec'y  and  Treas. 

ARTHUR  O.  GRANGER,  Ass'tGen'l  Man.  ALEX.  C.  HUMPHREYS,  Gen'ISuft. 

HENRY  H.  EDGERTON,  JOS.  H.  COLLINS,  Jr., 

Chemist  &  Engineer.  Ass't  Gen1 1 Supt. 


IDIIRIEOTOIR  S_- 


GEORGE  PfflLLER,  JAMES  A.  WRIGHT,  JOHN  L.  STEWART, 

WILLIAM  W.  GIBBS,  HENRY  C.  GIBSON,  WM.  L.  ELK/NS, 

THOMA  S  DO  LA  N.  HENR  Y  L.  DAI  'IS.  P.  A.  B.  WIDENER. 

ROBT.  PATTERSON,  Jos.  G.  PATTERSON,                                 CHAS.  N.  VOLLUM. 

FRES'T.  SEC'Y  *  TREAS.                                           VICE-PRES'T. 


THE 


tM  aid  Lislterap  Co., 


108  Walnut  Street,  PHILADELPHIA. 

Successors  to  ROBERT  PATTERSON  &  SON. 

COOK  &  BROTHER, 

49,  51  &  53  N.  Eighth  St.,  Philadelphia, 

ARE  THE  LARGEST  RETAILERS  OF 

HOSIERY  AND  UNDERWEAR 

IN     AMERICA. 


* 


86  &  88  Frattftfitt  St<t  JVew  tjorft 


BOSTON: 

68  Chiamncry  St. 


PHILADELPHIA  : 

122  Chestnut  St. 


«««>«>  ............  *  ......... 


»  .......  MTT» 


Globe  *  Gas*  Light 


-)  CONTRACTORS    FOR  (- 


LIGHTING 


-)  MANUFACTURERS  OF  (- 


PLAIN  UND I  FANCY  *  STREET  *  LAMPS, 

s^LAMP-POSTS 

)  BUILDERS  OF  ( 

Gas  ^WaterWorks. 

CRUDE  OIL  AND  NAPHTHA 

FOR  /.  GAS  .'.  COMPANIES. 
Gasoline  for  Gas  Machines. 


PENNSYLVANIA  GLOBE  GAS  LIGHT  CO. 

47  &  49  North  2d  Street, 


COFFIN,  ALTEMUS  &  Co: 


DRY  GOODS 


COMMISSION-MERCHANTS, 

220  Chestnut  Street,        Philadelphia. 


,    HEW    yoRK,    BOSTON    AND    BALTIMORE. 


-p 

3D 


ESTABLISHED  HALF  A  CENTURY. 


NOT  FOUND 

f       OTHER    . 

THAT  WILL  WELL  REPAY  Ahf          N-L 

INVESTIGATION 


r        i 

0 

ft     THE  BEST  SAFE 

MARVIN  SAFE  CO. 

NEW  YORK,       PHILADELPHIA, 
LONDON.  ENGLAND. 


CD 

CL 

fD 


CD 


tjour  Kind  of  ^fotftes* ^ 

One  of  the  easy  ways  of  squandering  money  is  to  buy  things  at  random;  don't 
look  at  what  you're  getting;  don't  care;  don't  compare.  If  you  do,  then  we're 
ready  to  make  it  clear  to  you  that  our  ready-made  clothing  looks  the  best,  wears 
the  best,  and  is  the  cheapest  clothing  you  can  buy  anywhere — and  the  finest 
•withal.  Perhaps  we  should  have  put  the  last  first.  Finest  ready-made  clothing 
isn't  made  in  so  many  places,  however,  that  you'll  miss  coming  here  for  it.  Any 
time  that  you  think  you  must,  perforce,  go  to  a  merchant  tailor  to  get  an  accur- 
ate fit  or  an  extra  fine  quality  of  goods,  come  in  here  as  you  go  along.  Ninety- 
nine  out  of  ahundred  you'll  go  no  farther,  and  that  you'll  get  what  you  want  here. 

S.  M.  WANAMAKER  &  CO., 

THE  .'.  FINEST .-.  CLOTHING  .:  HOUSE  :.  IN  .-.  AMERICA, 
818,    82O    &    822     Chestnut    Street. 


*    *  v3>r)e    @3pecio    Water},  *    * 


ITS    SUPREMACY    AMONG    TIMEKEEPERS. 


roHE  record  of  the  famous  Watch  of  Messrs.  Patek,  Philippe  &  Co  is  one  of  constant 
•!•  improvement,  a  succession  of  triumphs  and  an  ever-widening  sale.  Since  the 
London  Exhibition  of  185]  it  has  received  the  highest  awards  at  nearly  all  the 
important  national  and  international  expositions,  while  the  higher  test  of  everyday 
use  by  the  thousands  in  all  countries  who  carry  it  has  amply  sustained  scientific 
trials  and  verdicts  of  exposition  juries.  When,  therefore,  Messrs.  Bailey,  Banks  & 
Biddle  desired  to  make  a  choice  among  watches,  they  unhesitatingly  selected  the 
"  Patek"  as  the  one  that,  with  improvements  in  construction  of  the  movement  and 
a  higher  order  of  adjustment  suggested  by  their  long  experience,  they  could  most 
satisfactorily  offer  to  customers  and  accompany  with  the  name  of  the  house  as  an 
indorsement  of  its  superiority. 

Even  without  the  points  which  Bailey,  Banks  &  Biddle  have  added,  the  "  Patek" 
watch  is  the  general  favorite  of  experienced  dealers  and  the  wearers  of  fine  time- 
pieces ;  while  that  the  extra  advantages  given  it  as  the  Bailey,  Banks  <t  Biddle 
Special,  and  the  extraordinary  adjustment  exacted,  are  fully  appreciated,  is  shown 
by  largely  increased  sales  during  the  past  year.  The  prices  are  exceedingly  low  for 
the  highest  grade  watch. 

BAILEY  CHESTNUT  STREET, 

BANKS   &  Cor.  Twelfth, 

BIDDLE,  PHILADELPHIA. 


MECHANICS'    TOOL    DEPOT. 


Tools,  Supplies  $m  Mechanical  Appliances 


IFOR 


Best  Tools  and   Lowest   Prices. 


TOLLMAN  . .  &•  . .  McKADDEN, 

1025  Market  Street, 


PHILADELPHIA. 


No.  40  N.  8th  St., 
No.  820  Arch  St., 

PHILADELPHIA. 


IS 

The  Most  Comfortable! 

The  Most  Durable! 

The  Most  Economical! 

The  Most  Sensible! 

)  THE  STORE  OF  ( 

Tnim*    r\  TTV   ct  ir<  i?r  IT*  r\   ctucvi/1    KT <u\T7fU7'nnTTTrri«)T\Tn   no 
'I'jilli   L)/i¥   ptiWliiL)  pjit/£j   Jal/lJ\.Ur'/lU1l[U.r(lj\.fe[  ucl. 

)  IS    AT  ( 

No.  23   North  Eighth  St.,  Philadelphia. 

OPERA  TING    THE    ll'ESTINGHOUSE  ELECTRIC  COMPANY'S  SYSTEM  FOR 


STORES  AND  DWELLINGS. 


THE  KEYSTONE  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO., 

1O8    South    Sixth    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


H.  H.  WESTINGHOUSE, 

President, 
M.  R.  MUCKLE,  JR., 

Sec.  and  Treas. 


T.  CARPENTER  SMITH, 

V  ice-President. 
W.  W.  PERKINS,  Supt., 
Station  No.  \,  707  Sansom  St, 


C.  H.  GARLAND  &  Co. 

323  Chestnut  Street, 


FRACTIONAL.  LOTS  OF  ALL 

stocks.  PHILADELPHIA. 


IF  YOU     NEED  (and  who  does  not?)   the   best 
form  of  true  life  insurance,  adapted  to  all  circum- 
stances and  all  ages,  at  the  lowest  sure  rates,  free 
from  conditions  or  restrictions,  incontestible  and  non- 
forfeitable, send  for  publications  of  the 

PC  ii  ii     Mutual     Lrife      Insurance     Co., 

HOME  OFFICE: 

921  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 

ROYAL  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  of  Liverpool,  England. 

STATEMENT,  UNITED  STATES  BRANCH,  JANUARY  1,  1886. 
Assets,  $4,712,899.16  —  Liabilities,  $2,368,428.16  —    Surplus,  $2,344,471.00 

GEO.  WOOD,  Manager,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware. 

ROYAL  INSURANCE  CO.  BUILDING,  306  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 

/ETNA    FIRE   INSURANCE  CO.,  of  Hartford,    Conn. 

-  INCORPORATED,  A.  D.  1819.  -  CHARTER  PERPETUAL.  - 
Cash  Capital,  84,000,000  —  Assets,  Jan.  i,  1886,  9,260,096.65  —  Losses  paid  in  67  years,  58,750,000. 

Philadelphia  Branch,  403  WALNUT  ST.,  William  C.  Goodrich,  Agent. 
---  Perpetual    Policies  issued  on   Dwellings,  Churches  and  School-Houses.  — 


-ESTABLISHED    1849.-  %£  o1  £  §•  g- 


_    8   ii   |D.  W.  KOLBE  &  SON,  f  1 1: 1 II  £ 

§       /- 1   Manufacturers  of 

Q    .9 
w     Q< 

r    8 

5    « 

z   ^ 

5          -„,  M    _« 

^    •£     I  s      I    No.  12O7  Arch    Street,    Philadelphia  ^  c  I  >  " 

fef      PL,  1^  FORMERLY  SOUTH  NINTH  STREET.  B  §:  ?    S"  7*  T 


TRIMBLE 

WHISKIES, 


SOLE 

WHITE.  HENTZ  &  CO., 

222,  224  N.  Second  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JOSEPH  K.  DAVISON, 

931  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia, 


MAXfFACTVRER   OF 


FINE  JEWELRY, 

I>EALER    IN 

Diamonds  and  Other  precious  Stones. 


PRESENTATION    BADGES     FOR    MILITARY    AND     CIVIC 
BODIES,  COLLEGE  SOCIETY  PINS,  CLASS  RINGS, 

•  '•  and  •  '•  Prizes  •  '•  for  -'-all-'-  A  thief  ic  •  '•  Sports.  *V 


ESTIMATKS    AND     DESIGNS    FURNISHED   WHEN    DESIRED. 

Delaware  Sugar  House, 

Sale  Office:   123  S.  Front  St. 

Refinery:  Foot  Reed  St., 


B.  H.  HOWELL.  SON  &  CO..  Agents.  £.  D.  COOK,  Representative. 


KSTA/lLfSUED  1853. 


o 


The  x  Original  *  One  *  Price  *  Hat  \  Emporium  , 

3931    MARKET  STREET, 

FORMERLY  ELEVENTH  AND  SOUTH  STREETS,  W. 


PRINXINO  COMPANY, 


Printers  and  Lithopphers, 

3STO.    3941    HVELA-IRIKIIET    ST., 

WEST  PHILADELPHIA. 


LEE'S 

08B  PRICE  STORES 


Dry  Goods, 

TRIMMIN&S,  .  '  .  HOSIERY, 


Notions, 


FDRNISHIM  .'.  GOODS 


J,  B.  Lee  &  Son, 

LANCASTER  AVE., 

WEST  .'.  PHILADELPHIA. 


FRANK  RICHARDS, 


Largest  Wholesale  and 
Retail 


FLOOR  &  FEED  STORE 

In  West  Philadelphia. 
—3722— 

LANCASTER  .-.  AVE. 


X.  B.— Special  attention 
given  to  raniily  trade  iu 
Flour. 


1884. 


1&87. 


SHOMAS  BARLOW, 

Fine  Merchant    Tailoring 

AND  .-.  READY-MADE  /.  PANTALOON  .-.  ESTABLISHMENT, 


3826  Lancaster  Avenue, 


WEST  PHILADELPHIA. 


SHONEMAN  BROTHERS, 

116,  118,  12O,  122  North  Eighth  Street, 


Leading .'.  Morning  .•.  and  .•.  Fancy.1.  Goods.1.  House. 


CX2 


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N.  TIOCEON  &  GO 


N.  E.  CORNER  THIRD  AND  DOCK  STREETS, 


Members  .'.  «/  .'.  Philadelphia,  .'.  New  .'.  }>r^  .'.  and  .' .  Chicago  .'.  ^o<r-f  .'.  Exchanges. 


YOUNG,  SMYTH,  FIELD  &  CO. 
Hosiery, 


-LADIES'  AND  GENTLEMENS'- 


^•Furnishing  *  Goods,'? 


1  *liiladelplnia. 


Makers  of  the  celebrated  "  Y.  S.  F."  brand  of  fast  color  Hosiery. 
Every  pair  guaranteed  fast  color  and  free  from  poisonous  substances. 

J.  P.  WHITNEY.  T.  W.  SVNNOTT. 

ESTABLISHED  1775. 

The  Whitney  Glass  Works, 

FACTORIES:    GLASSBORO,   N.  J. 


PHILADELPHIA   OFFICE  : 
227  SOUTH  FRONT  STREET. 


NEW  YORK  OFFICE  : 

59    MURRAY    STREET. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


-)  AND  (- 


Of    every    ciescription. 


The  largest  and  oldest  Glass  Factories  in  the  United  States, 

)  Private  Mould  Orders  Specially  Solicited.  ( 


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Northern  Savings  Fund, 

SAFE  DEPOSIT  AND  TRUST  COMPANY, 

SIXTH  /.  AND  .  •.  SPRING  .•.  GARDEN  .•.  STREETS, 

Philadelphia. 


W.  FREDERICK  SNYDER,  President. 

H.  B.  PEARSON,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


CHARLES  SANTEE,  Vice-President. 
T.  B.  BUTCHER,  Trust  Officer. 


NATHAN  L.  HATFIELD,  M.  D.,  HENRY. D.  WELSH, 

CHARLES  SANTEE,  ABRAHAM  GOLDSMITH, 

W.  FREDERICK  SNYDER,  ROBERT  PATTERSON, 

A.  C.  BOURNONVILLE,  M.  D.,  HOWARD  THOMPSON, 

PETER  SCHEMM,  WM.  PATTEN, 

WM.  H.  PIERSOL,  WILLIAM  G.  Fox, 

ISAAC  A.  SHEPPARD. 

MONEY  DEPOSITS. — Two  per  cent,  interest  allowed  on  deposits  payable  on  demand. 
Three  per  cent,  interest  allowed  in  the  Saving  Fund  Department,  subject  to  two  weeks' notice. 


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ron 


TWENTY-THIRD    AND    CHERRY    STS., 

:::::-.:::::::::::  F3r>  i  1  aiCL 


Fronts  for  Buildings,  Columns,    Girders,  Wrought-Iron  Beams,   Sidewalk  Lights,  Drinking 

Fountains,  Garden  Vases,  Stairs,  Railings,  Crestings,  Stable  Fixtures, 

Electric  and  Gas  Lamp  Posts. 


Sale  and  Exchange  Stables. 

I  have  on  hand  a  first-class  stock  of  Horses,  consisting  of  Coach, 
Road,  Saddlers  and  Work  Horses,  and  a  large  supply  of  Mules  con- 
stantly on  hand,  and  am  prepared  to  fill  all  orders  promptly. 

ELI  KINDIG,  JR.,  Proprietor. 


MUUIN'S  PAPER  WEIGHTS, 

Metal  Covered  with  Leather, 


Office,  Counting-House  |?  Draughtsman. 


Name,  etc.,  can  be  stamped  on  in  gold. 
No.  Length.       Width.      Thickness.      Weight.         Per  Doz.        Each. 

1  Lead,       3!  in.,       2f  in.       i^- in.       3^  Ibs.,      $14.50      $1.25 

2  A  "          3f    "        2|  "        ij    "        2i    "  8.50          .75 
4  A  "         2|    '         2     "        ij    "        i£    "             6.00          .50 

Any  style  furnished  to  order  in  quantities  at  special  prices. 

FENTON  P.  F.  MULLINS, 

MANUFACTURER  AND  PATENTEE, 

825  ARCH  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

J.  E.  CALDWELL  &  Co., 

902  Chestnut  Street,     -    -    -    PHILADELPHIA, 


-IMPORTERS   OF- 


VfSf. 


Fine  Q5atches,  Superb  porcelain, 
Choice  jBron%e§)  Clocks  €ind  Clock  Sets, 


DEALERS   IN 


JEWELRY,  STERLING  SELYERWARE, 

Art    Metal    Work,    American    Pottery,    Richly    Cut 
Glass,  Electro-plated  Ware. 


H* 


•^Photographic  Art  SMo,f 

1204    CHESTNUT  ST., 

F'hiladelpl'iia. 


Special    rates  for    Photographs    to 
rs   of  t/ie  Police  Force. 


-)  AND    (- 


of 


24  &  26  SOUTH  FIFTH  ST.,  PHILADELPHIA. 


OFFICE  :    32  SOUTH   FIFTH  STRF.F.T. 


ESTABLISHED  1840. 


Tin,  Copper  and  Galvanized  Iron  Works, 

F)EATERS,  .-.  RANGES  .*.  AND  /.  J^EPAIKIXC;. 

Tin,  Slate  and  Tile   Roofing  adtt  Spouting. 

ROOKS  REPAIRED  AX1  )  1  'AIXTETO. 

7O9  South  Eleventh  Street,  -  -  PHILADELPHIA. 


FAIRMOUNT 

Machine  Works, 

ESTABLISHED   1839. 


Wood 

TWENTY-SECOND  AND  WOOD  STREETS, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TEXTILE  .-.  MACHINERY, 
Shafting*  and  Gearing*,  Elevators,  etc. 


Pequea  Mills,         1 2211  and  spring  enrin  sts 
Mount  Vernon  Mills, 


Cassimeres, 

Plaid  Flannels, 

Cottonades. 


+J 


Refimind4-C0.f 

IL  ^      •  " 


HENRY  L  DAVIS,  VICE-PRESIDENT. 


— C.  E.  BUSHNELL,  SECRETARY. 


NEW     MANAGEMENT, 
NEW     LIFE, 

New  Styles    of  Men's,     Young   Men's,    Large-  and 
Small  Boys 

CLOTHING, 

Men's     and     Boys'     Furnishings. 
BROWNING,    KING    &    CO., 


NEW  YORK  CLOTHIERS, 


9io&  912  Chestnut  St., 


PHILADELPHIA. 


WARREN  A.  REED,  Manager- 


Lace  Curtains,  Heavy  Draperies,  Cur- 
tains and   Portieres,  Upholstery 
Goods,  Table  and  Piano  Covers. 


Linen  Goods,  Blankets 
and  Quilts,    Embroideries,    Ladies' 
Underwear,  Infants'  Wear. 


SPECIAL  ANNOUNCEMENT! 


Persons  In  search  of  Novelties  or  Standard  <•<>«. <K  in 

FINE  FURNITURE, 
UPHOLSTERY, 

DECORATIONS, 

WOOD  MANTELS, 

FOLDING  BEDS. 


Catalogue  on 


Application. 


FACTORIES 


Connected  with  Salesrooms, 


Insuring  promptness  and  per- 
sonal supervision  in  exe- 
cuting orders. 


Or,  in  fact,  any  article  for  artistic  house  furnishing,  will  find  it  to 
their  interest  to  visit  our  extensive  warerooms,  where 

ORIGINAL  DESIGNS, 

DURABLE  WORK  and 

REASONABLE   PRICES 

Are  euaranteed. 


THE  HALE  AND  KILBURN  MANUFACTURING  CO,, 

48  &  50  North  Sixth  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


LIBRARY 


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